2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十一 考点15 语法填空（C卷）
1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to Xinhua News Agency, the Palace Museum and Huawei signed a cooperation agreement on March 15th. The two sides will set an example ①_______ 5G application. The Palace Museum received more than 17 million visitors in 2019, ②_______ (make) it the most visited museum in the world. In the past 20 years, an office information network covering the whole museum ③_______ (build) gradually. The museum has developed an App that ④_______ (provide) an in-depth explanation of cultural relic information and cultural services. Also, the museum has researched on the ⑤_______ (apply) of VR, AR, AI in museums. ⑥_______ signing of the agreement marks a new chapter in the strategic cooperation between the Palace Museum and Huawei Technologies Co. So, Huawei will make efforts ⑦_______ (speed) up the intelligent construction of the Palace Museum.
"The 600-year-old Palace Museum has never been so close to science and technology." Shan Jixiang said ⑧_______ (proud), former director of the Palace Museum. Shan shared many ideas about the 5G Palace Museum. With the help of advanced technology, ⑨_______ is expected that in the future, audiences around the world will be able to experience and visit the Palace Museum, whether it is a field trip or a virtual tour. Also, the use of AI technology provides a ⑩_______ (broad) platform and stronger knowledge support for cultural relics among young people.
2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Lifelong Journey, an epic drama telling China's great transformation in over half a century, has earned widespread applause.
The TV series consists of 58 episodes. It is adapted from a famous novel of the same name, ①_____ won the 10th Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of the country's top honors for local writers. ②_____ (start) in the late 1960s, the story follows the ups and downs of three siblings in a working class family in northeastern China, striking a chord with viewers for its details ③_____ (vivid) bringing them back to old times.
Its author is regarded ④_____a representative writer of the "educated youth literature". He was originally unwilling ⑤_____ (sell) the adaptation copyright as he believed it would be difficult to bring the story to life on TV. He also ⑥_____ (praise) the cast featuring native actors from northeastern China. That instills a localized and distinctive flavor to the TV series, which is hard to be represented merely through literary ⑦_____ (describe) in a novel.
Li Lu, director and chief producer, said the novel has laid ⑧_____solid foundation for the adaptation, with its ⑨_____ (success) building of a group of convincing characters. With popular TV series or movies, the stories that have inspired such screen works will, also benefit and see ⑩_____ (they) influence grow even further.
3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tea is one of the most popular ①_____ (drink) in the world. Ancient Chinese agricultural production ②_____ (guide) by solar terms (节气) for a long time, and so has tea production. Picking tea leaves is ③_____ important spring activity in South China. Tea ④_____ (pick) before Qingming is called Mingqian tea. Because of the small output ⑤_____ good quality, Mingqian tea is considered quite valuable.
In spring, local hillsides are often filled with tea pickers as well as farmers ⑥_____ (plant) on their land. The beautiful scenery of tea farms in the countryside is ⑦_____ (benefit) to the tourism in these places. Many families take their children to experience the fun of picking tea leaves during spring outings. Picking tea leaves ⑧_____ (reflect) hard work of Chinese people and it is one of the traditional virtues. Today scientists know that tea contains chemicals that keep cells (细胞) ⑨_____ dying. Most teas have caffeine in them, ⑩_____ makes you feel more active. Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause sleeplessness.
4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Grand View Tower, Daguan Lou, sits on the shore of Dianchi Lake and faces the Western Hill across the Dianchi Lake in southwest Kunming City.
In 1682 a monk named Qianyin built a small temple here ①________(teach) Buddhism; eight years later, the official of Yunnan Province, Wang Jiwen, was so attracted by the beautiful natural views that he began to construct a whole park here. Grand View Tower has been an ②________ (attract) ever since with the most visited spot ③________ (be) the Daguan Park. The Daguan Park, ④________ many other ancient Chinese buildings, has also been destroyed and restored several times because of changes of ⑤________ (dynasty) and civil wars. The present-day park ⑥________ (build) in 1883.
The couplet(对联) displayed at the entrance is the ⑦________ (long) one of all in China ⑧________ (write) by a famous scholar named Sun Ran. The couplet of 180 characters is one of the most valued cultural treasures in
Yunnan Province. The first part of the couplet describes the beautiful natural views, ⑨________ urges people to enjoy and treasure this special part of China. The second part of the couplet reviews the 2,000 years history of Yunnan and reminds people that no matter ⑩________ successful or frustrated you are, all will be in nothingness (虚无)in the end.
5.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Known as China's national opera, Beijing Opera, also ①_____ (call) Peking Opera, which originated in the late 18th century, is a combination of music, dance, art and acrobatics (杂技). It is the most ②_____ (influence) and representative of all operas in China. It is called Beijing Opera ③_____ it is formed in Beijing. Beijing Opera has ④_____ history of 200 years and its origin can date back to old local operas, especially Anhui Opera, ⑤_____ was very popular in northern China in the 18th century. In 1790, the first Anhui Opera performance ⑥_____ (hold) in Beijing to celebrate the Emperor's birthday.
Later, some other Anhui Opera troupes (班子) continued performing in Beijing. Anhui Opera was easy ⑦_____ (move) and good at absorbing the acting styles of other types of operas. Beijing accumulated many local operas, ⑧_____ (make) Anhui Opera improve quickly.
⑨_____ the beginning of the 20th century, Beijing Opera finally formed, and became the ⑩_____ (big) of all operas in China.
6.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I made up my mind to climb Mount Huashan to meet the beautiful dawn at the top of the peak. When①______ (arrive) at the foot of the mountain, I began climbing ②______ (immediate) with great joy and determination.
During the process, a sudden light rain made the stone floor wet and slippery. I had the idea of giving up, but the crowd encouraged me ③______ (continue) the trip. As the steps became narrower and ④______ (steep), everyone lined up, grasped the chains and slowly moved forward. I ⑤______ (move) by the unity and strength of a group of strangers.
When I nearly reached the top of the mountain, I hardly had any strength. Then I ⑥______ (hear) a voice saying, "Relax! Don't be afraid. As long ⑦______ you climb up, you are the best!" Hearing this, I realized if I was frightened by the difficulties, I would defeat myself. So I gathered my strength and finally made ⑧______!
⑨______ the moment of sunrise, the rolling sea of clouds and the amazing scenery in the mountain changed dramatically. With all the way of sweat and ⑩______(persevere),you can climb to the summit of the "life".
7.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The dynasty following Sui is the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Its first emperor(皇帝) was ①_____ officer of Sui. He and the other rulers of Tang learned from the ②_____(fail) of Sui and ruled their country in the opposite way. They held a ③_____(good) attitude towards the people and the neighboring countries than before. This could be shown by thousands of poems of different styles ④_____(write) during this period of time. The 200 years after Tang was again a time of division called the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907-960). It was named ⑤_____ the five dynasties in the north and the ten kingdoms in the south. This period of time ⑥_____(end) by the Song Dynasty (960-1279). However, Song was very weak in power and was always invaded by its ⑦_____(neighbor). It was ⑧_____(final) replaced by the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368) founded by the Mongolians. Yuan was the first period of time ⑨_____ the whole China was ruled by the minority. The Mongolians used all kinds of measures ⑩_____(control) the whole country, but still failed in the end.
8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Forbidden City ①_____ (know) for being full of Chinese cultural and historical relics. But Masters in the Forbidden City does not just focus on the stories of the past. Instead, the documentary movie, ②_____ came out in Chinese cinemas on Dec. 16, ③_____ (focus) on ordinary people who are the restorers (修复者) of relics and antiquities (古董).
The stories are told ④_____ a slow and relaxed pace, ⑤_____ (reflect) the restorers' work. Restoration of cultural relics and antiques can be time-consuming, and sometimes boring. Yet these restorers' patience and peace of mind are ⑥_____ (especial) precious in a society where everything is changing so fast.
An touching part of the documentary is ⑦_____ spirit of craftsmanship (工艺) in the restorers. ⑧_____ (year) of repeated boring work requires not only skill, but also faith and spirit. Masters in the Forbidden City has proved wrong many people's ideas about antique restorers, allowing them ⑨_____ (realize) that they are not old, dull professors, but people in ⑩_____ (they) 40s, 30s and even 20s who can be quite pleasing to the eye.
The documentary has even made some young people ask the question, "Is it too late to change my job "
答案以及解析
1.答案：1. to/for2. making3. has been built4. provides5. application6. The7. to speed8. proudly9. it10. broader
解析：①考查介词。句意:这两方的合作将给5G应用树立起一个榜样。分析句意,set an example to/for…为固定搭配,意为"为……树立榜样"。故填to/for。
②考查非谓语动词。句意:故宫在2019年迎来了超过1700万名游客,这使它成为世界上参观人数最多的博物馆。分析句子可知,该句中谓语动词为received, make为非谓语动词,设空处为前面句子所描述情况的结果,所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
③考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的20年里,一个覆盖整个博物馆的官方信息网站已经逐渐被建立起来。分析句意结合语境可知,In the past 20 years是一个持续性时间,且an office information network与build之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,主语an office information network是单数,谓语动词用单数。故填has been built。
④考查时态和主谓一致。句意:博物馆开发了一个应用程序,用来提供深度的文物信息讲解和文化服务。分析句子可知,that 4 (provide)an in-depth explanation of cultural relic information and cultural services. 是一个定语从句,修饰先行词an App,关系词在从句中作主语,替代先行词an App, an App为第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,结合语境,为一般现在时,描述一个客观的事实。故填provides。
⑤考查名词。句意:而且,故宫已经对博物馆所涉及的VR、AR、AI的应用进行了研究。分析句子可知,冠词the后接名词,作介词on的宾语,动词apply的名词形式为application,特指"VR、AR、AI的应用",单数意义,用名词单数。故填application。
⑥考查定冠词。句意:该协议的签订标志着故宫博物院与华为技术有限公司战略合作上的新篇章,华为将努力提高智慧建设故宫的速度。分析句子可知,此处特指"华为与故宫签订的合作协议",所以应该用定冠词the。故填the。
⑦考查不定式。句意:该协议的签订标志着故宫博物院与华为技术有限公司战略合作上的新篇章,华为将努力提高智慧建设故宫的速度。分析句子和句意, make efforts to do为固定搭配,意为"努力做……"。故填to speed。
⑧考查副词。句意:前故宫博物院院长单霁翔,很骄傲地说。分析句子,应该用副词修饰动词said,形容词proud的副词形式为proudly。故填proudly。
⑨考查形式主语。句意:在先进科技的帮助下,期待在未来,全世界的观众都将可以体验参观到故宫,无论是实地旅行还是虚拟旅行。分析句子,that in the future, audiences around the world will be able to experience and visit the Palace Museum, whether it is a field trip or a virtual tour. 是句子真正的主语,置于句末,前面需要使用形式主语it。故填it。
⑩考查形容词比较级。句意:同时,AI技术的使用为年轻人对文物的了解提供了一个更广阔的平台和更强大的知识支撑。结合语境,此处暗含比较的意思,且and连接两个并列成分,所以应该用broad的比较级形式。故填broader。
2.答案：①which②Starting③vividly④as⑤to sell⑥praised⑦description⑧a⑨successful⑩their
解析：①考查非限制性定语从句。句意：它改编自同名著名小说，该小说获得了第十届茅盾文学奖，这是本国对当地作家的最高荣誉之一。根据句意及句子结构可知，此句是非限制性定语从句，引导词指代先行词a famous novel，并在从句中作主语。故填which。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：从20世纪60年代末开始，故事讲述了中国东北一个工人阶级家庭中三个兄弟姐妹的起起落落，其细节生动地将他们带回了过去，引起了观众的共鸣。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词。the story与start是主谓关系，故用现在分词，作状语。位于句首，开头字母需大写。故填Starting。
③考查副词。句意：从20世纪60年代末开始，故事讲述了中国东北一个工人阶级家庭中三个兄弟姐妹的起起落落，其细节生动地将他们带回了过去，引起了观众的共鸣。根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处故用副词vividly，作状语，修饰bringing，表示"生动地"。故填vividly。
④考查介词。句意：其作者被视为"知青文学"的代表作家。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语be regarded as，表示"被看作，被视为"。故填as。
⑤考查不定式。句意：他最初不愿意出售改编版权，因为他认为很难在电视上将这个故事变为现实。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语be unwilling to do sth.，表示"不愿意做某事"，故填不定式。故填to sell。
⑥考查时态，句意：他还赞扬了来自中国东北的本土演员的演员阵容。根据句意及可知，此句描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式。故填praised。
⑦考查名词。句意：这为电视剧注入了一种本地化和独特的风味，而仅仅通过小说中的文学描述很难体现出来。根据句意及被形容词literary修饰可知，此处应填名词，表示"描述"作宾语。故填description。
⑧考查冠词。句意：导演兼总制片人李璐表示，这部小说为改编奠定了坚实的基础，成功塑造了一批令人信服的人物。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处泛指"一个坚实的基础"，故用不定冠词修饰。solid是以辅音音素开头。故填a。
⑨考查形容词。句意：导演兼总制片人李璐表示，这部小说为改编奠定了坚实的基础，成功塑造了一批令人信服的人物。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词successful，作定语，修饰名词building。故填successful。
⑩考查代词。句意：随着电视连续剧或电影的流行，激发此类荧幕作品的故事也将受益，并看到其影响力进一步增长。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词their,作定语，修饰influence。故填their。
3.答案：①drinks②has been guided③an④picked⑤and⑥planting⑦beneficial⑧reflects⑨from⑩which
解析：①考查名词单复数。句意：茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一。空处表示"饮料"应用名词drink，且one of+名词复数，表示"……之一"。故填drinks。
②考查时态和语态。句意：中国古代农业生产长期以来一直受节气的影响，茶叶生产也是如此。空处是谓语，由for a long time可知，应用完成时态，且由后面的助动词has可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Ancient Chinese agricultural production和动词guide(影响)二者是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动，主语是单数。故填has been guided。
③考查冠词。句意：摘茶叶是中国南方春季的一项重要活动。此处指"一项重要活动"，所以activity应用不定冠词修饰，且important发音是以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：清明前采摘的茶叶叫明前茶。句中谓语是is called，空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰Tea，且动词pick（采摘）和tea二者是被动关系，应用过去分词picked。故填picked。
⑤考查连词。句意：由于产量小，质量好，明前茶被认为是相当有价值的。"the small output(产量小)"和"good quality(质量好)"是并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：在春天，当地的山坡上经常充满了采茶人和在土地上种植的农民。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词farmers,动词plant和farmers二者是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填planting。
⑦考查形容词。句意：乡村茶园的美丽景色有利于这些地方的旅游业，空处应用形容词beneficial作表语，be beneficial to对……有好处。故填beneficial。
⑧考查时态。句意：摘茶叶是中国人民勤劳的体现，也是中华民族的传统美德之一。and前后连接两个句子，空处在and前的句子中做谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Picking tea leaves和动词reflect(反映；显示）是主动关系，主语为单数。故填reflects。
⑨考查介词。句意：如今科学家知道茶叶中含有防止细胞死亡的化学物质。keep…from.…固定搭配，意为"阻止……"。故填from。
⑩考查定语从句。句意：大多数茶都含有咖啡因，能让你感觉更活跃。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词caffeine，指物，且定语从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which来引导。故填which。
4.答案：1. to teach2. attraction3. being4. like5. dynasties6. was built7. longest8. written9. which/and10. how
解析：
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是昆明大观楼。
[小题1]考查非谓语动词。句意: 1682年, 一位名叫钱隐的和尚在这里建造了- -座小寺庙来教授佛教。 1682年乾印和尚在此处建了一个小庙来教授佛教知识,故此处的to teach为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
[小题2]考查名词。句意:从那以后,大观塔一直是一个吸引人的景点其中参观人数最多的是大观公园。大观楼自此以后成为了一处景点,an后跟可数名词的单数形attraction,意为"景点"。故填attraction。
[小题3]考查非谓语动词。句意:从那以后,大观塔一直是一个吸引人的景点, 其中参观人数最多的是大观公园。此处with复合结构,spot和be之间是主谓关系,因此需要使用现在分词形式being表主动。故填being。
[小题4]考查介词。句意:大观公园和其他许多中国古代建筑-样,也因朝代更迭和内战而多次遭到破坏和修复。根据语境可知,子表示"大观公园和其他许多中国古代建筑-样,也因朝代更迭和内战而多次遭到破坏和修复",空格处意为....一样",用介词like。故填like。
[小题5]考查可数名词复数。句意:大观公园和其他许多中国古代建筑-样, 也因朝代更迭和内战而多次遭到破坏和修复。此处意为朝代更迭,因此不止一个朝代,空格处应用可数名词复数形式dynasties。故填dynasties
[小题6]考查时态,语态和主谓一致。 句意:现在的公园建于1883年。现存的公园建于1883年,公园和建造构成被动关系,同时是在1883年这个过去的时间点的情况,故使用一般过去时的被动语态, 主语"The present-day park"的单数,因此空格处用was built。故填was built。
[小题7]考查最高级。句意:在入口处展示的对联是中国所有对联中最长的,由著名学者孙然所写。根据语境可知,句子表示"在入口处展示的对联是中国所有对联中最长的",且空格前有the, 因此空格处用最高级longest。故填longest。
[小题8]考查非谓语动词。句意:在入口处展示的对联是中国所有对联中最长的,由著名学者孙然所写。句中谓语是is,空格处用非谓语动词,couplet和write之间是逻辑动宾关系, 因此空格处用过去分词written表被动。故填written。
[小题9]考查定语从句或连词。句意:对联的第一部分描述了美丽的自然风光,这/并敦促人们享受和珍惜中国的这一特殊的部分。 分析句子结构可知,空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词"the first part of the couplet"是物,因此使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句;另外,空格处也可用并列连词and连接两个分句。 故填which/and。
[小题10]考查状语从句。句意:对联的第二部分回顾了云南2000年的历史,提醒人们,无论你是成功还是失败,最终都将化为乌有。根据语境可知,句子表示无论你是成功还是失败,最终都将化为乌有",空格处意为"多么", 修饰形容词successful or frustrated,应用how,此处"no matter how"构成让步状语从句。故填how。
5.答案：①called②influencial③because/as/since④a⑤which⑥was held⑦to move⑧making⑨At⑩biggest
解析：①考查过去分词。句意：京剧被称为中国的国剧，又称京剧，起源于18世纪末，是音乐、舞蹈、艺术和杂技的结合体。本句为主系表结构，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰Beijing Opera，Beijing Opera与动词call之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填called。
②考查形容词。句意：它是中国最具影响力和代表性的戏剧。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词。故填influencial。
③考查连词。句意：它之所以被称为京剧，是因为它形成于北京。分析句子可知，此处表原因，应用连词because或as, since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。
④考查冠词。句意：句意：京剧已有200多年的历史，其起源可以追溯到古老的地方戏曲，尤其是18世纪在中国北方非常流行的徽剧。故填a泛指一个，所以用不定冠词。故填a。
⑤考查非限制性定语从句。句意：句意：京剧已有200多年的历史，其起源可以追溯到古老的地方戏曲，尤其是18世纪在中国北方非常流行的徽剧。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填which。
⑥考查动词时态语态。句意：1790年，第一次徽剧演出在北京举行，以庆祝皇帝的生日。设空处作谓语，主语the first Anhui Opera performance是单数名词，与动词hold之间为被动关系，根据时间状语In 1790可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was held。
⑦考查动词不定式。句意：徽剧动作简单，善于吸收其他剧种的表演风格。本句为"形容词+不定式"结构，不定式常用主动形式。故填to move。
⑧考查现在分词。句意：北京积累了许多地方剧种，使徽剧发展迅速。指代前面句子的直接结果，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
⑨考查介词。句意：20世纪初，京剧最终形成，成为中国最大的戏剧。at the end of"在……末"，固定短语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填At。
⑩考查形容词最高级。句意：20世纪初，京剧最终形成，成为中国最大的戏剧。根据设空前定冠词the及后面of all operas in China可知，此处应用形容词最高级，表示在中国所有歌剧中"最大的"，故填biggest。
6.答案：①arriving②immediately③to continue④steeper⑤was moved⑥heard⑦as⑧it⑨At⑩perseverance
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：一到山脚下，我就怀着极大的喜悦和决心开始攀登。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词和when一起构成时间状语，arrive和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填arriving。
②考查副词，句意：一到山脚下，我就怀着极大的喜悦和决心开始攀登。修饰动词短语began climbing应用副词形式。故填immediately。
③考查不定式。句意：我有了放弃的念头，但人们鼓励我继续。结合句意表达"鼓励某人做某事"用encourage sb.to do sth.，不定式作宾补。故填to continue。
④考查形容词比较级，句意：随着台阶越来越容，越来越陡，大家都站成一排，抓住铁链，慢慢地向前走。结合上文narrower可知，此处应用steep的比较级形式作表语。故填steeper。
⑤考查时态语态，句意：我被一群陌生人的团结和力量所感动。此处陈述过去发生的事情，且主语和move之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was moved。
⑥考查时态。句意：然后我听到一个声音说："放松！别害怕，只要向上爬，你就是最好的！"空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填heard。
⑦考查固定短语，句意：然后我听到一个声音说："放松！别害怕，只要向上爬，你就是最好的！"结合句意表达"只要"用as long as。故填as。
⑧考查代词。句意：所以我集中力量，终于成功了。结合句意表达"成功"用make it。故填it。
⑨考查介词。句意：日出的那一刻，连绵起伏的云海和山上令人惊叹的景色发生了戏剧性的变化。结合句意表达"在……时刻"用at the moment of,置于句首，书字母大写。故填At。
⑩考查名词。句意：凭着一路的汗水和坚持不懈，你就可以攀登到"人生"的顶峰。空处应填名词作宾语，perseverance"坚持不懈符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填perseverance。
7.答案：①an ②failure ③better ④written ⑤after ⑥was ended ⑦neighbors ⑧finally ⑨when ⑩to control
解析：①考查冠词。句意:它的第一位皇帝是隋朝的一位官员。泛指一个, 所以用不定冠词, officer是以元音音素开头的。故填an。
②考查名词的数。句意:他和其他唐朝统治者从隋朝的失败中吸取教训, 以相反的方式统治自己的国家。作介词的宾语, 前面有冠词, 所以用名词, 表示抽象概念, 为不可数名词。故填failure。
③考查比较级。句意:他们对人民和周边国家的态度比以前好多了。后面有than, 所以用比较级。故填better。
④考查过去分词。句意:这可以从这一时期创作的数千首不同风格的诗歌中看出。write和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系, 所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。
⑤考查固定搭配。句意:它是以北方五代和南方十国的名字命名的。be named after以......命名, 为固定搭配。故填after。
⑥考查时态语态。句意:这一时期在宋代(960-1279)结束。end和句子主语之间是被动关系, 所以用被动语态, 描述过去的事情, 所以用一般过去时态, 主语为单数名词。故填was ended。
⑦考查名词的数。句意:然而,宋的势力很弱, 经常受到邻国的侵略。neighbor为可数名词, 所以用复数泛指。故填neighbors。
⑧考查副词。句意:最后被蒙古人建立的元朝(1206-1368)所取代。修饰句子, 所以用副词。故填finally。
⑨考查定语从句。句意:元朝是中国第一个由少数民族统治的时期。先行词为时间名词, 在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。
⑩考查不定式。句意:蒙古人用各种手段控制了整个国家, 但最终还是失败了。use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事, 不定式作宾补。故填to control。
8.答案：①is known②which③focuses④at⑤reflecting⑥especially⑦the⑧Years⑨to realize⑩their
解析：①考查固定搭配、动词的时态和主谓一致。固定搭配 be known for 意为"因……而闻名"；此处陈述的是客观事实，应用般现在时；且主语"The Forbidden City"是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填is known.
②考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为"the documentary movie"，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。
③考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主语"the documentary movie"是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填focuses。
④考查介词。固定搭配at a...pace意为"以……速度、步伐"。故填at。
⑤考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词reflect与逻辑主语"The stories"之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填reflecting。
⑥考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰形容词"precious"。故填especially。
⑦考查冠词。此处特指纪录片中修复师的工艺精神，应用定冠词the。故填the。
⑧考查名词的单复数。year为可数名词，其前无冠词修饰，故此处表示复数概念，意为"多年"。故填Years.注意首字母大写。
⑨考查非谓语动词。固定搭配allow sb.to do sth.意为"允许某人做某事"。故填to realize 。
⑩考查代词。根据空格后的"40s, 30s and even 20s"可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，表示在他们的40岁、30岁甚至是20岁。故填their。2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十一 考点15 语法填空（A卷）
1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When we're young, we fearlessly dream about what our lives might be like. Since I was very young, I have dreamed of working for the United Nations in some of the most troubled ①______(country) in the world. And thanks to a lot of courage, that dream finally came true.
But here's the thing about courage: It doesn't just appear whenever we need it. It's the result of tough ②______ (consider) and real work, involving the balance ③______ fear and bravery. Without fear, we'll do foolish things. And without courage, we'll never step into ④______ unknown. The balance of the two is where the magic lies, and it's a balance we all deal with every day...
I ⑤______ (diagnose) with a disease called HIBM three years ago, which affects all my muscles from head to toe. It was frightening news, because I had no idea how the disease might progress. But what was ⑥______ (extreme) disheartening was listening to other people advise me ⑦______ (limit) my ambitions and dreams. So, I ignored them and continued to pursue my dream of working all over the world.
Life is already ⑧______ (scare), so to make our dreams come true, we need to be brave. In facing my fears and ⑨______ (find) the courage to push through them, I swear my life has been extraordinary. So live big and try to let your courage outweigh your fear. You never know ⑩______ it might lead you in the life journey.
2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Tianshan Tuomuer Grand Canyon is about 25 kilometers long from east to west and 20 kilometers wide from north to south. It consists of three main ①_____(valley)in the shape of the Chinese character "川".②_____(locate)in the northwest of Xinjang at the foot of Tuomur Peak, it is also known ③_____ "Kuduluk Grand Canyon", ④_____ means "hilling and mysterious "in Uygur(维吾尔语). It is the only way to the ancient post road in the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains.
On June 21, 2013, the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang ⑤_____ (list) as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. The area in which the Tuomur Grand Canyon lies is the ⑥_____ (large) among the four places in the Tianshan Mountains, ⑦_____ (account) for 59. 87 percent of the whole site.
With its red canyons set against the snow-capped mountains in the distance, the dreamlike landscape ⑧_____ (complete)makes visitors lost in the beautiful and impressive view of nature. At night, you can see the stars. Remember that the temperature difference there is very large. While wearing short sleeves at noon, evenings may require ⑨_____ down jacket and other warm clothes. There is no tour bus service, but visitors can drive to the canyon by ⑩_____ (they) or hire a bus Apart from it, Xinjiang is in possession of many appealing tourist spots, attracting a good number of visitors at home and abroad.
3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether north or south of the Tianshan Mountains, you'll notice small stands ① ______ some crispy and delicious nang is sold. The reason ②______ this traditional flatbread happening to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport.
While round and ③______ (primary)made of flour, nang can vary in different ways. For example, consider size. The largest nang, ④______ (refer)to as "emanke",is as big as the wheel of a car and weighs 2 kilograms. Cooking techniques have evolved(演变)for this traditional food in Xinjiang, with more people ⑤______ (bake)the bread in environmentally-friendly ovens now.
The Xinjiang nang industry is part of what has played ⑥______ key role in poverty reduction too, aiming to create a more innovative and ⑦______ (power) mode of industrial development. Nang cultural industrial parks ⑧______ (build) recently in many cities. Among them, the Aksu Park stands out as a unique example of the ⑨______ (cooperate) of production, sales and tourism. The park uses social media, online and offline stores, and also live streaming to promote ⑩______ (it),expanding the business across and outside China.
4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research shows that the average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 in China in 2019 was 485,000 yuan for a first child, ①______ is far more than ②______ in the United States and Japan. The high cost of child-raising is one more ③______ (difficult) Chinese policymakers face while ④______ (deal) with rapidly decreasing birth rates. Experts warn China's aging population will put pressure ⑤______ its health and social security systems. A decrease in workers could also ⑥______ (severe) limit growth for the world's second-largest economy in the coming years.
New ⑦______ (policy) permit families to have as many as three children. But China's birth rate dropped to 7.52 births per 1,000 people in 2021. That is the ⑧______ (low) since the National Bureau of Statistics began recording the information in 1949. The high costs of raising a child ⑨______ (cause) officials in China to place restrictions on the private tutoring industry in the last few years. Some areas have been giving couples money for having ⑩______ second or third child.
5.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People who drink a lot of sugary drinks have a high risk of developing cancer, researchers announced last week. ①_______, the evidence cannot confirm a direct connection ②_______ the two. The researchers said the findings suggest that ③_______ (limit) the amount of sugar-sweetened drinks may help ④_______ (significant)reduce the number of cancer cases. Drinking sugary drinks ⑤_______ (become) more common worldwide in the last several decades, Sugar drinks are linked to obesity, the condition of being overweight ⑥_______ increases a person's cancer risk .
The study ⑦_______ (publish)in The BMJ British medical journal looked at data from just over 100,000 French adults. The researchers noted how many sugary drinks each of them had, and followed them for up to nine years. The researchers evaluated the ⑧_______ (possible)of all types of cancer.
The scientists found that a 100-milliliter increase in sugary drinks ⑨_______ (link)to an 18 percent increased risk of overall cancer and a 22 percent increased risk of breast cancer. The researchers looked at those who drank fruity juices and other sweet drinks. They all showed a ⑩_______ (high) risk of cancer overall than those who didn't.
6.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China already possesses the world's ①______(large) high-speed railway network, and it will only become more ②______ (ambition), according to the country's new Five-Year Plan. But it's not just the railroads that are extending. China may also get a major boost ③______ the speed of its bullet trains. A maglev train recently launched at Southwest Jiaotong University in Chengdu, Sichuan Province ④______ (aim) to set a new speed record for trains. The current record of 603 kilometers per hour ⑤______ (hold) by Japan's SCMaglev. China's answer to it is 620.
This maglev train displays ⑥______ is known as "high-temperature superconductive " technology, or HTS. It takes advantage of two unique ⑦______ (property) of high-temperature superconductors: the "Meissner effect" which allows a superconductor to completely resist the magnetic fields around it, and "flux pinning(能量锁住)," which keeps the superconductor steady above ⑧______ (it) magnetic tracks, so it never falls off.
Professor Jin Zhaohui, at the university's Design Institute, said that they could push the train's speed limit even further to possibly 1, 500 kilometers per hour in special tubes or tunnels. But for now, ⑨______ key is to put its ⑩______ (design) 620-kilometers-per-hour top speed to the test, and Jin and Deng have their teams working together to build a 40-kilometer-long test track outside Chengdu.
7.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Countless visitors to the Forbidden City are quickly attracted by its architectural splendor. Covering some 720, 000 square meters and ①_______(official) known as the Palace Museum, it was home ②_______ royal families of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Many legends and stories lie behind its red walls and under the golden ③_______ (roof).
In 2020, when the 600th anniversary of the venue's ④_______ (complete)was marked with an exhibition, an archaeological project ⑤_______ (launch) in October in the western part of the palace compound. The work has been relatively low profile, but discoveries may reveal that the Forbidden City was once even more magnificent ⑥_______ it is today.
⑦_______ (stand)in front of the archaeological site, visitors can easily form a picture of one of the palaces in the compound based on the bricks and stones. Archaeologists have unearthed four square underground foundations made from bricks in the early Ming Dynasty. The foundations were used ⑧_______ (support)columns.
Wu Wei, an archaeologist working at the site, said the 1.6-m-high foundations are about 4.4 meters wide, making them the biggest column footings ⑨_______ (find) in archaeological excavations(挖掘)in China. If a foundation is so huge, just imagine ⑩_______ grand and tall the column above would be. They may uncover a splendid construction from the early Ming Dynasty that was much bigger than the existing ones in the Forbidden City.
8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Detecting strong X-ray flares beaming from the center of a black hole is nothing new. But detecting light signals from behind one is a different story. That's ①_____ the force of gravity in a black hole is so severe that nothing that goes in can come out. No scientist has managed ②_____(find)light from beyond until now.
In contrast ③_____ what their name implies, supermassive(特大质量的)black holes can be one of the brightest sources of continuous light in the universe. Their ④_____(extremely)gravity brings in all kinds of material around them. Little is known about supermassive black hole coronas, so scientists turned to black hole I Zwicky 1, ⑤_____ lies 100 million light years from Earth, to investigate the beams shooting out.
Scientists ⑥_____(detect)smaller X-ray "echoes" around the supermassive black hole, in addition to the expected flares. The obvious light characteristics of these pulsing beams indicated that they were the same X-ray flares, but reflected from the back side, ⑦_____(mean)the supermassive black hole's gravity must have actually abnormal space-time, thus bending the beams around in a detectable direction by specialized telescopes. The ⑧_____(finding), published in Nature, support a key ⑨_____(predict)from Einstein's theory of general relativity.
This is the ⑩_____(one)research to confirm what the famous physicist predicted more than half a century ago.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1. countries2. consideration/considerations3. between4. the5. was diagnosed6. extremely7. to limit8. scary9. finding10. where
解析：
这是-篇议论文,作者通过自身的事例说明生活要有勇气,直面生活中的恐惧并找到战胜恐惧的勇气,生活会十分精彩。
[小题1]考查名词复数。句意:我从很小的时候,就梦想在世界上某些最困难的国家里为联合国工作。country是可数名词,结合空前的some可知,此处应用复数形式。故填countries。
[小题2]考查名词。句意:它是坚韧不移的深思和脚踏实地的努力的结果,需要恐惧和勇敢之间的平衡。空处应填名词作宾语,consideration"仔细考虑,深思"用作可数或不可数名词均可。故填consideration(s)。
[小题3]考查介词。句意:它是坚韧不移的深思和脚踏实地的努力的结果,需要恐惧和勇敢之间的平衡。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语between.. and...意为".... .....之间"。故填between。
[小题4]考查定冠词。句意:没有勇气,我们永远无法踏入未知的世界。"the +形容词"表-类人或事物,the unknown表示"未知的世界"。故填the。
[小题5]考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:三年前,我被诊断出患有一种叫做HIBM的疾病, 它影响了我从头到脚的所有肌肉。根据时间状语three years ago可知,句子是讲述过去发生的事情,且主语1和动词diagnose之间是被动关系, 应用-般过去时的被动语态,be diagnosed with .. .被诊断患有某疾病,主语是I, be动词用was。 故填was diagnosed.[小题6]考查副词。句意:但最令人沮丧的是,我听到别人建议我要抑制自己的野心和梦想。修饰形容词化的分词disheartening应用副词形式。故填extremely。
[小题7]考查动词不定式。句意:但最令人沮丧的是,我听到别人建议我要抑制自己的野心和梦想。advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事,固定短语。故填to limit.
[小题8]考查形容词。句意:生活已经很可怕了,所以为了实现我们的梦想,我们需要勇敢。空处应用形容词作表语,scary可怕的, 恐怖的。故填scary。
[小题9]考查动名词。句意:通过直面我的恐惧并找到克服它们的勇气,我可以发誓,我的人生非常精彩。空处和facing并列, 应用动名词形式作介词In的宾语。故填finding。
[小题10]考查宾语从句。句意:你永远不知道在人生的旅途中它会把你带向何处。空处引导宾语从句,从句结构完整,结合句意可知,此处表示带向何处",用连接副词where引导。故填where。
2.答案：①valleys②Located ③ as ④which ⑤was listed ⑥largest ⑦accounting ⑧completely ⑨a ⑩ themselves
解析： ①考查可数名词的复数。句意：它由"川"字形状的三个主要山谷组成。前面有大于一的数字，所以用复数名词。故填valleys。
②考查过去分词。句意：位于新疆西北部托木尔峰脚下，又称"库都鲁克大峡谷"，维吾尔语中意为"惊险，神秘"，是通往天山南北古驿道的必经之路。locate和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填Located.
③考查介词。句意：位于新疆西北部托木尔峰脚下，又称"库都鲁克大峡谷"，维吾尔语中意为"惊险，神秘"，是通往天山南北古驿道的必经之路。be known as被称之为，为固定搭配。故填as。
④考查非限制性定语从句。句意：位于新疆西北部托木尔峰脚下，又称"库都鲁克大峡谷"，维吾尔语中意为"惊险，神秘"，是通往天山南北古驿道的必经之路。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填which.
⑤考查时态语态。句意：2013年6月21日，新疆天山被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产。根据时间状语On June 21, 2013，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，list和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为专有名词the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang。故填was listed。
⑥考查形容词最高级。句意：托木尔大峡谷位于天山四大景区中面积最大，占整个景区的59.87%。前面有定冠词，表示"最大的"，所以用形容词最高级。故填largest。
⑦考查现在分词。句意：托木尔大峡谷位于天山四大景区中面积最大，占整个景区的59.87%。account for和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词补充说明。故填accounting。
⑧考查副词。句意：红色的峡谷映衬着远处白雪皑皑的山脉，梦幻般的风景完全让游客迷失在美丽而令人印象深刻的自然景色中。修饰动词，所以用副词。故填completely。
⑨考查冠词。句意：中午穿短袖，晚上可能需要一件羽绒服和其他保暖的衣服。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词。故填a。
⑩考查反身代词。句意：没有旅游巴士服务，但游客可以自己开车去大峡谷或租用巴士。指主语visitors，所以用反身代词themselves, by oneself单独。故填themselves。
3.答案：1. where2. why3. primarily4. referred5. baking6. a7. powerful8. has been built9. cooperation10. itself
解析：
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新疆特色食品攮和及产业化发展现状。
【小题1】考查定语从句。句意:在新疆,无论你走到哪里,无论是在天山的北边还是南边,你都会看到一些卖酥脆可口的馕的小摊。分析句子可知,空格处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词sads,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,表示"在这些小摊上",应使用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。
【小题2】考查定语从句。句意:这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里的少数民族中流行,是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。分析句子可知,空格处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词reason, the reason for,表示"由于这个原因"。故填for。
【小题3】考查副词。句意:虽然馕是圆的,主要由面粉制成,但也不尽相同。根据句意可知,提示词修饰动词短语made of,应用副词primarily,意为主要"。故填primarily。
【小题4】考查非谓语动词。句意:最大的馕,被称为emanke,和新疆的传统食物一样大,现在越来越多的人用环保的烤箱烤。分析句子可知,refer作后置定语修饰名词nang,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语nang之间是被动关系,表示被称为",所以应用过去分词表示被动。故填referred。
【小题5】考查非谓语动词。句意:最大的馕,被称为emanke,和新疆的传统食物一样大,现在越来越多的人用环保的烤箱烤。"with more people _5_(bake) the bread in environmentally-friendly ovens now"是with复合结构,提示词在句中作宾语补足语,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,应用现去分词表示主动。故填baking。
【小题6】考查冠词。句意:新疆的馕产业也在减贫中发挥了关键作用,旨在创造一个更具创新性和更强大的产业发展氛围。play a role in为固定短语,意为"在.…起作用",又因空格后key音标中的第一个单节是辅音音素/k/,所以应使用不定冠词a限定。故填a。
【小题7】考查形容词。句意:新疆的攮产业也在减贫中发挥了关键作用,旨在创造一个更具创新性和更强大的产业发展氛围。根据句意,提示词作定语修饰名词mood,应用形容词powerful,。意为强大的'。故填powerful。
【小题8】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:最近,许多城市都建起了馕文化产业园。分析句子可知,bud是句中谓语动词,与主语Nang cultural industrial parks.之间是被动关系,结合时间状语recently,应使用现在完成时态,又因主语是复数名词,所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上,谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态,复数形式。故填have been built。
【小题9】考查名词。句意:其中,阿克苏公园是生产、销售和旅游合作的独特典范。根据句意和空格前定冠词the可知,应使用名词cooperation作宾语,意为"合作",抽象名词不可数。故填cooperation。
【小题10】考查代词。句意:该园区利用社交媒体、线上和线下商店,以及直播来推广其产品,将业务扩展到中国各地和海外。根据句意可知,提示词作定语修饰名词products,应用形容词性物主代词its,意为它的"。故填its。
4.答案：①which②that③difficulty④dealing⑤on⑥severely⑦policies⑧lowest⑨have caused⑩a
解析：①考查定语从句。句意：一项新的研究表明，2019年中国抚养第一个孩子到18岁的平均费用为48.5万元人民币，远远高于美国和日本。分析句子结构可知。_____ is far more than _______ in the United States and Japan是非限制性定语从句, 先行词是485,000 yuan，在从句中做主语，指物，用关系代词which。故填which。
②考查代词。句意：见第①题详解。此处考查代词that，指代上文特指的同类事物the average cost。表示"那"的意思。故填that。
③考查名词。句意：养育孩子的高成本是中国政策制定者在面临解决出生率迅速下降问题的同时的又一个困难。分析句子结构可知，空格前面有one more修饰，所以这里需要可数名词单数形式做表语，表示"困难的事情"的意思。故填difficulty。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：见第③题详解。分析句子结构可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句省略句，从句主语Chinese policymakers与从句谓语动词deal是主动关系，从句谓语用be doing形式，从句主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词，常省略从句的主语和be动词，所以用现在分词形式表示主动。故填dealing。
⑤考查固定搭配。句意：专家警告说，中国的老龄化人口将给中国的健康和社会保障体系带来压力。固定搭配put pressure on...表示"把压力放在……上"的意思。故填on。
⑥考查副词。句意：工人数量的减少也会严重限制这个世界第二大经济体未来几年的增长。本句话需要副词severely作状语修饰动词limit. 故填severely。
⑦考查名词复数。句意：新的政策允许一个家庭最多有3个孩子。policy是可数名词，前面没有限定词修饰，结合谓语permit是复数形式，所以主语要用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填policies。
⑧考查最高级。句意：这是自从1949年国家统计局开始记录这些信息以来的最低水平。low兼具名词和形容词词性，前面有the修饰，所以要用形容词low的最高级形式，the lowest做表语，表示"最低水平"，相当于名词。故填lowest。
⑨考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，抚养一个孩子的高昂费用已经导致中国官员对私人家教行业进行了限制。句子有时间状语in the last few years,所以谓语要用现在完成时。主语是costs,所以助动词用复数have.故填have caused。
⑩考查冠词。句意：一些地区还给夫妻钱来再养第二或第三个孩子。分析句子意思可知，序数词前用不定冠词，表示"再一，又一"的意思。故填a。
5.答案：1. However2. between3. limiting4. significantly5. has become6. which/that7. published
8. possibility/possibilities9. was linked10. higher
解析：
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项研究发现含糖饮料与癌症可能有关联。
【小题1】考查副词。句意:然而,证据无法证实两者之间的直接联系。分析句子结构可知,此空用副词。上句提到研究发现喝大量含糖饮料的人患癌症的风险很高,结合此句句意,可知两句话之间是转折关系,表示转折,放在句首,且有逗号隔开。故填However。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:参见上题。固定搭配connection between A and B"A和B之间的联系",此句表示两者之间的联系。故填between。
【小题3】考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员说,研究结果表明,限制含糖饮料的数量可能有助于显著减少癌症病例。分析句子结构可知,此空用动词的适当形式做主语,且表示的是一种事实,所以用动名词形式。故填limiting。
【小题4】考查副词。句意:参见上题。此空用副词修饰动词reduce。故填significantly。
【小题5】考查时态。句意:在过去的几十年里,喝含糖饮料在世界范围内变得越来越普遍。此空是动词做谓语,根据时间状语in the last several decades,可知此处用现在完成时态,主语是动名词drinking,是第三人称单数。故填has become。
【小题6】考查定语从句。句意:糖类饮料与肥胖有关,肥胖是一种增加人患癌症风险的超重状态。分析句子结构和句意可知,此空引导定语从句,先行词是the condition,指物,在从句中充当主语,所以可以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:这项发表在英国医学杂志BMJ上的研究调查了超10万名法国成年人的数据。分析句子结构可知,此句已有谓语动词looked,此空应用非谓语动词。结合句意,此空是the study"研究"的定语,且研究是"被发表",所以此空用过去分词。故填published。
【小题8】考查名词。句意:研究人员评估了所有类型癌症的可能性。此空前有定冠词the,此空应用名词作动词evaluated的宾语。名词possibility表示抽象的"可能"时,是不可数名词,所以此处用possibility;表示具体的"可能性;可能发生的事",是可数名词,结合空后定语"所有的癌症类型",表示的复数含义,对应的是复数的"可能性",所以用possibility的复数possibilities。故填possibility/ possibilities。
【小题9】考查时态和固定搭配。句意:科学家们发现,含糖饮料增加100毫升,患癌症的风险增加18%,患乳腺癌的风险增加22%。此空是动词做谓语,根据句意,描述的是过去的研究结果,应用一般过去时。再根据固定搭配be linked to"和……有关",主语是第三人称单数a 100-milliliter increase。故填was linked。
【小题10】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们都显示出比那些不喝含糖饮料的人患癌症的风险更高。此空用形容词作名词risk的定语,再根据此句中than,可知此处用形容词的比较级。故填higher。
6.答案：1. largest2. ambitious3. in4. aims5. is held6. what7. properties8. its9. the10. designed
解析：
这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了中国正在研制的高速磁悬浮列车。
【小题1】考查形容词最高级。句意:中国已经拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网,根据中国新的五年规划,它只会变得更加雄心勃勃。根据句意及空前的the world's"可知,此处指"世界上最大的高速铁路网',应用形容词最高级。故填largest。
【小题2】考查形容词。句意:中国已经拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网,根据中国新的五年规划,它只会变得更加雄心勃勃。become在句中用作连系动词,空处应用形容词作表语。ambitious有野心的,雄心勃勃的。故填ambitious。
【小题3】考查介词。句意:中国的子弹头列车的速度可能他会大幅提高。a boost in.在……方面的提高,固定搭配。故填in。
【小题4】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:近日,四川成都西南交通大学推出了一款磁悬浮列车,旨在创造新的列车速度纪录。空处是谓语动词,结合句意可知,此处是描述一个一般性事实,应用一般现在时,主语A maglev train是名词单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填aims。
【小题5】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:目前的纪录是每小时603公里,由日本的SCMaglev保持。结合句意可知,句子是描述事实,应用一般现在时,主语The current record和动词hold(保持)之间是被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是名词单数,be动词用is。故填tis held。
【小题6】考查宾语从句。句意:这种磁悬浮列车展示了所谓的"高温超导"技术,或称HTS。空处引导一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,表示"被称作高温超导技术的东西",应用what引导。故填what。
【小题7】考查名词复数。句意:它利用了高温超导体的两种独特特性。property(特征)是可数名词,由two可知应用复数形式。故填properties.
【小题8】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:"迈斯纳效应"可以让超导体完全抵抗周围的磁场,"能量锁住可以让超导体在磁迹上方保持稳定,所以它永远不会脱落。空处修饰名词tracks,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【小题9】考查定冠词。句意:但就目前而言,关键是将其设计的620公里每小时的最高速度投入测试,金和邓让他们的团队合作在成都以外修建一条40公里长的测试跑道。key意为"关键',前面应加定冠词表示特指。故填the。
【小题10】考查过去分词。句意:但就目前而言,关键是将其设计的620公里每小时的最高速度投入测试,金和邓让他们的团队合作在成都以外修建一条40公里长的测试跑道。动词design(设计)和speed之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,表示"被设计的620公里每小时的最高速度"。故填designed。
7.答案：1. officially2. to3. pletion5. was launched6. than7. Standing8. to support9. found10. how
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物馆的情况,介绍了其历史以及建筑特点。
【小题1】考查副词。句意:它占地约7000平方米,正式名称为故宫博物院,是明清两代皇室的家。修饰known/应用副词officially,作状语。故填officially。
【小题2】考查介词。句意:它占地约7000平方米,正式名称为故宫博物院,是明清两代皇室的家。结合句意表示"是。的家"短语为be home to。故填to。
【小题3】考查名词的数。句意:在它的红墙后面和金色的屋顶下有许多传说和故事。roof为可数名词,此处表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填roof。
【小题4】考查名词。句意:2020年,在故宫建成600周年之际,故宫举办了一场展览,并于10月在故宫西段启动了一项考古项目。作宾语,表示"完成"应用名词completion,不可数。故填completion。
【小题5】考查时态语态。句意:2020年,在故宫建成600周年之际,故宫举了一场展览,并于10月在故宫西段启动了一项考古项目。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文In 2020可知用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为project,谓语用单数。故填was launched。
【小题6】考查比较级。句意:这项工作一直相对低调,但发现可能揭示出紫禁城曾经比今天更宏伟。根据上文even more magnificent可知表示比.."应用than。故填than。
【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:站在考古遗址前,游客可以很容易地根据这些砖块和石头形成一个宫殿的画面。分析句子结构可知stand在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语visitors构成柱动关系,故用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Standing。
【小题8】考查非谓语动词。句意:地基是用来支撑柱子的。结合句意表示"被用来做某事可知短语为be used to do sth。故填to support。
【小题9】考查非谓语动词。句意:在该遗址工作的考古学家吴伟表示,1.6米高的地基约4.4米宽,使它们成为中国考古发掘中发现的最大的柱状地基。此处为make+宾语+宾补结构,the biggest column footings与find构成被动关系,故用过去分词。故填found。
【小题10】考查宾语从句。句意:如果一个地基这么大,想象一下上面的柱子会有多雄伟多高。宾语从句为感叹句,感叹形容词grand and tall应用how。故填how。
8.答案：①because②to find③to④extreme⑤which⑥detected⑦meaning⑧findings⑨prediction⑩first
解析：①考查表语从句。句意：这是因为黑洞中的引力是如此之大，以至于任何进入黑洞的东西都不可能出来。根据后文"the force of gravity in a blackhole is so severe that nothing that goes in can come out"内容，可知是表原因，此处用用because引导表语从句。故填because。
②考查不定式。句意：到目前为止，还没有一位科学家能从远处找到光。固定短语manage to do sth.意为"设法做某事"。故填to find。
③考查介词。句意：与他们的名字所暗示对比，超大质量的黑洞可能是宇宙中最明亮的连续光源之一。固定短语in contrast to"与……对比"。故填to。
④考查形容词。句意：它们极端的重力会把各种各样的物质带到周围。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词gravity，用形容词形式extreme,作前置定语。故填extreme。
⑤考查非限制性定语从句。句意：人们对超大质量黑洞日冕知之甚少，因此科学家们转向距离地球1亿光年的黑洞I Zwicky 1号来研究射出的光束。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词blackhole I Zwicky 1在从句lies 100 million light years from Earth作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
⑥考查动词时态。句意：除了预期的耀斑外，科学家还发现了超大质量黑洞周围较小的X射线"回声"。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，结合下文动词indicated可知，用一般过去时，detected发现。故填detected。
⑦考查现在分词。句意：这些脉冲光束的明显光特性表明它们是相同的X射线耀斑，但从背面反射，这意味着超大质量黑洞的引力实际上一定具有异常时空，从而使光束在专业望远镜可检测的方向上弯曲。分析句子结构，可知此处用非谓语动词，结合mean和前面句子构成主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语。故填meaning。
⑧考查名词复数。句意：这些发现发表在《自然》杂志上，支持爱因斯坦广义相对论的一个关键预测。根据谓语动词support的形式可知，此处主语应该用名词复数形式，findings"发现"。故填findings。
⑨考查名词。句意：这些发现发表在《自然》杂志上，支持爱因斯坦广义相对论的一个关键预测。根据空格前的冠词和形容词可知，此处应该用名词，prediction"预测"，符合题意。故填prediction。
⑩考查序数词。句意：这是第一项证实这位著名物理学家半个多世纪前预言的研究。空格前有定冠词，此处表示"第一个"，应用序数词。故填first。2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十一 考点15 语法填空（B卷）
1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ice fishing is the practice of catching fish through an opening in the ice on a frozen body of water. For safety, it ①_______(recommend) that ice fishermen should go out with 4 inches of good ice for walking. And walking on ②_______ (thin) ice than this can be dangerous sometimes.
There are two things common to all ice fishermen: patience and ③_______ (resist) to cold weather. Ice fishers may fish in the open or in shelters ④_______ there may be chairs, a heater and a television. However, even in shelters, ice fishing is surely not ⑤_______ comfortable sport when you're fishing in ⑥_______ (terrible) freezing temperatures. When most fishermen have their fishing equipment ⑦_______ (store) in the basement for the winter, ice fishermen pull out their equipment for an adventure.
Ice fishing ⑧_______ (change)a lot over the years. Though it's a fun time for ice fishermen to sit on a chair and wait for the fish to swim by, modern ice fishermen move around the lake quite a bit ⑨_______ search of the catch. Some ice fishermen have been known to drill over 100 holes per day, ⑩_______ (attempt) to locate the fish.
2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With Eileen Gu ①_____ (win) the gold medal in the women's freestyle skiing big air competition at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, one of the ②_____ (factor) that has drawn ③_____ (globe) attention is her education. Apart from skiing, the 18-year -old athlete has a successful career in modeling and ④_____ (gain) admission to Stanford in December, 2021.
Now, many parents in China owe Eileen Gu's success ⑤_____ her mom. But parents trying to turn their children into another Eileen Gu may be disappointed to find the cut-and-paste function does not work in real life. We should acknowledge that economic status plays ⑥_____ important role in a person's development. Sports take a lot ⑦_____ (much) than a pen and some paper. Young athletes take private lessons, buy equipment, and pay entry fees to compete in tournaments. All add up and become costly. Yet all of these are nothing ⑧_____ (compare) with skiing. Eileen was fortunate to have all the stars in the direction of her success. For many Chinese parents, ⑨_____they often fail to realize is that financial, academic and social resources ⑩_____ (need) to ensure their children achieve success.
3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With five thousand years of creative efforts, the Chinese cuisine has become increasingly popular.
Modern China enjoys a worldwide reputation as the "kingdom of cuisine. " The endless variety of natural materials ①______ methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world, which may account for the ②______(universe) popularity of Chinese restaurants and cooking overseas. The three key elements, by ③______ Chinese cooking is judged, are known as "color, aroma and taste. "They are achieved by combining a series of delicate ④______(activity). Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for a table of eight people ⑤______(consist)of cold and hot dishes, with soup and steamed rice. Often beer and wine ⑥______(serve)as well. When toasting each other, people usually dry up their glasses ⑦______(convey)the message that they are sincere and joyful. ⑧______, it is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take a little instead of emptying the glass.
While the custom strikes a foreign visitor as ⑨______(particular) strange, it shows one key aspect that fine food and good drink, ⑩______ (take) in the company of good friends, make up one of our supreme pleasures in life.
4.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The "Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics Night" gala was held on Monday in Rome. Over a hundred guests from Italian political, cultural, and business circles ①______ (attend) the event, including Riccardo Sessa, ②______ served as Italian ambassador to China during the Beijing Olympics, and Patrizia Prestipino, representative of the Sports Commission of the Italian Chamber of Deputies.
Sessa said in his speech in 2008 he personally witnessed the grand occasion of China hosting the Olympic Games and he ③______ (touch) by the Chinese people's concerted efforts. Athletes from all over the world have also achieved great success in Beijing, he added, ④______ (say) the Olympic spirit is not only international friendship, brotherhood and sisterhood, ⑤______it is a competition and breakthrough as well. This ancient Olympic spirit, he said, will be passed on in Beijing.
"Today we are gathered here to support the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. I firmly believe that ⑥______ (it) opening ceremony and the entire Games will be as beautiful and ⑦______ (success) as the 2008 Summer Olympics," Sessa said.
A guzheng instrumental performance, tea art ceremony and other ⑧______ (event) staged at the gala were ⑨______ (warm) welcomed by the Italian guests. The Beijing 2022 venues and Beijing scenery were demonstrated through videos.
The gala was jointly organized by the Italian China in Italia magazine and the China Tourist Office ⑩______ Rome.
5.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
To solve the problem of scanning codes for residents ①______ smart phones, especially the elderly, the government of the Meilisi Daur district of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang province has worked with local public security departments ②______ (promote) the "reverse scanning (反向扫码)".
A card with a personalized QR code ③______ (show) before residents enter a facility and staff from the facility should scan the code with ④______ application.
"In the past, I often felt embarrassed when I visited a public place because I didn't own a smart phone and I didn't know how to scan codes, either," said Gao Changyong, 73, a ⑤______ (retire) worker. "I had to wait for the staff to write down my information, which caused much more ⑥______ (convenience) than scanning codes."
"Sometimes we had to queue up outside, which was insufferable, especially in the ⑦______ (extreme) cold winter," he said. "Therefore, daily ⑧______ (supply) were sent to me by my children so I could avoid going out."
"When the community worker told me the new method, I was really happy and immediately ⑨______ (submit) my application," he said. "I received the card just a few days later, ⑩______that made my life more efficient."
6.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Besides oceans, glacier ice is the largest source of water on earth. A glacier is a sheet of ice that moves ①_______(it) under the influence of gravity. Some glaciers travel down mountains or valleys, ②_______ others spread across a large expanse of land. ③_______ (heavy) glaciated regions such as Greenland and Antarctica are called continental glaciers. These two ice sheets account ④_______ more than 95 percent of the earth's glacial ice. The Greenland ice is so heavy that much of the region ⑤_______ (press) below sea level so far. Smaller glaciers that occur at higher altitudes are called valley or alpine glaciers (山岳冰川). Another way of ⑥_______ (classify) glaciers is in terms of their internal temperature. In temperate glaciers, the ice within the glacier is near its melting point.
The ⑦_______ (major) of the earth's glaciers are located near the poles, though glaciers exist on all continents, including Africa and Oceania. Glaciers ⑧_______ (form) in high alpine regions generally result from cold temperatures throughout the year. The weight and pressure of ice accumulation causes glacier movement. As a glacier moves, it carves out ⑨_______ U-shaped valley similar to a riverbed, but with much steeper walls and a ⑩_______ (flat)bottom.
7.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Friendship is one of life's greatest gifts, and it ①_____(value) in both Eastern and Western cultures. One of the most famous sayings about friendship in China can be found in the words of Confucius: "Isn't it ②_____ joy when friends visit from faraway places "
In the U.K., there is an ③_____(equal) famous poem about friendship. It reminds people ④_____(remember) and value old friendships, as they look to the years ahead. That poem is Auld Lang Syne.
"Auld Lang Syne" is Scots and translates word for word as "old long since", ⑤_____(mean) "days gone by". The poem was written by the great Scottish poet Robert Burns. It was printed in 1796, just after Burns's death. And over the years it has become the song that is so familiar ⑥_____ us today.
⑦_____(joy) but at the same time a bit sad, Auld Lang Syne has featured in many films, including Waterloo Bridge, the film ⑧_____ made the song widely known to Chinese audience.
Today, Auld Lang Syne has been translated into many different languages, and is one of the world's best-loved songs. It's played at parties, ⑨_____(celebration), festivals, and even at some shopping centers at closing time. Whatever language or occasion, it has become a symbol of friendship and ⑩_____(share) experience—whether we can sing it or not.
8.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Earlier this year, China launched a three-person crew for a six-month mission aboard its space station. The mission aimed to set ①_______ new record for the length of time ②_______ (spend) in space by Chinese astronauts. The Shenzhou-13 spaceship ③_______ (carry) the three astronauts was launched by a Long March- 2 F rocket at 12:25 a.m. on Oct.16th.
The new crew ④_______ (include) two veterans of space travel: Zhai Zhigang and Wang Yaping, the only woman on the mission, and Ye Guangfu, ⑤_______ made his first trip to space. Their scheduled ⑥_______ (activity) mainly consisted of up to three spacewalks to install equipment in preparation ⑦_______ expanding the station, assessing living conditions in the module and conducting experiments in space medicine and other fields.
China's space program plans to send multiple crews to the station over the next few years to make it ⑧_______ (full) functional.Shenzhou-13 was the fifth mission to the station, including trips without crews ⑨_______ (deliver)supplies.
The same day China renewed its ⑩_______ (commit)to cooperation with other nations in the peaceful use of space.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1. is recommended2. thinner3. resistance4. where5. a6. terribly7. stored8. has changed9. in10. attempting
解析：
这是一篇说明文。冰钓指在结冰的水体上,通过冰面上的开口捕鱼。为了安全,建议冰钓者外出时在4英寸厚的冰上行走,在比这更薄的冰面上行走有时会很危险。文章主要介绍了冰上捕鱼的特点和这些年所发生的一些变化。
【1题详解】考查固定句型。句意:为了安全,建议冰钓者外出时在4英寸厚的冰上行走。此处为固定句型it is recommended that., it作形式主语。故填is recommended。
【2题详解】考查比较级。句意:在比这更薄的冰面上行走有时会很危险。根据后文than this可知thin应用比较级形式。故填thinner.
【3题详解】考查名词。句意:所有冰上捕鱼者都有两件事:耐心和对寒冷天气的抵抗力。根据上文patience and可知应用名词,表示"抵抗力"应用resistance,表抽象概念,不可数。故填resistance。
【4题详解】考查定语从句。句意:冰钓者可以在露天或有椅子、暖气和电视的庇护所钓鱼。此处为定语从句修饰先行词shelters,先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【5题详解】考查冠词。句意:然而,即使是在庇护所里,当你在极冷的温度下钓鱼时,冰上钓鱼肯定不是一项舒适的运动。spot为可数名词,此处表泛指应用不定冠词,且comfortable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故填a。
【6题详解】考查副词。句意:然而,即使是在庇护所里,当你在极冷的温度下钓鱼时,冰上钓鱼肯定不是一项舒适的运动。修饰后文形容词freezing应用副词terribly,作状语。故填terribly。
【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当大多数渔民把他们的钓鱼设备储存在地下室过冬时,冰钓渔民拿出他们的设备来冒险。此处为"have+宾语+宾补"结构,store与fishing equipment构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填stored。
【8题详解】考查动词时态。句意:这些年来,冰上捕鱼已经发生了很大的变化。根据后文over the years可知应用现在完成时,主语为Ice fishing,助动词用has。故填has changed。
【9题详解】考查介词。句意:虽然对冰渔夫来说,坐在椅子上等待鱼儿游过是一件很有趣的事情,但现代的冰渔夫经常会在湖上四处走动,寻找猎物。结合句意表示"寻找"可知短语为in search of。故填in。
【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据悉,一些冰上渔民每天钻100多个洞,试图找到鱼的位置。分析句子结构可知attempt在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语fishermen构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填attempting。
2.答案：①winning②factors③global④gained⑤to⑥an⑦more⑧compared⑨what⑩needed
解析：①考查现在分词。句意：随着谷爱凌在北京2022年冬奥会女子自由式滑雪空中大比武中获得金牌，引起全球关注的因素之一是她的教育。分析句子可知，此处考查"with+宾语+宾语补足语"复合结构，Eileen Gu与win之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语，解释说明宾语。故填winning。
②考查可数名词的复数。句意：随着谷爱凌在北京2022年冬奥会女子自由式滑雪空中大比武中获得金牌，引起全球关注的因素之一是她的教育。one of后跟可数名词的复数形式，factors是factor的复数形式。故填factors。
③考查形容词。句意：随着谷爱凌在北京2022年冬奥会女子自由式滑雪空中大比武中获得金牌，引起全球关注的因素之一是她的教育。分析句子可知此处是填形容词做定语修饰名词attention，global是形容词"全球的"。故填global。
④考查时态。句意：这位18岁的运动员在模特生涯中取得了成功，并于2021年12月获得了斯坦福大学的录取通知书。根据时间状语"in December, 2021"可知本句应该用过去时。故填gained。
⑤考查固定短语。句意：现在，中国的许多父母把谷爱凌的成功归功于她的母亲。owe...to...是固定短语，表示"归功于"，根据句意。故填to。
⑥考查冠词。句意：我们应该承认经济地位对一个人的发展起着重要作用。play a part in是固定短语，表示"起作用"，因为被important修饰，important开头发元音，应该用an。故填an。
⑦考查固定短语。句意：体育运动需要的远不止一支笔和一些纸。more than是固定短语"不仅仅，不止"，根据句意。故填more。
⑧考查过去分词。句意：然而，与滑雪相比，所有这些都算不了什么。分析句子可知，compare"比较"作状语，主语all与谓语动词compare之间是被动关系，用过去分词做状语，compared with是固定短语，表示"与……相比较"。故填compared。
⑨考查主语从句，句意：对许多中国父母来说，他们往往没有意识到，确保孩子取得成功需要财政、学术和社会资源，分析句子可知本句是主语从句，从句中缺少句子的宾语，应该用what引导。故填what。
⑩考查过去分词。句意：对许多中国父母来说，他们往往没有意识到，确保孩子取得成功需要财政、学术和社会资源。分析句子可知，need作定语，修饰resources，resources与动词need之间是被动关系，用过去分词做定语。故填needed。
3.答案：①and②universal③which④activities⑤consists⑥are served⑦to convey⑧However⑨particularly⑩taken
解析：①考查连词。句意：中国烹饪中使用的天然材料和烹饪方法种类繁多，举世无双，这可能是中国餐馆和烹饪在海外普遍流行的原因。结合句意可知，此处前后为并列关系。故填and。
②考查形容词。句意：中国烹饪中使用的天然材料和烹饪方法种类繁多，举世无双，这可能是中国餐馆和烹饪在海外普遍流行的原因。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词popularity。故填universal。
③考查定语从句。句意：判断中国烹饪的三个关键要素是"色、香、味"。此处引导定语从句，先行词为three key elements,在从句中作介词by的宾语。故填which。
④考查可数名词的复数。句意：它们是通过结合一系列微妙的活动来实现的。activity为可数名词，空前有a series of修饰，故用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
⑤考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：来到中国的游客通常会感到惊讶，一桌八个人的典型晚餐包括冷热菜肴、汤和米饭。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为a typical dinner，谓语动词用三单形式。故填consists。
⑥考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：通常也供应啤酒和葡萄酒。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时,主语beer and wine与serve之间是被动关系,且主语为beer and wine,谓语动词用复数形式。故填are served。
⑦考查动词不定式。句意：当人们互相敬酒时，通常会擦干玻璃杯来传达他们真诚和快乐的信息。此处用动词不定式表目的。故填to convey。
⑧考查副词。句意：然而，外宾喝一点而不是倒空杯子是可以接受的。此处前后为转折关系，且有逗号，置于句首，首字母大写。故填However。
⑨考查副词。句意：虽然这一习俗对外国游客来说特别奇怪，但它显示了一个关键方面，在好朋友的陪伴下，美食和美酒构成了我们生活中最大的乐趣之一。此处用副词作状语修饰形容词strange。故填particularly。
⑩考查过去分词。句意：虽然这一习俗对外国游客来说特别奇怪，但它显示了一个关键方面，在好朋友的陪伴下，美食和美酒构成了我们生活中最大的乐趣之一。此处为非谓语动词作定语，fine food and good drink与take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填taken。
4.答案：①attended②who③was touched④saying⑤but⑥its⑦successful⑧events⑨warmly⑩in
解析：①考查动词时态。句意：北京奥运会期间，意大利驻华大使里卡多·塞萨、意大利众议院体育委员会代表帕特里齐亚·普雷斯皮诺等意大利政界、文化界、商界人士共百余人出席了开幕式。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填attended。
②考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Riccardo Sessa，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
③考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：塞萨在2008年的演讲中说，我亲眼目睹了中国举办奥运会的盛况，为中国人民的共同努力而感动。根据"in 2008"可知，此处使用一般过去时，主语he和touch为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为he，be动词用was。 故填was touched。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：来自世界各地的运动员也在北京取得了巨大的成功，他补充说，奥林匹克精神是国际友谊、兄弟情谊和姐妹情谊，但它也是一场竞争和突破。空处需填非谓语动词作伴随状语，he和say为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填saying。
⑤考查连词。句意同上。上下文之间形成转折关系，需用连词but连接。故填but。
⑥考查代词。句意：我坚信本届奥运会的开幕式和整个奥运会将会像2008年夏季奥运会一样美丽和成功。修饰名词ceremony需用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
⑦考查形容词。句意同上。空处需填形容词作表语。故填successful。
⑧考查名词。句意：晚会上的古筝演奏、茶艺表演等活动受到意大利嘉宾的热烈欢迎。event为可数名词，other后面需加名词复数形式。故填events。
⑨考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词were welcomed,需用副词作状语。故填warmly。
⑩考查介词。句意：此次盛典由意大利杂志《意大利中国》和中国驻罗马旅游局联合举办。"in Rome"的意思是"在罗马"。故填in。
5.答案：①without②promote③will be shown/is shown④an⑤retired⑥inconvenience⑦extremely⑧supplies⑨submitted⑩and
解析：①考查介词。句意：为了解决没有智能手机的居民，特别是老年人的扫码问题，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市美丽斯达斡尔区政府与当地公安部门合作，推动"反扫码"。此处表示"没有只能手机"，需用介词without。故填without。
②考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to promote。
③考查动词时态语态。句意：居民进入设施前，会出示带有个性化二维码的卡片，设施工作人员需要扫描二维码申请。before引导的时间状语从句使用一般现在时，主句可使用一般将来时或者一般现在时，主语A card with a personalized QR code和show为被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填will be shown/is shown。
④考查冠词。句意同上。application为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且application发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
⑤考查形容词。句意：73岁的退休工人高昌勇说："过去，当我去公共场所时，我经常感到尴尬，因为我没有智能手机，也不知道如何扫描代码。"修饰名词worker需用形容词retired作定语。故填retired。
⑥考查名词。句意："我必须等待工作人员写下我的信息，这比扫描代码造成了更多的不便。"此处表示"不便"，需用inconvenience作宾语。 故填inconvenience。
⑦考查副词。句意："有时我们不得不在外面排队，这让人难以忍受，尤其是在极其寒冷的冬天，"他说。修饰形容词cold，需用副词作状语。故填extremely。
⑧考查名词。句意："因此，我的孩子们给我送来了日常用品，这样我就可以避免外出。"supply为可数名词，结合谓语"were"可知，空处需填名词复数形式。故填supplies。
⑨考查动词时态。句意：他说："当社区工作人员告诉我这个新方法时，我非常高兴，立即提交了申请。"空处和was为并列的谓语，需用一般过去时。故填submitted。
⑩考查连词。句意："几天后我就收到了这张卡，这让我的生活更有效率了。"前后两句话为顺承关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。
6.答案：1. itself2. while/but3. Heavily4. for5. has been pressed6. classifying7. majority8. formed9. a10. flatter
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述冰川的形成原因以及世界上的冰川分布情况。
【1题详解】考查代词。句意:冰川是一层在重力作用下移动的冰。根据句意可知,冰川是自己在移动,所以此处用反身代词作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者。故填itself。
【2题详解】考查连词。句意:一些冰川沿着山脉或山谷而下,而另一些则分布在广阔的土地上。根据句意可知,前后句为转折对北比关系,所以用表示转折的连词while或but连接。故填while/but。
【3题详解】考查副词。句意:格陵兰岛和南极洲等严重冰封的地区被称为大陆冰川。修饰形容词glaciated要用副词,句首字母需大写。故填Heavily。
【4题详解】考查介词。句意:这两个冰原占了地球冰川的95%以上。表示"(比例)占.."为固定短语account for,所以空处为介词for。故填for。
【5题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:格陵兰岛的冰是如此之厚重,以至于到目前为止大部分地区都被压在海平面以下。分析可知,主语much of the region和press之间是被动关系,且根据时间状语so far可知,press这一动作从过去持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去,所以要用现在完成时的被动语态,且much of the region表达的是不可数的概念,所以谓语动词也用相应的单数形式。故填has been pressed.
【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:另一种分类冰川的方法是根据它们的内部温度。介词of后面要用动名词作宾语。故填classifying。
【7题详解】考查名词。句意:尽管包括非洲和大洋洲在内的各大洲都有冰川,但地球上的大多数冰川都位于两极附近。分析可知,表示"大多数.."为固定短语the majority of,所以空处应填major的名词形式。故填majority。
【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在高山地区形成的冰川通常是由于常年低温所致。分析可知,句子谓语动词为result from,和form之间无and连接,所以空处为非谓语,form和Glaciers,之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填formed。
【9题详解】考查冠词。句意:随着冰川的移动,它会雕刻出一个类似于河床的心形山谷,但其壁更陡峭,底部更平坦。分析可知,此处"U形山谷"为泛指,所以要用不定冠词,且U-shaped是以辅音音素开头,所用a。故填a。
【10题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意:随着冰川的移动,它会雕刻出一个类似于河床的U形山谷,但其壁更陡峭,底部更平坦。根据句意可知,空处应该用比较级,和空前的much steeper并列,表示"更加平坦"。故填flatter。
7.答案：①is valued ②a ③equally ④to remember ⑤meaning ⑥to ⑦Joyful ⑧which/that ⑨celebrations ⑩shared
解析：①考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 友谊是生命中最珍贵的礼物之一, 东西方文化都重视友谊。分析句子结构可知, 此处是and连接的并列句的谓语动词, 根据上文is可知, 应用一般现在时, 且主语it与谓语动词value为被动关系, 应用被动语态, 主语为it, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is valued。
②考查冠词。句意为: 在中国, 关于友谊的最有名的格言之一能够在孔子语录中找到: "有朋自远方来, 不亦乐乎 "根据句意可知, 此处为抽象名词具体化, 泛指"一件高兴的事情", 应用不定冠词, 且joy的发音是以辅音音素开头, 应用不定冠词a。故填a。
③考查词性转换。句意为: 在英国, 有一首关于友谊的诗也同样著名。此处修饰形容词famous, 应用副词, 作状语。故填equally。
④考查非谓语动词。句意为: 它提醒人们在展望未来的时候, 要记住并珍惜旧日友情。remind sb. to do sth.意为"提醒某人做某事", 为固定短语, 此处应用不定式作宾补。故填o remember。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意为: "Auld Lang Syne"是苏格兰语, 逐字翻译过来就是"old long since", 意思是"逝去的日子"。分析句子结构可知, 句子并列谓语为is和translates, 与设空处无连词连接, 故设空处为非谓语动词, 动词mean和其逻辑主语"old long since"之间为主动关系, 应用现在分词作状语。故填meaning。
⑥考查介词。句意为: 这些年来, 它已经成为今天为人所熟知的歌曲。be familiar to sb.意为"为某人所熟悉", 为固定短语, 故填to。
⑦考查词性转换。句意为: 欢快但同时又有点伤感的《友谊地久天长》在很多电影中都有出现, 包括《魂断蓝桥》, 正是这部电影让这首歌在中国广为人知。根据下文but at the same time a bit sad可知, 此处应用形容词joyful, 句首单词首字母要大写。故填Joyful。
⑧考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词film, 指物, 关系词在从句中作主语, 应用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。
⑨考查名词单复数。句意为: 它在派对、庆祝活动、节日, 甚至在一些购物中心关门的时候播放。分析句子结构可知, 此处作at的宾语, celebration意为"庆祝活动"时为可数名词, 结合上文的parties以及空后的festivals可知, 此处应用名词复数形式。故填celebrations。
⑩考查词性转换。句意为: 无论语言和场合如何, 它已经成为友谊和共同经历的象征—无论我们是否会唱这首歌。此处修饰名词experience, 应用形容词作定语, shared意为"共有的"。故填shared。
8.答案：1. a2. spent3. carrying4. included5. who6. activities7. for8. fully9. to mitment
解析：
(1)a.考查冠词。句意:此次任务旨在创造中国宇航员在太空停留时间的新纪录。record是可数名词,此处表泛指,前面需加不定冠词,new是辅音音素开头,因此不定冠词用a。故填a。
(2)spent .考查过去分词。句意:此次任务旨在创造中国宇航员在太空停留时间的新纪录。分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是aimed,空格处用非谓语形式,time和spend之间是被动关系,因此空格处用过去分词spent表被动。故填spent。
(3)carrying.考查现在分词。句意:10月16日凌晨12点25分,搭载三名宇航员的神舟十三号宇宙飞船由长征二号f型火箭发射升空。分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是was launched,空格处用非谓语形式,spaceship和carry之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动。故填carrying。
(4)included.考查时态。句意:新成员包括两名太空旅行的老兵:翟志刚和王亚平(此次任务中唯一的女性),以及第一次太空之旅的叶光复。通篇时态是一般过去时,因此空格处用过去式included。故填included。
(5)who.考查定语从句的引导词。句意:新成员包括两名太空旅行的老兵:翟志刚和王亚平(此次任务中唯一的女性),以及第一次太空之旅的叶光复。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词Ye Guangfu是人,因此空格处用关系代词who。故填who。
(6)activities.考查名词的复数。句意:他们预定的活动主要包括多达三次的太空行走,以安装设备,为扩大空间站做准备,评估舱内的生活条件,并进行空间医学和其他领域的实验。activity是可数名词,前面无冠词,空格处用复数activities。故填activities。
(7)for.考查固定短语和介词。句意:他们预定的活动主要包括多达三次的太空行走,以安装设备,为扩大空间站做准备,评估舱内的生活条件,并进行空间医学和其他领域的实验。in preparation for是固定短语,意为"为……作准备",因此空格处是介词for。故填for。
(8)fully.考查副词。句意:中国的太空计划在未来几年内将多名宇航员送入国际空间站,使其充分发挥作用。空格处用副词修饰形容词functional, full的副词是fully,意为"充分地"。故填fully。
(9)to deliver.考查不定式。句意:神舟十三号是空间站的第五次任务,包括在没有宇航员的情况下运送物资。trips后跟不定式作后置定语,因此空格处是不定式to deliver。故填to deliver。
(10)commitment.考查名词。句意:同一天,中国重申了与其他国家在和平利用空间方面合作的承诺。its后跟名词作renew的宾语,commit的名词是commitment,意为"承诺",是可数名词,由"to cooperation with other nations in the peaceful use of space"可知,此处是一个承诺,因此空格处用单数。故填commitment。
