2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文（C卷）
1.You are a member in a full-time school called "life", Each day here you will have the opportunity to learn lessons. You may like the lessons or hate them, but you have designed them as part of your curriculum.
Why are you here What is your purpose Humans have sought to discover the meaning of life for a very long time. What we and our ancestors have to overlook is that there is no answer. The meaning of life is different for every individual.
Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's. As you are travelling your life path, you will be presented with numerous lessons you will need to learn in order to achieve that purpose. The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life.
As you are travelling through your lifetime, you may meet challenging lessons that others don't have to face, while others spend years struggling with challenges that you don't need to deal with. You may never know why you are blessed with a wonderful marriage, while your friends suffer painful divorces, just as you cannot be sure why you struggle financially while your peers enjoy abundance. The only thing you can count on is that you will be presented with all the lessons that you specifically need to learn.
The challenge, therefore, is to connect yourself with your own unique path by learning individual lessons. This is one of the most difficult challenges you will face in your lifetime, as sometimes your path will be different from others'. But don't compare your path with that of people around you and focus on the differences between their lessons and yours. You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.
Our sense of fairness is the expectation of equality. Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you. Everyone's circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.
1. According to the passage, how can the meaning of your life be realized
A. Gathering different opinions from others.
B. Taking the distinct path from others'.
C. Learning the lessons presented to you.
D. Doing the different things from others'.
2. From the passage we can conclude _____.
A. everyone has his own track to follow
B. unexpected things usually happen to the peers
C. a painful divorce must lie in financial problems
D. a wealthy man must have a wonderful marriage
3. In your lifetime, the lessons you are faced with _____.
A. are beyond your power
B. stop you from growing
C. limit your development
D. help you with your success
4. Which of the following is TRUE
A. All things are equal.
B. You should learn to deal with specific problems differently from others.
C. One has to fix his mind on the unfairness of circumstances.
D. You can complain life is unfair whenever possible.
2. According to the Study Abroad Trend Report for 2018, conducted by Chinese education website , the number of Chinese students who study abroad to gain a bachelor's degree or below is rising, and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years.
Du Xiying, a Beijing-based study-abroad agent, has first-hand experience working with this younger crop of students. "When I started this job some 10 years ago, almost all cases were filed by college graduates trying to apply for a master's degree in the US, UK, Australia and Canada," said Du. "Now quite a number of my clients are high school graduates, and my company even employed some experienced consultants to satisfy the increasing need of college-bound Chinese students." However, in the eyes of Du, most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. Although there are no statistics available, according to Du's observations, college-bound high school graduates from China fall into two groups. There is a group of students from well-off families, with good grades and excellent command of English, and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles. "In recent years, with the financial ability of Chinese families growing with the country's development, buying into college is very common," said Du.
Complaints come from both destination schools in the US and parents of students. Going abroad at a young age needs a great deal of discipline (自律), and college students don't usually live at home-stays so they are free from management. A considerable quantity of students have ended with being dismissed(开除).
As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money. "The worst case is that a family throws out 1 million yuan for their child to come home with nothing, not even fluent English," said Du.
1.What change is mentioned in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2？
A. The age of Chinese students studying abroad is getting younger.
B. More Chinese students studying abroad are getting a master's degree.
C. Excellent students prefer studying abroad to taking college entrance exams.
D. Chinese students' grades are improving due to professional consultants' help.
2.Which opinion does Du probably agree with？
A. Most young students are qualified to study abroad.
B. Buying into schools could be a good solution to students' problems.
C. Destination schools should be responsible for the management of students.
D. Parents and students should be cautious about the decision to study abroad.
3.Why do some students fail in their oversea study？
A. They are not financially supported.
B. They are rejected by destination schools.
C. They can't live up to their parents' expectations.
D. They can't live and study abroad independently.
4.What does the underlined word "inevitable" in paragraph 4 mean？
A. Can't be avoided. B. Can't be ignored.
C. Can't be realized. D. Can't be predicted.
3. Climate breakdown threatens to cause a global food production crisis. The UN forecasts that by 2050, feeding the world will require a 20% expansion in global water use for agriculture. It is hard to see how agriculture can feed the population of the planet, let alone toward the end of the century and beyond. Agriculture is a major cause of climate breakdown, and both river and air pollution. Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.
However, at this critical time, farming (a new kind of food technology) is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet. Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物). It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂). It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right, it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.
We are about to welcome one of the biggest economic transformations, of any kind, for 200 years. Arguments continue about plants against meat-based diets; however, new technologies will soon make these arguments irrelevant. Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms (微生物).
Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier. Due to the fact that farming creates food products built up from simple components rather than broken down from complex ones, hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat, but it will be grown in factories rather than in the bodies of animals. Fats will still be fats, but food is likely to be better, cheaper and much less damaging to the living planet.
1.What is the major cause of sea ecological breakdown
A.Food production. B.Global farming.
C.Industrial fishing. D.Climate breakdown.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ferming
A.Its benefits. B.Its security. C.Its research. D.Its limits.
3.What will provide the majority of food in the near future
A.Sea animals. B.Wild plants. C.Micro-organisms. D.Farm products.
4.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude to ferming
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Unclear.
4. Water keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.
About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced Day Zero—the day when all its dams would be dry.
Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发) from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.
All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.
To address this issue, what can be done First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米). Experts are looking for ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking for ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.
1.What can we know from Paragraph 2
A.A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.
B.Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.
C.Underground water should be used to meet the water demand.
D.Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.
2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A.Rainfall is not as steady as before.
B.Climate change may lead to water shortages.
C.The water supply relies more on rainfall.
D.Hotter weather changes the water demand.
3.What can farmers do to deal with water shortage
A.Plug leaks in the water distribution system.
B.Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.
C.Reduce the number of people in the cities.
D.Grow less-water consumption crops instead.
4.What will be discussed if the passage continues
A.How to prevent from climate change.
B.How to inspire people to save water.
C.How to recycle wastewater in cities.
D.How to make people get access to clean water.
5. Of course, not all kids actually want to go outside. With the right approach, though, psychologist Mary Alvord, said parents can do a lot to encourage positive experiences in the natural world.
It helps to make it part of your family's schedule. "When my kids were young, they would come home from school, have a snack, then it was like: 'All right, you have to go outside and play before you start anything else,' " she said. "From the start, it's about setting the expectation for outdoors time."
If that isn't already on the family schedule, Alvord suggested parents be open and honest about making a change. Call a family meeting and discuss what they would like to do outside. When introducing more time outdoors, Alvord said parents may have to do some reframing(重新构造) to get kids on board. "The frame is: how can you make it appealing and fun " she said. If it's cold and rainy outside, that might mean presenting the day as a chance to look for frogs. Every season, Alvord said, brings changes that can engage children's curiosity.
If your child says she doesn't want to go out because she's doing something else, Alvord suggested giving her a chance to finish. "Say, 'Our outdoors time starts in 15 minutes,' " she said, so they can finish a game or wrap up another activity.
Parents' attitudes count a lot, Alvord said, which may mean getting out of your own comfort zone even as you're encouraging your child to head outdoors. Try rethinking your attitude toward "bad" weather or getting dirty, for example. And if you're hoping to develop your child's sense of wonder at the natural world, it could help to reconnect with your own, whether you're watching the stars, going for a hike or just feeding birds in a nearby park.
1.What is helpful for parents to encourage kids to go outside
A.Offering them some snacks. B.Making going outside a routine.
C.Letting them finish homework first. D.Playing games with their children.
2.What are parents advised to do according to Paragraph 3
A.Host a family meeting outside. B.Stay with their children more often.
C.Adjust outdoor activities with seasons. D.Appeal to more families to be involved.
3.What is important for the children to head outdoors
A.Comfort zone. B.Parents' attitudes.
C.A lot of activities. D.Others' encouragement.
4.What is the text intended to do
A.Get the children close to nature. B.Rebuild the family relationship.
C.Reconnect with the outside world. D.Introduce a brand-new outdoor sport.
6."What are you " they ask. "Guess," I say. Some suggest I have Japanese eyes. Others think I'm Filipino, maybe Indian. Few guess the truth: I am Mexican American. But it's not like I've ever worn that name alone. I'm part of a younger generation of Americans whose identity is shaped neither by where we came from nor where we ended up.
My parents know the California immigrant experience first-hand. They grew up picking fruit in the San Joaquin Valley, knowing what it was to be poor, but also knowing what it was to be Mexican. Wanting a better life for their children, they went to college and got professional jobs. By the time I was born, they were fully accepted into the middle class. I grew up in the racially mixed zones of Sacramento, and when my parents talked of their years in the fields it was hard to connect those stories to where we found ourselves now.
By the time I reached my teens, difference had announced itself. We were all struggling for a sense of individuality, looking everywhere but where we came from. Identity became goods. Wearing certain clothes and liking certain kinds of music created social categories.
I became a junkman, sorting through the ruins of pop culture past looking for the pieces of myself. In love with the Beatles, I linked myself to England. Fascinated by Japanese cartoon, I took language classes at the local Buddhist temple.
I grew up American to a fault, rarely considering my own people's culture and humanity. I left Sacramento and moved to San Francisco's Mission District to put myself together again. There I first saw my people living in a separate community that had its own language, one I'd never learned. My brown face led people to ask me for directions in Spanish. I could only respond with a universally understood shrug.
"This is what I am," I said to myself, looking at a street full of newly arrived immigrants. No, that wasn't quite it. I corrected myself: "This is where I come from."
Is it tragic that I grew up far from my mother culture, discovering it so late in life I prefer to think that my American upbringing has taught me to apply insights from many different cultures to my everyday life. I am a product not just of Mexico or the U.S. but of the world as a whole.
1. Where does the writer grow up
A. In Sacramento. B. In a Mexico town.
C. In the San Joaquin Valley. D. In San Francisco's Mission District.
2. What did the writer learn from his American upbringing
A. To promote mother culture. B. To adapt to new surroundings.
C. To clearly express individuality. D. To learn from different cultures.
3. You can infer from the article that the writer ________.
A. liked to play sports B. wanted to learn Spanish
C. was interested in different cultures D. did not like living in San Francisco
4. This article is mainly about ________.
A. the growing pains of immigrants B. the culture differences in America
C. the author's exploration of his identity D. the problems of immigrants in America
7. The siesta competition took place in a supermarket, with plenty of shoppers, screaming babies, talking voices, and footsteps to take the competitors' attention away from their after lunch sleeps.
Five bright blue sofas were laid out, and five competitors at a time were allowed to take a 20-minute sleep. A doctor measured their pulse to time how long they actually spent on petitors earned extra points for snoring(打鼾),sleeping in strange positions, or wearing silly pajamas(睡衣).The winners of each round advance to the next stage in the competition.
It's amazing that any of those people would fall asleep in the middle of such a busy place, while on couches that they are not used to. Yet, many of them did. They hugged pillows or soft toy bears. They covered their eyes with sleep masks, too. Whatever it took to help them fall asleep fast and stay asleep.
The siesta is a tradition in Spain that many feel is becoming forgotten. It used to be that people would take a brief nap after lunch every day. This would energize them, and keep them going for the rest of the day. Not to mention the health benefits of a good nap. But, that's all changing. People are too busy making money or watching gossip shows on TV after lunch to care about taking a nap.
The National Association of Friends of the Siesta wants to bring Spain back to their traditional roots. They are doing this by having the siesta competition. They set up the competition to reward the best sleepers with money. Actually, they were paid to sleep.
There are really health benefits to a midday nap. We could all learn from this tradition. It's a much better way to get more energy than drinking a cup of coffee. It is also believed that a nap, and in fact a good night's sleep, can help reduce heart disease. The more rested we are, the less stress we feel with day-to-day life.
1.The underlined word " siesta " here probably means" _____ "
A.oversleep B.night sleep
C.a short sleep after supper D.a short sleep after lunch
2.In what situation did the competition take place
A.In a noisy place. B.In a quiet place.
C.In a comfortable place. D.In a familiar place.
3.When the competitors went to sleep, they could ____.
A.have their own beds B.use nothing to cover their eyes
C.have doctors to help them D.use something to help them sleep
4.The competition is held because the Association wants to _____.
A.know if people still know the traditional habit
B.call on people to have their traditional habit
C.do some research on how people sleep
D.give people money in this way
8. Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and sponsors. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seemed there is confusion about the competence and independence of young people.
The popular psychologists tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals. Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters.
But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams.
Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的 ) views about young people. Nor should young “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others.
1.What can we learn about Jessica Watson
A.She was criticized by the government.
B.She eventually canceled her voyage.
C.She has traveled around the world.
D.She made a successful voyage.
2.What can be inferred about teenagers from the text
A.They have similar abilities.
B.They make decisions on their own.
C.They always make wrong judgments.
D.They need supports of responsible adults.
3.Who does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Parents. B.Teenagers. C.Psychologists. D.Adults.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Divided Opinions on Young Adventurers
B.Problems Faced by Adventurous Teens
C.Various Ways to Become Independent
D.Pressure to Achieve Personal Goals
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4CADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life. 可知,你面临的教训是针对你的,学习这些教训是发现和实现你人生意义的关键。所以想要实现自己人生的意义,就要学习呈现在自己面前的种种教训。A项(收集别人的不同意见)在文中没有提及;B项(选择与众不同的道路)和D项(做和别人不一样的事情)不是实现自己人生意义的方式。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's.可知,每个人都有自己的目标和独特的人生道路,都是独一无二的、不同于其他人的。由此可推断,每个人都有不同于他人的人生道路。B项(意料之外的事情通常会发生在同伴身上)、C项(痛苦的离婚必定在于经济问题)、D项(一个有钱人的婚姻一定很美满)在文中没有提及。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.可知,你只会面临你能学到的教训,而且是针对你自身成长的。由此可知,人生中面临的教训可以帮助你成长,从而获得成功。A 项(超出你的能力范围)、B项(阻止你成长)和C项(限制你的发展)在文中都没有提及。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Everyone' circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.可知,每个人的情况都是独一无二的,每个人都需要以不同的方式处理自己的问题。所以B项(你应该学会以不同于别人的方式处理特定的问题)正确。根据最后一段第二句Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you.可知,事实上,生活是不公平的,你的人生道路也许确实比你周围的人艰难。所以A项(一切事物都是平等的)不正确;C项(人们必须注意情况的不公平) 和D项(只要有可能,你就可以抱怨生活是不公平的)在文中没有提及。故选B。
2.答案:1-4 ADDA
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段大意,尤其是第一段结尾…and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years. 目前的中国留学生群体比过去几年更年轻。可知近年来去往英美等国家的中国留学生年轻化。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段提到的有些中国留学生无法自律,无法毕业的问题,以及最后一段第三句But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money.但她认为学生和家长都应该为自己的时间和金钱投资负责。可知杜认为,孩子和家长都应该对出国留学的投资负责,应该更谨慎地做决定。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句…most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. 他们中的大多数人还没有准备好在这么小的年纪把自己放在一个完全不同的环境中。和倒数第二句…and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles.还有一群高考成绩不好,所以他们寻求出国留学来解决自己的问题。以及第三段提到中国留学生缺乏自律的问题,可知有些中国留学生没有能力独立适应国外的生活和学习。故选D。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. 由于大量的学生涌入国外,保证质量是不容易。可知杜说由于学生数量多,难以保证质量,所以被大学开除的问题是"难以避免的"。A.Can't be avoided. 难以避免;B.Can't be ignored. 不可忽视;C.Can't be realized. 不能意识到;D.Can't be predicted. 不可预测。故选A。
3.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.(类似地,工业捕捞也导致了世界各地海洋生态的破坏。)"可知,造成海洋生态破坏的原因是工业捕捞。故选C。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions(排) It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂)It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right.it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.”(农业将使大片陆地和海洋回归自然,大大减少碳排放。这意味着不再使用动物,停止过度捕捞,大幅减沙砍伐森林和杀虫剂的使用。这是阻止地球毁灭的最好希望,如果做得对,这意味着每个人都能获得廉价而丰富的食物。)可知,本段主要讲述农业的好处。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"可知,作者认为在不久的将来,人们的食物来源主要是微生物。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句However, at this critical time, farming(a new kind of food technology)is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet.(然而,在这个关键时刻,农业(一种新的食品技术)正在创造拯救人类和地球的惊人可能性。)"和第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"以及第四段最后一句Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier.(食物不仅会更便宜,也会更健康。)”可知,作者认为农业可以解决人类面临的粮食危机,而且人们的主要食物来源会改变,同时食物也会更实惠更健康,以上评价都是正向的,因此最能描述作者对农业观点态度的是积极的。故选B。
4.答案:1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.B
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第一句 "About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water." 可知,世界上四分之一的人生活在水资源短缺的环境中。故选A。
2.段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是第一句 "Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages." 可知,气候变化使得水资源短缺问题更加严重。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句 "And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米)." 可知,农民可以通过种植需水量较少的作物以代替需水量大的作物以应对水资源短缺问题。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 "They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and famers to use less water." 可知,科学家们正在寻找能够鼓励人们、工厂和农民节约用水的方法。由此可推知,文章接下来会讨论如何鼓励人们节约水资源。故选B。
5.答案：1-4 BCBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"It helps to make it part of your family's schedule."并结合第一段内容可知, 制定外出的日程有助于家长们鼓励孩子们外出。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句"Every season, Alvord said, brings changes that can engage children's curiosity."可知, 父母应该根据季节调整户外活动。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是第一句中的"Parents' attitudes count a lot"可知, 父母的态度对于孩子们去户外来说是很重要的。故选B。
4.写作意图题。通读全文可知, 文章介绍了父母可以做些事来鼓励孩子进行户外活动的建议。由此可推知, 本文旨在鼓励孩子们接近大自然。故选A。
6.答案:1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C
解析:1.细节理解题。由第二段"I grew up in the racially mixed zones of Sacramento"可知,作者在Sacramento 多种族区长大。所以作者在Sacramento长大。故选A。
2.细节理解题。由最后一段"I prefer to think that my American upbringing has taught me to apply insights from many different cultures to my everyday life."可知,我更愿意认为,我在美国的成长经历教会了我将许多不同文化的深刻见解应用到日常生活中。所以作者从他的美国成长经历中学到要向不同的文化学习。故选D。
3.推理判断题。由第四段"I became a junkman, sorting through the ruins of pop culture past looking for the pieces of myself. In love with the Beatles, I linked myself to England. Fascinated by Japanese cartoon, I took language classes at the local Buddhist temple."可知,我成了一名拾荒者,在过去流行文化的废墟中寻找自己的碎片。我爱上披头士,所以我把自己和英国联系在一起。我迷上了日本漫画,所以去当地的佛教寺庙学习了日语。所以通过关键词"Beatles, England, Japanese cartoon, took language classes"可以判断出,作者对不同的文化很感兴趣。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段"I'm part of a younger generation of Americans whose identity is shaped neither by where we came from nor where we ended up."可知,作者是美国年轻一代的一员,他们的身份既不受他们来自哪里,也不受他们结束在哪里的影响。以及下文作者对于自己成长经历的叙述都在说明作者在探索着自己的身份。所以短文主要是关于作者对于自己身份的探索。故选C。
7.答案:1.D; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B
解析:1.词义猜测题.根据第四段中"The siesta is a tradition in Spain that many feel is becoming forgotten. It used to be that people would take a brief nap after lunch every day." (午睡是西班牙的一项传统,许多人觉得这项传统正在被遗忘.过去,人们每天午饭后都会小睡-会儿。由此可知第一段中的划线词的意思是"a short sleep after lunch午饭后的小睡"。故选D。
2.推理判断题.根据第三段中"It's amazing that any of those people would fall asleep in the middle of such a busy place, while on couches that they are not used to"(在陌生的沙发上,这些人中任何一个人能在这样嘈杂的地方睡着都足以让人十分惊讶。可知,比赛是在嘈杂的地方进行的。故选A。
3.推理判断题.根据第三段中"They hugged pillows or soft toy bears. They covered their eyes with sleep masks, too. Whatever it took to help them fall asleep fast and stay asleep." (他们抱着枕头或柔软的玩具熊,也有人用睡眠面罩蒙住眼晴,或者用其他任何能帮助他们快速入眠安稳睡着的东西.可知,当参赛者去睡时,他们可以用一些东西来帮助他们入睡。故选D。
4.推理判断题.根据第五段第一句"the National Association of Friends of the Siesta wants to bring Spain back to their traditional roots." National Association of Friends of The Siesta想让西班牙回归传统.)可知,举办这项比赛是因为协会想要号召人们养成他们的传统习惯。故选B。
8.答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her 'a hero for young Australians' when she returned." 可知,政府要求 Jessica Watson 取消航行,但在她返回时总理称她为"澳大利亚年轻人的英雄"。 由此可知,Jessica Watson进行了一次成功的航行。故选D。A项"她受到了政府的批评。" ;B项"她最终取消了航行; C项"她周游了澳大利亚"。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age... by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters."可知,青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持。故选D。A项与第二段中的"Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities."矛盾;B项所述观点文中未提及;C项提到的"他们总是做出错误的判断。"太过武断,文中第二段第一句只是提到青少年可能会做出错误的判断。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段画线词所在句子以及上文 "But it's also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson's."可知,认为任何16岁的青少年都渴望获得和Jessica Watson 一样不寻常的成就也是错误的。Watson称自己为"一个有梦想的普通女孩"。她这样做的目的是鼓励青少年,但是这个想法可能产生相反的效果,使他们感到自己不够好,因为(在他们看来)伟大的成就是他们不可触及的。所以,画线词them指代的是前文提到的青少年。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻,一位名叫Jessica Watson的青少年成了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄,对此人们有着不同的看法。故A 项"对年轻冒险者的不同看法"概括了本文内容。故选A。 B项"有冒险精神的青少年面临的问题";C项"变得独立的各种各样的方法";D项"实现个人目标的压力"。故选A。2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文（A卷）
1. Traffic jams and cities, it seems, go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic, but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve the traffic jam.
But is the traffic jam a sign of failure Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success. Should transportation systems be viewed any differently I think we should recognize that the traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product(副产品) of successful cities, and view the "traffic problem" in a different light.
Cities exist because they improve social communication and economic trade. The traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited space. Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying cities don't have much traffic. New York and Los Angeles are America's most crowded cities. But if you want access to major brokerage houses(经纪行), you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities. And if your company needs access to post-production film editors or satellite-guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.
Despite the traffic jam, a larger amount of social communication and economic trade can be made better in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, the traffic jam is an unfortunate result of prosperity(繁荣), not a cause of the economic fall and urban decay. So while we can consider the traffic jam as increasing cost in the areas of big cities, the cost of inaccessibility in uncrowded places is almost certainly greater.
There is no doubt that the traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility(流动性) is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US, even in our most crowded cities. That's why, for now, we don't see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for cities like El Centro and McAllen.
1. We can conclude from the first paragraph that _____.
A. the traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of big cities
B. the traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal with
C. if traffic engineers try their best, the traffic jam can be solved
D. public officials are always criticized for misusing their power
2. By saying "decaying" (in Para. 3), the author probably means _____.
A. less powerful and influential B. developing
C. rich and successful D. small-sized
3. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The traffic jam has caused terrible effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.
B. The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital flowing out.
C. The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US.
D. McAllen is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.
4. What's the author's opinion on the traffic jam
A. In cities, the traffic jam is avoidable.
B. The traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.
C. The traffic jam is the result of successful cities.
D. The traffic jam can promote social communication and economic trade.
2. As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch" four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
1. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
2. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
3. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A. It'll be environment-friendly. B. It'll reach consumers soon.
C. It'll be made of plastics. D. It'll help speed up typing.
4. Where is this text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.
3. Sand, sun, fitness, and fun were popular at the LeapFrog's Fit Made Fun Day event on September 6.With LeapFrog's new LeapBand activity tracker, the event took place at Santa Monica Beach in California to educate kids about staying active.
The LeapBand is LeapFrog's newest product. It straps(用带子系好) onto the wrist, like a watch, and features a virtual(虚拟的) pet that kids can care for. Kids do activities such as walking like a penguin and popping like popcorn to earn points and power-ups, which unlock new pets and rewards.
"We want to make sure kids understand that getting up, getting active, having fun, and getting healthy tips can all be part of their daily lives," says Greg Ahearn, who works for LeapFrog."Our goal with the LeapBand is to get kids up and active and having fun."
The event included creative fitness activities for kids and parents. Artie Green and Easy A.D., who are a part of an organization called Hip Hop Public Health, performed songs and taught dances. There were photo opportunities, healthy snacks, and goodie bags too.
Mia Hamm, a former member of the United States national women's soccer team, is the official spokesperson for the LeapBand. Hamm took part in Women's World Cups and the Olympics. When she was about 15, she knew that her sport was soccer. "I loved the way it challenged me every single day," she said. Hamm says exercising should be fun "whether it's playing soccer with your friends or hopping on one foot or dancing". She advises aspiring athletes(有志向的) to "go for it. It's a lot of hard work, but it's meaningful".
Later in the afternoon, the crowd came together to try to break three Guinness World Records: the most people making sand angels, the most people hopping on one foot, and the most people doing the swim dance. Participants(参加者) enjoyed exercising together, dancing, hopping, and flapping along to music. Better yet, they broke all three records! Ahearn hopes these families and many more continue to take part in fitness activities. "Fun is the most important thing," he says.
1.The event LeapFrog's Fit Made Fun Day is to ________.
A.encourage participants to break Guinness World Records
B.introduce LeapFrog's newest product—the LeapBand
C.instruct people, especially kids to keep an active lifestyle
D.find suitable volunteers to care for virtual pets
2.According to the passage, what can we know
A.Kids don't understand the value of active life.
B.The activities of the event are concerned with fitness.
C.Soccer doesn't mean a lot to Hamm.
D.Ahearn thinks breaking all three records is the most important thing.
3.The fifth paragraph mainly intends to tell us Mia Hamm ________.
A.is active in sports activities
B.was a famous woman soccer player
C.acts as the spokesperson for the LeapBand
D.calls on people to do sports activities
4.What's the main purpose of the passage
A.To sell a product. B.To provide information about an activity.
C.To promote an activity. D.To describe an experience.
4. During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are "most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior."
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). "We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage," he said.
1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school
A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.The classification of the popular. B.The characteristics of adolescents.
C.The importance of interpersonal skills. D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.
3.What did Dr. Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids
A.They appeared to be aggressive. B.They tended to be more adaptable.
C.They enjoyed the highest status. D.They performed well academically.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Be Nice—You Won't Finish Last B.The Higher the Status, the Better
C.Be the Best—You Can Make It D.More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
5.Think of the last time you disagreed with another person. Maybe you argued with a sibling (兄弟; 姊妹)over what to watch on TV. Or perhaps you tried to convince grown-ups that ice cream made a better dinner than vegetables. How did your disagreement end Were you able to see the issue from the other person's viewpoint
In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. They're part of life. After all, everyone has different opinions. We all have past experiences that shape how we see the world. Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn. They do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from.
How can you understand both sides of an issue Often, it's best to start by asking questions. Questions help us learn about the world around us. The right questions can also help us learn about other people. In a disagreement, asking for more information can help you learn about a person's viewpoint. It can also lead you to gather more facts. This can paint a better picture of the entire issue.
When we are seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it's important to know the difference between facts and opinions. Remember, facts are based on true information. Opinions can change from person to person. Paying attention to facts can stop biases(偏见)from taking over in a disagreement. This can help everyone involved see both sides of the issue.
Maybe you're wondering why it's important to understand both sides of an issue, anyway. After all, don't most people just want to prove that their side is right Often, that's true. However, understanding the whole issue can lead to both sides working together.
Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. The next time you disagree with another person, try asking him questions about his viewpoint. You never know what you might learn.
1. What does the underlined word "so" refer to in Paragraph 2
A. Ignoring chances to learn.
B. Knowing more about themselves.
C. Shaping a right way to see the world.
D. Making the disagreements a chance to learn.
2. According to the passage, how can we solve a disagreement
A. By changing the other's opinions.
B. By making both sides comfortable.
C. By trying to stand in others' shoes.
D. By telling facts and opinions apart.
3. How does the author support his view
A. By reasoning.
B. By describing.
C. By persuading.
D. By questioning.
4. What's the author's attitude to people's arguments
A. Indifferent.
B. Pessimistic.
C. Positive.
D. Skeptical.
6. Many kids would likely argue that their lunchtime is too short. While the precious breaks after class are used to relax and chat with friends, students also need to scarf down a full meal to fuel them through the rest of the day.
But it is found that students need more than few minutes to consume(消耗) those much-needed nutrients(营养).Longer lunchtime is healthier. The study compared food choices with the amount of time students are given to eat. Students with less than 20 minutes for lunch ate less, including nutritional fruits and vegetables.
Nationwide, the average(平均的) lunchtime is about 30 minutes. But researchers found that the real lunchtime can get cut down to less than 10 minutes. Researchers researched 1,001 students in low-income neighborhoods in Massachusetts that had lunchtime between 20 and 30 minutes. Students with shorter lunchtime were less likely to even choose a fruit in their lunch: 44 percent of students with 20-minute time picked up an apple or orange.
More than 30 million children, half of all public school children nationwide, according to the Southern Education Foundation, eat low-cost or free lunches every day under the National School Lunch program. With the 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act, school lunches have seen an overhaul(详细检查) in their nutritional guidelines, with an increase in whole grains(全谷类), low-fat choices, fruits and vegetables.
While increasing lunchtime and cutting into class time may not be a possible choice for many schools, whose funding depends on the results of tests. Researchers suggested simplifying the lunch lines so that students can make the most out of the time they have.
1.The underlined phrase "scarf down" in the first paragraph means "________".
A.discuss B.cook C.eat D.improve
2.If students' lunchtime is less than 20 minutes, they would ________.
A.have healthier lunches B.eat more vegetables
C.have less choices D.be short of proper nutrition
3.What do nearly half students choose to eat if they only have 20 minutes for lunch
A.The vegetables. B.The milk. C.The meat. D.The fruits.
4.Why wouldn't schools cut into class time in the last paragraph
A.Because the students will not have the enough healthy choice.
B.Because the non-ideal result of the test will influence the school fund.
C.Because the school will have to improve lunch quality.
D.Because the students will waste their lunchtime playing.
7. When was the last time you went to your local library Last week A month ago A year ago
For many reasons, borrowing books from libraries seems to be in decline. With advances in technology, it is now possible for people to download and read whatever they like on electronic devices such as Kindles. It has been argued that doing this is cheaper than buying hard-copy books. They are also lightweight, making them ideal for travelling.
Call me old fashioned, but I've never got into the e-books: I like to have printed books lining my bookshelves; I love the smell of a new book; and I enjoy leafing through paper pages— as long as I avoid the paper cuts!
So, I prefer paper books, and I also prefer to own them myself. Libraries only lend books, so what use are they to someone like me, or to someone who only reads electronic books
Personally, I still love libraries. They offer a quiet space to sit, read, think, do research…a real escape from the outside world. When I was at university, I frequently spent hours at the library and borrowed numerous journals, articles and other printed materials, as it was just too expensive to buy brand new books every week. Libraries are free!
Libraries often organize a series of interesting activities as well. My local library hosted actors, historians and other speakers during the town's annual art and literature festival. Well-known authors are also invited to libraries to give speeches or lead discussions about their work. Events such as these are a great way to appeal to people of all ages in the community and encourage the use of libraries.
There are still many fantastic ways to use libraries —maybe we just need to be more awake to them!
1.What is the writer's purpose of using question sentences in Paragraph 1
A.To introduce the topic of the passage.
B.To make readers answer questions.
C.To give readers some advice.
D.To conduct a survey.
2.What can we know about e-books
A.They are easy to buy.
B.They are cheap and easy to take.
C.They can be borrowed from libraries.
D.They are a waste of energy.
3.What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Libraries. B.E- books. C.Paper books. D.Bookshelves.
4.What is the best title of the passage
A.The end of the library
B.The reasons for my loving libraries!
C.Which is better, e-books or paper books
D.The last time of visiting your local library!
8. Tens of thousands of drone (无人机)owners will have to register their devices for the first time under regulations designed to safeguard privacy.
Rules introduced yesterday require all drones that are fitted with cameras to be logged with the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Anyone who fails to do so faces being taken to court and fined up to 1,000. Drones heavier than 250g already have to be registered with the CAA, which costs 9 and must be renewed annually, but the new measures extend this requirement to all devices, including the lightweight models that are used by hobbyist pilots.
The move comes after sharp rise in the number of drones bought by enthusiasts or those operating them for commercial reasons, such as to inspect infrastructure or for photography and filming.
However, the rise has prompted concerns over privacy, with fears that drones are being used to spy on private residences and other buildings. It has also led to an increase in the number of near-misses between drones and other aircraft, including commercial passenger jets. The latest figures show 531 near-misses involving drones were logged in the past decade, including 125 recorded in 2019.
By law drones are supposed to be operated within an operator's line of sight. They have to remain below an altitude of 400ft to avoid interfering with aircraft and flown at least 164ft away from people and buildings. The government has already toughened up regulations in recent years. This includes requiring all operators to pass an online test before being allowed to fly devices. Other changes to the regulations include allowing drones that weigh up to 25kg to be operated, compared with a previous limit of 20kg.
Devices will also fall into three new categories of risk --high, medium and low -- depending on how they will be flown. Low-risk drones, including those typically used by hobbyists, will have operational limitations but will not need authorisation (授权)for flights. Authorisation is needed for larger medium-risk and high-risk drone flights, which are typically carried out in more complex environments, including those beyond the operator's line of sight, which is banned under normal circumstances.
Christian Struwe, the director of public policy, said of the new regulation: "It simplifies different processes and allows customers to travel from country to country without having to worry about different rules in different foreign locations."
1.Why must the drone owners register their devices
A.To protect their rights of flying drones.
B.To avoid breaking the new regulations.
C.To make sure their drones meet the weight requirement.
D.To follow the rules not to invade others' privacy.
2.What does the underlined words in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Updated every day. B.Replaced every month.
C.Redesigned every year. D.Registered every year.
3.What is the potential danger drones probably cause
A.Drones will be used for commercial purposes.
B.Drones probably crash into passenger planes while in use.
C.Operating drones requires higher qualification.
D.It is impossible to avoid being spied by drones.
4.What does the passage mainly focus on
A.How to make a standard drone.
B.How drones are operated by enthusiasts.
C.The importance of registering the drones.
D.The negative effect of drones on people.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.A; 4.C
解析：1.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it"可知,人们对交通堵塞现象无能为力,说明交通堵塞问题很棘手,难以解决。故选B。
2.考查词义猜测。由该词所在句子中的while(而,却)表对比可知, decaying的意思应与上文中的successful相反。故选A。
3.考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句"There is no doubt that the traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos"可知A项正确,其他选项均与文中事实不符。故选A。
4.考查观点态度。根据第二段最后一句和第五段可知,作者认为交通拥挤是城市成功的一个不可避免的副产品,应该从另一个不同的角度来看待交通拥挤现象。文中作者并没有提到交通堵塞是一种失败。故选C。
2.答案：1-4.DCBD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句"At present, these technologies are still expensive, though."以及第二段第一句"Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard."可推知,研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象:develop与come up with是同义词,expensive与low-cost是反义词,cut the cost与low-cost相呼应。故选D。
2.推理判断题。题干问的是"是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能 ",也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的"These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities..."可知, 正是因为每个人的打字模式不同, 这种智能键盘才可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客, 故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思,即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据题干"研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望 "可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话"The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.",该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场。注意:题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应,答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。故选B。
4.文章出处题。根据本文的话题"智能键盘"以及第二段中的"Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device...",尤其是其中的关键词researchers, low-cost device等来推断,这篇文章是一篇科研报道,最有可能出现在杂志上。故选D。
3.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"to educate kids about staying active"和第三段第一句话可知,C项正确。这项活动的目的是让人们,尤其是孩子,保持一种积极的生活方式。故选C。
2.细节理解题。无论是孩子们的活动还是后面试图打破吉尼斯世界纪录的活动都和运动健康有关。故选B。
3.段落大意题。通读第五段尤其是最后一句可知,Mia Hamm认为运动是可以给人带来快乐的,也是有意义的,故她是想呼吁人们做体育运动。故选D。
4.写作意图题。本篇文章是新闻报道,全文的意图是提供一项活动的信息。故选B。
4.答案：1-4.CABA
解析：1.推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者在上小学的低年级时是什么样的女孩 根据题干中的early years of elementary school可定位到第一段第一句中的During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes (喜欢分享玩偶和笑话),因此可以推断作者是大方的。A:不友善的;B:孤独的;D:酷的。故选C。
2.主旨大意题。本题题干意为:第二段的主要内容是什么 根据第二段第二句 Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.可知,本段对受欢迎的人进行分类。B:青少年的特点;C:人际交往技巧的重要性;D:不光彩行为的原因。故选A 。
3.细节理解题。本题题干意为:Prinstein博士的研究中针对最受喜欢的小孩的发现是什么 根据题干中的study和the most liked kids 可定位到第四段中的 It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us。healthy adjustment(调整,适应) 对应B项中的adaptable(能适应的)。 A:他们显得有侵略性;C:他们喜欢最高的地位;D:他们学习成绩很好。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文最好的标题是什么 文章将受欢迎的人分成两类—讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。根据对这两种人的介绍可以总结出整篇文章都是在引导读者做讨人喜欢的人,对人友善、学会分享、敞开心扉。B:地位越高越好;C:做到最好—你可以做到;D:自制力越强,侵略性越小。故选A。
5.答案：1-4DCAC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Still, not all disagreements are bad. In fact, many people look at them as opportunities to learn.知,并非所有的分歧都是糟糕的,事实上,许多人把它们看作是学习的机会。由此可推断,so指的是把分歧当作学 .习的机会。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段中的How did your disagreement end Were you able to see the issue from the other person's viewpoint 可知,这两句以提问的形式引出结束分歧的方式,即从对方的角度看问题;根据最后一段中的 Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought.可知,分歧一开始可能会让人不舒服。然而,当双方真正试图理解对方时, 往往会发现他们的共同点比他们想象的要多。由此可推断,要想解决分歧,双方要真正去理解对方,站在对方的立场上想问题。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第.三段中的How can you understand both sides of an issue Often, it's best to start by asking questions.可知,理解关于问题的双方意见最好从问问题开始;根据第四段中的 When we are seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it's important to know the difference between facts and opinions.可知,试图了解关于问题的双方意见时,了解事实和观点之间的区别是很重要的;根据最后一段中的 Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought.可知,分歧一开始可能会让人不舒服。然而,当双方真正试图理解对方时, 往往会发现他们的共同点比他们想象的要多。由此可推断, 作者通过推理来支持他的观点。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. They're part of life...do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from.可知,在许多情况下,分歧是不可避免的。他们是生活的一部分。 毕竟,每个人都有不同的看法。我们都有过去的经历,这些经历塑造了我们对世界的看法。不过,并非所有的分歧都是糟糕的。事实上,许多人把它们看作是学习的机会。由此可推断,作者对人们的争端持积极态度。故选C。
6.答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.词句猜测题。根据划线词后的部分a full meal to fuel them through the rest of the day.(一顿饱饭可以为他们一天剩下的时间提供能量)由此可知,这里指的是吃一顿饭。"scarf down"的意思是吃,A. discuss讨论;B. cook做饭;C. eat吃;D. improve改善。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段Students with less than 20 minutes for lunch ate less, including nutritional fruits and vegetables.(午餐时间少于20分钟的学生吃得更少,包括有营养的水果和蔬菜。)由此推知,如果学生的午餐时间少于20分钟,他们就会缺乏适当的营养。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段44 percent of students with 20-minute time picked up an apple or orange.(44%的学生在20分钟的用餐时间内,会拿一个苹果或桔子。)由此可知,如果只有20分钟的午餐时间,近一半的学生会选择吃水果。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段While increasing lunchtime and cutting into class time may not be a possible choice for many schools, whose funding depends on the results of tests.(而增加午餐时间和缩短上课时间对许多学校来说是一个不可能的选择,因为它们的资金依赖于考试的结果。)由此可知,学校不缩短上课时间是因为测试结果的不理想会影响学校的经费。故选B。
7.答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"When was the last time you went to your local library Last week A month ago A year ago "你最后一次去当地图书馆是什么时候 上周吗 一个月前 一年前 可知,作者在第一段中使用几个问题,目的是为了引入这篇文章的话题.故选A.
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"It has been argued that doing this is cheaper than buying hard-copy books. They are also lightweight, making them ideal for travelling."有人认为这样做比买纸质书便宜.它们也很轻,很适合旅行.可知,电子书既便宜又容易携带。故选B。
3.代词指代题。根据第四段中的"So, I prefer paper books, and I also prefer to own them myself."所以,我更喜欢纸质书,我也更喜欢自己拥有它们.可知,划线词them指代的就是本句中的paper books。故选C。
4.标题归纳题。根据第一段"When was the last time you went to your local library Last week A month ago A year ago "你最后一次去当地图书馆是什么时候 上周吗 一个月前 一年前 及下文论述可知,作者论述的话题是"我们真的不需要图书馆了吗 "可知,A. The end of the library (图书馆终结了吗 适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。
8.答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中"Tens of thousands of drone owners will have to register their devices for the first time under regulations designed to safeguard privacy. (按首次规定,成千上万的无人机所有者必须登记他们的设备,旨在保护隐私)"可知,无人机所有者必须登记他们的设备是为了让他们遵守规则,不侵犯他人隐私。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。划线词前提到"Drones heavier than 250g already have to be registered with the CAA, which costs 9(超过250克的无人机已经必须在CAA注册,费用为9英镑)" ;根据第一段中"register their devices for the first time …"这项规定是首次执行,以后应该会持续下去。由此可以猜测,"renew"与上文的"register"语义相关。因此可以猜测"renewed annually"意思为"每年重新登记"。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中"It has also led to an increase in the number of near -misses between drones and other aircraft, including commercial passenger jets.(这也导致了无人机与包括商用客机在内的其他飞机之间"险些相撞"的次数增加)"可知,无人机可能造成的潜在危险是无人机可能会与正在空中飞行的客机相撞。故选B。
4.推理判断题。文章第一段中提出"designed to safeguard privacy"登记无人机是为了保护隐私;第三、四段是提到"The move comes after sharp rise in the number of drones…""the rise has prompted concerns over privacy"无人机数量的增加,引起人们对无人机引起的隐私问题的关注,这是要登记无人机的原因;第五段是关于无人机操作的高度、离人和建筑物的距离、要求操作者通过网上测试等方面作出具体的要求。由此可推断,文章关注的是登记无人机的重要性。故选C。2023届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文（B卷）
1. Timing is everything. This is especially true when a student is seeking admission to a college or university and it can often be a long and complex process in the United States.
Many people think the process begins in the final year of high school. However, students should start taking action well before that. In the US, young people generally attend high school for four years. It's suggested that students take their first step toward applying to college in the months before their third year. At this point, young people are still likely to have several unanswered questions in their mind. Those questions could be as complex as "What do you want out of your college experience " or as simple as "Where do you want to study " Students can get closer to finding the answers by visiting any college or university.
The next step involves testing. Most US students take exams to prove their level of academic performance in the second half of their third year. After taking these tests, the period between the third and fourth years of high school is busy. This is the time when they should narrow the list of colleges and universities under consideration. Once they have made a shorter list, they should contact these schools.
Then, students should begin working on a writing sample. Most US colleges and universities require applicants to provide a writing sample that does more than show off their writing ability. It should also tell admission officers more about who the applicants are. So students should begin working on it even before their final year of high school.
Finally, in the United States, most deadlines for college application materials are in early winter. Students should hand in all their application materials a week before the actual date. That way if any emergencies come up, students have plenty of time to contact the schools. Spring is when most schools make their decisions and inform students if they will accept them.
1. When should American high school students begin to apply to college
A. In the final year. B. At the end of the second year.
C. In the second half of the third year. D. After the early winter of the third year.
2. Why may students be busy between the third and fourth years of high school
A. To prepare a writing sample.
B. To prepare application materials.
C. To make a list of colleges and universities.
D. To take tests to prove their academic abilities.
3. What's the purpose of a writing sample
A. To show the student how to contact schools.
B. To show the student how to write an application.
C. To help admission officers get to know the student.
D. To help the student solve some unanswered questions.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. College Life and Study
B. Time Arrangement in High School
C. High School Life: Valuing the Experience
D. College Application: Getting the Timing Right
2. It's become an accepted part of keeping up to date with extended family and friends, but if schoolchildren were in their parents' shoes, the majority wouldn't share posts of their sons and daughters online. Over 55% said they would not upload news about, or images of their children to their social media, according to a survey of over 16,000 pupils by Votes for Schools.
While some were concerned about being embarrassed or the content which could remain online indefinitely, others expressed concern about their personal data being revealed. One of the pupils surveyed said, "Although our parents mean well, sometimes the consequence of a post can be disastrous."
In response to the survey, children's mental health charity Place2Be and law firm Mishcon de Reya have produced three films ahead of the Christmas holidays―the best period for parental oversharing.
In one video, about safety online, 10-year-old Adavan said, "If you share anything with your family, you know who's going to see it. But if you share it publicly, there are millions of people who can see your picture."
Joe Hancock, a security lead at Mishcon de Reya, encouraged parents to share wisely. "Simple steps, such as checking your privacy settings and asking others not to share content of your children on their accounts if they haven't updated their privacy settings, are a good start. And, as we found out from the children during filming, having their permission is key," he said.
The study marks a shift away from the usual debate about teaching children to use the Internet safely. Sandra Davis, head of the law firm's family department, said, "Children are the experts on the real and immediate impact of sharenting (晒娃)―the full extent of which we cannot know yet. We must ensure we listen to children and take their views into consideration now in order to avoid any unintended consequences further down the line."
1.What's most pupils' attitude towards sharing posts about children
A.Skeptical. B.Tolerant. C.Unwilling. D.Unconcerned.
2.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2
A.Summarize the previous paragraph.
B.Provide some advice for parents.
C.Predict the consequence of sharing posts.
D.Give reasons for the result of the survey.
3.What should parents first pay attention to according to Joe Hancock
A.Safety. B.Consequence. C.Wisdom. D.Health.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Parents should take children's opinions into account.
B.Parents should teach children to use the Internet safely.
C.Children must make sure to listen to their parents.
D.Children should avoid unintended consequences of sharenting.
3.Every day on her walk to school, Khloe Thompson, a nine-year-old girl, kept noticing the same homeless people and couldn't help but feel troubled. She kept asking her mom why or how they were there, and at the end of the conversation she always wondered, "What can I do to help " Seeing these struggling individuals in her community, Khloe made a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeless people. After Khloe made the decision firmly, she quickly began to effect change in the homeless community, raising spirits while lending some much-needed assistance to those living on the street.
"No dream is too small or too big!" writes Khloe on her GoFundMe page, which was set up by Khloe and her mom Alisha and has raised $14,000 in the two months since it was established, exceeding its original $10,000 goal. "Any funds raised on this page will go toward our charity filing fees and any future volunteer projects. The more we raise, the more people we can help!"
The charity, called Khloe Kares, is a community service-oriented organization that plans different projects to give some assistance to those in need. Khloe's first project was Kare Bags, which are intended to help the homeless. "I like to give them a nice sturdy bag that they can have forever," says Khloe, "Sometimes they give me hugs and then they say thank you."
"As a parent, you're going to be concerned about her walking up to random strangers," says Alisha, who accompanies Khloe when she hands out her Kare Bags. After seeing people's positive reactions, she said "People really warm up to her quickly."
As Khloe strives to help those near her, homelessness has become an increasingly pressing issue. For Khloe, Kare Bags are just the beginning. She is currently planning a toy drive for kids living in group homes, which will take place on July. She has collected about $1,000 worth of toys to give out, and additional voluntary gifts will go towards The Raise Foundation of Orange County, whose goal is to stop child abuse and neglect.
1.Khloe created her own charity to ______.
A.collect money for children's toys
B.help homeless people of the local area
C.protect more children from abuse and neglect
D.improve the living condition of the community
2.From the passage, we can know that GoFundMe page _________.
A.is a community service-oriented organization
B.was set up by Khloe and some local volunteers
C.plans different projects to help those people in need
D. raises fund for filing fees and future volunteer projects
3.Which of the following words can best describe Khole
A.Devoted and open-minded. B.Humorous and strong-willed.
C.Determined and warm-hearted. D.Knowledgeable and hard-working.
4.Which of the following can be the best title
A.No Life is Easy B.The Road to Success
C.The Power of Volunteers D.Lend a Hand to Strangers
4. Off the coast of Formentera, an island, lives seagrass that stretches 15 km. The seagrass, covering several kilometers, is made up of a single organism. The grasses are also long-lived, for tens or hundreds of thousands of years. Along with two other kinds of coastal ecosystem—mangrove(红树林) swamps and tidal marshes(潮汐沼泽)—seagrass fields are particularly good at taking carbon dioxide from the air.
This role was highlighted in a report published on March 2nd by UNESCO, on "blue carbon"—the carbon stored by Earth's oceanic and coastal ecosystems. In total around 3300 million tons of carbon dioxide (about three-quarters of the world's emissions in 2019) are locked away in the planet's blue-carbon sinks. Research by Carlos Duarte, the report's author and an ecologist, has shown that one hectare of seagrass can suck as much carbon dioxide each year as 15 hectares of rainforest.
One reason that blue-carbon ecosystems make such effective sinks is that underwater forests are thicker than the land-based woods. They can also trap floating pieces and organic matter, which settles on the sea floor and can double the amount of carbon stored away. They possess another advantage, too. Climate change is leading to more wildfires around the world. As forests burn, their carbon stocks are sent back into the atmosphere. Unlike forests on land, blue-carbon ecosystems do not burn.
Blue-carbon ecosystems may not be fired, but they remain affected to other sorts of disasters. In May 2020 cyclone Amphan destroyed 1200 square kilometres of mangrove forests. A marine heatwave in Australian waters in 2010 and 2011 damaged around one third of the world's largest seagrass field in Shark Bay. Mangrove forests can weaken or control waves and provide natural barriers to storm surges. Protecting and expanding them, then, appears to be a must.
1.What do the blue-carbon ecosystems consist of
A.The carbon stored in coastal ecosystems.
B.Seagrass living off the coast of Formentera.
C.A single organism, seagrass fields and forests on land.
D.Seagrass fields, mangrove swamps and tidal marshes.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A.The concrete role of "blue carbon". B.The special features of the seagrass.
C.The storage ability of the blue-carbon sinks. D.The findings about the blue-carbon ecosystems.
3.Why can the blue-carbon ecosystems make such effective sinks
A.Because they have greater absorbing ability.
B.Because they aren't influenced by disasters.
C.Because their carbon stocks are released back.
D.Because there is more carbon in water than on land.
4.What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A.To add background information. B.To give suggestions.
C.To list influential examples. D.To offer scientific data.
5. One in five children starting primary school in the UK are overweight. By the time they leave school, that figure will rise to one in three. The chance of them being overweight in adulthood, which brings a range of associated health risks, is high, at 50-75%.
The root cause of diet-related fatness is no secret: an energy imbalance between the quantity of food being consumed and the level of physical activity being conducted. Addressing this imbalance needs to be, in part, a review of our diet. More fresh ingredients(原料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet.
The Department of Health has recognized that a collective approach, rather than just individual behavior change, is a successful way of achieving this. Universal adjustments like a blanket decrease in sugar content influence the way we eat through the choices available to us.
Applying this approach to school kitchens makes sense. They have an important role to play in maintaining healthy diets. Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school.
Ifs an area the Soil Association consistently works to handle through its Food for Life program —working with schools to transform food culture, improve food education and encourage lasting changes to the way schools think about food. It works. In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in comparison schools.
One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients. It encourages local seasonal produce and, at silver or gold level, requires a commitment to environmentally friendly produce. At its heart, the award is designed to support health and enhance food understanding.
Over 50% of English primary schools have such an award already, serving around 1.7 million meals each day to over 10,000 schools and it's a figure we'll see grow.
1.What does the underlined word "addressing" in paragraph 2 mean
A.Tackling. B.Ignoring. C.Maintaining. D.Postponing.
2.Which approach will work for students to build a balanced diet
A.Stopping them eating alone in schools.
B.Getting them aware of the harm of fatness.
C.Ensuring healthy recipes on school menus.
D.Increasing the availability and flavor of food.
3.What can we say about the Food for Life program
A.It's a heavy load on schools. B.It's complicated to operate.
C.It's a temporary project. D.It's a fruitful attempt.
4.Which type of food may the Food for Life Served Here award promote
A.Sugary snacks. B.First-class sausages.
C.High-quality imported beef. D.Freshly picked organic beans.
6. With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
"We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house," says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in;" We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law."
And what does Nick think "From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would."
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married.
1.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol
A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn. D.The daughters.
2.What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law
A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.
3.What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on
A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports. C.Published statistics. D.Public opinions.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.Lifestyles in different countries. B.Conflicts between generations.
C.A housing problem in Britain.\ D.A rising trend of living in the UK.
7. When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A.Their target users. B.Their wide popularity.
C.Their major functions. D.Their complex design.
2.What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
3.What can we say about Baby Boomers
A.They like smartphone games. B.They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C.They keep using landline phones. D.They are attached to their family.
4.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A.It remains a family necessity. B.It will fall out of use some day.
C.It may increase daily expenses. D.It is as important as the gas light.
8. "You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it." This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I'll do it."
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
1. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1
A. She knows little about the club. B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer. D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
2. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Encourage teamwork. B. Appeal to feelings.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
3. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3
A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She'll work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper.
4. Why does the author like doing volunteer work
A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard. D. It brings her material rewards.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 BCCD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中"It's suggested that students take their first step toward applying to college in the months before their third year.(建议学生在三年级前几个月向大学申请迈出第一步)"可知，美国高中生应该在第二年年底开始申请大学。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"After taking these tests, the period between the third and fourth years of high school is busy. This is the time when they should narrow the list of colleges and universities under consideration.(参加完这些考试后，高中三、四年级之间的这段时间很忙。这是他们应该缩小正在考虑的学院和大学名单的时候了)"可知，学生在高中三、四年级之间这段时间会很忙是因为要列出学院和大学的名单。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中"Then, students should begin working on a writing sample. Most US colleges and universities require applicants to provide a writing sample that does more than show off their writing ability. It should also tell admission officers more about who the applicants are.(然后，学生应该开始写一个写作样稿。大多数美国学院和大学要求申请者提供一份写作样稿，这份样稿不仅仅是用来展示他们的写作能力。它还应该告诉招生人员更多关于申请人的信息)"可知，写作样稿的功能是帮助招生人员了解学生。故选C。
4.标题判断题。根据第一段"Timing is everything. This is especially true when a student is seeking admission to a college or university and it can often be a long and complex process in the United States.(时机就是一切。尤其是当一个学生想要被学院或大学录取的时候，在美国这经常会是一个漫长而复杂的过程)"再结合全文可知，"大学申请：把握好时机"是本文最佳标题。故选D。
2.答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句 Over 55% said they would not upload news about, or images of, their children to their social media feeds, according to survey of over 16,000 pupils by Votes for Schools. 可知,超过55%的学生表示,他们不会在社交媒体上上传关于自己孩子的新闻或照片。这项调查是通过投票选出学校的方式对16000多名学生进行的。由此可知,大多数学生不愿意分享。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段 While some were concerned about being embarrassed or the longevity of content which could remain online indefinitely, others expressed concern about their personal data being compromised. One of the pupils surveyed said, "Although our parents mean well, sometimes the consequence of a post can be disastrous." 可知,虽然有些人担心会尴尬,或者可能无限期留在网上的内容会持续很长时间,但其他人则担心他们的个人数据会被泄露。一名接受调查的学生说:"虽然我们的父母是好意,但有时一个帖子的后果可能是灾难性的。"由此可知,第二段给出调查结果的理由。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第五段第二句 Simple steps, such as checking your privacy settings and asking others not to share content of your children on their accounts if they have not updated their privacy settings, are a good start. 由此可知,一些简单的步骤,比如检查你的隐私设置,如果别人没有更新他们的隐私设置,就要求他们不要在他们的账户上分享你孩子的内容,都是一个好的开始。由此可知,Joe Hancock 认为父母首先要注意安全性。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 The study marks a shift away from the usual debate about teaching children to use the Internet safely. Sandra Davis, head of the law firm's family department, said, "Children are the experts on the real and immediate impact of sharenting (晒娃) — the full extent of which we cannot know yet. We must ensure we listen to children and take their views into consideration now in order to avoid any unintended consequences further down the line." 可知,这项研究标志着一个转变,从通常讨论的教育孩子安全使用互联网。Sandra Davis 是该律师事务所家庭部的负责人,她说:"孩子们是了解父母分房对孩子的真实和直接影响的专家——具体影响程度我们还不清楚。为了避免将来出现任何意想不到的后果,我们现在必须倾听孩子们的意见,考虑他们的意见。"由此可知,父母应该考虑孩子的意见。。故选A。
3.答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 Khloe made a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeless people. 科勒决定创立自己的慈善机构,致力于改善当地无家可归者的生活。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句 Any funds raised on this page will go toward our charity filing fees and any future volunteer projects. 本页所募得的款项将用于我们的慈善申请费和任何未来的志愿者项目。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知,9岁的科勒就已经下定决心要帮助无家可归的人,课件她是非常有决心的;她致力于帮助无家可归的人,因此她也非常热心。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段的描述可知科勒在上学的路上看到无家可归的人时,自己就决定要帮助他们,包括最后一段提到的正在筹备的制止虐待儿童的项目,都是在帮助陌生人,故D项"帮助陌生人"能概况文章大意。故选D。
4.答案：1-4 DCAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"Along with two other kinds of coastal ecosystem—mangrove(红树林) swamps and tidal marshes(潮汐沼泽)—seagrass fields are particularly good at taking carbon dioxide from the air."可知, 海草床, 还有另外两种沿海生态系统—红树林沼泽和潮汐沼泽, 尤其擅长从空气中吸收二氧化碳; 结合第二段第一句中的"on 'blue carbon'—the carbon stored by Earth's oceanic and coastal ecosystems"可知, "蓝碳"是地球海洋和沿海生态系统储存的碳。由此可知, 海草床、红树林沼泽和潮汐沼泽构成了蓝碳生态系统。故选D。
2.段落大意题。根据第二段第二、三句可知, 总共约有330亿吨二氧化碳(约占2019年全球排放量的四分之三)被锁在地球的蓝碳汇中。该报告的作者、海洋生态学家Carlos Duarte的研究表明, 一公顷海草每年吸收的二氧化碳相当于15公顷雨林每年吸收的二氧化碳。由此可知, 本段主要介绍了蓝碳汇的储存能力。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知, 蓝碳生态系统之所以会产生如此有效的碳汇, 其中一个原因是水下森林比陆上森林的密度更大。它们还能捕获漂浮在海底的碎片和有机物, 使碳的储存量增加一倍。由此可推知, 蓝碳生态系统之所以会产生如此有效的碳汇是因为它们有更强大的储存能力。故选A。
4.目的意图题。根据最后一段内容可知, 最后一段先列举了蓝碳生态系统受到的危害; 最后两句表明: 红树林可以削弱或抑制海浪并为风暴潮提供天然屏障。因此, 保护红树林并扩大红树林的(种植)面积似乎是必需的(事)。由此可推知, 最后一段的目的是给出一些建议。故选B。
5.答案：1-4 ACDD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据后文"More fresh ingredients(原料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet."(更多的新鲜食材,尤其是水果和蔬菜,更少的加工食品和更少的添加剂都是建立均衡饮食的重要因素。)可知,本句是解决不均衡的办法,所以addressing指的是"解决"。A. Tackling解决;B. Ignoring忽视;C. Maintaining维持;D. Postponing推迟。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段"Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school."(提供一份充满新鲜食材和没有人工添加剂的学校菜单对孩子们在学校的饮食有直接和有效的影响。)可知,确保学校菜单上有健康的食谱可以帮助学生建立均衡的饮食。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段"In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in comparison schools."(在"终身饮食"学校,学生不吃水果或蔬菜的可能性比其他学校的学生低三分之一。)可知,关于"生命之粮"计划是一次卓有成效的尝试。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients."(学校参与其中的一种方式是在这里提供终身服务的食物奖,这意味着至少75%的菜肴是现场用新鲜的食材制作的。)可知,终身服务的食物奖推广的是新鲜的食物。故选D。
6.答案：1-4.BACD
解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第三段"Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol... but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor"可知,在布里斯托尔的维多利亚时代的房子里,Rita住在一楼。故选B。
2.考查观点态度。根据第五段中的"From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would"可以判断,Nick对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度。carefree"无忧无虑的";tolerant"宽容的";unwilling"不情愿的"。故选A。
3.考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013"和第七段中的"It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds... about 1.8 million"可知,作者通过罗列数据来说明几世同堂家庭的情况。故选C。
4.考查主旨大意。根据全文中心句"With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together"可知,本文主要介绍了近年来英国人选择几世同堂的趋势在上升。故选D。
7.答案：1-4 BACB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.可知, 本段介绍了几乎人人都有手机, 即手机的普及这一现象。故选B。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的they're keeping it as a security blanket可知, 仍然保留座机的澳大利亚人中, 有三分之一是为了将其作为一个安全保障, 所以他们并不是真正使用座机, 因此此处指三分之一的人承认座机的存在不是很有必要。admit意为"承认", 与画线词意思相近。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的...compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.可知, 出生于婴儿潮时期的一代人中有84%的人可能在50年内都使用相同的家庭电话号码, 即他们一直使用座机。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段提及的gas street lamps(煤气路灯)和morning milk deliveries(早晨牛奶递送)并结合常识可知, 作者的言外之意是座机有一天可能会走上与这两者相同的道路, 即逐渐被社会淘汰。故选B。
8.答案：1-4CBDB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的第一句可知,这位家长让作者把她当作最后的备选,也就是她不愿意做志愿者的工作。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线部分的前后文可知,作者为了劝服这位家长举了两个例子。故可知,画线部分应有 "煽情"之意。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及"the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team"可知,她最终成为了志愿者队伍中重要的一员, 即她成了一个好帮手。故选D。
4.细节理解题。题干问"作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作"。根据第四段最后两句可知,作者认为为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐,参加志愿者活动能让人感到快乐。故选B。
