【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义
语法填空
解密05 并列句和从句的复习要点
【构建知识体系】
语法填空 有提示词 1.动词：时态；语态；非谓语动词形式；词形转换
2.形容词：形容词和副词相互转换；比较级；最高级；反义词；词形转换
3.名词：名词单复数变化及词形转换
4.代词：人称代词的主格和宾格；形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词；反身代词
5.数词：基数词；序数词；加后缀-teen或-ty等
无提示词 1.连词 （1）并列连词but，and，or等
（2）从属连词what，that，when等
2.副词：however，therefore，so……
3.代词：it
4.冠词：an，a，the
5.介词及固定短语
6.情态动词（考查的几率较低）
【英语学科素养解读】
新课标 要求 命题解读 2020高考评价体系的说明
《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出：高英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识：词法关注词的形态变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时、态（体）等；句法关注句子结构，如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中，语法知识是“形式——意义——使用”的统一体，与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连，直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。 高中阶段英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用所学的语法知识，学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识，进一步发展英语语法意识。 语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。 《中国高考评价体系2020》 考查必备知识：词法和句法知识； 关键能力： 在具体语境中，运用语法的能力，阅读理解能力。
【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
并列句和从句高考解密
2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布
考点 题型 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句及特殊句型 、并列连词
语法填空 2022 无 2022·新高考I卷定语从句12022·全国甲卷定语从句1 2022·浙江1月定语从句 2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷and2022·全国乙卷and2022·新高考I卷and
2021 2021·全国新高考I卷主语从句 2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷which或that引导的定语从句1个；2021年1月浙江高考that/which引导的定语从句1个 2021·英语全国甲卷but；2021·全国新高考I卷and；2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷and
2020 浙江 宾语从句 全国Ⅲ 定语从句1 山东or；海南and
1.（2022·新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2.（2022·全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
3.（2022·浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _____ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
4.（2022·新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ______ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
5.（2022·全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _____ cultural exchanges.
6.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ______ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
7.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I decided that if I learned of a company39． used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
8.（2021年1月浙江高考）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
9.【2021·英语全国甲卷】My bike was old and shaky ______ did the job.
10.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _______offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
11.【2021·浙江卷6月】Although Mary loved flowers, ______ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
12.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company______ emailed its president.
13.（2021年1月浙江高考）In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ______ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
14.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. _______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
15.【2020·新高考I卷山东卷】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ______ opened in 1759.
16.【2020·新高考II卷海南卷】The Digital World is a set of volumes _____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
17.【2020新课标Ⅲ卷】In ancient China lived an artist ______paintings were almost lifelike.
18. 【2020新课标I卷】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
19.【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】They kept their collection at home until it got too big _____ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
20.【2020·海南省高考英语试卷（新高考全国II卷)】Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, _______discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
21.【2020·全国III卷】Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. _____he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
22.【2020·浙江】Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on _____could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【高考预测】
纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国新高考试题还会
①文体以说明文、记叙文为主。
②上下文语境提示3-4个，单词基本形式提示6-7个。
③侧重对词汇变形的考查。
【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力
并列句和从句
【做题实践中找规律】
1.【2023·山西省大同市第二次学情调研】 “____ we don’t fool the tree, it won’t fool you. You take it seriously, and then it behaves in the same way to you. You put efforts to make it live, and the tree lives up to your expectation,” the planters say.
2. 【2023·山东省潍坊市期中】Apart from the usual finds, people have uncovered records of the earliest examples of Chinese writing and proof ________ they were producers of the world’s oldest wine. Another remarkable discoveries was the oldest working bone flutes (长笛).
3.【2023·山东省泰安市期中】“I think it is very important for her to have a labor course at school as she can learn to appreciate manual labor ________ the hardworking spirit,” she said. “She relies on us and her teachers very much. I want her to learn how to do things by herself and become more independent.”
4.【2023·山东省青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区联考】The names of the engineers ______ created these wonders are lost to antiquity.
5.【2023·辽宁省县级重点高中联合体统考】He loved the game ______ much that he invented his won method to help him do it with excellence. He went on to be a Major League pitcher for the New York Yankees, and today is an inspiration to young athletes everywhere.
规律方法：1.下列情况很可能填并列连词（and；but；or）：
(1)前面一个句子________一个句子；
(2) 一个或多个句子成分________一个句子成分。
(3)句型both..and…;not…but…;either…or…;not only…but (also)…
规律方法2： 如何判断空格处应填状语从句的连词？
（1）无提示词。
（2）在从句中不作成分。
(3) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。
（4）常根据句意填出连词。
规律方法3：如何判断空格处应填名词性从句的连接词？
（1）无提示词：注意that和whether在名词性从句中不作成分，whether有“是否”的意思。
（2）注意what在名词性从句中的选择，其在从句中作成分，通常作主语，宾语或表语。
规律方法4：什么时候填定语从句的关系词？
（1）先判断是定语从句。
（2）找准先行词，看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，然后断定填关系词。
（3）注意which引导的定语从句，常常指代前面整个句子的内容，没有确定的先行词。
（4）注意as引导的定语从句。
【变式精讲】
【例1】【2023·山东省潍坊市】The settlement’s end came around 5700 BCE when the nearby rivers overflowed and flooded the area. It is assumed that the Jiahu people left their home to settle elsewhere, even though there is no indication as to __________ that might have been.
【例2】【2023·山东省泰安市期中】Song Xiaoning, mother of a first grader in Beijing, said she looks forward to ________ her daughter will learn at the new once-a-week labor course.
【例3】【2023·山东省青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区联考】
Civil engineering is the design and construction of public works, such as dams, bridges and other large infrastructure projects. It is one of the oldest branches of engineering, dating back to when people first started living in permanent settlements ______ began shaping their environments to suit their needs.
【例4】【2023·辽宁省县级重点高中联合体统考】A pitcher needs to throw the ball with one hand and wear a baseball glove on the other—something ________ Jim couldn’t do.【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义
语法填空
解密05 并列句和从句的复习要点
【构建知识体系】
语法填空 有提示词 1.动词：时态；语态；非谓语动词形式；词形转换
2.形容词：形容词和副词相互转换；比较级；最高级；反义词；词形转换
3.名词：名词单复数变化及词形转换
4.代词：人称代词的主格和宾格；形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词；反身代词
5.数词：基数词；序数词；加后缀-teen或-ty等
无提示词 1.连词 （1）并列连词but，and，or等
（2）从属连词what，that，when等
2.副词：however，therefore，so……
3.代词：it
4.冠词：an，a，the
5.介词及固定短语
6.情态动词（考查的几率较低）
【英语学科素养解读】
新课标 要求 命题解读 2020高考评价体系的说明
《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出：高英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识：词法关注词的形态变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时、态（体）等；句法关注句子结构，如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中，语法知识是“形式——意义——使用”的统一体，与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连，直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。 高中阶段英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用所学的语法知识，学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识，进一步发展英语语法意识。 语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。 《中国高考评价体系2020》 考查必备知识：词法和句法知识； 关键能力： 在具体语境中，运用语法的能力，阅读理解能力。
【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
并列句和从句高考解密
2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布
考点 题型 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句及特殊句型 、并列连词
语法填空 2022 无 2022·新高考I卷定语从句12022·全国甲卷定语从句1 2022·浙江1月定语从句 2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷and2022·全国乙卷and2022·新高考I卷and
2021 2021·全国新高考I卷主语从句 2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷which或that引导的定语从句1个；2021年1月浙江高考that/which引导的定语从句1个 2021·英语全国甲卷but；2021·全国新高考I卷and；2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷and
2020 浙江 宾语从句 全国Ⅲ 定语从句1 山东or；海南and
1.（2022·新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2.（2022·全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3.（2022·浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _____ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【答案】that/who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
4.（2022·新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ______ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。
5.（2022·全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _____ cultural exchanges.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
6.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ______ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
7.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I decided that if I learned of a company39． used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
【答案】which或that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
8.（2021年1月浙江高考）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
9.【2021·英语全国甲卷】My bike was old and shaky ______ did the job.
【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
10.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _______offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
11.【2021·浙江卷6月】Although Mary loved flowers, ______ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
【答案】neither
【解析】考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
12.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company______ emailed its president.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
13.（2021年1月浙江高考）In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ______ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
14.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. _______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
15.【2020·新高考I卷山东卷】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ______ opened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。此处是which/that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the British Museum,并在定语从句中充当主语。
16.【2020·新高考II卷海南卷】The Digital World is a set of volumes _____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
17.【2020新课标Ⅲ卷】In ancient China lived an artist ______paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
18. 【2020新课标I卷】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知,此处是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是spot,且引导词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。
19.【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】They kept their collection at home until it got too big _____ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
【答案】or
【解析】考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
20.【2020·海南省高考英语试卷（新高考全国II卷)】Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, _______discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系，所以用连词and。故填and。
21.【2020·全国III卷】Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. _____he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【答案】When/As
【解析】考查状语从句。此处是时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,可用when或as。位于句首时首字母需要大写。
22.【2020·浙江】Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on _____could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【高考预测】
纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国新高考试题还会
①文体以说明文、记叙文为主。
②上下文语境提示3-4个，单词基本形式提示6-7个。
③侧重对词汇变形的考查。
【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力
并列句和从句
【做题实践中找规律】
1.【2023·山西省大同市第二次学情调研】 “____ we don’t fool the tree, it won’t fool you. You take it seriously, and then it behaves in the same way to you. You put efforts to make it live, and the tree lives up to your expectation,” the planters say.
【答案】If
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们骗不了树，它也骗不了你。根据句意可知，此处表示条件，意为“倘若，如果”，应填连词If引导一个条件状语从句，且位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填If。
2. 【2023·山东省潍坊市期中】Apart from the usual finds, people have uncovered records of the earliest examples of Chinese writing and proof ________ they were producers of the world’s oldest wine. Another remarkable discoveries was the oldest working bone flutes (长笛).
【答案】 that
【解析】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：除了通常的发现，人们还发现了中国文字的最早例子，并证明他们是世界上最古老的葡萄酒的生产者。空后句子是同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词proof的具体内容，从句不缺成分和意义，用只起连接作用的that。故填that。
3.【2023·山东省泰安市期中】“I think it is very important for her to have a labor course at school as she can learn to appreciate manual labor ________ the hardworking spirit,” she said. “She relies on us and her teachers very much. I want her to learn how to do things by herself and become more independent.”
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：她说:“我认为对她来说，在学校学习劳动课程是非常重要的，因为她可以学会欣赏体力劳动和勤奋精神。”manual labor和the hardworking spirit是并列关系，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。
4.【2023·山东省青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区联考】The names of the engineers ______ created these wonders are lost to antiquity.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：创造这些奇迹的工程师的名字早已失传。句中先行词为engineers，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
5.【2023·辽宁省县级重点高中联合体统考】He loved the game ______ much that he invented his won method to help him do it with excellence. He went on to be a Major League pitcher for the New York Yankees, and today is an inspiration to young athletes everywhere.
【答案】so
【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。句意：他如此热爱这项运动，以至于他发明了自己的获胜方法来帮助自己取得优异成绩。根据语境可知，句子表示“他如此热爱这项运动，以至于他发明了自己的获胜方法来帮助自己取得优异成绩”，so...that...是固定搭配，意为“如此……以至于……”，因此空格处是so，修饰副词much。故填so。
规律方法：1.下列情况很可能填并列连词（and；but；or）：
(1)前面一个句子________一个句子；
(2) 一个或多个句子成分________一个句子成分。
(3)句型both..and…;not…but…;either…or…;not only…but (also)…
规律方法2： 如何判断空格处应填状语从句的连词？
（1）无提示词。
（2）在从句中不作成分。
(3) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。
（4）常根据句意填出连词。
规律方法3：如何判断空格处应填名词性从句的连接词？
（1）无提示词：注意that和whether在名词性从句中不作成分，whether有“是否”的意思。
（2）注意what在名词性从句中的选择，其在从句中作成分，通常作主语，宾语或表语。
规律方法4：什么时候填定语从句的关系词？
（1）先判断是定语从句。
（2）找准先行词，看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，然后断定填关系词。
（3）注意which引导的定语从句，常常指代前面整个句子的内容，没有确定的先行词。
（4）注意as引导的定语从句。
【变式精讲】
【例1】【2023·山东省潍坊市】The settlement’s end came around 5700 BCE when the nearby rivers overflowed and flooded the area. It is assumed that the Jiahu people left their home to settle elsewhere, even though there is no indication as to __________ that might have been.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：据推测，贾湖人离开家乡到别处定居，尽管没有迹象表明可能定居在哪里。介词短语as to (关于)，后接宾语从句，表地点，在从句中做表语，用连接副词where。故填where。
【例2】【2023·山东省泰安市期中】Song Xiaoning, mother of a first grader in Beijing, said she looks forward to ________ her daughter will learn at the new once-a-week labor course.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：北京一名一年级学生的母亲Song Xiaoning说，她很期待女儿在每周一次的新劳动课程上学到的东西。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
【例3】【2023·山东省青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区联考】
Civil engineering is the design and construction of public works, such as dams, bridges and other large infrastructure projects. It is one of the oldest branches of engineering, dating back to when people first started living in permanent settlements ______ began shaping their environments to suit their needs.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：它是工程学最古老的分支之一，可以追溯到人们最初开始居住在永久定居点并开始根据自己的需要改造环境的时候。根据句中动词started和began可知，这两个动作是并列关系。故填and。
【例4】【2023·辽宁省县级重点高中联合体统考】A pitcher needs to throw the ball with one hand and wear a baseball glove on the other—something ________ Jim couldn’t do.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：投手需要用一只手投球，另一只手戴上棒球手套——这是Jim做不到的。“Jim couldn’t do”是定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词something是不定代词，关系代词只用that，故填that。
