【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义
语法填空
解密04 非谓语动词的复习要点
【构建知识体系】
语法填空 有提示词 1.动词:时态;语态;非谓语动词形式;词形转换
2.形容词:形容词和副词相互转换;比较级;最高级;反义词;词形转换
3.名词:名词单复数变化及词形转换
4.代词:人称代词的主格和宾格;形容词性物主代词;名词性物主代词;反身代词
5.数词:基数词;序数词;加后缀-teen或-ty等
无提示词 1.连词 (1)并列连词but,and,or等
(2)从属连词what,that,when等
2.副词:however,therefore,so……
3.代词:it
4.冠词:an,a,the
5.介词及固定短语
6.情态动词(考查的几率较低)
【英语学科素养解读】
新课标 要求 命题解读 2020高考评价体系的说明
《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出:高英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识:词法关注词的形态变化,如名词的数、格,动词的时、态(体)等;句法关注句子结构,如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中,语法知识是“形式——意义——使用”的统一体,与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连,直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。 高中阶段英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用所学的语法知识,学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识,进一步发展英语语法意识。 语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。 《中国高考评价体系2020》 考查必备知识:词法和句法知识; 关键能力: 在具体语境中,运用语法的能力,阅读理解能力。
【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
非谓语动词高考解密
2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布
考点 题型 分词 不定式 动名词
语法填空 22 2022·新高考I卷Covering2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷falling2022·全国甲卷held;planning2022·全国乙卷inviting 2022·新高考I卷to increase2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷to see2022·全国甲卷to journey2022·全国乙卷to strengthen 无
21 2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷thinking;2021年1月浙江高考studied;living 2021·英语全国甲卷to walk;2021·全国高考乙卷to have;2021·浙江卷6月to plant;2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷to educate 2021·英语全国甲卷spending;2021·全国高考乙卷visiting
20 全国II coming 全国III surrounding全国II decorated 全国Ⅰ to find 全国II to care 全国III to find 无
【发现规律】由上表可知,非谓语动词在高考中的考查重点是分词和不定式。
1.(2022·新高考I卷)__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
2.(2022·新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ______ (fall) child.
4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ______ (see) them.
5.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
6.(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
7.(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
8.(2022·全国乙卷)__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
9.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, __________ (think)it is food.
10.(2021年1月浙江高考)In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries _________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
11.(2021年1月浙江高考)This may be due to some disadvantages for people _______(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
12.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It is possible _______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
13.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
14.【2021·浙江卷6月】A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _________ (plant)flowers in the front yard.
15.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too.
16.【2021·英语全国甲卷】After _______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
17.【2021·全国高考乙卷】·Minimize the impact of ______(visit)the place.
18.(2020·新课标I卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _____ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
19. (2020·新课标II卷)They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents.
20. (2020·新课标III卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out ______ (find) the well-known painter.
21. (2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ______(change)lives.
22.(2020·新课标II卷)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
23. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
24. (2020·新课标III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
25.(2020·山东新高考) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _____(walk)through a rainforest.
【高考预测】
纵观近几年全国高考试题,预测2023年全国新高考试题还会
①文体以说明文、记叙文为主。
②上下文语境提示3-4个,单词基本形式提示6-7个。
③侧重对词汇变形的考查。
【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力
非谓语动词
【做题实践中找规律】
1.【2023·重庆市强基联合体检测】In June, the world’s biggest trial of a four-day work week kicked off in the UK. More than 3,300 workers, based throughout the UK and ______(represent) more than 30 sectors of the UK economy, began receiving 100% of the pay for 80% of the time.
2.【2023·重庆市强基联合体检测】The campaign is aimed at enhancing employees’ willingness ______(adjust) the work-life balance and stimulating higher work efficiency.
3.【2023·湘豫名校联考(二)】The extinction of the Chinese Paddlefish (白鲟) and wild Yangtze Sturgeon (鲟鱼), ________ (declare) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), started a wave of comments on China’s social media platforms recently urging more environmental protection.
4.【2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市四校联考】The Porcelain Capital, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, which has been praised for thousands of years, will be certain ________ (satisfy) your appetite for beauty.
5.【2023·河北省部分学校联考】Shenzhen, a city that pioneered reform and opening-up in China, will allow fully autonomous vehicles ________ (run) on certain roads.
规律方法:规律方法:如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词?
(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类,即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导,如果句子中出现了连词,应选谓语动词形式;如果两个结构中未出现连词,则考虑用非谓语动词。
(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致,找不到其逻辑主语时,整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证,不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点:
①如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,可用现在分词;
②如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,可用过去分词。
(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点,也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词,我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间;对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间,即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done,having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生;to be doing,doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
(4) 正确判断是否使用不定式通常有以下依据:
①出现频率最高的是动词不定式作目的状语,判断的方法:前面有一个动词,后在跟一个动词,很可能是不定式作目的状语。
②不定式作结果状语,表示意外的结果。通常是only to do的形式。
③不定式作定语:the way to do sth;the chance to do sth; the opportunity to do sth; the first_____ to
do sth ......
④不定式作宾语:常用的动词want;like等
⑤不定式作宾补:ask sb to do sth;prefer sb to do sth等
(4) 正确判断动名词的方法:
①动名词及短语作主语、宾语、表语;
②动名词作定语表示用途和性质;
③介词后用动名词;
④有些动词后接动名词作宾语;
⑤形容词性物主代词、代词宾格后可能是动名词。
【变式精讲】
【例1】【2023·河北省部分学校联考】The new rule, ________ (schedule) to come into force on August 1, 2022, also clarified rules for liability (责任) in car accidents that involve autonomous driving, ________ (help) to fill the legal gap in China’s smart car industry.
【例2】【2023·重庆市月考】It is a________ (move) story between Zhong Jing, a doctor, and the villagers in Longhe Village, Longchang Town, Qianxinan Bouyei and Miso Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province.
【例3】【2023·重庆市月考】She often makes calls to some with diseases such as high blood pressure. “I need to remind them ________ (come) to have their blood pressure and blood sugar tested,” she says.
【例4】【2023·山西省临汾市月考】As a sacred thing _______ (love) by Chinese people, the dragon is inclusive in all kinds of traditional Chinese art, like sculpture, painting and embroidery (刺绣).
【例5】【2023·山西省临汾市月考】Chen Rong is a painter in the thirteenth century and good at _________ (paint) various dragons. Many other painters, such as Cao Buxing and Zhang Zengyao, are also famous for their dragon paintings.【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义
语法填空
解密04 非谓语动词的复习要点
【构建知识体系】
语法填空 有提示词 1.动词:时态;语态;非谓语动词形式;词形转换
2.形容词:形容词和副词相互转换;比较级;最高级;反义词;词形转换
3.名词:名词单复数变化及词形转换
4.代词:人称代词的主格和宾格;形容词性物主代词;名词性物主代词;反身代词
5.数词:基数词;序数词;加后缀-teen或-ty等
无提示词 1.连词 (1)并列连词but,and,or等
(2)从属连词what,that,when等
2.副词:however,therefore,so……
3.代词:it
4.冠词:an,a,the
5.介词及固定短语
6.情态动词(考查的几率较低)
【英语学科素养解读】
新课标 要求 命题解读 2020高考评价体系的说明
《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出:高英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识:词法关注词的形态变化,如名词的数、格,动词的时、态(体)等;句法关注句子结构,如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中,语法知识是“形式——意义——使用”的统一体,与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连,直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。 高中阶段英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用所学的语法知识,学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识,进一步发展英语语法意识。 语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。 《中国高考评价体系2020》 考查必备知识:词法和句法知识; 关键能力: 在具体语境中,运用语法的能力,阅读理解能力。
【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
非谓语动词高考解密
2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布
考点 题型 分词 不定式 动名词
语法填空 22 2022·新高考I卷Covering2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷falling2022·全国甲卷held;planning2022·全国乙卷inviting 2022·新高考I卷to increase2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷to see2022·全国甲卷to journey2022·全国乙卷to strengthen 无
21 2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷thinking;2021年1月浙江高考studied;living 2021·英语全国甲卷to walk;2021·全国高考乙卷to have;2021·浙江卷6月to plant;2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷to educate 2021·英语全国甲卷spending;2021·全国高考乙卷visiting
20 全国II coming 全国III surrounding全国II decorated 全国Ⅰ to find 全国II to care 全国III to find 无
【发现规律】由上表可知,非谓语动词在高考中的考查重点是分词和不定式。
1.(2022·新高考I卷)__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【答案】Covering
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
2.(2022·新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ______ (fall) child.
【答案】falling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ______ (see) them.
【答案】to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
5.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
6.(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
【答案】held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词decided,所以hold应用非谓语动词形式,hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语,表被动。故填held。
7.(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】planning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词flew,所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式,plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故填planning。
8.(2022·全国乙卷)__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
【答案】to strengthen; inviting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。第一空:句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空:句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
9.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, __________ (think)it is food.
【答案】thinking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,________ (think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。
10.(2021年1月浙江高考)In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries _________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied。
11(2021年1月浙江高考)This may be due to some disadvantages for people _______(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living。
12.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It is possible _______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”,it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
13.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在,目的是”。故填to have。
14.【2021·浙江卷6月】A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _________ (plant)flowers in the front yard.
【答案】to plant
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
15.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too.
【答案】to educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
16.【2021·英语全国甲卷】After _______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查动名词。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处After为介词,故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
17.【2021·全国高考乙卷】·Minimize the impact of ______(visit)the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词。句意:最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知,空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
18.(2020·新课标I卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _____ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
19. (2020·新课标II卷)They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents.
【答案】 to care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
20. (2020·新课标III卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out ______ (find) the well-known painter.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
21. (2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ______(change)lives.
【答案】 to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
22.(2020·新课标II卷)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
23. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
24. (2020·新课标III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】 surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
25.(2020·山东新高考) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _____(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
【高考预测】
纵观近几年全国高考试题,预测2023年全国新高考试题还会
①文体以说明文、记叙文为主。
②上下文语境提示3-4个,单词基本形式提示6-7个。
③侧重对词汇变形的考查。
【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力
非谓语动词
【做题实践中找规律】
1.【2023·重庆市强基联合体检测】In June, the world’s biggest trial of a four-day work week kicked off in the UK. More than 3,300 workers, based throughout the UK and ______(represent) more than 30 sectors of the UK economy, began receiving 100% of the pay for 80% of the time.
【答案】representing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:来自英国各地、代表英国30多个经济部门的3300多名工人开始在80%的时间内获得100%的工资。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词began,所以represent应该用非谓语动词形式,它的逻辑主语是workers,两者间是主动关系,所以此处应该是用现在分词。故填representing。
2.【2023·重庆市强基联合体检测】The campaign is aimed at enhancing employees’ willingness ______(adjust) the work-life balance and stimulating higher work efficiency.
【答案】to adjust
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该活动旨在增强员工调整工作与生活平衡的意愿,提高工作效率。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词is,所以adjust应使用非谓语动词,作willingness的定语应用不定式形式。故填to adjust。
3.【2023·湘豫名校联考(二)】The extinction of the Chinese Paddlefish (白鲟) and wild Yangtze Sturgeon (鲟鱼), ________ (declare) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), started a wave of comments on China’s social media platforms recently urging more environmental protection.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)宣布中华白鲟和野生长江鲟灭绝,在中国社交媒体平台上引发了一波呼吁加强环境保护的评论。分析句子可知,此处作后置定语,动词declare与名词extinction构成动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语,故填declared。
4.【2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市四校联考】The Porcelain Capital, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, which has been praised for thousands of years, will be certain ________ (satisfy) your appetite for beauty.
【答案】to satisfy
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:千百年来备受赞誉的江西省景德镇是瓷器之都,一定会满足你的审美欲望。此处为固定短语be certain to do sth.表示“一定会做某事”。故填to satisfy。
5.【2023·河北省部分学校联考】Shenzhen, a city that pioneered reform and opening-up in China, will allow fully autonomous vehicles ________ (run) on certain roads.
【答案】to run
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为中国改革开放的先驱城市,深圳将允许全自动驾驶汽车在某些道路上行驶。固定短语allow sb. to do sth.允许某人作某事。故设空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to run。
规律方法:如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词?
(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类,即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导,如果句子中出现了连词,应选谓语动词形式;如果两个结构中未出现连词,则考虑用非谓语动词。
(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致,找不到其逻辑主语时,整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证,不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点:
①如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,可用现在分词;
②如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,可用过去分词。
(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点,也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词,我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间;对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间,即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done,having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生;to be doing,doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
(4) 正确判断是否使用不定式通常有以下依据:
①出现频率最高的是动词不定式作目的状语,判断的方法:前面有一个动词,后在跟一个动词,很可能是不定式作目的状语。
②不定式作结果状语,表示意外的结果。通常是only to do的形式。
③不定式作定语:the way to do sth;the chance to do sth; the opportunity to do sth; the first_____ to
do sth ......
④不定式作宾语:常用的动词want;like等
⑤不定式作宾补:ask sb to do sth;prefer sb to do sth等
(5) 正确判断动名词的方法:
①动名词及短语作主语、宾语、表语;
②动名词作定语表示用途和性质;
③介词后用动名词;
④有些动词后接动名词作宾语;
⑤形容词性物主代词、代词宾格后可能是动名词。
【变式精讲】
【例1】【2023·河北省部分学校联考】The new rule, ________ (schedule) to come into force on August 1, 2022, also clarified rules for liability (责任) in car accidents that involve autonomous driving, ________ (help) to fill the legal gap in China’s smart car industry.
【答案】scheduled ;helping
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:新规定将于2022年8月1日生效,还明确了涉及自动驾驶的汽车事故的责任规定,有助于填补中国智能汽车行业的法律空白。分析句子可知,空处为后置定语,修饰前面的名词the new rule,两者之间为逻辑的被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填scheduled。
考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作非谓语,和句子的逻辑主语The new rule之间是逻辑的主动关系,此处用现在分词作伴随状语。故填helping。
【例2】【2023·重庆市月考】It is a________ (move) story between Zhong Jing, a doctor, and the villagers in Longhe Village, Longchang Town, Qianxinan Bouyei and Miso Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province.
【答案】moving
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这是一个发生在贵州省黔西南布依族米索自治州龙场镇龙河村的医生钟静和村民之间的感人故事。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作定语,修饰后面的名词story,此处应填形容词。根据句意可知,此处表示“令人感动的故事”,应用形容词moving。故填moving。
【例3】【2023·重庆市月考】She often makes calls to some with diseases such as high blood pressure. “I need to remind them ________ (come) to have their blood pressure and blood sugar tested,” she says.
【答案】to come
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我要提醒他们来测血压和血糖。根据句意可知,此处表示“提醒某人做某事”,常用固定结构remind sb to do sth,故设空处需填to do不定式,作宾语补足语。故填to come。
【例4】【2023·山西省临汾市月考】As a sacred thing _______ (love) by Chinese people, the dragon is inclusive in all kinds of traditional Chinese art, like sculpture, painting and embroidery (刺绣).
【答案】loved
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:龙是中国人喜爱的神圣之物,它包容在中国的各种传统艺术中,如雕塑、绘画和刺绣。分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词“is inclusive in”,故空格处应用非谓语动词,“thing”和“love”为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用“love”的过去分词,作后置定语。故填loved。
【例5】【2023·山西省临汾市月考】Chen Rong is a painter in the thirteenth century and good at _________ (paint) various dragons. Many other painters, such as Cao Buxing and Zhang Zengyao, are also famous for their dragon paintings.
【答案】painting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:陈容是十三世纪的画家,擅长画各种各样的龙。句中涉及固定短语“be good at doing sth.”,意为“擅长做某事”,空格处应用动名词作宾语。故填painting。