【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义
语法填空
解密03 时态、语态、语气的复习要点
【构建知识体系】
语法填空 有提示词 1.动词：时态；语态；非谓语动词形式；词形转换
2.形容词：形容词和副词相互转换；比较级；最高级；反义词；词形转换
3.名词：名词单复数变化及词形转换
4.代词：人称代词的主格和宾格；形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词；反身代词
5.数词：基数词；序数词；加后缀-teen或-ty等
无提示词 1.连词 （1）并列连词but，and，or等
（2）从属连词what，that，when等
2.副词：however，therefore，so……
3.代词：it
4.冠词：an，a，the
5.介词及固定短语
6.情态动词（考查的几率较低）
【英语学科素养解读】
新课标 要求 命题解读 2020高考评价体系的说明
《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出：高英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识：词法关注词的形态变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时、态（体）等；句法关注句子结构，如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中，语法知识是“形式——意义——使用”的统一体，与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连，直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。 高中阶段英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用所学的语法知识，学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识，进一步发展英语语法意识。 语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。 《中国高考评价体系2020》 考查必备知识：词法和句法知识； 关键能力： 在具体语境中，运用语法的能力，阅读理解能力。
【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
时态、语态、语气高考解密
2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布
考点 题型 时态
语法填空 年份 现在时态 过去时态 将来时态
2022 2022新高考I卷is designed2022全国甲卷has walked 2022新高考I卷were 2022新高考II卷was fixing；threw2022全国乙卷addressed 无
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷was built；hired；2021·全国新高考I卷was；2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷was （2020·新课标III卷）would be chosen
2020 2020·新课标I卷means；is constructed；2020·海南卷are encouraged；2020·山东卷are called 2020·新课标I卷touched；2020·新课标III卷would be chosen；2020·新课标III卷pointed；2020·山东卷formed 无
1.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,
2.（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
3.（2022新高考II卷）Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _____ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
4.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
5.（2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
6.【2021·英语全国甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _______ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
7.【2021·英语全国甲卷】We ______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
8.【2021·全国新高考I卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ______(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
9.【2021·浙江卷6月】Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ______ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
10.【2021·浙江卷6月】Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ______ （sell）most of their furniture.
11.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ______ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
12.（2020·新课标I卷）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it _______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _____ (construct) .＂
13.（2020·新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _____ (carry) special significance.
14.（2020·山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public ______ (call) galleries or rooms.
15.（2020·新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ______ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
16．（2020·新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would______(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
17．（2020·新课标III卷） When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ______ (point) down the river.
18.（2020·山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _______ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.
19．（2020·新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would______(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
20.（2020·海南卷）Readers ______（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【高考预测】
纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国新高考试题还会
①文体以说明文、记叙文为主。
②上下文语境提示3-4个，单词基本形式提示6-7个。
③侧重对词汇变形的考查。
【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力
时态、语态、语气
【做题实践中找规律】
1.【2023·山东省济宁市期中】Great Power, Heavy Industry tells of how China’s manufacturing industries _____ (grow) stronger in recent decades, and foreign readers can learn about the Chinese system and culture behind the country’s swift economic development, getting to know China better in the process.
2.【2023·广东省百校联盟综合能力测试】Once inside, visitors ______ (give)the opportunity to hear a performance of jing music, a style handed down over 27 generations of musicians.
3.【2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市四校联考】Porcelain, also called fine china,featuring its delicate texture, pleasing color, and refined sculpture, has been one of the best artworks introduced to the Western world through the Silk Road. The earliest one_______ (find) made of Kaolin (高岭土) in the Shang Dynasty (17th-11th century BC), and possessed the common aspects of the smoothness and unaffected quality of hard enamel (瓷釉), while pottery wares (陶器) were more widely used among most of the ordinary people.
4.【2023·湘豫名校联考（二）】The Yangtze Sturgeon, which could grow up to 8 meters (yards), was highly sensitive to increased noise on the river. Its meat _______ (consider) a delicacy in China and it was also fished as a source of caviar (鱼子酱).
5.【2023·湖南省益阳市调研】Over the course of the study, the scientists______(find) vegans had more chances of total fractures. And it resulted in close to 20 more cases per 1,000 people over a 10-year period compared to people who ate meat.
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气？
(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。
(2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法，
(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等，通常用一般现在时。
(4) 常用的现在时态的关键词有：since...; over the past ...; for+一段时间；already；yet；till now； up to now；now等。
(5) 判断是否是过去时态常见的依据：（常考的过去时态：一般过去时；过去完成时；过去进行时其他考的较少）
①有过去的具体时间状语，一般用过去时态；
②过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是一个相对的时态，必须有一般过去时作基础。或是有相关的语境；
③过去进行时强调过去的某一点时间，正在作的动作。
(6) 判断是否是将来时态的依据：（将来时考的较少）
①有比较明显的将来的时间状语，例如：tomorrow；the coming year； in the future
②根据上下文判断将来时态；
【变式精讲】
【例1】【2023·广东省百校联盟综合测试】Within many of the temple’s structures________ (be)ancient sculptures and artwork. There are also museum exhibitions with a series of photos hat let you see how the temple was before its restoration.
【例2】【2023·重庆市强基联合体检测】Similar programs _____(choose) as a solution to the low-productivity in the workplace by several countries up to now, including the United Arab
【例3】【2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学月考】With about 80 works featuring landmarks and famous people in Egypt and beyond, the 30-year-old artist said he _____ (inspire) four years ago to thoroughly grasp the art form after watching videos of a Chinese artist carving pencil lead(铅笔芯) into sculptures.
【例4】【2023·广东省广州市调研】Over the past few days, a number of forest fires ________ (break) out in Chongqing and its surrounding areas due to the extreme dry and hot weather.【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义
语法填空
解密03 时态、语态、语气的复习要点
【构建知识体系】
语法填空 有提示词 1.动词：时态；语态；非谓语动词形式；词形转换
2.形容词：形容词和副词相互转换；比较级；最高级；反义词；词形转换
3.名词：名词单复数变化及词形转换
4.代词：人称代词的主格和宾格；形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词；反身代词
5.数词：基数词；序数词；加后缀-teen或-ty等
无提示词 1.连词 （1）并列连词but，and，or等
（2）从属连词what，that，when等
2.副词：however，therefore，so……
3.代词：it
4.冠词：an，a，the
5.介词及固定短语
6.情态动词（考查的几率较低）
【英语学科素养解读】
新课标 要求 命题解读 2020高考评价体系的说明
《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出：高英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识：词法关注词的形态变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时、态（体）等；句法关注句子结构，如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中，语法知识是“形式——意义——使用”的统一体，与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连，直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。 高中阶段英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用所学的语法知识，学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识，进一步发展英语语法意识。 语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。 《中国高考评价体系2020》 考查必备知识：词法和句法知识； 关键能力： 在具体语境中，运用语法的能力，阅读理解能力。
【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
时态、语态、语气高考解密
2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布
考点 题型 时态
语法填空 年份 现在时态 过去时态 将来时态
2022 2022新高考I卷is designed2022全国甲卷has walked 2022新高考I卷were 2022新高考II卷was fixing；threw2022全国乙卷addressed 无
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷was built；hired；2021·全国新高考I卷was；2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷was （2020·新课标III卷）would be chosen
2020 2020·新课标I卷means；is constructed；2020·海南卷are encouraged；2020·山东卷are called 2020·新课标I卷touched；2020·新课标III卷would be chosen；2020·新课标III卷pointed；2020·山东卷formed 无
1.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
2.（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
【答案】is designed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
3.（2022新高考II卷）Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _____ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【答案】was fixing；threw
【解析】42．考查动词时态。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
43．考查动词时态。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
4.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
【答案】has walked
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
5.（2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
【答案】addressed
【解析】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
6.【2021·英语全国甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _______ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【答案】was built
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
7.【2021·英语全国甲卷】We ______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
8.【2021·全国新高考I卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ______(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
9.【2021·浙江卷6月】Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ______ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
10.【2021·浙江卷6月】Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ______ （sell）most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
11.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ______ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
【答案】was
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
12.（2020·新课标I卷）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it _______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _____ (construct) .＂
【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
13.（2020·新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _____ (carry) special significance.
【答案】carries
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语,且从句主语是动名词短语,故用单数形式,且与主句的is呼应,故用一般现在时。故填carries。
14.（2020·山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public ______ (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
15.（2020·新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ______ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
16．（2020·新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would______(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
17．（2020·新课标III卷） When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ______ (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
18.（2020·山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _______ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
19．（2020·新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would______(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
20.（2020·海南卷）Readers ______（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】are encouraged
【解析】考查语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
【高考预测】
纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国新高考试题还会
①文体以说明文、记叙文为主。
②上下文语境提示3-4个，单词基本形式提示6-7个。
③侧重对词汇变形的考查。
【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力
时态、语态、语气
【做题实践中找规律】
1.【2023·山东省济宁市期中】Great Power, Heavy Industry tells of how China’s manufacturing industries _____ (grow) stronger in recent decades, and foreign readers can learn about the Chinese system and culture behind the country’s swift economic development, getting to know China better in the process.
【答案】have grown
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：《大国，重工业》讲述了中国制造业在近几十年是如何发展壮大的，外国读者可以了解中国经济快速发展背后的中国制度和文化，在这个过程中更好地了解中国。设空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语in recent decades，可知句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为industries，结合主谓一致。故填have grown。
2.【2023·广东省百校联盟综合能力测试】Once inside, visitors ______ (give)the opportunity to hear a performance of jing music, a style handed down over 27 generations of musicians.
【答案】are given
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：一旦进到里面，游客就有机会听到京音乐的表演，这种风格是27代音乐家的传承。此空处应该是句子的谓语，give与主语visitors之间为被动关系，主语是复数，根据时态一致的原则，使用一般现在时态。故填are given。
3.【2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市四校联考】Porcelain, also called fine china,featuring its delicate texture, pleasing color, and refined sculpture, has been one of the best artworks introduced to the Western world through the Silk Road. The earliest one_______ (find) made of Kaolin (高岭土) in the Shang Dynasty (17th-11th century BC), and possessed the common aspects of the smoothness and unaffected quality of hard enamel (瓷釉), while pottery wares (陶器) were more widely used among most of the ordinary people.
【答案】was found
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：发现的最早的瓷器是商代（公元前17—11世纪）用高岭土制成的，具有硬瓷釉光滑和质感纯正的共同特点，而陶器在大多数普通人中使用得更为广泛。主语The earliest one与谓语动词find构成被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为The earliest one，谓语用单数。故填was found。
4.【2023·湘豫名校联考（二）】The Yangtze Sturgeon, which could grow up to 8 meters (yards), was highly sensitive to increased noise on the river. Its meat _______ (consider) a delicacy in China and it was also fished as a source of caviar (鱼子酱).
【答案】was considered
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：它的肉在中国被认为是一种美味，也被捕捞作为鱼子酱的来源。分析句子可知，consider作谓语，由下文的was可知用一般过去时，meat与consider是动宾关系，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was considered。
5.【2023·湖南省益阳市调研】Over the course of the study, the scientists______(find) vegans had more chances of total fractures. And it resulted in close to 20 more cases per 1,000 people over a 10-year period compared to people who ate meat.
【答案】found
【解析】考查时态。句意：在研究过程中，科学家们发现纯素食者发生完全骨折的几率更高。设空处为谓语动词，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填found。
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气？
(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。
(2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法，
(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等，通常用一般现在时。
(4) 常用的现在时态的关键词有：since...; over the past ...; for+一段时间；already；yet；till now； up to now；now等。
(5) 判断是否是过去时态常见的依据：（常考的过去时态：一般过去时；过去完成时；过去进行时其他考的较少）
①有过去的具体时间状语，一般用过去时态；
②过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是一个相对的时态，必须有一般过去时作基础。或是有相关的语境；
③过去进行时强调过去的某一点时间，正在作的动作。
(6) 判断是否是将来时态的依据：（将来时考的较少）
①有比较明显的将来的时间状语，例如：tomorrow；the coming year； in the future
②根据上下文判断将来时态；
【变式精讲】
【例1】【2023·广东省百校联盟综合测试】Within many of the temple’s structures________ (be)ancient sculptures and artwork. There are also museum exhibitions with a series of photos hat let you see how the temple was before its restoration.
【答案】are
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在寺庙的许多建筑中，都有古老的雕塑和艺术品。分析句子结构可知，该句为倒装句，句子的主语为ancient sculptures and artwork，是复数，be为系动词无被动。故填are。
【例2】【2023·重庆市强基联合体检测】Similar programs _____(choose) as a solution to the low-productivity in the workplace by several countries up to now, including the United Arab Emirates, Belgium, etc.
【答案】have been chosen
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，阿拉伯联合酋长国、比利时等多个国家都选择了类似的方案来解决工作场所的低生产率问题。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以choose作本句谓语，主语是programs，两者间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，时间状语up to now是现在完成时的标志，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been chosen。
【例3】【2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学月考】With about 80 works featuring landmarks and famous people in Egypt and beyond, the 30-year-old artist said he _____ (inspire) four years ago to thoroughly grasp the art form after watching videos of a Chinese artist carving pencil lead(铅笔芯) into sculptures.
【答案】was inspired
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：这位30岁的艺术家大约有80件作品，以埃及等地的地标和名人为特色。他说，四年前，他观看了一位中国艺术家将铅笔头雕刻成雕塑的视频，之后他受到启发，彻底掌握了这种艺术形式。根据后文句意可知，他是深受一位中国艺术家的启发，所以he和inspire之间为被动关系；又因文章描述的是过去的一件事情，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was inspired。
【例4】【2023·广东省广州市调研】Over the past few days, a number of forest fires ________ (break) out in Chongqing and its surrounding areas due to the extreme dry and hot weather.
【答案】have broken
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：过去几天，由于极端干燥和炎热的天气，重庆及其周边地区发生了多起森林火灾。根据句意和句中“Over the past few days”可知，句子应用现在完成时，a number of后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式，“a number of forest fires”和“have”连用，“break”的过去分词为“broken”，故空格处应填“have broken”。故填have broken。
