阅读理解 解密01 推理判断（分层训练） (
分层练A
)
1.【山东省济宁邹城市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】
Every April, I find myself troubled by the same concern—that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. On May 3, I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of pressing a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green.
Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark branches stretch out in unpruned (未经修剪的) abandon.
Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out to prune (修剪) a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches (门廊). These were people I barely knew, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak. “You’re not going to cut it down, are you ” she asked anxiously.
Soon, half the neighborhood joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder.
Just the other day, I saw one neighbor at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.”
1．How did the author feel about the sudden change of the view
A．Frightened. B．Depressed. C．Surprised. D．Annoyed.
2．Why did the neighbors open their windows and step out
A．They intended to greet the author.
B．They felt astonished to notice a stranger.
C．They meant to protect their personal gardens.
D．They wondered what might happen to the tree.
3．What can be inferred about the apple tree in the neighborhood’
A．It served as a bond. B．It was left unattended.
C．It stayed in a poor condition. D．It proved to be unappealing.
4．What did the neighbor value most according to the last paragraph
A．The arrival of spring. B．The neighborhood gathering.
C．The pruning of the apple tree. D．Entertainment in the long winter.
2.【四川省内江市重点中学2022-2023学年高三上学期一诊】
“You will be in my heart forever. Without you, there are only emptiness and desert in my life...” This is a line from a heartfelt poem Feng Duan wrote to his fiancee Chen Lianfang in 1955.
Feng is now 94 and Chen 90, and they have been married for more than half a century. Feng, an academic at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, may not be a professional poet but for 64 years, Feng has written countless love poems to his wife. On every important anniversary or festival, Feng would send a poem to Chen. In 1978, when Chen’s cancer surgery succeeded, Feng created more than ten poems to celebrate his wife’s recovery. Chen used a red suitcase to store these love poems. The academic has also translated many English, French and German poems into classical Chinese.
The couple was introduced to each other by a common friend in 1953 and Feng sent two paper copies of poems to Chen as a gift.
“As long as I think of you, a beam of sunshine lights up my heart,” Feng wrote.
Chen recalled the first time Feng invited her to his dormitory to have a cup of tea and she thought the cup was made of frosted glass. As the two became closer, Chen often visited the academic’s dorm. She realized that the cup was the only one poor Feng owned. The opaque (不透明的) cup was not frosted glass but common glass stained with toothpaste.
Later she bought many clothes and even a stove for Feng, making a nice change from the single man s life. Feng’s marriage to Chen brought more happiness and now Chen still looks after Feng’s daily needs.
1．When Feng first met Chen, he was .
A．32 B．30
C．28 D．26
2．What change did Chen bring to Feng
A．Chen made a great difference to Feng’s daily life.
B．Chen changed Feng’s academic life greatly.
C．Chen wrote a lot of poems to Feng.
D．Chen introduced a lot of friends to Feng.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Chen and Feng happened to meet each other on the campus.
B．Feng wrote many poems in different languages.
C．Chen cherished the poems Feng wrote to her.
D．Feng liked his opaque cup so much.
4．The writer wrote the passage to show .
A．how a famous poet writes love poems to his wife
B．how the love poems join two hearts together
C．how important love poems are in the marriage
D．how the love poems make the couple famous
3.【陕西省宝鸡教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量检测（四）】
What do you do with your clothes that you don’t want to wear anymore Through cutting, stitching(缝)and redesigning. Baxter Salzwedel has found a fashionable way to be sustainnble(可持续的).
In March, recycling clothes earned the 17-year-old from Elkhart Lake-Glenbeulah High School in Wisconsin, US, a finalist spot in the Young Entrepreneurs competition. The competition was hosted by Junior Achievement of Wisconsin, a non-profit organization. He won a scholarship of $10, 000 for his sustainable clothing brand The Mad Patcher.
In the beginning. Salzwedel just worked with clothes for fun. He learned his sewing skills at a young age from his grandmother. He then started to tear up his old jeans to try and create cool new designs. The fun hobby quickly turned into a business for Salzwedel when his friends and classmates started asking him to make customized clothing for them.
“So many people wanted them that I wasn’t going to make 150 pairs of pants for free, so that was when 1 had to start making a business out of it, ” Salzwedel told the Sheboygan Press.
In 2021, Salzwedel started his clothing brand. He uses colourful and patterned fabrics(布 料) from other clothes to create his patchwork(拼接) designs, like jeans, shirts and jackets. He only uses donated or recycled materials to ensure maximum sustainability.
Salzwedel has earned thousands of dollars through selling his clothes, and he donated 25 percent of his profits to non-profit organizations.
Talking about the competition, Salzwedel said, “It was exciting to do that and meet all sorts of young people with similar ideas. ” The teenager planned to use the prize to attend the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York. The college is one of the most famous fashion schools in the world. Meanwhile, he will continue doing his business even after he graduates. For Salzwedel, The Mad Patcher is a lifelong project worth working on.
1．What inspired Salzwedel to do business
A．His interest in fashion design.
B．The popularity of his pants.
C．His grandmother’s encouragement.
D．The growing problem of fashion waste.
2．What does the text tell us about The Mad Patcher
A．It aims to promote second-hand clothes.
B．It uses donated materials to reduce costs.
C．It produces sustainable fashion products.
D．It copies designs from well-established brands.
3．What does Salzwedel plan to do with the scholarship
A．Grow his clothing brand.
B．Earn a degree in fashion.
C．Donate it to a fashion school.
D．Cooperate with like-minded people.
4．Which of the following can best describe Salzwedel
A．Strong but selfish.
B．Brave and determined.
C．Talented but negative.
D．Creative and generous.
4.【江苏省苏州高新区第一中学2021-2022学年高三一模】
Stargazers can visit famous dark-sky parks in the world and enjoy unpolluted views of night skies. Let's take a deeper dive into what you'll see at the dark-sky parks.
Joshua Tree National Park, California
Joshua Tree National Park is a popular attraction for stargazers living on the west coast. Despite being influenced by light pollution on its western borders from Coachella Valley cities, its relative isolation from major cities in the east(with Phoenix being the closest city area some 300 miles away), provides it with some of the darkest skies in California.
Elqui Valley, Chile
A popular wine region centered on the Elqui River in northern Chile, the Elqui Valley also offers ideal conditions(high-altitude, low-population, limited cloud cover) for uncorking a bottle and toasting the heavens above. Spanning some 90,000 acres, the region has the distinction of being named the first-ever Dark Sky Sanctuary by the International Astronomical Union in 2015.
It's also home to nearly a dozen observatories, boutique stargazing hotels and a large variety of tours that cover both cosmic and daytime spectacles.
Wadi Rum, Jordan
One of Jordan's most valuable tourist destinations, Wadi Rum is an otherworldly mountain desert featuring dramatic rock formations and wind-swept rust-colored dunes. Wadi Rum is an incredible landscape too (used for a lot of sci-fi movies like Rogue One, Prometheus and The Martian) and it's one of the dark places where you can just sit and look up at the wonder of the night sky with very little interruption.
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, America
It's no surprise that Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve has been building a reputation for good night sky viewing. The dry air, high elevation, and lack of light pollution all make the park an ideal dark-sky destination.
The Sangre de Cristo Mountains block much of the sky glow coming from nearby cities, shrouding(遮蔽，笼罩)the park-with its 149,164 acres of dunes, wetlands, grasslands, forests and alpine tundra-in darkness.
1．What do we know about Joshua Tree National Park
A．It is relatively separated from major cities.
B．It is the first dark sky park in the world.
C．It is affected by no light pollution.
D．It is named as the darkest sky in the world.
2．What helps prevent Great Sand Dunes from light
A．The wetlands. B．The sand dune.
C．The forests. D．The mountains.
3．Who are the intended readers of the text
A．Park goers. B．Space explorers.
C．Star observers. D．Adventurous campers.
5. 【 “皖江名校”高三决战高考最后一卷】
The stomach is an extremely strong organ, full of acid to break down each meal. In order to prevent this acid from burning a hole in our stomachs and damaging other organs, our stomach lining is specially adapted to contain the acid safely.
H. pylori are able to live in the stomach by living in the lining, safe from harsh stomach acid. These bacteria are actually pretty common in people, approximately a third of Australians have H. pylori in their bodies, but not all have symptoms.
The bacteria can eventually create infection in stomach lining, a condition known as gastritis (胃炎）, by wearing away the lining and allowing stomach acid to burn away stomach tissue, causing painful ulcers (溃疡）。
Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid. The cause of stomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices: stress, smoking, spicy foods; the stomach acid was breaking through the lining on its own.
This belief was first questioned in 1979 by Robin Warren, an Australian pathologist, who found bacteria on a microscope slide containing the stomach lining of a patient with gastritis. In the years that followed Warren continued his research.
Warren then teamed up with Barry Marshall in 1981 and the two continued with the research, trying to separate the mystery bacteria and find a cure. Over the next three years, they tested their theories with some positive results, however the idea that bacteria could be the cause of gastritis was not widely accepted or even acknowledged.
Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Barry Marshall decided to test on himself. He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers. Marshall then began to cure himself by taking a dose of antibiotics (抗生素）. This once and for all proved not only that bacteria could grow in stomach acid, but it could also cause gastritis and stomach ulcers.
Eventually, the world fully acknowledged Warren and Marshall's huge contribution to science and medicine and the two were awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine in 2005. Twenty-six years after Robin Warren first began his research.
1．Why did the academics initially refuse to accept that H. pylori caused gastritis
A．Lifestyle choices caused stomach ulcers.
B．Stomach acid could break through the lining on its own.
C．They thought that bacteria couldn't survive in the stomach.
D．The Australian pathologist Robin Warren provided no evidence.
2．How did Barry Marshall prove that H. pylori caused gastritis
A．Choosing unhealthy lifestyles. B．Introducing H. pylori to his own stomach.
C．Finding the bacteria on stomach lining. D．Growing H. pylori in the lab.
3．What can we infer from the text
A．Scientific progress takes time. B．Science guides medical practices.
C．Warren is not a productive scientist. D．Only Marshall deserves the prize.
4．The text is most likely written to .
A．Chemists B．Patients C．Researchers D．The general public
(
分层练B
)
1.【江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量调研（三）】
Get stuck into chemistry with these fascinating guides.
An Elementary Guide to the Periodic Table
by Gill Arbuthnott(Bloomsbury Children’s Books)
There are lots of funny stories, fascinating facts and interesting explanations packed into this book, which aims to provide a good introduction to the periodic table. As well as plenty of information, there are lots of eye-catching diagrams and illustrations.
Exploring the Elements
by Isabel Thomas. Illustrated by Sara Gillingham(Phaidon Press)
This beautifully designed book provides an introductory guide to the chemical elements — where they are found, their properties and the remark able ways we’ve learned to use them. Smart and stylish, the book even comes with an illustrated periodic table.
The Elements in the Room
by Mike Barfield. Illustrated by Lauren Humphrey(Laurence King)
As the candidate for lots of awards, this entertaining book invites you to join detective Sherlock Ohms as he tries to solve the mystery of how absolutely everything came to exist. This is a fun way to learn about the basics of chemical elements, from aluminum to zinc.
The Periodic Table Book
by Darling Kindersley, Ltd
If you are just starting your chemistry learning, look no further than this comprehensive visual encyclopedia, which is packed with stunning photographs. It covers all the basics of chemistry, with information about the different elements, and you’ll also learn about some of the famous scientists who discovered them.
1．Which book can explain the application of the elements
A．An Elementary Guide to the Periodic Table B．Exploring the Elements
C．The Elements in the Room D．The Periodic Table Book
2．How is Mike Barfield’s book different from the other books
A．It contains an illustrated periodic table. B．It includes interesting stories and facts.
C．It introduces some of the famous chemists. D．It has the potential for winning prizes.
3．Who are the four books especially intended for
A．Chemistry researchers. B．Chemistry majors.
C．Chemistry beginners. D．Chemistry teachers.
2.【江苏省新高考基地学校2022-2023学年高三12月第三次大联考】
Carpenter is the lead author of a paper in Nature Reviews Psychology that examined more than 100 years of research on learning.
“The benefits of spacing and retrieval practice have been confirmed over and over in studies in labs, classrooms, workplaces, but the reason why we’re presenting this research is that these two techniques haven’t fully caught on. If they were employed all the time, we’d see big increases in learning,” said Carpenter.
In the paper, Carpenter and her co-authors describe spacing as a strategy to learn in small amounts over time. It’s the opposite of cramming (塞满) the night before an exam. In one study, medical students who received repeated surgery training over three weeks performed better and faster on tests 2 weeks and 1 year later compared to medical students who had the same training all on one day.
Carpenter says there isn’t a universal rule about how much time to schedule between practice sessions. But research shows returning to the material after forgetting some—but not all—of the content is effective.
Retrieval practice is a strategy that involves recalling what was learned previously. It can take many forms, including flash cards, practice tests and open-ended writing prompts, and helps learners recognize what they do and don’t know. The paper’s authors emphasize that people who check their responses for errors or get feedback right away learn even better. More than 200 studies show people generally maintain more information for longer periods of time with retrieval practice compared to strategies that do not involve retrieval (e.g., re-reading a textbook.)
The authors argue people who combine spacing and retrieval practice have the best chance of remembering information.
“Forgetting is a very natural thing; you can’t stop forgetting even if you try, but you can slow down forgetting by using retrieval practice and spacing,” said Carpenter.
Carpenter says she uses digital tools (e.g., online practice quizzes, clicker questions) to incorporate retrieval practice and spacing into her university courses, but there are other ways to bring these strategies into the classroom.
1．Why do the author and his group present this research
A．Because people don’t accept the two techniques.
B．Because the two techniques haven’t popularized.
C．Because people have much difficulty in learning.
D．Because the two techniques are taking little effect.
2．How does Carpenter prove spacing is superior to cramming
A．By studying some cases. B．By receiving some training.
C．By applying some rules. D．By scheduling some time.
3．What can retrieval practice help people to get
A．Self assessment. B．Wide recognition.
C．Positive response. D．General strategies.
4．What might Carpenter talk about in the following paragraphs
A．The benefits of spacing and retrieval practice.
B．Potential ways used to slow down forgetting.
C．Arguments about what to do to stop forgetting.
D．Other university courses worth remembering.
3.【江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量调研（三）】
Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area’s environmental health. The scientists are measuring the growth and development of the penguin population on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. “We are counting penguin nests to understand how many penguins are in a colony, producing young every year, and whether that number is going up or down with the environmental conditions,” said Alex Borowicz. He is an ecology researcher at New York’s Stony Brook University.
The work is not easy for climate researchers in the icy, faraway reaches of Antarctica. But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals because they nest on land. Their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background.
Michael Wethington, another researcher from Stony Brook, told Reuters the penguin population can represent overall climate conditions and the health of the area’s whole ecosystem. The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
Gentoo penguins—with bright orange beaks and white markings on their heads—prefer open water without broken pieces of ice floating around. So when temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half of the 20th century, Gentoo populations moved south. Gentoo penguins don’t like sea ice. They mostly forage (觅食) over the continental shelf and don’t go far out to sea. As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula, Gentoos seem to have gotten used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adelie penguin species. This is because the Adelies depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction.
“When we find Adelie penguins, we typically know that sea ice is nearby,” Stony Brook’s Wethington said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing, they also see Adelie penguin populations plunge. Even though Adelie penguins are increasing in number overall, some populations have fallen by more than 65 percent, researchers say.
8．Why do scientists studying climate change in Antarctica study penguins
A．To offer them better protection.
B．To find out about the penguin population.
C．To have a clearer idea of their living habits.
D．To learn more about the conditions of Antarctica.
9．What makes penguins easier to follow than other kinds of animals
A．Their various kinds of species. B．Their unique eating habits.
C．Their nesting habit and body color. D．Their unusual hunting ways.
10．What can be inferred about Gentoo penguins from paragraph 4
A．They are quite adaptive. B．They are in great danger.
C．They tend to hunt far out to sea. D．They have a preference for sea ice.
11．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Adelie penguin has been affected by climate change.
B．Adelie penguin has got used to the changing environment.
C．Adelie penguin population has fallen by more than 65 percent.
D．Adelie pepenguin population represents the area’s whole ecosystem.
4.【浙江省诸暨市2022-2023学年高三12月诊断性考试】
Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card
Aliens have attacked Earth twice and almost destroyed human beings. Humans couldn’t lose anymore. Therefore, the world government has started to train military geniuses in the arts of war. Ender Wiggin is taking part in this training. He wins all the games. He knows time is running out, but can he save the planet It’s good science fiction for boys.
The Broken Earth Trilogy (三部曲) by N.K. Jemisin
Moving into more modern territory, each entry of N.K. Jemisin’s The Broken Earth Trilogy won a Hugo Award when it was first published. It’s a science-fiction story married to fantasy elements that is one of the most famous pieces of literature.
The Expanse series by James S.A．Corey
This spectacular series consists of nine books. I know that looks like a lot of novels, but trust me, they are absolutely worth reading. The Expanse is easily one of the best sci-fi series in history, and now the TV adaptation has become one of the best sci-fi shows in history. The first book starts in our solar system and expands beyond it with a growing cast of characters that will feel like family after a dive into this fantastic series.
Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson
This is the only stand-alone book on this list, so if you don’t feel like investing in 300,000 pages of content, Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash is for you. This author of the book uses virtual reality as the setting, and the main character is a pizza deliveryman in one world and a warrior prince in another.
1．Which book is suitable for you if you favor award-winning ones
A．The Broken Earth Trilogy B．Ender’s Game
C．Snow Crash D．The Expanse
2．What do the four books have in common
A．They all have TV adaptations.
B．They are based on true stories.
C．They are best-sellers on shelf.
D．They are fiction worth reading.
3．What is the author’s main purpose by listing the books
A．To advertise. B．To introduce.
C．To recommend. D．To instruct.
5.【浙江省强基联盟2023届高三上学期12月统测】
It takes a lot of hard work and determination to achieve big goals. Many times, people must persevere in spite of obstacles to realize their dreams. Collette Divitto is a talented baker who managed to do just that. She used her bright personality, determination, and talent to become an entrepreneur.
Collette Divitto was born in Boston. Like many others, after graduating from college, she wanted to get a job. She went to many job interviews, but she kept getting rejected. Many employers said she was “not the right fit”. Divitto believed she was being rejected so often in that she was born with Down syndrome, which is a genetic disorder related to a person’s chromosomes. People with Down syndrome often have intellectual or physical disabilities.
Facing many job rejections, Divitto felt discouraged and hurt. She felt she wanted to open her own business and be her own boss. She thought about her hobbies and passions. Divitto knew she loved baking. She would always create delicious recipes to share with her family and friends. One of these recipes was for a chocolate chip cookie rolled in cinnamon sugar. Her mom tasted the cookies and urged her to write down the recipe to make them again. Divitto began baking and selling her chocolate cookies locally, calling her business “Collettey’s Cookies”. She took her cookies to a local grocery store named Golden Goose Market. Immediately after tasting the cookies, the market decided to sell Devitto’s cookies. Golden Goose Market became Divitto’s first client. Eventually, a television station shared the story of Divitto’s ccokie business. Her story went viral!
Divitto didn’t just create Collectey’s Cookies to sell delicious baked goods. She has a great ambition to expand her business so that she can hire as many people as possible. Currently, many of her employees have disabilities. Divitto also wants non-disabled business owners to see the strengths and talents of people with disabilities. The majority of disabled people who can work cannot find paying jobs. Even when they do get jobs, they are often paid less than the minimum wage. Divitto wants to change these statistics. She wants to make sure people with disabilities get jobs that pay fairly.
1．What did Collette think was the probable reason for her job rejections
A．She wanted to run her own business.
B．She was not equal to these jobs.
C．She was not perseverant enough to face obstacles.
D．She was prejudiced for her disability.
2．Which of the following best describe how she made “Collettey’s Cookies” a success
A．She fully took advantage of social connections.
B．She turned her passion for baking into a thriving business.
C．She had her cookies promoted on television.
D．She employed a team of disabled people.
3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Divitto’s attitude to the disabled.
B．Divitto’s strategy of expanding the business.
C．Divitto’s quality of being an entrepreneur.
D．Divitto’s mission to empower the disabled with job opportunities.
4．What does the author want to show by telling the story
A．Nothing seeks, nothing finds.
B．Success and rest don’t sleep together.
C．Sharp tools make good work.
D．Birth is much, but breeding (养育) is more.
6.【山东省济宁市2022-2023学年高三统考】
Employers today tend to hire students who truly made the most of their time on campus. Getting involved in an extracurricular club could be one of your highlights.
Media & Publication Club
It focuses on publishing a campus newspaper, creating a website, or writing ads. The skill sets required to successfully create media today are incredibly varied. You may have a passion for the written word or love graphic design. Whatever the case, you are likely to find your place within the club.
Academic Club
This club is among the most popular on campus, which can be a great benefit to a degree-seeker, because they allow you to connect with other students in the same major and often even to network with professionals from industries in which you plan to seek employment after graduation.
Community Service Club
If you are eager to make a difference to the world, the club focusing on serving others might be the perfect match for you. This club is intended for children, seniors, underserved populations, animals, the environment, and so on. If you have a desire to help, the opportunity to serve likely exists on your campus.
Sports & Recreation Club
If you are passionate about the sport you’re pursuing, it does not matter if you aren’t playing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) level. Club sports are usually not regulated by the rules of the NCAA, but you have chances to travel to other colleges in order to compete. The level of competition is generally not quite as intense, which makes club sports an extremely popular option if you’re just looking to play for fun.
1．Which club offers a chance to work with your potential colleagues
A．Media & Publication Group. B．Academic Club.
C．Community Service Club. D．Sports & Recreation Club.
2．What do we know about the Sports & Recreation Club
A．It must follow the NCAA rules.
B．It can hold interschool competitions.
C．It offers intense training from time to time.
D．It only admits members with NCAA levels.
3．Who is the text targeted at
A．Employers. B．Professors.
C．Undergraduates. D．Children.阅读理解 解密01 推理判断（分层训练） (
分层练A
)
1.【山东省济宁邹城市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】
Every April, I find myself troubled by the same concern—that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. On May 3, I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of pressing a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green.
Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree’s dark branches stretch out in unpruned (未经修剪的) abandon.
Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out to prune (修剪) a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches (门廊). These were people I barely knew, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak. “You’re not going to cut it down, are you ” she asked anxiously.
Soon, half the neighborhood joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder.
Just the other day, I saw one neighbor at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.”
1．How did the author feel about the sudden change of the view
A．Frightened. B．Depressed. C．Surprised. D．Annoyed.
2．Why did the neighbors open their windows and step out
A．They intended to greet the author.
B．They felt astonished to notice a stranger.
C．They meant to protect their personal gardens.
D．They wondered what might happen to the tree.
3．What can be inferred about the apple tree in the neighborhood’
A．It served as a bond. B．It was left unattended.
C．It stayed in a poor condition. D．It proved to be unappealing.
4．What did the neighbor value most according to the last paragraph
A．The arrival of spring. B．The neighborhood gathering.
C．The pruning of the apple tree. D．Entertainment in the long winter.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者居住在缅因州，这儿的冬天总是很长，作者和邻居们总是盼着春天到来。作者修剪苹果枝的行为，引来了很多的邻居聚在一起的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“On May 3, I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of pressing a switch.( 5月3日，当我醒来时，我看到了一片令人惊叹的绿色，仿佛春天只是按下一个开关。)”可知，作者对风景的突然改变感到很惊讶。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches (门廊). These were people I barely knew, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak. “You’re not going to cut it down, are you ” she asked anxiously. (我刚到树下，邻居们就打开窗户，走出门廊。这些人我几乎不认识，但就好像我不请自来地进入了他们的私人花园。我的活动房屋邻居是第一个开口的。“你不会把它砍倒吧 ”她焦急地问。)”可知，邻居们打开窗户并走出来，是因为他们想知道这棵树会发生什么事。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. (就好像那棵老苹果树把我们聚集在它的树枝下，目的是为了认识我们，分享我们的惊奇。)”可推断，那棵苹果树成为邻居们之间是一种纽带。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. (他说最近这个冬天特别漫长，抱怨说没有长时间地和我们附近的任何人见面或说话。)”可推断，邻居最看重邻里聚会。故选B。
2.【四川省内江市重点中学2022-2023学年高三上学期一诊】
“You will be in my heart forever. Without you, there are only emptiness and desert in my life...” This is a line from a heartfelt poem Feng Duan wrote to his fiancee Chen Lianfang in 1955.
Feng is now 94 and Chen 90, and they have been married for more than half a century. Feng, an academic at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, may not be a professional poet but for 64 years, Feng has written countless love poems to his wife. On every important anniversary or festival, Feng would send a poem to Chen. In 1978, when Chen’s cancer surgery succeeded, Feng created more than ten poems to celebrate his wife’s recovery. Chen used a red suitcase to store these love poems. The academic has also translated many English, French and German poems into classical Chinese.
The couple was introduced to each other by a common friend in 1953 and Feng sent two paper copies of poems to Chen as a gift.
“As long as I think of you, a beam of sunshine lights up my heart,” Feng wrote.
Chen recalled the first time Feng invited her to his dormitory to have a cup of tea and she thought the cup was made of frosted glass. As the two became closer, Chen often visited the academic’s dorm. She realized that the cup was the only one poor Feng owned. The opaque (不透明的) cup was not frosted glass but common glass stained with toothpaste.
Later she bought many clothes and even a stove for Feng, making a nice change from the single man s life. Feng’s marriage to Chen brought more happiness and now Chen still looks after Feng’s daily needs.
1．When Feng first met Chen, he was .
A．32 B．30
C．28 D．26
2．What change did Chen bring to Feng
A．Chen made a great difference to Feng’s daily life.
B．Chen changed Feng’s academic life greatly.
C．Chen wrote a lot of poems to Feng.
D．Chen introduced a lot of friends to Feng.
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．Chen and Feng happened to meet each other on the campus.
B．Feng wrote many poems in different languages.
C．Chen cherished the poems Feng wrote to her.
D．Feng liked his opaque cup so much.
4．The writer wrote the passage to show .
A．how a famous poet writes love poems to his wife
B．how the love poems join two hearts together
C．how important love poems are in the marriage
D．how the love poems make the couple famous
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了两位九旬老人的浪漫爱情故事。作为一名中科院学者，Feng却给Chen写了64年的爱情诗，给Chen带来了幸福，而Chen也一直照料着他的日常生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Feng is now 94 and Chen 90, and they have been married for more than half a century. Feng, an academic at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, may not be a professional poet but for 64 years, Feng has written countless love poems to his wife. ( Feng今年94岁，Chen 90岁，他们已经结婚半个多世纪了。Feng是中国科学院的一名学者，他可能不是职业诗人，但64年来，Feng给妻子写了无数首情诗。)”及第三段“The couple was introduced to each other by a common friend in 1953 and Feng sent two paper copies of poems to Chen as a gift. (1953年，Feng和Chen通过一个共同的朋友介绍认识，Feng送给Chen两本纸质诗歌作为礼物。)”,可知Feng和Chen第一见面时，是94-64=30，应该是30岁，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Later she bought many clothes and even a stove for Feng, making a nice change from the single man s life. Feng’s marriage to Chen brought more happiness and now Chen still looks after Feng’s daily needs. (后来，她给Feng买了很多衣服，甚至给他买了一个炉子，这是一个很好的改变。Feng和Chen的婚姻给她带来了更多的幸福，现在Chen仍然照顾Feng的日常需要。)”可知，Chen一直照顾Feng的日常生活，Chen对Feng的日常生活产生了很大的影响。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段“Chen used a red suitcase to store these love poems. (Chen用一个红色行李箱来存放这些情诗。)”可知，Chen珍视Feng给她的情诗。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通篇理解，本文主要介绍了两位九旬老人的浪漫爱情故事，而情诗是串联其64年爱情的事物，作者写这篇文章是为了展示情诗如何把两颗心连在一起的，故选B。
3.【陕西省宝鸡教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量检测（四）】
What do you do with your clothes that you don’t want to wear anymore Through cutting, stitching(缝)and redesigning. Baxter Salzwedel has found a fashionable way to be sustainnble(可持续的).
In March, recycling clothes earned the 17-year-old from Elkhart Lake-Glenbeulah High School in Wisconsin, US, a finalist spot in the Young Entrepreneurs competition. The competition was hosted by Junior Achievement of Wisconsin, a non-profit organization. He won a scholarship of $10, 000 for his sustainable clothing brand The Mad Patcher.
In the beginning. Salzwedel just worked with clothes for fun. He learned his sewing skills at a young age from his grandmother. He then started to tear up his old jeans to try and create cool new designs. The fun hobby quickly turned into a business for Salzwedel when his friends and classmates started asking him to make customized clothing for them.
“So many people wanted them that I wasn’t going to make 150 pairs of pants for free, so that was when 1 had to start making a business out of it, ” Salzwedel told the Sheboygan Press.
In 2021, Salzwedel started his clothing brand. He uses colourful and patterned fabrics(布 料) from other clothes to create his patchwork(拼接) designs, like jeans, shirts and jackets. He only uses donated or recycled materials to ensure maximum sustainability.
Salzwedel has earned thousands of dollars through selling his clothes, and he donated 25 percent of his profits to non-profit organizations.
Talking about the competition, Salzwedel said, “It was exciting to do that and meet all sorts of young people with similar ideas. ” The teenager planned to use the prize to attend the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York. The college is one of the most famous fashion schools in the world. Meanwhile, he will continue doing his business even after he graduates. For Salzwedel, The Mad Patcher is a lifelong project worth working on.
1．What inspired Salzwedel to do business
A．His interest in fashion design.
B．The popularity of his pants.
C．His grandmother’s encouragement.
D．The growing problem of fashion waste.
2．What does the text tell us about The Mad Patcher
A．It aims to promote second-hand clothes.
B．It uses donated materials to reduce costs.
C．It produces sustainable fashion products.
D．It copies designs from well-established brands.
3．What does Salzwedel plan to do with the scholarship
A．Grow his clothing brand.
B．Earn a degree in fashion.
C．Donate it to a fashion school.
D．Cooperate with like-minded people.
4．Which of the following can best describe Salzwedel
A．Strong but selfish.
B．Brave and determined.
C．Talented but negative.
D．Creative and generous.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了今年3月，一位来自美国威斯康辛州埃尔克哈特湖-格伦比拉高中的17岁学生凭借回收衣物入围了青年企业家大赛的决赛。比赛由非营利组织“威斯康星青年成就”主办。他的可持续服装品牌The Mad Patcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。
1．细节理解题。根据第四段““So many people wanted them that I wasn’t going to make 150 pairs of pants for free, so that was when 1 had to start making a business out of it, ” Salzwedel told the Sheboygan Press.”（萨尔兹韦德尔在接受希博伊根出版社采访时表示：“有这么多人想要它们，所以我不打算免费制作150条裤子，所以我不得不开始做生意。”）可知，他的裤子很受欢迎促使萨尔兹韦德尔经商的。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He won a scholarship of $10, 000 for his sustainable clothing brand The Mad Patcher.”（他的可持续服装品牌The Mad Patcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。）以及第五段中“He only uses donated or recycled materials to ensure maximum sustainability.”（他只使用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限度的可持续性。）可知，这篇文章告诉了我们关于The Mad Patcher，它生产可持续时尚产品。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The teenager planned to use the prize to attend the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York. The college is one of the most famous fashion schools in the world.”（这位少年计划用奖金去纽约的时装技术学院学习。该学院是世界上最著名的时装学院之一。）可知，萨尔兹韦德尔打算用奖学金去学习，获得时尚专业的学位。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第五段“In 2021, Salzwedel started his clothing brand. He uses colourful and patterned fabrics from other clothes to create his patchwork designs, like jeans, shirts and jackets. He only uses donated or recycled materials to ensure maximum sustainability.”（2021年，萨尔兹韦德尔创立了自己的服装品牌。他使用其他衣服上色彩鲜艳、有图案的面料来创作他的拼接设计，比如牛仔裤、衬衫和夹克。他只使用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限度的可持续性。）和第六段“Salzwedel has earned thousands of dollars through selling his clothes, and he donated 25 percent of his profits to non-profit organizations.”（萨尔兹韦德尔通过卖衣服赚了数千美元，他把25%的利润捐给了非营利组织。）故可推知，富有创造力和慷慨大方是最能描述萨尔茨维德尔的。故选D项。
4.【江苏省苏州高新区第一中学2021-2022学年高三一模】
Stargazers can visit famous dark-sky parks in the world and enjoy unpolluted views of night skies. Let's take a deeper dive into what you'll see at the dark-sky parks.
Joshua Tree National Park, California
Joshua Tree National Park is a popular attraction for stargazers living on the west coast. Despite being influenced by light pollution on its western borders from Coachella Valley cities, its relative isolation from major cities in the east(with Phoenix being the closest city area some 300 miles away), provides it with some of the darkest skies in California.
Elqui Valley, Chile
A popular wine region centered on the Elqui River in northern Chile, the Elqui Valley also offers ideal conditions(high-altitude, low-population, limited cloud cover) for uncorking a bottle and toasting the heavens above. Spanning some 90,000 acres, the region has the distinction of being named the first-ever Dark Sky Sanctuary by the International Astronomical Union in 2015.
It's also home to nearly a dozen observatories, boutique stargazing hotels and a large variety of tours that cover both cosmic and daytime spectacles.
Wadi Rum, Jordan
One of Jordan's most valuable tourist destinations, Wadi Rum is an otherworldly mountain desert featuring dramatic rock formations and wind-swept rust-colored dunes. Wadi Rum is an incredible landscape too (used for a lot of sci-fi movies like Rogue One, Prometheus and The Martian) and it's one of the dark places where you can just sit and look up at the wonder of the night sky with very little interruption.
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, America
It's no surprise that Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve has been building a reputation for good night sky viewing. The dry air, high elevation, and lack of light pollution all make the park an ideal dark-sky destination.
The Sangre de Cristo Mountains block much of the sky glow coming from nearby cities, shrouding(遮蔽，笼罩)the park-with its 149,164 acres of dunes, wetlands, grasslands, forests and alpine tundra-in darkness.
1．What do we know about Joshua Tree National Park
A．It is relatively separated from major cities.
B．It is the first dark sky park in the world.
C．It is affected by no light pollution.
D．It is named as the darkest sky in the world.
2．What helps prevent Great Sand Dunes from light
A．The wetlands. B．The sand dune.
C．The forests. D．The mountains.
3．Who are the intended readers of the text
A．Park goers. B．Space explorers.
C．Star observers. D．Adventurous campers.
【答案】1．A2．D3．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个适合观星爱好者的景点。
1．细节理解题。根据Joshua Tree National Park, California部分第二句“Despite being influenced by light pollution on its western borders from Coachella Valley cities, its relative isolation from major cities in the east(with Phoenix being the closest city area some 300 miles away), provides it with some of the darkest skies in California.”（尽管它的西部边界受到科切拉山谷城市的光污染的影响，但它与东部主要城市的相对隔绝(凤凰城是最近的城市地区，约300英里外)，使它拥有加州最黑暗的天空。）可知，Joshua Tree National Park与主要城市相对隔离。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, America部分第二段第一句“The Sangre de Cristo Mountains block much of the sky glow coming from nearby cities, shrouding(遮蔽，笼罩)the park-with its 149,164 acres of dunes, wetlands, grasslands, forests and alpine tundra-in darkness.”（Sangre de Cristo山阻挡了来自附近城市的大部分天空辉光，将公园笼罩在黑暗中，公园里有149,164英亩的沙丘、湿地、草原、森林和高山苔原。）可知，群山让Great Sand Dunes免受阳光照射。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Stargazers can visit famous dark-sky parks in the world and enjoy unpolluted views of night skies. Let's take a deeper dive into what you'll see at the dark-sky parks.”（观星者可以参观世界上著名的暗天公园，欣赏未受污染的夜空美景。让我们来深入了解一下在黑暗天空的公园里你会看到什么。）可知，这篇文章的目标读者是观星爱好者。故选C。
5. 【 “皖江名校”高三决战高考最后一卷】
The stomach is an extremely strong organ, full of acid to break down each meal. In order to prevent this acid from burning a hole in our stomachs and damaging other organs, our stomach lining is specially adapted to contain the acid safely.
H. pylori are able to live in the stomach by living in the lining, safe from harsh stomach acid. These bacteria are actually pretty common in people, approximately a third of Australians have H. pylori in their bodies, but not all have symptoms.
The bacteria can eventually create infection in stomach lining, a condition known as gastritis (胃炎）, by wearing away the lining and allowing stomach acid to burn away stomach tissue, causing painful ulcers (溃疡）。
Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid. The cause of stomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices: stress, smoking, spicy foods; the stomach acid was breaking through the lining on its own.
This belief was first questioned in 1979 by Robin Warren, an Australian pathologist, who found bacteria on a microscope slide containing the stomach lining of a patient with gastritis. In the years that followed Warren continued his research.
Warren then teamed up with Barry Marshall in 1981 and the two continued with the research, trying to separate the mystery bacteria and find a cure. Over the next three years, they tested their theories with some positive results, however the idea that bacteria could be the cause of gastritis was not widely accepted or even acknowledged.
Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Barry Marshall decided to test on himself. He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers. Marshall then began to cure himself by taking a dose of antibiotics (抗生素）. This once and for all proved not only that bacteria could grow in stomach acid, but it could also cause gastritis and stomach ulcers.
Eventually, the world fully acknowledged Warren and Marshall's huge contribution to science and medicine and the two were awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine in 2005. Twenty-six years after Robin Warren first began his research.
1．Why did the academics initially refuse to accept that H. pylori caused gastritis
A．Lifestyle choices caused stomach ulcers.
B．Stomach acid could break through the lining on its own.
C．They thought that bacteria couldn't survive in the stomach.
D．The Australian pathologist Robin Warren provided no evidence.
2．How did Barry Marshall prove that H. pylori caused gastritis
A．Choosing unhealthy lifestyles. B．Introducing H. pylori to his own stomach.
C．Finding the bacteria on stomach lining. D．Growing H. pylori in the lab.
3．What can we infer from the text
A．Scientific progress takes time. B．Science guides medical practices.
C．Warren is not a productive scientist. D．Only Marshall deserves the prize.
4．The text is most likely written to .
A．Chemists B．Patients C．Researchers D．The general public
【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D
【解析】
1．细节理解题。根据第四段的Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid.(直到20世纪80年代，人们一直认为细菌在胃酸中无法生存。)可知，学者们最初拒绝接受幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎是因为他们认为细菌在胃酸里无法生存。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Barry Marshall decided to test on himself.He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers.和下文内容可知，受够了被忽视和对他的发现充满信心，巴里·马歇尔决定亲自进行测试，他感染了幽门螺杆菌，很快就发展成胃炎和可怕的胃溃疡。因此可知，巴里·马歇尔让幽门螺杆菌进入了自己的胃，最后患了胃炎和胃溃疡，来证明幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，最终，世界完全承认沃伦和马歇尔对科学和医学的巨大贡献，两人于2005年被授予诺贝尔医学奖。罗宾首次开始他的研究后26年。因此推断科学发展需要时间。故选A。
4．推理判断题。文章介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论,是一篇科普文章。科普文章的受众是 the general public(普通大众)，故选D。
(
分层练B
)
1.【江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量调研（三）】
Get stuck into chemistry with these fascinating guides.
An Elementary Guide to the Periodic Table
by Gill Arbuthnott(Bloomsbury Children’s Books)
There are lots of funny stories, fascinating facts and interesting explanations packed into this book, which aims to provide a good introduction to the periodic table. As well as plenty of information, there are lots of eye-catching diagrams and illustrations.
Exploring the Elements
by Isabel Thomas. Illustrated by Sara Gillingham(Phaidon Press)
This beautifully designed book provides an introductory guide to the chemical elements — where they are found, their properties and the remark able ways we’ve learned to use them. Smart and stylish, the book even comes with an illustrated periodic table.
The Elements in the Room
by Mike Barfield. Illustrated by Lauren Humphrey(Laurence King)
As the candidate for lots of awards, this entertaining book invites you to join detective Sherlock Ohms as he tries to solve the mystery of how absolutely everything came to exist. This is a fun way to learn about the basics of chemical elements, from aluminum to zinc.
The Periodic Table Book
by Darling Kindersley, Ltd
If you are just starting your chemistry learning, look no further than this comprehensive visual encyclopedia, which is packed with stunning photographs. It covers all the basics of chemistry, with information about the different elements, and you’ll also learn about some of the famous scientists who discovered them.
1．Which book can explain the application of the elements
A．An Elementary Guide to the Periodic Table B．Exploring the Elements
C．The Elements in the Room D．The Periodic Table Book
2．How is Mike Barfield’s book different from the other books
A．It contains an illustrated periodic table. B．It includes interesting stories and facts.
C．It introduces some of the famous chemists. D．It has the potential for winning prizes.
3．Who are the four books especially intended for
A．Chemistry researchers. B．Chemistry majors.
C．Chemistry beginners. D．Chemistry teachers.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了四本关于化学的书。
1．细节理解题。根据第二本书Exploring the Elements的介绍中“This beautifully designed book provides an introductory guide to the chemical elements —where they are found, their properties and the remark able ways we’ve learned to use them.(这本设计精美的书提供了化学元素的介绍性指南——它们在哪里被发现，它们的特性和我们已经学会的使用它们的值得注意的方法)”可知，Exploring the Elements这本书可以解释化学元素的应用。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三本书The Elements in the Room的介绍中“As the candidate for lots of awards, this entertaining book invites you to join detective Sherlock Ohms as he tries to solve the mystery of how absolutely everything came to exist.(作为众多奖项的候选，这本有趣的书邀请你加入侦探Sherlock Ohms，因为他试图解决绝对的一切是如何存在的谜)”可知，Mike Barfield的书与众不同之处在于它有可能获奖。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Get stuck into chemistry with these fascinating guides.(跟着这些有吸引力的指南进入化学)”可知，四本书是为化学的初学者而写的。故选C。
2.【江苏省新高考基地学校2022-2023学年高三12月第三次大联考】
Carpenter is the lead author of a paper in Nature Reviews Psychology that examined more than 100 years of research on learning.
“The benefits of spacing and retrieval practice have been confirmed over and over in studies in labs, classrooms, workplaces, but the reason why we’re presenting this research is that these two techniques haven’t fully caught on. If they were employed all the time, we’d see big increases in learning,” said Carpenter.
In the paper, Carpenter and her co-authors describe spacing as a strategy to learn in small amounts over time. It’s the opposite of cramming (塞满) the night before an exam. In one study, medical students who received repeated surgery training over three weeks performed better and faster on tests 2 weeks and 1 year later compared to medical students who had the same training all on one day.
Carpenter says there isn’t a universal rule about how much time to schedule between practice sessions. But research shows returning to the material after forgetting some—but not all—of the content is effective.
Retrieval practice is a strategy that involves recalling what was learned previously. It can take many forms, including flash cards, practice tests and open-ended writing prompts, and helps learners recognize what they do and don’t know. The paper’s authors emphasize that people who check their responses for errors or get feedback right away learn even better. More than 200 studies show people generally maintain more information for longer periods of time with retrieval practice compared to strategies that do not involve retrieval (e.g., re-reading a textbook.)
The authors argue people who combine spacing and retrieval practice have the best chance of remembering information.
“Forgetting is a very natural thing; you can’t stop forgetting even if you try, but you can slow down forgetting by using retrieval practice and spacing,” said Carpenter.
Carpenter says she uses digital tools (e.g., online practice quizzes, clicker questions) to incorporate retrieval practice and spacing into her university courses, but there are other ways to bring these strategies into the classroom.
1．Why do the author and his group present this research
A．Because people don’t accept the two techniques.
B．Because the two techniques haven’t popularized.
C．Because people have much difficulty in learning.
D．Because the two techniques are taking little effect.
2．How does Carpenter prove spacing is superior to cramming
A．By studying some cases. B．By receiving some training.
C．By applying some rules. D．By scheduling some time.
3．What can retrieval practice help people to get
A．Self assessment. B．Wide recognition.
C．Positive response. D．General strategies.
4．What might Carpenter talk about in the following paragraphs
A．The benefits of spacing and retrieval practice.
B．Potential ways used to slow down forgetting.
C．Arguments about what to do to stop forgetting.
D．Other university courses worth remembering.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种有效延缓遗忘的方法——唤醒练习。同时，将间隔练习和唤醒练习结合使用能够延缓遗忘。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The benefits of spacing and retrieval practice have been confirmed over and over in studies in labs, classrooms, workplaces, but the reason why we’re presenting this research is that these two techniques haven’t fully caught on. (间隔练习和唤醒练习的好处已经在实验室、教室和工作场所的研究中得到了一次又一次的证实，但我们提出这项研究的原因是这两种技术还没有完全流行起来。)”可知，作者和他的团队之所以提出这项研究是因为这两种技术还没有普及。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In one study, medical students who received repeated surgery training over three weeks performed better and faster on tests 2 weeks and 1 year later compared to medical students who had the same training all on one day.(在一项研究中，与在一天内接受相同训练的医学生相比，接受为期三周的反复手术训练的医学生在两周和一年后的测试中表现得更好更快。)”可知，Carpenter通过对一些案例的研究，来证明间隔法优于填鸭式的方法。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“It can take many forms, including flash cards, practice tests and open-ended writing prompts, and helps learners recognize what they do and don’t know. The paper’s authors emphasize that people who check their responses for errors or get feedback right away learn even better. (它可以采取多种形式，包括闪存卡、练习测试和开放式写作提示，帮助学习者认识到他们知道什么和不知道什么。该论文的作者强调，那些检查自己回答错误或立即得到反馈的人学得更好。)”可知，使用唤醒练习的方法能够让人对信息的学习更好，掌握的更好，由此推断，该方法能够促进人自身的提升，即形成良好的自我评估。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““Forgetting is a very natural thing; you can’t stop forgetting even if you try, but you can slow down forgetting by using retrieval practice and spacing,” said Carpenter.(“遗忘是很自然的事情；即使你尝试，你也无法停止遗忘，但你可以通过检索练习和间隔来减慢遗忘的速度，”Carpenter说。)”以及最后一段中“but there are other ways to bring these strategies into the classroom.(但还有其他方法可以将这些策略引入课堂。)”可知，遗忘是自然的事情，人类可以通过采用各种方法来减慢遗忘的速度, Carpenter也在课堂中使用了一些方法延缓遗忘。由此可以推断在下文中Carpenter将讲述她采用的其他的有效的方法来延缓遗忘。故选B。
3.【江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量调研（三）】
Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area’s environmental health. The scientists are measuring the growth and development of the penguin population on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. “We are counting penguin nests to understand how many penguins are in a colony, producing young every year, and whether that number is going up or down with the environmental conditions,” said Alex Borowicz. He is an ecology researcher at New York’s Stony Brook University.
The work is not easy for climate researchers in the icy, faraway reaches of Antarctica. But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals because they nest on land. Their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background.
Michael Wethington, another researcher from Stony Brook, told Reuters the penguin population can represent overall climate conditions and the health of the area’s whole ecosystem. The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
Gentoo penguins—with bright orange beaks and white markings on their heads—prefer open water without broken pieces of ice floating around. So when temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half of the 20th century, Gentoo populations moved south. Gentoo penguins don’t like sea ice. They mostly forage (觅食) over the continental shelf and don’t go far out to sea. As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula, Gentoos seem to have gotten used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adelie penguin species. This is because the Adelies depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction.
“When we find Adelie penguins, we typically know that sea ice is nearby,” Stony Brook’s Wethington said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing, they also see Adelie penguin populations plunge. Even though Adelie penguins are increasing in number overall, some populations have fallen by more than 65 percent, researchers say.
8．Why do scientists studying climate change in Antarctica study penguins
A．To offer them better protection.
B．To find out about the penguin population.
C．To have a clearer idea of their living habits.
D．To learn more about the conditions of Antarctica.
9．What makes penguins easier to follow than other kinds of animals
A．Their various kinds of species. B．Their unique eating habits.
C．Their nesting habit and body color. D．Their unusual hunting ways.
10．What can be inferred about Gentoo penguins from paragraph 4
A．They are quite adaptive. B．They are in great danger.
C．They tend to hunt far out to sea. D．They have a preference for sea ice.
11．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Adelie penguin has been affected by climate change.
B．Adelie penguin has got used to the changing environment.
C．Adelie penguin population has fallen by more than 65 percent.
D．Adelie pepenguin population represents the area’s whole ecosystem.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究人员通过观察企鹅的数量来观测气候变化。
8．细节理解题。根据首句“Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area’s environmental health.”（研究南极洲气候变化的科学家们在研究企鹅，努力更好了解该地区的环境健康状态）可知，目的是为了解当地的环境条件，故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals because they nest on land.”（但是企鹅较之其他动物们易于跟踪的原因是因为他们居住在陆地上）和最后一句“Their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background.”（在该地区白色背景的映衬下，它们黑色的身体和排出的废物易于识别）可知，企鹅易于跟踪的原因是它们的定居习惯和体色，故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula, Gentoos seem to have gotten used to the changed conditions.”（随着沿半岛两边的海里的冰减少，巴布亚企鹅似乎已经习惯了改变了的环境条件）可知，这种企鹅的适应性强，故选A.
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing, they also see Adelie penguin populations plunge.”（他补充说不论何时研究人员看见海里的冰在减少或者消失时，他们也看见Adelie企鹅的数量暴跌）可知，这种企鹅受气候改变的影响，故选A。
4.【浙江省诸暨市2022-2023学年高三12月诊断性考试】
Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card
Aliens have attacked Earth twice and almost destroyed human beings. Humans couldn’t lose anymore. Therefore, the world government has started to train military geniuses in the arts of war. Ender Wiggin is taking part in this training. He wins all the games. He knows time is running out, but can he save the planet It’s good science fiction for boys.
The Broken Earth Trilogy (三部曲) by N.K. Jemisin
Moving into more modern territory, each entry of N.K. Jemisin’s The Broken Earth Trilogy won a Hugo Award when it was first published. It’s a science-fiction story married to fantasy elements that is one of the most famous pieces of literature.
The Expanse series by James S.A．Corey
This spectacular series consists of nine books. I know that looks like a lot of novels, but trust me, they are absolutely worth reading. The Expanse is easily one of the best sci-fi series in history, and now the TV adaptation has become one of the best sci-fi shows in history. The first book starts in our solar system and expands beyond it with a growing cast of characters that will feel like family after a dive into this fantastic series.
Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson
This is the only stand-alone book on this list, so if you don’t feel like investing in 300,000 pages of content, Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash is for you. This author of the book uses virtual reality as the setting, and the main character is a pizza deliveryman in one world and a warrior prince in another.
1．Which book is suitable for you if you favor award-winning ones
A．The Broken Earth Trilogy B．Ender’s Game
C．Snow Crash D．The Expanse
2．What do the four books have in common
A．They all have TV adaptations.
B．They are based on true stories.
C．They are best-sellers on shelf.
D．They are fiction worth reading.
3．What is the author’s main purpose by listing the books
A．To advertise. B．To introduce.
C．To recommend. D．To instruct.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了四部优秀的小说内容并向阅读爱好者进行推荐。
1．细节理解题。根据The Broken Earth Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin中关键句“Moving into more modern territory, each entry of N.K. Jemisin’s The Broken Earth Trilogy won a Hugo Award when it was first published.(进入更现代的领域，N.K. Jemisin的《破碎的土地》三部曲的每一部在首次出版时都获得了雨果奖)”可知，如果你喜欢获奖作品，你可以选择The Broken Earth Trilogy。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card中“It’s good science fiction for boys.(这是很适合男孩的科幻小说)”；The Broken Earth Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin中“It’s a science-fiction story married to fantasy elements that is one of the most famous pieces of literature.(这是一个结合了奇幻元素的科幻故事，是最著名的文学作品之一)”；The Expanse series by James S.A.Corey中“The Expanse is easily one of the best sci-fi series in history(《浩瀚无垠》无疑是史上最好的科幻系列之一)”和Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson中“This author of the book uses virtual reality as the setting, and the main character is a pizza deliveryman in one world and a warrior prince in another.(作者以虚拟现实为背景，主人公在一个世界是送披萨的人，在另一个世界是战士王子)”可知，四本书共同之处在于它们都是值得一读的小说。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。本文介绍了四本小说相关内容和信息，目的是为了向读者推荐这四本不错的优质读本。因此，“To recommend(为了推荐).”是作者列出这些书本的目的。故选C项。
5.【浙江省强基联盟2023届高三上学期12月统测】
It takes a lot of hard work and determination to achieve big goals. Many times, people must persevere in spite of obstacles to realize their dreams. Collette Divitto is a talented baker who managed to do just that. She used her bright personality, determination, and talent to become an entrepreneur.
Collette Divitto was born in Boston. Like many others, after graduating from college, she wanted to get a job. She went to many job interviews, but she kept getting rejected. Many employers said she was “not the right fit”. Divitto believed she was being rejected so often in that she was born with Down syndrome, which is a genetic disorder related to a person’s chromosomes. People with Down syndrome often have intellectual or physical disabilities.
Facing many job rejections, Divitto felt discouraged and hurt. She felt she wanted to open her own business and be her own boss. She thought about her hobbies and passions. Divitto knew she loved baking. She would always create delicious recipes to share with her family and friends. One of these recipes was for a chocolate chip cookie rolled in cinnamon sugar. Her mom tasted the cookies and urged her to write down the recipe to make them again. Divitto began baking and selling her chocolate cookies locally, calling her business “Collettey’s Cookies”. She took her cookies to a local grocery store named Golden Goose Market. Immediately after tasting the cookies, the market decided to sell Devitto’s cookies. Golden Goose Market became Divitto’s first client. Eventually, a television station shared the story of Divitto’s ccokie business. Her story went viral!
Divitto didn’t just create Collectey’s Cookies to sell delicious baked goods. She has a great ambition to expand her business so that she can hire as many people as possible. Currently, many of her employees have disabilities. Divitto also wants non-disabled business owners to see the strengths and talents of people with disabilities. The majority of disabled people who can work cannot find paying jobs. Even when they do get jobs, they are often paid less than the minimum wage. Divitto wants to change these statistics. She wants to make sure people with disabilities get jobs that pay fairly.
1．What did Collette think was the probable reason for her job rejections
A．She wanted to run her own business.
B．She was not equal to these jobs.
C．She was not perseverant enough to face obstacles.
D．She was prejudiced for her disability.
2．Which of the following best describe how she made “Collettey’s Cookies” a success
A．She fully took advantage of social connections.
B．She turned her passion for baking into a thriving business.
C．She had her cookies promoted on television.
D．She employed a team of disabled people.
3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Divitto’s attitude to the disabled.
B．Divitto’s strategy of expanding the business.
C．Divitto’s quality of being an entrepreneur.
D．Divitto’s mission to empower the disabled with job opportunities.
4．What does the author want to show by telling the story
A．Nothing seeks, nothing finds.
B．Success and rest don’t sleep together.
C．Sharp tools make good work.
D．Birth is much, but breeding (养育) is more.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了科丽特·迪威托参加了许多求职面试，但总是被拒绝，后来她用自己聪明的性格、决心和才能成为了一名企业家，她的许多员工都有残疾，她希望确保残疾人能得到待遇公平的工作。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Divitto believed she was being rejected so often in that she was born with Down syndrome, which is a genetic disorder related to a person’s chromosomes. People with Down syndrome often have intellectual or physical disabilities.(迪威托认为，她被拒绝的次数太多了，因为她生来就患有唐氏综合症，这是一种与人的染色体有关的遗传疾病。唐氏综合症患者通常有智力或身体残疾)”可知，科丽特认为她被拒的可能原因是她因残疾而受到歧视。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She thought about her hobbies and passions. Divitto knew she loved baking.(她想了想自己的爱好和激情。迪威托知道她喜欢烘焙)”和“Her mom tasted the cookies and urged her to write down the recipe to make them again. Divitto began baking and selling her chocolate cookies locally, calling her business “Collettey’s Cookies”.(她的妈妈品尝了饼干，并敦促她写下食谱，再次制作。迪威托开始在当地烘焙和销售她的巧克力饼干，称她的业务为“Collettey’s cookies”)”可知，迪威托将自己对烘焙的热情转化为一项蓬勃发展的事业。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Currently, many of her employees have disabilities. Divitto also wants non-disabled business owners to see the strengths and talents of people with disabilities. The majority of disabled people who can work cannot find paying jobs. Even when they do get jobs, they are often paid less than the minimum wage. Divitto wants to change these statistics. She wants to make sure people with disabilities get jobs that pay fairly.(目前，她的许多员工都有残疾。迪威托还希望非残疾人企业主看到残疾人的优势和才能。大多数能工作的残疾人找不到有报酬的工作。即使他们找到了工作，他们的工资也往往低于最低工资。迪威托希望改变这些统计数据。她希望确保残疾人能得到待遇公平的工作)”可知，第四段主要讲述了迪威托想为残疾人提供更多的就业机会。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like many others, after graduating from college, she wanted to get a job. She went to many job interviews, but she kept getting rejected.(和其他许多人一样，大学毕业后，她想找份工作。她参加了许多求职面试，但总是被拒绝)”，第三段中的“Divitto began baking and selling her chocolate cookies locally, calling her business “Collettey’s Cookies”.(迪威托开始在当地烘焙和销售她的巧克力饼干，称她的业务为“Collettey’s cookies”)”及第四段中的“Divitto didn’t just create Collectey’s Cookies to sell delicious baked goods. She has a great ambition to expand her business so that she can hire as many people as possible.(迪威托不仅仅是为了销售美味的烘焙食品而制作Collecey’s Cookies。她有一个很大的野心，就是要扩大自己的业务，以便能够雇佣尽可能多的人)”可推知，作者想通过讲述故事来展示“无所求则无所获”的道理。故选A。
6.【山东省济宁市2022-2023学年高三统考】
Employers today tend to hire students who truly made the most of their time on campus. Getting involved in an extracurricular club could be one of your highlights.
Media & Publication Club
It focuses on publishing a campus newspaper, creating a website, or writing ads. The skill sets required to successfully create media today are incredibly varied. You may have a passion for the written word or love graphic design. Whatever the case, you are likely to find your place within the club.
Academic Club
This club is among the most popular on campus, which can be a great benefit to a degree-seeker, because they allow you to connect with other students in the same major and often even to network with professionals from industries in which you plan to seek employment after graduation.
Community Service Club
If you are eager to make a difference to the world, the club focusing on serving others might be the perfect match for you. This club is intended for children, seniors, underserved populations, animals, the environment, and so on. If you have a desire to help, the opportunity to serve likely exists on your campus.
Sports & Recreation Club
If you are passionate about the sport you’re pursuing, it does not matter if you aren’t playing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) level. Club sports are usually not regulated by the rules of the NCAA, but you have chances to travel to other colleges in order to compete. The level of competition is generally not quite as intense, which makes club sports an extremely popular option if you’re just looking to play for fun.
1．Which club offers a chance to work with your potential colleagues
A．Media & Publication Group. B．Academic Club.
C．Community Service Club. D．Sports & Recreation Club.
2．What do we know about the Sports & Recreation Club
A．It must follow the NCAA rules.
B．It can hold interschool competitions.
C．It offers intense training from time to time.
D．It only admits members with NCAA levels.
3．Who is the text targeted at
A．Employers. B．Professors.
C．Undergraduates. D．Children.
【答案】1．B2．B3．C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是四个课外俱乐部的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据Academic Club部分的“because they allow you to connect with other students in the same major and often even to network with professionals from industries in which you plan to seek employment after graduation.（因为它们可以让你和其他同专业的学生建立联系，甚至经常可以和你毕业后打算找工作的行业的专业人士建立联系。）”可知，学术俱乐部为你提供了一个与未来同事一起工作的机会，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Sports & Recreation Club部分的“Club sports are usually not regulated by the rules of the NCAA, but you have chances to travel to other colleges in order to compete.（俱乐部运动通常不受NCAA规则的约束，但你有机会去其他大学参加比赛）”可知，Sports & Recreation Club可以举办校际比赛。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Employers today tend to hire students who truly made the most of their time on campus. Getting involved in an extracurricular club could be one of your highlights.（现在的雇主倾向于雇佣那些真正充分利用了在校时间的学生。参加课外俱乐部可能是你的亮点之一）”推知，这篇文章针对的是大学生，故选C。
