阅读理解 解密01 主旨要义（分层训练） (
分层练A
)
1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】B
Douglas Smith, n gardener from Hertfordshire. the U.K., recently set a new Guinness World Record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem (茎), 1,269.
Up until last summer, the record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem had stood unchallenged for over a decade. Then English farmer Douglas Smith set his sight on breaking it, thinking that he could grow more than 488 fruits on s single stem. He proved that last year, when he managed to break the old record by growing 839 tomatoes on a greenhouse -grown plant. It was quite an achievement, but he was only getting started, as only a few weeks later Douglas Smith broke his own record by growing no less than 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem.
Is Douglas Smith a gardening addict He spends up to four hours a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been working hard on becoming the best possible gardener the world has ever seen. To maximize his chances of setting a new world record, he read various scientific papers and even took soil samples to be tested in a laboratory. And in the end, they all paid off.
“I am over the moon,” Douglas said. “This year was only meant to be an experimental year to see which varieties would produce the most fruits and we had to fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid to a number of other tomato plants. I’m amazed by how many tomatoes were on the plant in the end.”
Growing 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem is only Douglas Smith’s latest achievement. In 2020, he grew a 20-foot-tall sunflower, and also set a new national record for the heaviest tomato, with a 3.106 kg tomato. He likes to run little experiments on other vegetables and crops, and he is currently experimenting on peas, aubergines and potatoes.
1．What can we know about Douglas Smith from paragraph 2
A．He broke the old record twice.
B．He had planted the best tomatoes.
C．He thought breaking the record was easy.
D．He had worked to break the record for a decade.
2．Which of the following can describe Douglas Smith best
A．Strict and tolerant. B．Attractive and brave
C．Patient and hard-working. D．Friendly and humorous.
3．What may be a challenge for Douglas Smith to break the old record
A．A lack of money. B．Skill shortages.
C．Building a laboratory. D．Dealing with the blight.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The record’s significance.
B．Douglas Smith’s next plan.
C．The details about the heaviest tomato.
D．More information about Douglas Smith’s planting.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了打破吉尼斯世界纪录的Douglas Smith种植番茄和其他植物的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was quite an achievement, but he was only getting started, as only a few weeks later Douglas Smith broke his own record by growing no less than 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem. He proved that last year, when he managed to break the old record by growing 839 tomatoes on a greenhouse -grown plant.（去年他就证明了这一点，他在温室里种了839个西红柿，打破了以前的纪录。这是一项相当大的成就，但他才刚刚开始，因为仅仅几周后，Douglas Smith就打破了自己的纪录，在一根茎上种出了超过1269个西红柿。）”可知，Douglas Smith两次打破原先的世界记录。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段二三句“He spends up to four hours a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been working hard on becoming the best possible gardener the world has ever seen. To maximize his chances of setting a new world record, he read various scientific papers and even took soil samples to be tested in a laboratory.（他每天在后花园里花四个小时打理植物，并一直在努力成为世界上有史以来最好的园丁。最大限度地提高他创造新世界纪录的机会，他阅读了各种科学论文，甚至取了土壤样本在实验室进行测试。）”可知，愿意花数个小时打理植物，并努力阅读相关论文的Douglas Smith是一个很有耐心很勤奋的人。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段他说的话“This year was only meant to be an experimental year to see which varieties would produce the most fruits and we had to fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid to a number of other tomato plants.（今年只是一个试验性的一年，看看哪些品种会结出最多的果实，我们必须与早期疫病作斗争，这毁掉了许多其他番茄苗。）”可知，导致很多番茄苗被毁掉的疫病是他面临的挑战。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“He likes to run little experiments on other vegetables and crops, and he is currently experimenting on peas, aubergines and potatoes.（他喜欢在其他蔬菜和作物上做一些小实验，目前他正在豌豆、茄子和土豆上做实验。）”，可知这一段谈及番茄之外其他的一些植物种植情况。故选D项。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】B
Just as the shiny brochure promised, from the moment I set foot on the Harvard campuslast fall, I was exposed to an exciting andenlightening new world.
I was born and raised 1, 500 miles away, in a small apartment in Jackson, Mississippi. I am the only child, so my mother overpowered me with her love. For someone who sees so much beauty in the world, she worked awfullyhard to protect me from it. Television, rap music, and even basketball with the kids on the block was beyond consideration. It left me a bit bitter as a teenager, but I grew to appreciate her enormous sacrifices(牺牲) — walking me to the library every afternoon, laboring at multiple jobs to keep food on the table, and telling me stories late into the night.
When I announced the summer before my senior year of high school that I had decided to apply to Harvard, I noticed her hesitant look before a warm smile enveloped her face. I pretended not to see, but I was never able to forget it. I tried to explain my reasons for wanting to leave-to prove I was smart enough, fear of taking the path of least resistance, the classic teenage feeling of being trapped — but the words just made me sound shallow and ungrateful.
Nevertheless, I began to work on the college applications-an early one for Harvard and roughly a dozen others standing by. I knew the chance of getting into Harvard was not in my favor. To my joy, I was informed of my acceptance into Harvard three days before my birthday. That night, after all of the celebratory texts and hugs, I sat in my room and began to cry uncontrollably.
Over the course of this year, I have changed in ways I never anticipated. I think I know now why my mother let me go. Harvard has forced me to grow and take a fair look at the world, and at myself. Needless to say, I would not trade the experience for anything.
1．The underlined word in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A．made a difference to B．made peace with
2．What was the mother’s first response to the author’s decision
A．She was worried about it. B．She laughed at it.
C．She approved of it immediately. D．She turned a deaf ear to it.
3．What did the author say about his admission to Harvard
A．It deserved a big celebration. B．It served as a late birthday present.
C．It was beyond his expectations. D．It was a favor he owed his mother.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Lifelong Learning in Harvard
B．Reflections on the Road to Harvard
C．What Harvard Means to My Mother and Me
D．How Harvard Shapes My Teenage Years
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后“For someone who sees so much beauty in the world, she worked awfully hard to protect me from it. Television, rap music, and even basketball with the kids on the block was beyond consideration.(作为一个能看到世界上这么多美好事物的人，她却非常努力地保护我不受它的伤害。看电视、听说唱音乐，甚至和街区里的孩子们一起打篮球都是不可能的)”可推知，母亲对作者的管教很严格，所以画线词所在句意为“我是独生子，所以我的母亲用她的爱控制了我”，overpowered意为“控制”。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When I announced the summer before my senior year of high school that I had decided to apply to Harvard, I noticed her hesitant look before a warm smile enveloped her face.(在我升入高三的那个夏天，我告诉母亲我决定申请去哈佛念书，我察觉到母亲脸上那一丝犹豫，尽管那很快就被温暖的笑容所掩盖)”可知，母亲对作者的决定的第一反应是担心。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“I knew the chance of getting into Harvard was not in my favor. To my joy, I was informed of my acceptance into Harvard three days before my birthday.(我知道进入哈佛的胜算并不是我能决定的。令我高兴的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛录取了)”可知，被哈佛大学录取超出了作者的预料。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Harvard has forced me to grow and take a fair look at the world, and at myself. Needless to say, I would not trade the experience for anything.(哈佛迫使我成长，让我以公正的眼光看待这个世界和我自己。不用说，我不会拿这段经历换任何东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。故选B。
3.【河南省新乡市2023届高三上学期第一次模拟】D
One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.
In 2013, a damaged mammoth (猛犸象) skull and other bones that looked “deliberately broken” were found. The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools. Carbon- dating analysis suggested the pieces are roughly 37 ,000 years old. This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.
Previous research led scientists to believe the first humans that settled in North America belonged to the Clovis culture. This was a group of people who left behind carefully made tools 16,000 years ago. However, carbon-dating analysis of the mammoth bones indicates that the site is around 36, 250 to 38, 900 years old. That means it’s the oldest known site left behind by ancient humans in North America.
“That’s not the only interesting thing about the discovery,” said Timothy Rowe, a professor at the University of Texas. “The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.”
Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.
The early humans shaped bones into sharp blades, which were used to take apart animals’ remains, according to Rowe. There are also signs that they cooked the animal bones over a fire to melt off the fat. “The real evidence that we have has to do with the breakage patterns, and how thorough they are. They must have used rocks or hammer stones to bust the skeleton apart... These people would use whatever they could,” Rowe told USA Today.
1．What can be learnt about the earliest humans in North America
A．They arrived there 16,000 years ago. B．They caused mammoth to disappear.
C．They belonged to the Clovis culture. D．They could make tools with bones.
2．Why are the findings similar to the new one ignored
A．They lack a good chance. B．They fail to draw attention.
C．They disagree with earlier research. D．They aren’t studied scientifically.
3．How does Rowe find the new discovery
A．Inspiring. B．Annoying. C．Puzzling. D．Embarrassing.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Earliest Humans’ Settling in North America
B．Evidence of Earlier Humans’ Arrival in North America
C．The Earliest Tool Makers in North America
D．Research on Mammoths in North America
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools.(骨头上的损伤表明是人类制造的工具造成的 )”可知，北美洲最早的人类可以用骨头制作工具。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.(支持人类更早到达的类似发现大多被忽视了。这是因为它们与之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，与新发现相似的早期发现被忽略是因为与早期研究相矛盾。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.(然而，现在他认为研究人员很有可能找到更早以前人类存在的证据)”可知，Rowe认为新的研究很有可能帮助研究人员找到更早以前人类存在的证据。由此推知，Rowe认为这个发现是鼓舞人心的。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.(研究人员最普遍的观点之一是，人类在16000年前首次到达北美。根据最近的化石发现，这可能不是真的。这项新发现表明，人类可能更早到达北美)”和第二段的“This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.(这一发现可能会改变我们对人类最早在北美存在的理解。这些化石表明，早在一万六千年前，人类就在该地区捕杀动物)”可知，本文主要介绍新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。B项“早期人类到达北美的证据”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
4.【河北省唐山市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】C
The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter (直径) of the observable universe is estimated to be about 93 billion light years across. With just our eyes, we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance though there are some objects we can see that are much further away. The farthest object we can see with our eyes is Andromeda Galaxy (仙女座星系) located 2.5 million light years away, and yet it is only visible if there is little light pollution. In order to see farther into space, we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021. JWST is now the most powerful telescope ever built, and it is able to see the universe as it was only 200 million years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.
The farthest physical distance we can see is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). CMBR can be thought of as the echo (回声) of the Big Bang as it is the leftover radiation from the birth of the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest possible distance humans can see as it represents the moment that the universe became transparent to light. Although light did exist before CMBR, gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space. CMBR formed only 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and so we are seeing the universe prior to the formation of even the first stars.
1．Why does the author mention Andromeda Galaxy
A．To present the origin of the universe.
B．To stress the severity of space pollution.
C．To show the limited range of human vision.
D．To prove humans' wonderful view of space.
2．What do we know about JWST
A．It was launched in 2022.
B．It is more advanced than HST.
C．It can see 300 million years after the Big Bang.
D．It was used to study the formation of the first galaxies.
3．What does the underlined word "dense" in the last paragraph mean
A．Distant. B．Rare.
C．Tiny. D．Thick.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．How Far Can Humans See In Space B．How Will JWST Be Applied
C．How Will Humans Explore Space D．How Far Can JWST See
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了我们用肉眼观察到的宇宙范围十分有限，但是在太空望远镜的帮助下可以看到大爆炸后形成的第一批星系。
1．目的意图题。根据文章第一段中“With just our eyes, we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance.(仅凭我们的眼睛，我们通常只能看到几千光年的距离。)”以及“In order to see farther into space, we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes (为了看得更远的太空，我们必须依靠望远镜。使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远 )”可知，作者提到仙女座星系是想表达肉眼可见范围十分有限，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021.(在2021年詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）发射之前，哈勃太空望远镜（HST）一直是太空最远可见距离的纪录保持者。)”及“That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.( 这意味着与HST相比，JWST能够再拼凑3亿年的普世历史。)”可知，JWST(詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜)比HST(哈勃太空望远镜)更先进可以观测到更远的范围，故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Although light did exist before CMBR, gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space(虽然光在宇宙微波背景辐射之前就已经存在，但气体和尘埃的密度太大，光无法穿过空间。)”以及结合光无法穿过空间可知，是因为气体和尘埃的原因，光无法穿过的可能性是气体和尘埃密度太大，故选D。
4．标题判断题。根据第一段最后一句“How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes (使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远)”及各段大意，文章第一段主要讲述了肉眼可见最远距离，第二段讲述了新的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的优势，第三段讲述了我们能看到的最远物理距离。可知，文章主要讲述了人类可观测到的最远距离，故选A。
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分层练B
)
1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】C
These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones (无人机) ate getting in on the action. The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.
The eye in the sky that they provide helps researchers better understand what’s going on with the natural world in which we live. For environmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air to record sweeping footage of a large area to track the impact of things like climate change, migration and the acts of cutting down and burning forest trees, which can be done without having to buy a helicopter, rent a plane or tape a video camera to a bird.
Sure, there’s plenty of satellite footage already out there, but drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they’re looking to monitor. In 2013, for example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent a drone into the Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica to gather data about its emissions. The temperature, ash height and gas concentration information collected during the mission helped earth scientists determine which way the volcanic and potentially poisonous gas erupting from the volcano was moving and take steps to limit its environmental impact.
Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. They use drones equipped with infrared (红外线的) cameras to sweep into places that they may otherwise not be able to reach to monitor and collect data on the melting ice. The same flying machines may also eventually be used to transport other data collection tools into the wild.
1．How does the author lead in the topic of the text
A．By giving examples. B．By listing data.
C．By drawing a distinction. D．By making assumptions.
2．What mainly makes drones used to better watch nature
A．The high safety.
B．The huge space.
C．The recovery capability after damage.
D．The ability to collect data at a high altitude.
3．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about drones
A．Their production steps.
B．Their practical functions.
C．Their potential impacts on the atmosphere.
D．Their data set for motoring the environment.
4．Which is a suitable title for the text
A．Drones: Poisonous B．Drones: Eco-friendly
C．Drones: Limited D．Drones: Adaptable
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在环境保护方面的应用。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones (无人机) ate getting in on the action.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。从加利福尼亚到日本沿海的每个开放空间似乎都出现了使用电力和替代燃料的汽车、太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场。就连无人机也加入了行动。）可知，本段中作者列举了生活中随处可见的环保行文：电动汽车代替燃料汽车，太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场，引入了本文的话题。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The eye in the sky that they provide helps researchers better understand what’s going on with the natural world in which we live. For environmentalists and earth scientists. the flying machines can be sent way up in the air to record sweeping footage of a large area to track the impact of things like climate change, migration and the acts of cutting down and burning forest trees, which can be done without having to buy a helicopter, rent a plane or tape a video camera to a bird”(它们提供的空中眼睛帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么。对于环境学家和地球科学家来说，这些飞行器可以被送到空中去记录大片区域的影像来追踪气候变化，迁徙以及砍伐和焚烧森林树木的行为，这些都不需要购买直升机，租用飞机或者给鸟类装摄像机。）可知，使用无人机可以帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么，可以在空中实现影像采集，追踪气候变化，动物迁徙以及人类对森林的破坏行为。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中“drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they’re looking to monitor. ”（无人机可以让研究人员精确定位数据集，他们希望得到一个更快，更近距离地观察他们要监视的区域。）讲述了无人机能实现的功能。最后一段中“Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. ”（同样，北极研究人员正在使用无人机帮助研究气温变化和冰川融化。)具体说明了无人机在研究气温变化和冰川融化方面的帮助作用。所以两段主要说明了无人机的实际生活中的运用。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“These days, there’s a green version of just about everything.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。）“The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.”（无人驾驶飞行器也正在全球范围内用于环境保护。）同时根据本段中的举例，引出了文章的话题：无人机在环境保护方面的应用。第二段提到了无人机可用于观测自然的原因，最后两段阐述了无人机的实际应用。所以本文的标题应为：用于环境保护的无人机。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】C
Nearly 10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s disease. While Parkinson’s is incurable, some of its worst symptoms can be relieved and controlled using medications. A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆转的)neuron loss.
But scientists might have just the thing to change the situation. And it involves a nose. In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nose, ”a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson’s patients.
It may come as a surprise to learn Parkinson’s patients have their own smells. But after a retired nurse in Scotland made headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband’s Parkinson’s diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that could smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.
Over the years, scientists have found people with Parkinson’s tend to produce more sebum (皮脂)than the average person. This sebum mixes with other overproduced substances to produce certain, unique smells.
To track down these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs of 31 Parkinson’s patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Using machine-learning software, they were able to identify three smell compounds that healthy volunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nose on sebum taken from 12 Parkinson’s patients and 12 healthy people. The device was found to be about 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum from Parkinson’s sebum.
These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson’s in the U. S. is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.
1．What makes it difficult for Parkinson’s patients to get effective treatment
A．Its medications are in short supply.
B．It involves irreversible neuron loss.
C．Its early signs are not easy to notice.
D．It’s not a curable disease medically.
2．What did the Scottish nurse find
A．Her husband’s body gave off a strange smell.
B．Her husband had a heightened sense of smell.
C．A smell caused her husband to suffer from a disease.
D．A smell could relieve her husband’s Parkinson’s symptoms.
3．What will the researchers do concerning their invention
A．Put it into clinical use.
B．Conduct a broader test.
C．Create more lab models.
D．Expand its market outside the U. S.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．This e-nose can smell Parkinson’s
B．Parkinson’s patients produce more sebum
C．People living with Parkinson’s are on the rise
D．Researchers have found treatment for Parkinson’s
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是患有帕金森病的患者在获得有效的救治之前往往很难发现早期的症状，针对于这个问题研究人员研发出了一种可以检测出患者在身体症状出现之前的特有气味的便携式设备——“电子鼻”。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆转的)neuron loss.(在正确的时间获得有效治疗的一个主要问题是，在患者经历不可逆的神经元损失带来的症状之前，尽快确定疾病。)”可知只有尽快确定疾病，帕金森患者才能在正确的时间里得到有效的救治，所以可以推断出早期症状的难以发现使帕金森患者得到有效救治变得困难。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But after a retired nurse in Scotland made headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband’s Parkinson’s diagnosis(但2015年，苏格兰一名退休护士因为她敏锐的嗅觉帮助其丈夫被诊断出帕金森病而上了头条。)”可知这名苏格兰退休护士发现她丈夫的身体发出一种特殊的气味。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。)”可知为了提高模型的准确性，在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要进行更广泛的测试。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲的是电子鼻出现的背景——帕金森病人在得到正确救治之前很难发现其症状，第二、三、四和五段主要围绕着电子鼻的研发，测试及功效展开，最后一段“These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson’s in the U. S. is expected to rise to 1. 2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。但目前，美国帕金森患者的数量预计将上升到120万。到2030年，电子鼻可能是检测这种疾病的最佳选择。)”向我们展示了电子鼻的使用前景，对全文进行总结。纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着一种能够测出帕金森患者身上特有气味的电子鼻展开，所以A项This e-nose can smell Parkinson’s作为文章的标题最为合适。故选A项。
3.【河北省张家口市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】D
When Anika Puri visited India with her family four years ago, she was surprised to come across a market in Bombay filled with rows of ivory jewelry (象牙饰品) and statues. Globally, ivory trade has been illegal for more than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prohibited in India since the 1970s.
“I was quite shocked,” the 17-year-old from New York, recalls, “Because poaching (偷猎) is illegal, how come it is still such a big issue ”
Curious, Puri did some research and discovered a shocking statistic: Africa’s forest elephant population had declined by about 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers continued to drop. Puri, a wildlife lover, wanted to do something to help protect the species and others still threatened by poaching.
Over the course of two years, Puri created EISa, a low-cost product of a machine learning-driven software that analyzes movement patterns in thermal infrared (热红外) videos of humans and elephants. Puri says the software is four times more accurate than existing state-of-the-art detection methods. It also eliminates the need for expensive high-definition thermal cameras, which can cost thousands, she says. EISa uses a $250 FLIR ONE Pro thermal camera with 206 * 156 resolution that plugs into an off-the-shelf iPhone 6. The camera and iPhone are then attached to a drone (无人机), and the system produces real-time inferences as it flies over parks as to whether objects below are humans or elephants.
Its potential impact on society earned her the Peggy Scripps Award for Science Communication. “Research isn’t a straight line,” Puri says. “It makes me resourceful. It helps me develop into a more creative thinker.”
1．What inspired Anika Puri to make the invention
A．One study trip to Bombay. B．The deep passion for law.
C．One visit in India. D．Her love for ivory.
2．How does the author explain the situation of Africa’s forest elephant
A．By listing figures. B．By making comparison.
C．By showing an example. D．By referring to some former studies.
3．What’s the research like in Anika Puri’s eyes
A．It’s tough and can’t reach the goal. B．It’s beneficial to one’s development.
C．It really requires a variety of resources. D．It should be further developed because of the need.
4．What may be the best title of the text
A．Poaching Is a Shocking Problem
B．Drones Were Applied to the Ban on Poaching
C．A Fantastic Discovery Was Eventually Made by a Brilliant Teenager
D．A Teenager Invented a Low-Cost Tool to Spot Elephant Poachers in Real Time
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Anika Puri 在与家人外出旅行中偶然间发现盗猎大象的现象，于是她通过观察和研究，发明了EISa软件来帮助保护大象。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Anika Puri visited India with her family four years ago, she was surprised to come across a market in Bombay filled with rows of ivory jewelry (象牙饰品) and statues. Globally, ivory trade has been illegal for more than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prohibited in India since the 1970s.(四年前，当Anika Puri和家人一起访问印度时，她惊讶地发现孟买的一个市场里摆满了成排的象牙珠宝和雕像。在全球范围内，象牙贸易30多年来一直是非法的，自20世纪70年代以来，印度就禁止猎杀大象。)”以及第三段中“Puri, a wildlife lover, wanted to do something to help protect the species and others still threatened by poaching.(Anika Puri是一名野生动物爱好者，她想做点什么来帮助保护这些物种和其他仍然受到偷猎威胁的物种。)”可知，当Anika Puri和家人一起访问印度时，发现了市场里摆满了成排的象牙珠宝和雕像，由此激发了她要做点什么来保护大象。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Curious, Puri did some research and discovered a shocking statistic: Africa’s forest elephant population had declined by about 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers continued to drop. (出于好奇，Puri做了一些研究，发现了一个令人震惊的统计数据：2002年至2011年间，非洲森林象的数量下降了约62%。多年后，这一数字继续下降。)”可知，作者通过列举数字的方式介绍了非洲森林象的情况。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Puri says. “It makes me resourceful. It helps me develop into a more creative thinker.”(Puri说“这让我足智多谋。它帮助我成长为一个更有创造力的思考者。”)”可知，在Puri看来，研究让她变得足智多谋，让她成长为一个更有创造力的思考者，即科学研究对一个人的发展是有益的。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了主人公Anika Puri 在与家人外出旅行中偶然间发现盗猎大象的现象，于是她通过观察和研究，发明了EISa软件来帮助保护大象的故事。故D选项“A Teenager Invented a Low-Cost Tool to Spot Elephant Poachers in Real Time(一名青少年发明了一种低成本的工具，可以实时发现大象偷猎者)”概括全文，适合文章标题。故选D。
4.【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考】
In recent years, we have always seen different kinds of new energy vehicles on the road frequently, but do you know anything about them
In the 21st century, with the increasing shortage of resources such as oil and natural gas, the issue of non-renewable resources has become a major concern. The traditional industry uses mostly oil as a fuel, and the carbon dioxide produced by burning oil hurts the air. The vehicle emissions (排放) contribute to global warming and other poisonous gases cause serious air pollution.
In response to the problem of vehicle pollution, countries and regions worldwide are setting increasingly strict standards for vehicle emissions. To cope with the increasing severity of vehicle emission standards, the major car manufacturers(制造商) are now mainly adopting methods to improve the technology related to the engines of conventional energy vehicles. Although this has improved the quality of emissions, it will be increasingly difficult to upgrade the technology. At this point, the development of new energy vehicles has become a new option for manufacturers, as the production and use of new energy vehicles will fundamentally solve the problem of vehicle emissions. Therefore, the development of new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.
New energy vehicles are proposed as opposed to traditional vehicles, which are mainly fuelled by petrol. A new energy vehicle is a type of vehicle that runs on clean energy sources, using new energy sources as the fuel commonly used to power the car and provide the drive energy for the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided into several categories, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid (混合动力) vehicles, and so on. In addition, new energy vehicles have the advantage of low energy consumption and low-carbon environmental protection.
However, although new energy vehicles follow the concept of sustainable development, there are still many problems and challenges in the development of new energy vehicle research and production. For instance, many issues require specialist technicians and solutions, and further breakthroughs are needed in key technology areas. In addition, the efficiency of new energy use needs to be further improved, making it difficult to form an industrial-scale operation in a short period.
1．What does using non-renewable resources invite
A．Harm to the planet. B．Low-carbon life.
C．Less air pollution. D．Shortage of water.
2．Which can best agree with the concept of sustainable development
A．Improving energy efficiency of traditional resources.
B．Replacing the engines of conventional energy vehicles.
C．Innovating vehicles related to renewable resources.
D．Manufacturing more cars and lowering their prices.
3．What does the fourth paragraph talk about concerning the new energy vehicles
A．The source, fuel and advantage.
B．The definition, fuel and protection.
C．The source, category and conformation,
D．The definition, category and advantage.
4．What is expected of new energy vehicles
A．They should be replaced. B．Further exploring in needed.
C．It is unnecessary to improve. D．They call for no more energy.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述因传统能源危机及其使用过程中产生的危害促使人类开始对可再生资源和新能源汽车的开发和利用。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the 21st century, with the increasing shortage of resources such as oil and natural gas, the issue of non-renewable resources has become a major concern. The traditional industry uses mostly oil as a fuel, and the carbon dioxide produced by burning oil hurts the air. ”（在21世纪，随着石油、天然气等资源的日益短缺，不可再生资源的问题已成为一个主要问题。传统工业主要使用石油作为燃料，燃烧石油产生的二氧化碳对空气有害）可知，传统的非再生资源会对地球造成伤害。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“ At this point, the development of new energy vehicles has become a new option for manufacturers, as the production and use of new energy vehicles will fundamentally solve the problem of vehicle emissions. Therefore, the development of new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.”（此时，新能源汽车的生产和使用将从根本上解决汽车排放问题，发展新能源汽车成为厂商的新选择。因此，发展新能源汽车是必然和大势所趋）和最后一段的“However, although new energy vehicles follow the concept of sustainable development(虽然新能源汽车遵循可持续发展的理念)”可知，开发可再生资源的车辆最符合可持续发展理念。故选C项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“A new energy vehicle is a type of vehicle that runs on clean energy sources, using new energy sources as the fuel commonly used to power the car and provide the drive energy for the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided into several categories, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid(混合动力) vehicles, and so on. In addition, new energy vehicles have the advantage of low energy consumption and low-carbon environmental protection.”（新能源汽车是一种使用清洁能源的汽车，使用新能源作为汽车常用的燃料，为汽车提供驱动能量。新能源汽车可以分为几类，如纯电动汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、混合动力汽车等。此外，新能源汽车具有低能耗、低碳环保的优势。）可知，本段是从 definition, category, advantage（定义、类别及优势）三个方面来阐述的新能源汽车。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, although new energy vehicles follow the concept of sustainable development, there are still many problems and challenges in the development of new energy vehicle research and production. For instance, many issues require specialist technicians and solutions, and further breakthroughs are needed in key technology areas. In addition, the efficiency of new energy use needs to be further improved, making it difficult to form an industrial-scale operation in a short period.”（然而，新能源汽车虽然遵循可持续发展的理念，但在新能源汽车研发和生产的发展中仍存在许多问题和挑战。例如，许多问题需要专门的技术人员和解决方案，关键技术领域需要进一步突破。此外，新能源利用效率有待进一步提高，难以在短时间内形成工业规模经营）推知，新能源汽车目前虽然取得了一定的成就，但仍然需要进一步探索和研究。故选B项。
5.【2023届青海省西宁市高三上学期一模】
Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the coronavirus with heat by drawing power from a mobile phone charger.
The disinfecting (消毒) process takes about half an hour—and users should not wear the mask while it is plugged in, said Professor Yair Ein-Eli, who led the research team at Technion University in Haifa. The new mask has a USB port that connects to a power source such as a standard cell-phone charger that heats an inner layer of carbon fibres to 70 degrees Celsius, high enough to kill viruses.
Ein-Eli said disposable masks were not economically or environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly, and this is our solution,” he said.
Professor Allon Moses, an infectious diseases expert at Jerusalem’s Hadassah Medical Center, said there was “no question” that a half hour’s exposure to 70-degrce heat would kill the coronavirus. But he cautioned that repeated heating could “damage the mask’s paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future”.
During testing, the prototype was exposed to 20 heating cycles, each for half an hour, with no impact on durability, Ein-Eli said. “We can guarantee it up to a few dozen cycles, without any risk,” he added.
The prototypc looks like a standard N95 face mask, with a valve (阀) at the front and bands to hold it in place around the head. The researchers submitted (递交) a patent for the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing commercializing the product with the private sector.
1．How long does the disinfecting process usually take
A．Around 20 minutes. B．Around 30 minutes.
C．Around 60 minutes. D．Around 70 minutes.
2．Why do Israeli researchers invent a new face mask
A．To kill viruses thoroughly. B．To spread a novel idea.
C．To replace the traditional ones. D．To make reusable and friendly ones.
3．What was Allon Moses’ concern according to the text
A．The reusable face masks could be unhealthy.
B．70-degree heat would hurt people in a way.
C．The cost of reusable face masks might be high.
D．The function of mask to prevent disease could be affected.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．A Mask for Curing the Coronavirus
B．The Latest Style of the Standard N95
C．A Kind of Mask Killing Viruses with Heat
D．The Cheapest Mask Instead of the Standard N95
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列理工学院的科研人员近日研发出新型的充电口罩，这种口罩通过充电加热杀死口罩上的病毒。而且这种新型充电口罩既经济又环保。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The disinfecting(消毒) process takes about half an hour...(消毒过程耗时大约30分钟)”可知，口罩消毒过程大约花费半小时。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ein-Eli said disposable masks were not economically or environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly, and this is our solution,” he said.(恩伊莱说，一次性口罩既不经济也不环保。他说:“你必须让它可重复使用且友好，这就是我们的解决方案。”)”可知，科学家们发明这种新口罩，是为了让它们既经济又环保。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But he cautioned that repeated heating could ‘damage the mask’s paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future’.(但他警告说，反复加热可能会“损坏口罩的纸张或面料，并破坏其未来抵御疾病的能力”)”可知，阿龙·摩西教授担心的是反复加热对口罩预防疾病功能的破坏。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the coronavirus with heat by drawing power from a mobile phone charger.(以色列研究人员称，他们已经发明了一种可重复使用的口罩，可以通过从手机充电器充电来加热杀死冠状病毒)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要围绕这种可通过充电加热杀死病毒的新口罩展开介绍。C项“一种发热的杀菌口罩”作为文章标题最佳。故选C。阅读理解 解密01 主旨要义（分层训练） (
分层练A
)
1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】B
Douglas Smith, n gardener from Hertfordshire. the U.K., recently set a new Guinness World Record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem (茎), 1,269.
Up until last summer, the record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem had stood unchallenged for over a decade. Then English farmer Douglas Smith set his sight on breaking it, thinking that he could grow more than 488 fruits on s single stem. He proved that last year, when he managed to break the old record by growing 839 tomatoes on a greenhouse -grown plant. It was quite an achievement, but he was only getting started, as only a few weeks later Douglas Smith broke his own record by growing no less than 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem.
Is Douglas Smith a gardening addict He spends up to four hours a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been working hard on becoming the best possible gardener the world has ever seen. To maximize his chances of setting a new world record, he read various scientific papers and even took soil samples to be tested in a laboratory. And in the end, they all paid off.
“I am over the moon,” Douglas said. “This year was only meant to be an experimental year to see which varieties would produce the most fruits and we had to fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid to a number of other tomato plants. I’m amazed by how many tomatoes were on the plant in the end.”
Growing 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem is only Douglas Smith’s latest achievement. In 2020, he grew a 20-foot-tall sunflower, and also set a new national record for the heaviest tomato, with a 3.106 kg tomato. He likes to run little experiments on other vegetables and crops, and he is currently experimenting on peas, aubergines and potatoes.
1．What can we know about Douglas Smith from paragraph 2
A．He broke the old record twice.
B．He had planted the best tomatoes.
C．He thought breaking the record was easy.
D．He had worked to break the record for a decade.
2．Which of the following can describe Douglas Smith best
A．Strict and tolerant. B．Attractive and brave
C．Patient and hard-working. D．Friendly and humorous.
3．What may be a challenge for Douglas Smith to break the old record
A．A lack of money. B．Skill shortages.
C．Building a laboratory. D．Dealing with the blight.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The record’s significance.
B．Douglas Smith’s next plan.
C．The details about the heaviest tomato.
D．More information about Douglas Smith’s planting.
2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】B
Just as the shiny brochure promised, from the moment I set foot on the Harvard campuslast fall, I was exposed to an exciting andenlightening new world.
I was born and raised 1, 500 miles away, in a small apartment in Jackson, Mississippi. I am the only child, so my mother overpowered me with her love. For someone who sees so much beauty in the world, she worked awfullyhard to protect me from it. Television, rap music, and even basketball with the kids on the block was beyond consideration. It left me a bit bitter as a teenager, but I grew to appreciate her enormous sacrifices(牺牲) — walking me to the library every afternoon, laboring at multiple jobs to keep food on the table, and telling me stories late into the night.
When I announced the summer before my senior year of high school that I had decided to apply to Harvard, I noticed her hesitant look before a warm smile enveloped her face. I pretended not to see, but I was never able to forget it. I tried to explain my reasons for wanting to leave-to prove I was smart enough, fear of taking the path of least resistance, the classic teenage feeling of being trapped — but the words just made me sound shallow and ungrateful.
Nevertheless, I began to work on the college applications-an early one for Harvard and roughly a dozen others standing by. I knew the chance of getting into Harvard was not in my favor. To my joy, I was informed of my acceptance into Harvard three days before my birthday. That night, after all of the celebratory texts and hugs, I sat in my room and began to cry uncontrollably.
Over the course of this year, I have changed in ways I never anticipated. I think I know now why my mother let me go. Harvard has forced me to grow and take a fair look at the world, and at myself. Needless to say, I would not trade the experience for anything.
1．The underlined word in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A．made a difference to B．made peace with
2．What was the mother’s first response to the author’s decision
A．She was worried about it. B．She laughed at it.
C．She approved of it immediately. D．She turned a deaf ear to it.
3．What did the author say about his admission to Harvard
A．It deserved a big celebration. B．It served as a late birthday present.
C．It was beyond his expectations. D．It was a favor he owed his mother.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Lifelong Learning in Harvard
B．Reflections on the Road to Harvard
C．What Harvard Means to My Mother and Me
D．How Harvard Shapes My Teenage Years
3.【河南省新乡市2023届高三上学期第一次模拟】D
One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.
In 2013, a damaged mammoth (猛犸象) skull and other bones that looked “deliberately broken” were found. The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools. Carbon- dating analysis suggested the pieces are roughly 37 ,000 years old. This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.
Previous research led scientists to believe the first humans that settled in North America belonged to the Clovis culture. This was a group of people who left behind carefully made tools 16,000 years ago. However, carbon-dating analysis of the mammoth bones indicates that the site is around 36, 250 to 38, 900 years old. That means it’s the oldest known site left behind by ancient humans in North America.
“That’s not the only interesting thing about the discovery,” said Timothy Rowe, a professor at the University of Texas. “The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.”
Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.
The early humans shaped bones into sharp blades, which were used to take apart animals’ remains, according to Rowe. There are also signs that they cooked the animal bones over a fire to melt off the fat. “The real evidence that we have has to do with the breakage patterns, and how thorough they are. They must have used rocks or hammer stones to bust the skeleton apart... These people would use whatever they could,” Rowe told USA Today.
1．What can be learnt about the earliest humans in North America
A．They arrived there 16,000 years ago. B．They caused mammoth to disappear.
C．They belonged to the Clovis culture. D．They could make tools with bones.
2．Why are the findings similar to the new one ignored
A．They lack a good chance. B．They fail to draw attention.
C．They disagree with earlier research. D．They aren’t studied scientifically.
3．How does Rowe find the new discovery
A．Inspiring. B．Annoying. C．Puzzling. D．Embarrassing.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Earliest Humans’ Settling in North America
B．Evidence of Earlier Humans’ Arrival in North America
C．The Earliest Tool Makers in North America
D．Research on Mammoths in North America
4.【河北省唐山市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】C
The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter (直径) of the observable universe is estimated to be about 93 billion light years across. With just our eyes, we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance though there are some objects we can see that are much further away. The farthest object we can see with our eyes is Andromeda Galaxy (仙女座星系) located 2.5 million light years away, and yet it is only visible if there is little light pollution. In order to see farther into space, we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021. JWST is now the most powerful telescope ever built, and it is able to see the universe as it was only 200 million years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.
The farthest physical distance we can see is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). CMBR can be thought of as the echo (回声) of the Big Bang as it is the leftover radiation from the birth of the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest possible distance humans can see as it represents the moment that the universe became transparent to light. Although light did exist before CMBR, gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space. CMBR formed only 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and so we are seeing the universe prior to the formation of even the first stars.
1．Why does the author mention Andromeda Galaxy
A．To present the origin of the universe.
B．To stress the severity of space pollution.
C．To show the limited range of human vision.
D．To prove humans' wonderful view of space.
2．What do we know about JWST
A．It was launched in 2022.
B．It is more advanced than HST.
C．It can see 300 million years after the Big Bang.
D．It was used to study the formation of the first galaxies.
3．What does the underlined word "dense" in the last paragraph mean
A．Distant. B．Rare.
C．Tiny. D．Thick.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．How Far Can Humans See In Space B．How Will JWST Be Applied
C．How Will Humans Explore Space D．How Far Can JWST See
(
分层练B
)
1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】C
These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones (无人机) ate getting in on the action. The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.
The eye in the sky that they provide helps researchers better understand what’s going on with the natural world in which we live. For environmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air to record sweeping footage of a large area to track the impact of things like climate change, migration and the acts of cutting down and burning forest trees, which can be done without having to buy a helicopter, rent a plane or tape a video camera to a bird.
Sure, there’s plenty of satellite footage already out there, but drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they’re looking to monitor. In 2013, for example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent a drone into the Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica to gather data about its emissions. The temperature, ash height and gas concentration information collected during the mission helped earth scientists determine which way the volcanic and potentially poisonous gas erupting from the volcano was moving and take steps to limit its environmental impact.
Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. They use drones equipped with infrared (红外线的) cameras to sweep into places that they may otherwise not be able to reach to monitor and collect data on the melting ice. The same flying machines may also eventually be used to transport other data collection tools into the wild.
1．How does the author lead in the topic of the text
A．By giving examples. B．By listing data.
C．By drawing a distinction. D．By making assumptions.
2．What mainly makes drones used to better watch nature
A．The high safety.
B．The huge space.
C．The recovery capability after damage.
D．The ability to collect data at a high altitude.
3．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about drones
A．Their production steps.
B．Their practical functions.
C．Their potential impacts on the atmosphere.
D．Their data set for motoring the environment.
4．Which is a suitable title for the text
A．Drones: Poisonous B．Drones: Eco-friendly
C．Drones: Limited D．Drones: Adaptable
2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】C
Nearly 10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s disease. While Parkinson’s is incurable, some of its worst symptoms can be relieved and controlled using medications. A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆转的)neuron loss.
But scientists might have just the thing to change the situation. And it involves a nose. In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nose, ”a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson’s patients.
It may come as a surprise to learn Parkinson’s patients have their own smells. But after a retired nurse in Scotland made headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband’s Parkinson’s diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that could smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.
Over the years, scientists have found people with Parkinson’s tend to produce more sebum (皮脂)than the average person. This sebum mixes with other overproduced substances to produce certain, unique smells.
To track down these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs of 31 Parkinson’s patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Using machine-learning software, they were able to identify three smell compounds that healthy volunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nose on sebum taken from 12 Parkinson’s patients and 12 healthy people. The device was found to be about 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum from Parkinson’s sebum.
These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson’s in the U. S. is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.
1．What makes it difficult for Parkinson’s patients to get effective treatment
A．Its medications are in short supply.
B．It involves irreversible neuron loss.
C．Its early signs are not easy to notice.
D．It’s not a curable disease medically.
2．What did the Scottish nurse find
A．Her husband’s body gave off a strange smell.
B．Her husband had a heightened sense of smell.
C．A smell caused her husband to suffer from a disease.
D．A smell could relieve her husband’s Parkinson’s symptoms.
3．What will the researchers do concerning their invention
A．Put it into clinical use.
B．Conduct a broader test.
C．Create more lab models.
D．Expand its market outside the U. S.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．This e-nose can smell Parkinson’s
B．Parkinson’s patients produce more sebum
C．People living with Parkinson’s are on the rise
D．Researchers have found treatment for Parkinson’s
3.【河北省张家口市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】D
When Anika Puri visited India with her family four years ago, she was surprised to come across a market in Bombay filled with rows of ivory jewelry (象牙饰品) and statues. Globally, ivory trade has been illegal for more than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prohibited in India since the 1970s.
“I was quite shocked,” the 17-year-old from New York, recalls, “Because poaching (偷猎) is illegal, how come it is still such a big issue ”
Curious, Puri did some research and discovered a shocking statistic: Africa’s forest elephant population had declined by about 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers continued to drop. Puri, a wildlife lover, wanted to do something to help protect the species and others still threatened by poaching.
Over the course of two years, Puri created EISa, a low-cost product of a machine learning-driven software that analyzes movement patterns in thermal infrared (热红外) videos of humans and elephants. Puri says the software is four times more accurate than existing state-of-the-art detection methods. It also eliminates the need for expensive high-definition thermal cameras, which can cost thousands, she says. EISa uses a $250 FLIR ONE Pro thermal camera with 206 * 156 resolution that plugs into an off-the-shelf iPhone 6. The camera and iPhone are then attached to a drone (无人机), and the system produces real-time inferences as it flies over parks as to whether objects below are humans or elephants.
Its potential impact on society earned her the Peggy Scripps Award for Science Communication. “Research isn’t a straight line,” Puri says. “It makes me resourceful. It helps me develop into a more creative thinker.”
1．What inspired Anika Puri to make the invention
A．One study trip to Bombay. B．The deep passion for law.
C．One visit in India. D．Her love for ivory.
2．How does the author explain the situation of Africa’s forest elephant
A．By listing figures. B．By making comparison.
C．By showing an example. D．By referring to some former studies.
3．What’s the research like in Anika Puri’s eyes
A．It’s tough and can’t reach the goal. B．It’s beneficial to one’s development.
C．It really requires a variety of resources. D．It should be further developed because of the need.
4．What may be the best title of the text
A．Poaching Is a Shocking Problem
B．Drones Were Applied to the Ban on Poaching
C．A Fantastic Discovery Was Eventually Made by a Brilliant Teenager
D．A Teenager Invented a Low-Cost Tool to Spot Elephant Poachers in Real Time
4.【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考】
In recent years, we have always seen different kinds of new energy vehicles on the road frequently, but do you know anything about them
In the 21st century, with the increasing shortage of resources such as oil and natural gas, the issue of non-renewable resources has become a major concern. The traditional industry uses mostly oil as a fuel, and the carbon dioxide produced by burning oil hurts the air. The vehicle emissions (排放) contribute to global warming and other poisonous gases cause serious air pollution.
In response to the problem of vehicle pollution, countries and regions worldwide are setting increasingly strict standards for vehicle emissions. To cope with the increasing severity of vehicle emission standards, the major car manufacturers(制造商) are now mainly adopting methods to improve the technology related to the engines of conventional energy vehicles. Although this has improved the quality of emissions, it will be increasingly difficult to upgrade the technology. At this point, the development of new energy vehicles has become a new option for manufacturers, as the production and use of new energy vehicles will fundamentally solve the problem of vehicle emissions. Therefore, the development of new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.
New energy vehicles are proposed as opposed to traditional vehicles, which are mainly fuelled by petrol. A new energy vehicle is a type of vehicle that runs on clean energy sources, using new energy sources as the fuel commonly used to power the car and provide the drive energy for the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided into several categories, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid (混合动力) vehicles, and so on. In addition, new energy vehicles have the advantage of low energy consumption and low-carbon environmental protection.
However, although new energy vehicles follow the concept of sustainable development, there are still many problems and challenges in the development of new energy vehicle research and production. For instance, many issues require specialist technicians and solutions, and further breakthroughs are needed in key technology areas. In addition, the efficiency of new energy use needs to be further improved, making it difficult to form an industrial-scale operation in a short period.
1．What does using non-renewable resources invite
A．Harm to the planet. B．Low-carbon life.
C．Less air pollution. D．Shortage of water.
2．Which can best agree with the concept of sustainable development
A．Improving energy efficiency of traditional resources.
B．Replacing the engines of conventional energy vehicles.
C．Innovating vehicles related to renewable resources.
D．Manufacturing more cars and lowering their prices.
3．What does the fourth paragraph talk about concerning the new energy vehicles
A．The source, fuel and advantage.
B．The definition, fuel and protection.
C．The source, category and conformation,
D．The definition, category and advantage.
4．What is expected of new energy vehicles
A．They should be replaced. B．Further exploring in needed.
C．It is unnecessary to improve. D．They call for no more energy.
5.【2023届青海省西宁市高三上学期一模】
Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the coronavirus with heat by drawing power from a mobile phone charger.
The disinfecting (消毒) process takes about half an hour—and users should not wear the mask while it is plugged in, said Professor Yair Ein-Eli, who led the research team at Technion University in Haifa. The new mask has a USB port that connects to a power source such as a standard cell-phone charger that heats an inner layer of carbon fibres to 70 degrees Celsius, high enough to kill viruses.
Ein-Eli said disposable masks were not economically or environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly, and this is our solution,” he said.
Professor Allon Moses, an infectious diseases expert at Jerusalem’s Hadassah Medical Center, said there was “no question” that a half hour’s exposure to 70-degrce heat would kill the coronavirus. But he cautioned that repeated heating could “damage the mask’s paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future”.
During testing, the prototype was exposed to 20 heating cycles, each for half an hour, with no impact on durability, Ein-Eli said. “We can guarantee it up to a few dozen cycles, without any risk,” he added.
The prototypc looks like a standard N95 face mask, with a valve (阀) at the front and bands to hold it in place around the head. The researchers submitted (递交) a patent for the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing commercializing the product with the private sector.
1．How long does the disinfecting process usually take
A．Around 20 minutes. B．Around 30 minutes.
C．Around 60 minutes. D．Around 70 minutes.
2．Why do Israeli researchers invent a new face mask
A．To kill viruses thoroughly. B．To spread a novel idea.
C．To replace the traditional ones. D．To make reusable and friendly ones.
3．What was Allon Moses’ concern according to the text
A．The reusable face masks could be unhealthy.
B．70-degree heat would hurt people in a way.
C．The cost of reusable face masks might be high.
D．The function of mask to prevent disease could be affected.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．A Mask for Curing the Coronavirus
B．The Latest Style of the Standard N95
C．A Kind of Mask Killing Viruses with Heat
D．The Cheapest Mask Instead of the Standard N95
