2022-2023学年度高一年级期末测试模拟卷
英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：120分；命题人：王嘉成
注意事项：
1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上，本试卷不包含听力
一、阅读理解(每小题2分，共40分)
A
________ ________TO TENDER(投标)
Contract for the design of a luxury hotel and conference centre in Rio de Janeiro.
Horizon Hotel & Conference Centre — 5 stars
www.hotelhorizon.br | 320 rooms
Candidates are asked to submit their letter of intention before 24 June, 2023.
Horizon Hotels and Conference Centres (HHCC) invites several architectural firms to present a plan for designing a Hotel and Conference Centre in Rio de Janeiro.
HHCC is an international chain of high-class hotels and conference centres. It is famous for providing luxury accommodation and outstanding service. We intend the hotel to be used for conferences and congresses by groups from all over the world.
Selected architectural firms are asked to submit a plan for the ground floor of the building, which will be L-shaped. Details of the project are as follows.
The hotel will have seven floors:
Basement — equipment and storage
Ground floor — facilities to be decided
First floor — a large conference room, three meeting rooms and a seminar room
Second floor — office accommodation
Third-fifth floors — bedrooms
Sixth floor — a large restaurant, available for guests and the general public
The contract to design the hotel and conference centre will be awarded to the architectural firm which produces the best plan for the ground floor.
1．Which word best fits the question mark “ ” in the passage
A．INVITATION B．APPROACH
C．CONTRACT D．SUBMISSION
2． According to the passage, the hotel to be built will be mainly intended for________.
A．holiday makers B．conference attendees
C．architectural firms D．construction workers
3． HHCC’s final decision will be based on the best design of________.
A．the basement B．the first floor
C．the ground floor D．the whole building
B
Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal (真菌) networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees, which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.
“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing, ” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal net- works act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.
Cores (核心) taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death. ” said Birch.
Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it’s likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could inform how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and inform how we plant trees to preserve these networks. ”
4． In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones
A．They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon.
B．They confirm the benefits of fungal networks.
C．They clarify misunderstandings of fungal networks.
D．They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees.
5．How do fungal networks help trees
A．By fighting against diseases.
B．By bettering forest soil conditions.
C．By acting as the center of family units.
D．By maintaining the balance of resources.
6． What does the underlined word “those” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．Tree rings. B．Cores from firs.
C．Douglas firs. D．Fungal networks.
7． What can be inferred from Joseph Birch’s words in the last paragraph
A．The fungal networks support one another in times of stress.
B．The fungal networks enable us to know more about reforestation.
C．The findings can apply to different kinds of forests in other geographical areas.
D．The networks will help trees grow steadily if conditions become more stressful.
C
Mukbangs—eating shows—are becoming increasingly popular, in which people eat huge amounts of food throughout their shows. Some people believe that the point of mukbang is to get paid, which isn’t wrong, but it’s not the main point. The key point of mukbang is that people love watching other people enjoy their food, which is why mukbang has become so popular.
If you are creating mukbang videos, it can be very inviting to just keep eating and eating,which can result in weight gain. Mukbangers do gain weight, but only if they eat all the time.Many mukbangers are not big eaters, so they don’t have trouble losing weight, But if you are someone who likes to eat, then you might find that you shouldn’t create mukbang videos.
If you find yourself gaining weight every time you create a mukbang video, you should consider eating one meal a day and reduce or avoid eating more than one meal a day. It might be very hard to switch from three meals a day to only one big meal a day,but the results might be worth it, If you are a mukbang lover and don’t want to quit eating all those delicious, fatty foods, we recommend you start working out and make sure to eat healthy.
Some other mukbangers never gain weight because they can control their eating. So it would be hard for them to gain weight.Make sure to track your calorie intake(卡路里摄入量),which is related to overweight.
There are many people who like watching mukbang videos. Many of them do this all the time because it’s so satisfying to watch other people enjoy food. If you’re watching food videos while dieting, there’s not much to worry about as long as you don’t overeat from your own plate.Personally,watching mukbang videos won’t break your fast(禁食期).So you can watch as many videos as you like.
8． What is the main point of mukbang
A．To earn money. B．To enjoy food.
C．To teach cooking. D．To please the viewers.
9． What should you do if you put on weight while mukbanging
A．Do exercise. B．Eat less healthy food.
C．Have no meals per day. D．Have weight-loss medicine.
10． What does calorie intake influence according to the text
A．Body weight. B．Diet plan.
C．Life style. D．Food choice.
11． What is the writer’s attitude towards watching mukbang videos
A．Uncertain. B．Supportive.
C．Negative. D．Uninterested.
D
Social media use has been linked to depression, especially in teenage girls. But a new study argues that the issue may be more complex than experts think.
The research involved interviews with 10,000 teenagers in England. “Our results suggest social media itself doesn’t cause harm, but that frequent use may disrupt activities that positively impact mental health such as sleeping and exercising, while increasing exposure of young people to harmful content, particularly cyberbullying (网络欺凌),” study co-author Russell Viner said in a statement.
Bob Patton, a lecturer of the University of Surrey, said this means strategies focusing only on reducing social media use to improve mental health might not help. He said, “Building strategies to increase resilience (适应力) to cyberbullying and promote better sleep and exercise is needed to reduce psychological (心理的) harm.”
The research was conducted by interviewing teenagers once a year. They would report the frequency of their using social media. More than three times daily was considered “very frequent”. The researchers noted that they did not capture how much time the participants spent on these websites, which was a limitation of the study. “For boys, the impact on their mental health may result from other reasons,” the authors said.
The researchers found that, in both sexes, very frequent social media use was associated with greater psychological harm. The effect was especially clear among girls: The more often they checked social media, the greater their psychological harm was.
But most impact on psychological harm in girls could be accounted for by lower sleep quality and greater exposure to cyberbullying, with decreased physical activities playing a lesser role. But for boys, those factors explained only 12% of the effects of very frequent social media use on psychological harm.
“It’s an important distinction,” said Ann DeSmet, a professor at Ghent University in Belgium. “If healthy lifestyles can be replaced, the positive effects of social media use, such as encouraging social interactions, can be more supported.”
12．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The risk of cyberbullying. B．The report of the statement.
C．The findings of the research. D．The functions of social media.
13．What did Bob Patton mainly tell us
A．The need to fight against mental harm. B．The proper way to improve mental health.
C．The benefit of limiting social media use. D．The impact of social media use on people.
14． What can we know about the research
A．It had shortcomings. B．It needed more attention.
C．It was the first in its class. D．It was difficult to carry out.
15．(0分)Which of the following may be the best title for the text
A．The research on teenage girls B．The harm of using social media
C．Social interactions are encouraged D．Social media use influences girls especially
E
Do you ever notice how stress and mental frustration can affect your physical abilities When you are worried about something at work, do you find yourself more tired at the end of the day This phenomenon is a result of the activation of a specific area of the brain when we attempt to participate in both physical tasks and mental tasks simultaneously.
Ranjana Mehta, Ph.D．, assistant professor at the Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Public Health, carried out a study examining the relationship between physical and mental tiredness and brain behavior. The study showed that if we attempt mental tasks while doing physical tasks, we activate specific areas, called the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (前额皮质), in our brain.
This can cause our bodies to become tired much sooner than if we were only participating in a physical task. The brain is just like any other biological tissue (组织), because it can be overused and can suffer from tiredness.
“Existing examinations of physical and mental tiredness have been used to study muscular and biomechanical (生物力学的) changes,” said Mehta. “The purpose of this study was to examine the influence on the PFC while we compare the changes in brain behavior with traditional measures of tiredness.”
According to Mehta, study findings show that there were lower blood oxygen levels in the PFC following combined physical and mental tiredness compared to that of just physical tiredness conditions. Through simultaneous examination of the brain and muscle function it is obvious that when we participant in highly cognitive tasks, brain resources are divided which may speed up the development of physical tiredness.
It is critical that researchers consider the brain as well as the body when examining tiredness development and its influence on the body. This can provide us with a total understanding of what is happening to the body when we perform our daily activities. “Not a lot of people see the value in looking at both the brain and the body together,” said Mehta. “However, no one does purely physical or mental work; they always do both.”
16． What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Influence of stress and mental frustration on tiredness development.
B．Influence of stress and mental frustration on mental abilities.
C．Influence of mental work on tiredness development.
D．Influence of physical work on mental abilities.
17． What does the underlined word “simultaneously” in the first paragraph probably mean
A．At the same time. B．One by one. C．Step by step. D．Over and over again.
18． It can be inferred that Ranjana Mehta's study has little to do with________.
A．tiredness in the body B．brain behavior
C．mental tiredness D．mental diseases
19． The brain is not an exception in the body when it________.
A．is used to complete a specific task
B．suffers from tiredness caused by overuse
C．becomes tired much sooner
D．is examined from a physical view
20． According to Mehta, one of the study's aims was to find________.
A．how the combination of physical and mental tasks affects the PFC
B．the differences between brain behavior and traditional measures
C．why changes in brain behavior influence the PFC
D．muscular and biomechanical changes
二、七选五(每小题2分，共10分)
You slowly open your eyes. Ah, another beautiful morning. You think to yourself, “It’s great not to have anything to worry about”. OH NO! Today is exam day and you haven’t studied enough! ____21___ How can you deal with the mountains of stress that exams seem to create Read on to find out some useful study tips to prepare for exams:
Get into a routine
If you get started early enough before your exams, you will find you don’t need to put in any all-nighters. Find the time of the day that you study the best. Pick a couple of hours and stick to this study time. Get to know how you learn the best. ____22____
Plan ahead
Planning ahead is the best way to maximize your chances of good grades. You may have only limited time to study. ____23___ Ask your teachers to help you make a list of the most important topics to study. If you stick to a schedule, it will start to seem manageable.
Look after yourself
Fresh fruit and vegetables will give you energy and increase your ability to concentrate. Don’t stay awake all night trying to study. Wind down after study and try some relaxation exercises. Having regular exercise will keep your mind active. ____24____
Assistance and resources
Your teachers will usually be more than happy to meet with you outside of class times. Make appointments to meet with them regularly. Don’t waste their time, however. Plan what you want to discuss and have some questions written down. ____25___ Practise on past exam papers, but don’t rely only on them. There is no such thing as a short cut when it comes to exams.
A．This is the same mistake you always make.
B．How can you avoid a situation like this
C．In this case you need to make a schedule.
D．So you can make the best of your spare time.
E．It can also prevent your concentration from dropping.
F．Perhaps studying on the bed or outside is better for you.
G．You should also make use of all the other available resources.
三、完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
TikTok, a social media app dedicated to short-form videos, has emerged as a major firer of food trends—from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread and feta pasta. But another trend, the #whatieatinaday trend, is dominating TikTok, which is ____26____ 9 billion views.
Even though #whatieatinaday posts may be ____27____ to serve as healthy inspiration for others, there’s a growing feeling that these video diaries of daily eats will likely do more harm than good—especially among young girls or people with a history of disordered eating.
The ____28____ message these posts send is that if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them. Yet what someone else eats in a day doesn’t mean it’s right for you, since these “____29____” videos are not a completely accurate representation of what someone typically eats.
Often the overly stylized meals do not____30____ a nutritionally adequate diet. The posts are ____31____the illusion (幻想) of an ideal day of eating, along with an ideal body size.
Younger audiences, especially girls and young women, internalize the message that they must eat like these creators to achieve and maintain not only health, but also social ____32____. The biggest harm with this trend is that it normalizes disordered or ____33____ eating behaviors. This could prevent someone struggling with an eating disorder from ____34____ support or treatment.
Even if the #whatieatinaday posts are displaying a balanced day of eating, the ____35____ message of “eat like me, and you will look like me” is harmful because people will not necessarily achieve the same body size as the ____36____ even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.
____37____, what might be a healthy, adequate day of satisfying meals for one person may be inadequate and unsatisfying to another. Even worse, someone looking at these posts may conclude that they need to be eating half as much to ____38____.
People making these videos are overwhelmingly thin, young, able-bodied and white. There is a complete lack of body ____39____. And this encourages harmful comparisons to unrealistic body standards that are ____40____ to the vast majority of people. Therefore, those of us from marginalized communities are once again unable to see positive representations of our varying bodies, foods and cultural representation in these harmful posts.”
26．A．nearing B．longing C．ducking D．driving
27．A．emphasized B．simplified C．substituted D．intended
28．A．moral B．scientific C．potential D．unfavorable
29．A．modern B．staged C．educational D．alternative
30．A．prioritize B．commercialize C．recognize D．civilize
31．A．promoting B．representing C．spoiling D．perfecting
32．A．welfare B．equality C．desirability D．justice
33．A．individual B．instinctive C．restrictive D．changeable
34．A．attracting B．seeking C．slipping D．offering
35．A．suburban B．subtle C．subsequent D．substantial
36．A．reader B．advertiser C．campaigner D．poster
37．A．Therefore B．Finally C．Additionally D．Meanwhile
38．A．lose weight B．share interests C．assume burden D．make contributions
39．A．language B．diversity C．similarity D．dynamic
40．A．available B．predictable C．inadequate D．unattainable
四、语法填空 (每小题1.5分，共15分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
“The dangerous thing about lying is people don’t understand how the act changes us,” says Dan Ariely, behavioural psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Lying is even considered ________ developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, with sophisticated planning and attention ________ (require). But, for most people, lying gets increasingly limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.
According to Ariely, lying takes work. In studies, he have subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gains while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine. Some people told the truth instantly. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal(颅腔壁的)control network, which is involved in complex thinking. It suggested that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty, and after thinking about it, ________ (choose) the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural(神经的)reward centers were ___ ____ (active) when they won money were less likely to be among the group of liars, and the opposite was seen among those so-called habitual liars, suggesting that lying ____ ___ have to do with the inability to resist temptation.
External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we think others are watching. “We ____ ____ a society need to understand that, when we don’t punish lying, we increase the probability of ________ happening again, influencing all of us,” Ariely said.
In a 2016 study, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people’s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people told a lie, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala, a crucial part of the brain that produces fear and guilt. But when scientists had their subjects ________ (play) a game in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. “Not only that,” said Ariely in an interview with National Science Channel, “ ________ people tended to lie more when they faced no consequences for dishonesty. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies, ________ get bigger over time.”
五、书面表达（共15分）
41．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是李华，你在香港读大学的朋友Terry最近想找份兼职，为暑假旅游筹集旅费。他对以下三份工作都有兴趣，难以抉择，因此发邮件征求你的意见。给Terry回复一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：
1) 推荐其中一份兼职；
2) 通过比较，说明你推荐该份兼职的理由。
服装销售助理Fashion sales assistant ●时薪80元 ●工作时间：周六、周日(12：00—22：00) ●主要职责：主要处理客人查询及投诉
语言教师Language teacher ●时薪150元 ●工作时间：周二、周四(19：00—21：00)周六(14：00—16：00) ●主要职责：主要辅导本地小学生学习英语
字幕翻译Subtitle translator ●时薪200元 ●工作时间：无固定时间 ●主要职责：电影或电视节目的字幕翻译
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写(共25分)
42．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I often go climbing with my friend Mel Olsen, whom I'd met in a Face-book group. Two years ago, on December 30, when I was 16, she and I drove to Oregon to tackle 11, 240-foot Mount Hood. My parents were happy I'd finally found a hobby.
It's safer to start winter climbs at night when there's less risk of the sun melting the snowpack. That day, we started at 3 a. m, following the paths alongside the ski runs. The temperature was about14 degrees. Along the way, we met two other climbers, and the four of us continued on together.
After about five hours, we reached Devil's Kitchen, a plateau at about 10, 000 feet, just before the final push to the top. By this point, the wind was violent. My exposed skin felt as though it were burning. The other climbers decided to turn back, but Mel and I went ahead. We had ice axes, helmets, and crampons (冰爪). We were prepared for the climb.
The trail we followed grew narrower and steeper. Suddenly, I heard a crack, and a whole block of ice broke off the ice step, right under my foot.
In an instant, I fell backward. I could hear Mel calling my name as I rolled down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game. I stuck out my arms and legs, grabbing at anything. My clothes were torn into pieces, my helmet was broken, and my face was bloodied from cuts and scratches. Then I took a survey of my body to see where I was hurt, starting with my head, then my neck and arms. For the most part, I was fine, except that I was suffering from a sharp pain in my left leg.
As Mel made her way down, I shouted for help, and other climbers came to assist me. A couple of them were trained EMTs. They fixed my leg and called Portland Mountain Rescue. Mel stayed by my side while I tried not to cry from the pain.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I'd been lying on the ice shaking and aching for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The fall on a mountain can change everything.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2022-2023学年度高一年级期末测试模拟卷
英语试卷——解析版
考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：120分；命题人：王嘉成
注意事项：
1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上，本试卷不包含听力
一、阅读理解(每小题2分，共40分)
A
________ ________TO TENDER(投标)
Contract for the design of a luxury hotel and conference centre in Rio de Janeiro.
Horizon Hotel & Conference Centre — 5 stars
www.hotelhorizon.br | 320 rooms
Candidates are asked to submit their letter of intention before 24 June, 2023.
Horizon Hotels and Conference Centres (HHCC) invites several architectural firms to present a plan for designing a Hotel and Conference Centre in Rio de Janeiro.
HHCC is an international chain of high-class hotels and conference centres. It is famous for providing luxury accommodation and outstanding service. We intend the hotel to be used for conferences and congresses by groups from all over the world.
Selected architectural firms are asked to submit a plan for the ground floor of the building, which will be L-shaped. Details of the project are as follows.
The hotel will have seven floors:
Basement — equipment and storage
Ground floor — facilities to be decided
First floor — a large conference room, three meeting rooms and a seminar room
Second floor — office accommodation
Third-fifth floors — bedrooms
Sixth floor — a large restaurant, available for guests and the general public
The contract to design the hotel and conference centre will be awarded to the architectural firm which produces the best plan for the ground floor.
1．Which word best fits the question mark “ ” in the passage
A．INVITATION B．APPROACH
C．CONTRACT D．SUBMISSION
2．According to the passage, the hotel to be built will be mainly intended for________.
A．holiday makers B．conference attendees
C．architectural firms D．construction workers
3．HHCC’s final decision will be based on the best design of________.
A．the basement B．the first floor
C．the ground floor D．the whole building
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则关于地平线酒店和会议中心的投标邀请。
1．推理判断题。根据文中“Horizon Hotels and Conference Centres (HHCC) invites several architectural firms to present a plan for designing a Hotel and Conference Centre in Rio de Janeiro. (地平线酒店和会议中心（HHCC）邀请几家建筑公司提出了在里约热内卢里约热内卢设计酒店和会议中心的方案)”可推知，文章是投标的邀请书。故“邀请”最适合问号部分。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第六段中“We intend the hotel to be used for conferences and congresses by groups from all over the world.(我们打算将该酒店用作来自世界各地团体的会议和代表大会)”可知，将要建造的酒店将主要用于会议与会者。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The contract to design the hotel and conference centre will be awarded to the architectural firm which produces the best plan for the ground floor.(酒店和会议中心的设计合同将授予为底层设计出最佳方案的建筑公司)”可知，HHCC的最终决定将基于底层的最佳设计。故选C。
B
Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal (真菌) networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees, which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.
“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they drive what the forest is doing, ” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal net- works act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.
Cores (核心) taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death. ” said Birch.
Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it’s likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could inform how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and inform how we plant trees to preserve these networks. ”
4．In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones
A．They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon.
B．They confirm the benefits of fungal networks.
C．They clarify misunderstandings of fungal networks.
D．They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees.
5． How do fungal networks help trees
A．By fighting against diseases.
B．By bettering forest soil conditions.
C．By acting as the center of family units.
D．By maintaining the balance of resources.
6．What does the underlined word “those” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．Tree rings. B．Cores from firs.
C．Douglas firs. D．Fungal networks.
7． What can be inferred from Joseph Birch’s words in the last paragraph
A．The fungal networks support one another in times of stress.
B．The fungal networks enable us to know more about reforestation.
C．The findings can apply to different kinds of forests in other geographical areas.
D．The networks will help trees grow steadily if conditions become more stressful.
【答案】4．D 5．D 6．C 7．B
【导读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述一项新的研究发现，成树的生长与它们参与生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。这些土壤里面的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利条件。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal(真菌)networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the importance of fungal networks to older trees, which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.(这项研究首次表明，成树的生长与它们参与生活在森林土壤中的真菌网络有关。虽然过去的研究主要集中在年轻的树木上，但这些发现为真菌网络对老树的重要性提供了新的见解，这些真菌网络对捕获碳等功能更有利于环境。)”可知，本次研究是首次关注成树的生长，以及真菌网络与其的关系。而之前的研究更多集中是对幼年树木的研究，所以新发现与以前的发现有所不同。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“When they live in the forest soil, fungal net- works act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource-limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.(当它们生活在森林土壤中时，真菌网就像一种高速公路，让水、营养物质和化合物在树木之间来回流动。该网络还有助于营养物质流向资源有限的树木，就像家庭单位一样，在压力下相互支持。)”可知，本段讲述了真菌网络是如何帮助树木获取营养物质，并且不同的营养物质通过网络来回流动可以达到一种资源平衡方式，有助于树木生长。故选D项。
6．词汇猜测题。根据第三段“Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections.(从350棵道格拉斯花旗松中提取的核心显示，树木年轮的生长与一棵树与其他树木之间真菌联系的程度有关。它们比那些只有少量连接的植物生长得快得多。)”可知，本段是用花旗松举例子，说明树木年轮与真菌网络有关系，本句中“they”和“those”都是指代花旗松。A项Tree rings树木年轮；B项Cores from firs 花旗松核心；C项Douglas firs 花旗松；D项Fungal networks真菌网络。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He said, ‘Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could inform how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and inform how we plant trees to preserve these networks.’ (他说：‘了解真菌网络是否在其他树种上以同样的方式运作，可以告诉我们在收获它们后如何重新造林，以及我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络。’)”可知，Joseph Birch认为真菌网络可以告诉我们如何重新造林，所以了解真菌网络有助于植树造林。故选B项。
C
Mukbangs—eating shows—are becoming increasingly popular, in which people eat huge amounts of food throughout their shows. Some people believe that the point of mukbang is to get paid, which isn’t wrong, but it’s not the main point. The key point of mukbang is that people love watching other people enjoy their food, which is why mukbang has become so popular.
If you are creating mukbang videos, it can be very inviting to just keep eating and eating,which can result in weight gain. Mukbangers do gain weight, but only if they eat all the time.Many mukbangers are not big eaters, so they don’t have trouble losing weight, But if you are someone who likes to eat, then you might find that you shouldn’t create mukbang videos.
If you find yourself gaining weight every time you create a mukbang video, you should consider eating one meal a day and reduce or avoid eating more than one meal a day. It might be very hard to switch from three meals a day to only one big meal a day,but the results might be worth it, If you are a mukbang lover and don’t want to quit eating all those delicious, fatty foods, we recommend you start working out and make sure to eat healthy.
Some other mukbangers never gain weight because they can control their eating. So it would be hard for them to gain weight.Make sure to track your calorie intake(卡路里摄入量),which is related to overweight.
There are many people who like watching mukbang videos. Many of them do this all the time because it’s so satisfying to watch other people enjoy food. If you’re watching food videos while dieting, there’s not much to worry about as long as you don’t overeat from your own plate.Personally,watching mukbang videos won’t break your fast(禁食期).So you can watch as many videos as you like.
8．What is the main point of mukbang
A．To earn money. B．To enjoy food.
C．To teach cooking. D．To please the viewers.
9．What should you do if you put on weight while mukbanging
A．Do exercise. B．Eat less healthy food.
C．Have no meals per day. D．Have weight-loss medicine.
10．What does calorie intake influence according to the text
A．Body weight. B．Diet plan.
C．Life style. D．Food choice.
11．What is the writer’s attitude towards watching mukbang videos
A．Uncertain. B．Supportive.
C．Negative. D．Uninterested.
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．A 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了吃播这一网络现象大受欢迎，并给一些热衷吃播的人提供了如何保持体重的建议以及一些吃播博主是如何控制体重的。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“The key point of mukbang is that people love watching other people enjoy their food, which is why mukbang has become so popular.（吃播的关键在于人们喜欢看别人享受他们的食物，这就是为什么吃播变得如此受欢迎）”可知，吃播的关键在于热衷于看到别人享受食物。选项B. To enjoy food.（享受美食）符合语意。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“If you are a mukbang lover and don’t want to quit eating all those delicious, fatty foods, we recommend you start working out and make sure to eat healthy.（如果你是一个吃直播的爱好者，不想放弃那些美味、高脂肪的食物，我们建议你开始锻炼，并确保饮食健康）”可知，在进行吃播过程中，如果体重增加，那么应该开始锻炼，并确保饮食健康。选项A. Do exercise.（锻炼身体）符合语意。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Make sure to track your calorie intake(卡路里摄入量),which is related to overweight.（一定要跟踪你的卡路里摄入量，这与超重有关）”可知，卡路里的摄入与体重有关，选项A. Body weight（体重）符合语意。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Personally, watching mukbang videos won’t break your fast(禁食期).So you can watch as many videos as you like.（就我个人而言，看吃播视频不会打破你的斋戒。所以你想看多少视频就可以看多少）”可知，作者认为想看多少吃播视频都可以，因此推断出作者对吃播是持支持的态度的。选项B. Supportive（支持的）符合语意。故选B。
D
Social media use has been linked to depression, especially in teenage girls. But a new study argues that the issue may be more complex than experts think.
The research involved interviews with 10,000 teenagers in England. “Our results suggest social media itself doesn’t cause harm, but that frequent use may disrupt activities that positively impact mental health such as sleeping and exercising, while increasing exposure of young people to harmful content, particularly cyberbullying (网络欺凌),” study co-author Russell Viner said in a statement.
Bob Patton, a lecturer of the University of Surrey, said this means strategies focusing only on reducing social media use to improve mental health might not help. He said, “Building strategies to increase resilience (适应力) to cyberbullying and promote better sleep and exercise is needed to reduce psychological (心理的) harm.”
The research was conducted by interviewing teenagers once a year. They would report the frequency of their using social media. More than three times daily was considered “very frequent”. The researchers noted that they did not capture how much time the participants spent on these websites, which was a limitation of the study. “For boys, the impact on their mental health may result from other reasons,” the authors said.
The researchers found that, in both sexes, very frequent social media use was associated with greater psychological harm. The effect was especially clear among girls: The more often they checked social media, the greater their psychological harm was.
But most impact on psychological harm in girls could be accounted for by lower sleep quality and greater exposure to cyberbullying, with decreased physical activities playing a lesser role. But for boys, those factors explained only 12% of the effects of very frequent social media use on psychological harm.
“It’s an important distinction,” said Ann DeSmet, a professor at Ghent University in Belgium. “If healthy lifestyles can be replaced, the positive effects of social media use, such as encouraging social interactions, can be more supported.”
12．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The risk of cyberbullying. B．The report of the statement.
C．The findings of the research. D．The functions of social media.
13．What did Bob Patton mainly tell us
A．The need to fight against mental harm. B．The proper way to improve mental health.
C．The benefit of limiting social media use. D．The impact of social media use on people.
14．What can we know about the research
A．It had shortcomings. B．It needed more attention.
C．It was the first in its class. D．It was difficult to carry out.
15．Which of the following may be the best title for the text
A．The research on teenage girls B．The harm of using social media
C．Social interactions are encouraged D．Social media use influences girls especially
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是说明文。研究表明，频繁地使用社交媒体会给青少年造成心理危害，尤其对女孩的危害更加明显。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The research involved interviews with 10,000 teenagers in England. “Our results suggest social media itself doesn’t cause harm, but that frequent use may disrupt activities that positively impact mental health such as sleeping and exercising, while increasing exposure of young people to harmful content, particularly cyberbullying (网络欺凌),” study co-author Russell Viner said in a statement.”（这项研究采访了英国的1万名青少年。研究合著者拉塞尔·瓦纳在一份声明中说：“我们的研究结果表明，社交媒体本身不会造成伤害，但频繁使用可能会扰乱对心理健康有积极影响的活动，如睡眠和锻炼，同时增加年轻人接触有害内容，特别是网络欺凌。”）可知，第二段主要介绍了这个研究的结果。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Bob Patton, a lecturer of the University of Surrey, said this means strategies focusing only on reducing social media use to improve mental health might not help. He said, “Building strategies to increase resilience to cyberbullying and promote better sleep and exercise is needed to reduce psychological harm.””（萨里大学的讲师鲍勃·巴顿说，这意味着只注重减少社交媒体使用来改善心理健康的策略可能没有帮助。他说：“为了减少心理伤害，需要制定策略来提高对网络欺凌的抵御能力，促进更好的睡眠和锻炼。”）可知，鲍勃·巴顿主要告诉了我们改善心理健康的正确方法。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The researchers noted that they did not capture how much time the participants spent on these websites, which was a limitation of the study.”（研究人员指出，他们没有捕捉到参与者在这些网站上花费了多少时间，这是这项研究的一个局限性。）可知，这个研究的局限在于它没有监测参与者上网的时间，故可推知这个研究是有不足之处的。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Social media use has been linked to depression, especially in teenage girls. But a new study argues that the issue may be more complex than experts think.”（社交媒体的使用与抑郁有关，尤其是在十几岁的女孩中。但一项新的研究认为，这个问题可能比专家想象的要复杂得多。）可知，文章主要介绍了频繁地使用社交媒体尤其会给女孩造成心理危害。故文章最好的标题是“社交媒体的使用对女孩的影响尤其大”。故选D项。
E
Do you ever notice how stress and mental frustration can affect your physical abilities When you are worried about something at work, do you find yourself more tired at the end of the day This phenomenon is a result of the activation of a specific area of the brain when we attempt to participate in both physical tasks and mental tasks simultaneously.
Ranjana Mehta, Ph.D．, assistant professor at the Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Public Health, carried out a study examining the relationship between physical and mental tiredness and brain behavior. The study showed that if we attempt mental tasks while doing physical tasks, we activate specific areas, called the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (前额皮质), in our brain.
This can cause our bodies to become tired much sooner than if we were only participating in a physical task. The brain is just like any other biological tissue (组织), because it can be overused and can suffer from tiredness.
“Existing examinations of physical and mental tiredness have been used to study muscular and biomechanical (生物力学的) changes,” said Mehta. “The purpose of this study was to examine the influence on the PFC while we compare the changes in brain behavior with traditional measures of tiredness.”
According to Mehta, study findings show that there were lower blood oxygen levels in the PFC following combined physical and mental tiredness compared to that of just physical tiredness conditions. Through simultaneous examination of the brain and muscle function it is obvious that when we participant in highly cognitive tasks, brain resources are divided which may speed up the development of physical tiredness.
It is critical that researchers consider the brain as well as the body when examining tiredness development and its influence on the body. This can provide us with a total understanding of what is happening to the body when we perform our daily activities. “Not a lot of people see the value in looking at both the brain and the body together,” said Mehta. “However, no one does purely physical or mental work; they always do both.”
16．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Influence of stress and mental frustration on tiredness development.
B．Influence of stress and mental frustration on mental abilities.
C．Influence of mental work on tiredness development.
D．Influence of physical work on mental abilities.
17．What does the underlined word “simultaneously” in the first paragraph probably mean
A．At the same time. B．One by one. C．Step by step. D．Over and over again.
18．It can be inferred that Ranjana Mehta's study has little to do with________.
A．tiredness in the body B．brain behavior
C．mental tiredness D．mental diseases
19．The brain is not an exception in the body when it________.
A．is used to complete a specific task
B．suffers from tiredness caused by overuse
C．becomes tired much sooner
D．is examined from a physical view
20．According to Mehta, one of the study's aims was to find________.
A．how the combination of physical and mental tasks affects the PFC
B．the differences between brain behavior and traditional measures
C．why changes in brain behavior influence the PFC
D．muscular and biomechanical changes
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家研究发现，我们在有压力和精神挫折时工作，会让我们感觉身体更加地疲惫。
16．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Do you ever notice how stress and mental frustration can affect your physical abilities When you are worried about something at work, do you find yourself more tired at the end of the day (你有没有注意到压力和精神挫折会如何影响你的身体能力？当你为工作中的某件事感到担忧时，你会发现自己在一天结束时更累吗？)”可知，当你心理上有压力时，你的身体会感到更疲惫。由此可知，本段主要讲述的是心理任务对疲惫产生的影响。故选C。
17．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“This phenomenon is a result of the activation of a specific area of the brain when we attempt to participate in both physical tasks and mental tasks simultaneously.(这种现象是当我们试图同simultaneously参与身体任务和心理任务时，大脑某一个特定区域被激活的结果)”及第二段“The study showed that if we attempt mental tasks while doing physical tasks, we activate specific areas, called the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (前额皮质), in our brain.(研究表明，如果我们在做身体任务的同时尝试心理任务，我们会激活大脑中被称为前额皮质（PFC）的特定区域)”可知，划线部分的意思为“同时身体任务和心理任务”。由此推知，划线词simultaneously与A项的“at the same time” 意思相近。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Ranjana Mehta, Ph.D., assistant professor at the Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Public Health, carried out a study examining the relationship between physical and mental tiredness and brain behavior.(德克萨斯A&M健康中心公共卫生学院的助理教授Ranjana Mehta进行了一项研究，研究了身心疲惫与大脑行为之间的关系)”可推知，Ranjana Mehta的研究与大脑疾病没有关系。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The brain is just like any other biological tissue (组织), because it can be overused and can suffer from tiredness.(大脑就会像任何其他生物组织一样，因为它会被过度使用，并且会感到疲惫)”可知，当大脑被过度使用的时候，从而感到疲惫时，大脑在身体中也不例外。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““Existing examinations of physical and mental tiredness have been used to study muscular and biomechanical (生物力学的) changes,” said Mehta. “The purpose of this study was to examine the influence on the PFC while we compare the changes in brain behavior with traditional measures of tiredness.”( “现有的身心疲劳检查已被用于研究肌肉和生物力学变化，”Mehta说道。“这项研究的目的是检查PFC的影响，同时我们将大脑行为的变化与传统的疲劳测量进行比较。”)”可知，在看来，现有的关于身心疲惫的检查已经用于研究肌肉和生物力学的变化，然而这项研究的目的是为了检查身心疲惫对PFC带来的影响。故选A。
二、七选五(每小题2分，共10分)
You slowly open your eyes. Ah, another beautiful morning. You think to yourself, “It’s great not to have anything to worry about”. OH NO! Today is exam day and you haven’t studied enough! ____21____ How can you deal with the mountains of stress that exams seem to create Read on to find out some useful study tips to prepare for exams:
Get into a routine
If you get started early enough before your exams, you will find you don’t need to put in any all-nighters. Find the time of the day that you study the best. Pick a couple of hours and stick to this study time. Get to know how you learn the best. ____22____
Plan ahead
Planning ahead is the best way to maximize your chances of good grades. You may have only limited time to study. ____23____ Ask your teachers to help you make a list of the most important topics to study. If you stick to a schedule, it will start to seem manageable.
Look after yourself
Fresh fruit and vegetables will give you energy and increase your ability to concentrate. Don’t stay awake all night trying to study. Wind down after study and try some relaxation exercises. Having regular exercise will keep your mind active. ____24____
Assistance and resources
Your teachers will usually be more than happy to meet with you outside of class times. Make appointments to meet with them regularly. Don’t waste their time, however. Plan what you want to discuss and have some questions written down. ____25____ Practise on past exam papers, but don’t rely only on them. There is no such thing as a short cut when it comes to exams.
A．This is the same mistake you always make.
B．How can you avoid a situation like this
C．In this case you need to make a schedule.
D．So you can make the best of your spare time.
E．It can also prevent your concentration from dropping.
F．Perhaps studying on the bed or outside is better for you.
G．You should also make use of all the other available resources.
【答案】21．B 22．F 23．C 24．E 25．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些有用的备考技巧。
21．根据上文“You think to yourself, “It’s great not to have anything to worry about”. OH NO! Today is exam day and you haven’t studied enough!(你对自己说：“没什么可担心的真好。”噢，不！今天是考试日，你还没复习够呢！)”可知，此处提出了一种紧急情况。由此可知，B. How can you avoid a situation like this (你如何避免这种情况？)能够承接上文，且与下文How can you deal with the mountains of stress that exams seem to create (你如何应对考试带来的巨大压力呢？)句式相同，符合语境。故选B。
22．根据上文“Find the time of the day that you study the best. Pick a couple of hours and stick to this study time. Get to know how you learn the best.(找到一天中你学习最好的时间。选择几个小时并坚持这个学习时间。要知道你怎样才能学得最好)”可知，此处讲述的是要找到适合自己学习的最佳时间。由此可知，F. Perhaps studying on the bed or outside is better for you.(也许在床上或户外学习对你更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
23．根据本段小标题“Plan ahead(提前计划)”及下文“Ask your teachers to help you make a list of the most important topics to study. If you stick to a schedule, it will start to seem manageable.(请你的老师帮你列出最重要的学习主题。如果你坚持一个时间表，它将开始变得容易管理)”可知，本段讲述的是要提前计划、制定自己的时间表。由此可知，C. In this case you need to make a schedule.(在这种情况下，你需要制定时间表)符合本段语境，其中schedule是关系词。故选C。
24．根据上文“Fresh fruit and vegetables will give you energy and increase your ability to concentrate. Don’t stay awake all night trying to study. Wind down after study and try some relaxation exercises. Having regular exercise will keep your mind active.(新鲜的水果和蔬菜会给你能量，提高你的注意力。不要熬夜学习。学习后放松一下，做一些放松运动。有规律的锻炼会使你头脑活跃)”可知，本段主要讲述的是提高注意力。由此可知，E. It can also prevent your concentration from dropping.(它还可以防止你的注意力下降)能够承接上文，符合语境，其中concentration是关系词。故选E。
25．根据本段小标题“Assistance and resources(协助及资源)”可知，本段讲述的是关于学习资源问题的。由此可知，G. You should also make use of all the other available resources.(你还应该利用所有其他可用的资源) 符合本段语境，其中resources是关系词。故选G。
三、完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
TikTok, a social media app dedicated to short-form videos, has emerged as a major firer of food trends—from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread and feta pasta. But another trend, the #whatieatinaday trend, is dominating TikTok, which is ____26____ 9 billion views.
Even though #whatieatinaday posts may be ____27____ to serve as healthy inspiration for others, there’s a growing feeling that these video diaries of daily eats will likely do more harm than good—especially among young girls or people with a history of disordered eating.
The ____28____ message these posts send is that if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them. Yet what someone else eats in a day doesn’t mean it’s right for you, since these “____29____” videos are not a completely accurate representation of what someone typically eats.
Often the overly stylized meals do not____30____ a nutritionally adequate diet. The posts are ____31____the illusion (幻想) of an ideal day of eating, along with an ideal body size.
Younger audiences, especially girls and young women, internalize the message that they must eat like these creators to achieve and maintain not only health, but also social ____32____. The biggest harm with this trend is that it normalizes disordered or ____33____ eating behaviors. This could prevent someone struggling with an eating disorder from ____34____ support or treatment.
Even if the #whatieatinaday posts are displaying a balanced day of eating, the ____35____ message of “eat like me, and you will look like me” is harmful because people will not necessarily achieve the same body size as the ____36____ even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.
____37____, what might be a healthy, adequate day of satisfying meals for one person may be inadequate and unsatisfying to another. Even worse, someone looking at these posts may conclude that they need to be eating half as much to ____38____.
People making these videos are overwhelmingly thin, young, able-bodied and white. There is a complete lack of body ____39____. And this encourages harmful comparisons to unrealistic body standards that are ____40____ to the vast majority of people. Therefore, those of us from marginalized communities are once again unable to see positive representations of our varying bodies, foods and cultural representation in these harmful posts.”
26．A．nearing B．longing C．ducking D．driving
27．A．emphasized B．simplified C．substituted D．intended
28．A．moral B．scientific C．potential D．unfavorable
29．A．modern B．staged C．educational D．alternative
30．A．prioritize B．commercialize C．recognize D．civilize
31．A．promoting B．representing C．spoiling D．perfecting
32．A．welfare B．equality C．desirability D．justice
33．A．individual B．instinctive C．restrictive D．changeable
34．A．attracting B．seeking C．slipping D．offering
35．A．suburban B．subtle C．subsequent D．substantial
36．A．reader B．advertiser C．campaigner D．poster
37．A．Therefore B．Finally C．Additionally D．Meanwhile
38．A．lose weight B．share interests C．assume burden D．make contributions
39．A．language B．diversity C．similarity D．dynamic
40．A．available B．predictable C．inadequate D．unattainable
【答案】
26．A 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．A 32．C 33．C 34．B 35．B 36．D 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了抖音段视频“每天吃什么”的流行和它引发的问题。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但另一个趋势——“每天吃什么”——正在主导抖音，其浏览量已接近90亿次。A. nearing 接近；B. longing 渴望；C. ducking 逃避；D. driving开车。根据“9 billion”可推知，这里说的是浏览量，观看量接近90亿。故选A项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管“每天吃什么”发布的内容可能旨在为其他人提供健康的启发，但越来越多的人认为，这些记录日常饮食的视频日记可能弊大于利，尤其是在年轻女孩或有饮食失调史的人当中。A. emphasized强调；B. simplified简化；C. substituted代替；D. intended打算，想要。根据“to serve as healthy inspiration for others”和“will likely do more harm than good”可知，为其他人提供健康的启发是最初的目的或打算，但事与愿违，结果与打算不一样。故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些发布内容传递的潜在信息是，如果你像他们一样吃东西，那么你最终会像他们一样。A. moral有道德的；B. scientific科学的；C. potential潜在的；D. unfavorable不利的。根据上文可知，“每天吃什么”发布的是记录日常饮食的视频，结合句中“message these posts send is that if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them.”可知，这些视频会让人们认为“你像他们一样吃东西，那么你最终会像他们一样”，这是这些发布内容传递的潜在信息。故选C项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，别人一天吃什么并不意味着它就适合你，因为这些“筹划的”的视频并不能完全准确地反映一个人通常吃什么。A. modern现代的；B. staged组织的，筹划的；C. educational教育的；D. alternative可选择的。结合常识和句中“not a completely accurate representation of what someone typically eats.”可知，抖音上发布视频是经过筹划的，并不能真实准确地反应真实情况。故选B项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，过于程式化的饮食并没有优先考虑营养充足的饮食。A. prioritize优先考虑；B. commercialize使商业化；C. recognize认识；D. civilize使文明。结合选项和“overly stylized (程式化) meals”可推知，过于程式化的饮食不会首先考虑营养问题。故选A项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发布内容在宣扬理想的饮食和理想的身材。A. promoting推销，促进；B. representing代表；C. spoiling损坏；D. perfecting完美，完善。根据句中“illusion (幻想) of an ideal day of eating”和“ideal body size”可推知，“每天吃什么”发布的内容是在推销它关于饮食和身材的理想概念。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更年轻的观众，尤其是女孩和年轻女性，内化了这样的信息：她们必须像这些创作者一样吃，以实现和保持健康，以及社会吸引力。A. welfare幸福；B. equality平等；C. desirability吸引力，欲求；D. justice公平。根据上文“The posts are 6 the illusion (幻想) of an ideal day of eating, along with an ideal body size.”可知，“每天吃什么”发布的内容是在推销它关于饮食和身材的理想概念，所以年青女孩会认为这样做不仅可以保持健康，还可以保持好身材，提升社会吸引力。故选C项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种趋势最大的危害是它使紊乱的或限制性的饮食行为正常化。A. individual单独的；B. instinctive本能的；C. restrictive限制(性)的；D. changeable可改变的。根据“normalizes”可知，下文所说饮食行为是非正常的，与“disordered”是同一类别，结合选项，应选择使用“restrictive”作定语，表示将限制性的饮食行为正常化。故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可以防碍患有饮食失调症的人寻求支持或治疗。A. attracting吸引；B. seeking寻找；C. slipping滑到；D. offering提供。根据“someone struggling with an eating disorder”和“support or treatment”可知，患有饮食失调症的人会寻求支持或治疗。故选B项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的发布内容展示的是均衡的饮食，但“像我一样吃，你就会像我一样”的微妙信息是有害的，因为人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，即使他们完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物。A. suburban 郊区的；B. subtle 微妙的；C. subsequent 随后的；D. substantial实质性的。根据“because people will not necessarily achieve the same body size ”可知，“每天吃什么”发布的能为人们提供健康的微妙信息是有害的。故选B项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的活动发布内容展示的是均衡的饮食，但“像我一样吃，你就会像我一样”的潜台词是有害的，因为人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，即使他们完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物。A. reader读者；B. advertiser广告商；C. campaigner活动家；D. poster海报，发帖人。根据下文“even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite”可知，这里说的拥有好身材的“每天吃什么”上的视频发布人。故选D项。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，对一个人来说，健康、充足的一日三餐对另一个人来说可能是不充分和不满足的。A. Therefore因此；B. Finally终于；C. Additionally另外；D. Meanwhile与此同时。上文讲即使完全按照其展示内容吃一天的食物，人们不一定会达到和发帖人一样的身材，下文“what might be a healthy, adequate day of satisfying meals for one person may be inadequate and unsatisfying to another.”讲到食物因人而异，适合别人的不一定适合你，上下文都是讲模仿“每天吃什么”的发布内容的不妥之处，是并列关系，用副词additionally。故选C项。
38．考查动词短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，看到这些发布内容的人可能会得出这样的结论：他们需要吃一半的量才能减肥。A. lose weight减肥；B. share interests利益共享；C. assume burden承担负担；D. make contributions做出贡献。根据句中“eating half”可推知，少吃是为了减肥。故选A项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：身体完全缺乏多样性。A. language语言；B. diversity多样性；C. similarity 相似；D. dynamic动态。根据上文“People making these videos are overwhelmingly thin, young, able-bodied and white.”可知，制作视频的人都一个标准，身体缺乏多样性。故选B项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这助长了对不切实际的身体标准进行有害的比较，这对绝大多数人来说是无法达到的。A. available可用的；B. predictable可预测的；C. inadequate不充分的；D. unachievable不可实现的。根据“unrealistic body standards”可推知，这样的身体标准是不切实际的，对大多数人来说是不可实现的。故选D项。
四、语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
“The dangerous thing about lying is people don’t understand how the act changes us,” says Dan Ariely, behavioural psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Lying is even considered ________ developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, with sophisticated planning and attention ________ (require). But, for most people, lying gets increasingly limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.
According to Ariely, lying takes work. In studies, he have subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gains while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine. Some people told the truth instantly. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal(颅腔壁的)control network, which is involved in complex thinking. It suggested that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty, and after thinking about it, ________ (choose) the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural(神经的)reward centers were _______ (active) when they won money were less likely to be among the group of liars, and the opposite was seen among those so-called habitual liars, suggesting that lying ________ have to do with the inability to resist temptation.
External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we think others are watching. “We _______ a society need to understand that, when we don’t punish lying, we increase the probability of ________ happening again, influencing all of us,” Ariely said.
In a 2016 study, Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people’s brains, making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people told a lie, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala, a crucial part of the brain that produces fear and guilt. But when scientists had their subjects _______ (play) a game in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. “Not only that,” said Ariely in an interview with National Science Channel, “ ___ ___ people tended to lie more when they faced no consequences for dishonesty. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies, ________ get bigger over time.”
【答案】
1．a 2．required 3．chose 4．less active 5．may 或might 6．as 7．It或that 8．play 9．but 10．which
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于撒谎的研究，影响撒谎的因素以及撒谎的影响。
1．考查冠词。句意：说谎甚至被认为是一个发展里程碑，比如爬行和行走，需要复杂的计划和注意力。根据句意可知，说谎被认为是一个发展里程碑，所以空处为泛指，表示“一个里程碑”，空后为辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：说谎甚至被认为是一个发展里程碑，比如爬行和行走，需要复杂的计划和注意力。本题考查with的复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，在句中作状语。空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语，和宾语之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填required。
3．考查时态。句意：这表明他们正在决定真相和不诚实，经过思考后，选择了后者。根据and可知，空处为从句的并列谓语动词。句子为一般过去时态。故填chose。
4．考查形容词的比较级。句意：他发现，当他们赢得钱时，神经奖励中心不太活跃的人不太可能成为骗子，而那些所谓的习惯性骗子则相反，这表明说谎可能与无法抵抗诱惑有关。分析句子结构可知，that从句为主系表结构，空处为形容词作表语。根据句意可知，他发现当他们赢得钱时，神经奖励中心不太活跃的人不太可能成为骗子，所以空处表示“比较不活跃的”，less+形容词表示“比较不...”。故填less active。
5．考查情态动词。句意：他发现，当他们赢得钱时，神经奖励中心不太活跃的人不太可能成为骗子，而那些所谓的习惯性骗子则相反，这表明说谎可能与无法抵抗诱惑有关。根据句意可知，他发现说谎可能与无法抵抗诱惑有关，所以空处需要情态动词表示一种推测，may或might意为“或许，可能”，两者都可以表示推测。故填may/might。
6．考查介词。句意：作为一个社会，我们需要明白，当我们不惩罚说谎时，我们会增加说谎再次发生的可能性，影响我们所有人。根据句意可知，作为一个社会，所以用介词as，意为“作为”。故填as。
7．考查代词。句意：作为一个社会，我们需要明白，当我们不惩罚说谎时，我们会增加说谎再次发生的可能性，影响我们所有人。空处指代前文中的 lying，可以用it；也可用that，指代前文中出现的同类但不是同一个事物。故填it/that。
8．考查固定搭配。句意：但当科学家让他们的受试者玩一个游戏，通过欺骗伴侣来赢得金钱时，他们注意到来自杏仁核的负面信号开始减少。have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填play。
9．考查连词。句意：但当人们面对不诚实的后果时，他们往往会撒谎更多。根据句意可知，但当人们面对不诚实的后果是，他们更容易撒谎。前后为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。
0．考查定语从句。句意：这意味着，如果你给人们多次机会为自己的利益撒谎，他们会从小谎言开始，随着时间的推移，谎言会越来越大。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词little lies。先行词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
五、书面表达（共15分）
51．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假定你是李华，你在香港读大学的朋友Terry最近想找份兼职，为暑假旅游筹集旅费。他对以下三份工作都有兴趣，难以抉择，因此发邮件征求你的意见。给Terry回复一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：
1) 推荐其中一份兼职；
2) 通过比较，说明你推荐该份兼职的理由。
服装销售助理Fashion sales assistant ●时薪80元 ●工作时间：周六、周日(12：00—22：00) ●主要职责：主要处理客人查询及投诉
语言教师Language teacher ●时薪150元 ●工作时间：周二、周四(19：00—21：00)周六(14：00—16：00) ●主要职责：主要辅导本地小学生学习英语
字幕翻译Subtitle translator ●时薪200元 ●工作时间：无固定时间 ●主要职责：电影或电视节目的字幕翻译
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Terry,
How delighted I am to have heard from you and I can identify with how hard you feel when facing the choices of part-time jobs to raise travel expenses for your summer vacation.
Comparing the three part-time jobs, I think the best choice is the second job as a language teacher to tutor local primary school students in learning English. First of all, the length of working time is not too long and you can make full use of your evening time. Though it can take up your two hours on Saturday, you can still have a full Sunday. What’s more, the hourly salary is relatively good and you can earn 900 yuan per week. Most importantly, through the teaching process and the interaction with the local pupils, this is a good chance for you to get the knowledge of local culture and customs, which is of great benefit to your study and your overall quality throughout the whole college life.
In summary, to be a language teacher is the best of all. I hope my opinion is useful to you.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Terry回复一封邮件，推荐其中一份兼职并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
占据：take up → occupy
充分利用：make full use of → make the most of
机会：chance → opportunity
总之：In summary → All in all
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：How delighted I am to have heard from you and I can identify with how hard you feel when facing the choices of part-time jobs to raise travel expenses for your summer vacation.
拓展句：How delighted I am to have heard from you and I can identify with how hard you feel when you are facing the choices of part-time jobs to raise travel expenses for your summer vacation.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Comparing the three part-time jobs, I think the best choice is the second job as a language teacher to tutor local primary school students in learning English. (运用了现在分词短语作状语和省略that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Most importantly, through the teaching process and the interaction with the locals pupils, this is a good chance for you to get the knowledge of local culture and customs, which is of great benefit to your study and your overall quality throughout the whole college life. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
六、读后续写(共25分)
52．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I often go climbing with my friend Mel Olsen, whom I'd met in a Face-book group. Two years ago, on December 30, when I was 16, she and I drove to Oregon to tackle 11, 240-foot Mount Hood. My parents were happy I'd finally found a hobby.
It's safer to start winter climbs at night when there's less risk of the sun melting the snowpack. That day, we started at 3 a. m, following the paths alongside the ski runs. The temperature was about14 degrees. Along the way, we met two other climbers, and the four of us continued on together.
After about five hours, we reached Devil's Kitchen, a plateau at about 10, 000 feet, just before the final push to the top. By this point, the wind was violent. My exposed skin felt as though it were burning. The other climbers decided to turn back, but Mel and I went ahead. We had ice axes, helmets, and crampons (冰爪). We were prepared for the climb.
The trail we followed grew narrower and steeper. Suddenly, I heard a crack, and a whole block of ice broke off the ice step, right under my foot.
In an instant, I fell backward. I could hear Mel calling my name as I rolled down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game. I stuck out my arms and legs, grabbing at anything. My clothes were torn into pieces, my helmet was broken, and my face was bloodied from cuts and scratches. Then I took a survey of my body to see where I was hurt, starting with my head, then my neck and arms. For the most part, I was fine, except that I was suffering from a sharp pain in my left leg.
As Mel made her way down, I shouted for help, and other climbers came to assist me. A couple of them were trained EMTs. They fixed my leg and called Portland Mountain Rescue. Mel stayed by my side while I tried not to cry from the pain.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I'd been lying on the ice shaking and aching for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The fall on a mountain can change everything.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I’d been lying on the ice shaking and aching for four hours by the time the rescuers reached me. They gave me first aid quickly and pulled me down the mountain. I screamed with each move, but still I had a pretty high pain tolerance. Step by step, with my teeth clenched ,we finally arrived at the bottom of Mount Hood where I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital. I stayed therefor four days. The doctors told me it would be a year before I could climb again, but I was determined to go back climbing as soon as I could.
The fall on a mountain can change everything. But the experience also made me grow as a person. There was a lot of media attention following the accident. Some said I should go back to India. I think handling all that at such a young age helped me grow up.Since the accident, I’ve climbed another 60 mountains. I’m not going to let one fall and its aftereffect keep me from doing my favorite thing in the world. I loved the challenge of conquering something bigger than myself. (168w)
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和好友梅尔·奥尔森爬山时突发意外，严重受伤，康复后仍坚持爬山的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“救援人员赶到我身边时，我已经躺在冰上发抖疼痛了四个小时。”可知，第一段可描写作者最终获救并入院接受治疗。
②由第二段首句内容“从山上摔下来会改变一切。”可知，第二段可描写这次意外事故引起的关注、作者坚持爬山以及感悟。
2.续写线索：最终获救——入院接受治疗——媒体关注——坚持爬山——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类①尖叫、大喊：scream/shout②.到达：arrive at /get to③.回到：go back to/return to
情绪类①.咬紧牙关（克服困难）：with my teeth clenched / set my teeth②.热爱：love/ be keen on
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Step by step, with my teeth clenched ,we finally arrived at the bottom of Mount Hood where I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital.（运用了with的复合结构以及where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]. I think handling all that at such a young age helped me grow up.（运用了动名词作主语）
