2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读七选五课件(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
2023届二轮复习专题
阅读七选五
解题技法
考题趋势
真题演练
阅读七选五
内容索引
题型分析
考题导入
1
3
5
4
pattern
color
2
A
C
E
D
B
Work out the puzzle
Gap-filling is a more complex puzzle.
考题导入
考题趋势
卷名 年份 语篇类型 主题 标题 设空位置
主题语境 主题语境内容 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 2020 说明文 人与自我 公开演讲 无 段首1题；段中3题；段尾1题
全国 Ⅰ卷 2020 说明文 人与自我 自我接纳 有 段首1题；段中3题；段尾1题
2019 说明文 人与自然 新鲜空气对健康的益处 有 段首2题；段中3题
2018 说明文 人与自我 家居设计 无 段首1题；段中3题；段尾1题
全国 Ⅱ卷 2020 说明文 人与社会 表情符号 有 段首1题；段中4题
2019 说明文 人与自我 激发动力的方法 无 段首1题；段中4题
2018 说明文 人与自我 锻炼健身 无 段首2题；段中2题；段尾1题
全国 Ⅲ卷 2020 说明文 人与社会 乔迁聚会 无 段首2题；段中2题；段尾1题
2019 说明文 人与社会 建立健康有益的互动交流 无 段首1题；段中3题；段尾1题
2018 说明文 人与社会 跳舞 无 段首2题；段中2题；段尾1题
由上表分析可知，全国卷阅读七选五的选材大部分是贴近考生生活或考生感兴趣的300字左右的说明文，偶尔出现记叙文。说明文文体的文章结构严谨、层次分明、条理清晰、逻辑严密。文中常有ways，methods，skills，techniques，suggestions，tips，steps，how等词。主题语境涵盖人与自我、人与社会和人与自然。设空位置有段首、段中和短尾, 考查学生的逻辑思维能力。
题型分析
读全文
看位置
找联系
思逻辑
析选项
速读全文
了解大意
看题目位于段首段中还是段尾
找题目前后在词汇、意义上的联系
思考题目前后在行文上的逻辑关系
分析选项的特征、预测选项在文中的位置
段首题
主旨句
过渡句
常以段落小标题或主题句形式出现
此空的答案能够将上段和本段的内容连贯起来
段尾题
总结句
过渡句
用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性词语
此空的答案能够将本段和下段的内容连贯起来
段中题
并列或递进关系
转折或让步关系
因果关系
解释或例证关系
信号词为first,second,third,等或also,further,similarly等
信号词为however,neverthless,still,though
信号词为as a result,thus等
某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子
段首段尾易判定弄清作用答案明
句间关系迷人眼，剩余选项再判断
解题技法
1.依据设空位置
(1)设空处在段首 (2)设空处在段中 (3)设空处在段尾
2.依据词汇线索
(1)词汇复现 (2)代词线索
3.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系
(1)总分关系 (2)解释关系 (3)例证关系
(4)并列关系 (5)转折关系 (6)对比关系
(7)因果关系
解题技法
1.依据设空位置
句子在文中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同,充分利用设空位置的暗示作用,结合语篇逻辑是解决“七选五”的有效途径。
(1)设空处在段首
在每段的第一句设空的内容通常是该段的主旨句,解题时需要认真研读该段内容,然后从选项中查找与下文相关的内容,从而确定答案。
解题技法
例1 (2019课标全国Ⅲ节选)
　37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about
the course design,read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
E.Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners.
F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G.Ask questions,but make sure they are good,thoughtful questions.
解题技法
解析　设空处为段落主题句。空后说与主题内容相关的问题通常会受欢迎。在询问有关课程设
计的问题之前,阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息,以确保答案不会隐藏在眼皮底下。由此可推知
选G项“问问题,但要确保它们是好的、深思熟虑的问题”。
（2）设空处在段中
要注意分析设空处前后的逻辑关系。设空处除了可能是承上启下的过渡句外,也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明的句子。因此,首先需要依据信息词将部分选项排除,然后把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处,最终确定哪个选项和设空处前后内容语义连贯、逻辑关系清晰,从而得出正确答案。
解题技法
例2 (2019课标全国Ⅲ节选)
Participate in discussion forums (论坛),blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.　38 Be
sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point,and make it safe for others to do the same.
A.That's what they are for.
B.Turn to an online instructor for help.
C.If more information is needed,they will ask.
D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
解题技法
解析　本题为段中题。设空处前为祈使句,建议参与论坛、博客等的讨论,设空后为祈使句,是针
对讨论提出的具体要求。所以,本段的信息词为forums和blogs,B、D两项应排除。再由设空处前
面的句子“Participate in discussion forums,blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.”中的
信息可知,A项中的That指代dialogue, they指代discussion forums, blogs and other open-ended fo-
rums。该项补充说明前文,而C项放在此处,语义不连贯
(3)设空处在段尾
段尾句多为承上启下的过渡句或总结、概括句。解题时,可从这个角度去思考:该空是归纳本段主旨还是引出下一段的内容 如果在选项中找不出与前文关联的内容,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否体现出了衔接。认真阅读下一段的开头几句,看是否能与选项紧密连接起来。
解题技法
例3 (2017课标全国Ⅰ节选)
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.　36
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer...
B.Things are going to be improved.
C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
解题技法
解析　本题为段尾题。设空处前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”,设空处后一段讲述了作者的
一次野营,前后之间存在转折关系,所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句,故选D项。
2.依据词汇线索
(1)词汇复现
词汇复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现。英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语往往是第二句的主语,或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句子中关键词(常为名词、动词、形容词)的同义词、近义词或反义词(组)复现的方式来实现。解题时可以利用这些词作为线索。
解题技法
例4 (2018课标全国Ⅱ节选)
Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start.　38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not
in your sleep.
E.You can keep your head clear for 4—10 hours after exercise.
F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up!
解题技法
解析　本题可利用词汇复现法解题。F项中的“continue to burn calories throughout the day(整整一天持续燃烧卡路里)”与设空处后句中的“will be getting the calorie burning benefits for the whole day(整整一天都有卡路里燃烧的益处)”意义一致,其中calorie(卡路里)属于原词复现,throughout the day与原文中的for the whole day意义相同,属于同义词复现。
(2)代词线索
代词主要是为避免重复,用于指代前面提到的人或物,有时也用于指代前面提到的概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。
例5 (2019课标全国Ⅰ节选)
Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.　39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.
B.So what are you waiting for
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
解题技法
解析　本题可利用代词线索法解题。空前介绍了看绿色植物对病人的康复有益,空后一句说“它
给我们一种非常好的内心平和的感觉”。由此可推断出空后的It应该指“置身于大自然”,故C
项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发”符合语境。
3.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系
文章由段落组成,层次分明,错落有致,围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系。阅读补全解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系,并据此选出正确答案。
(1)总分关系
“总分结构”中的“总”是文章内容的总体概括,出现在文章的开头或结尾;“分”是文章内容的具体展开,它实际上是文章的主体部分。 一篇文章在总体布局上,可以先总后分,也可以先分后总,还可以先总后分再总。
解题技法
例6 (2018课标全国Ⅰ节选)
...But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
　38 . They're the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of
us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less
expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
A.While all of them are useful
B.Whatever you're looking for
C.If you're experimenting with a color
D.Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
解题技法
解析　根据第一段末尾指出的需要作出的三种决定,即“the small ones, the medium ones, and the
large ones”、第一段和后面三段形成总分的关系，三、四段分别介绍了后两种决定,故38题所在段落应介绍第一种决定。所以38题应该与the small ones有关。故D项符合段落主题。
(2)解释关系
从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常有解释关系,往往作者提出观点,紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。因此,把握文章结构,理清作者表达的意思至关重要。
例7 (2018课标全国Ⅱ节选)
　39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who
exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peacef-ul sleep when you are very excited.
A.You will stick to your diet.
B.Your quality of sleep improves.
C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.
解题技法
解析　此处缺少一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。所选答
案应是对后面内容的总述。故B项符合本段主旨,意为“(如果早上锻炼)你的睡眠质量会有所提
高”。
（3）例证关系
例证关系即某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有:for example, for instance,等。
例8 (2017北京节选)
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.　74 The synapses in the mice taken
at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E.That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,”says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G.Tononi's team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.
解题技法
解析　该段首句说“现在我们还有最直接的证据证明他是对的”,那接下来应该具体描述该证
据。此外,该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来,只有G项符合语境,指出了研究团
队、实验对象及实验内容。
(4)并列关系
表示并列关系的标志词语有:and;first(ly);second(ly);then/next; to begin with; for one thing, for another thing; finally/last等。
例9 (2017北京节选)
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month.　71
A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B.It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C.Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
解题技法
解析　首句指出“每种动物都要睡觉,但其原因仍然是个谜”。接下来是具体例子,当不允许实验
室的老鼠睡觉时,它们在一个月内就会死亡。C项“同样,如果人类连续几天不睡觉,就会生病”与
前句是并列关系。
(5)转折关系
表示转折的词暗示前后说的是同一件事。表示转折关系的标志词语有: but, however, yet, while/
though/although, or/otherwise, instead, nevertheless(然而), still等。
例10 (2019课标全国Ⅰ节选)
　40 While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial vitamin D.To make sure you get enough vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of vitamin D.
A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B.So what are you waiting for
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
解题技法
解析　空后一句说,虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害,但也能给我们带来有益的维生素D,
因为while为转折词,暗示了前后文说的是同一事物,因此D项“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是
阳光”符合语境,D项中的sunlight与空后的the sun's rays相呼应。
（6）对比关系
表示对比的词暗示设空处与其后有相反的意义。表示对比关系的标志词语有:while,
if not, some..others等。
例11 (2017课标全国Ⅲ节选)
Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down
how you feel. After you've tried a new method for a week, take a look at your
record.　40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
E.If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
解题技法
解析　本段谈到对自己所做的努力要记录、评价和调整。本空后的“If not”说明设空处与其后
为对比关系,此处是说方法有效就应该坚持,其后是说如果无效,就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。
因此选E。
解题技法
(7)因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词语有:so, therefore, thus, consequently(因此), as a result (of)等。
例12 (2018课标全国Ⅰ节选)
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors.Whether you're
looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.　40 .
D.Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E.It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
解析　根据空前的“the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知,大型物品
的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很多,这恰与F项构成因果关系。
(2016·全国Ⅱ)
__2__ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
真题演练
　解析：段首题，考查段落主题句。根据后面的there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden可知，这一部分主要说明的是首先要弄清楚从事园艺的原因。故A项与之相符。]
(2020·全国Ⅰ·片段)　
· 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs Know that your life is your own；you are the only you in this world.
A.Feeling upset again
B.Where do you start
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember，you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start
真题演练
解析：根据此题所在的位置可知，此处是一个小标题。根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己与别人做比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。选项F “别再拿自己与别人做比较”与之对应。
A.(2020·全国Ⅰ·片段)　A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it...to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
A.Feeling upset again
B.Where do you start
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember，you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start
真题演练
解析：段中题，文章标题A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance及空格前的“接受和爱自己似乎很难”，空格后的“这里有一些建议可以让你朝正确的方向发展”，均暗示空格处表示“该如何开始”，选项B“你从哪里开始呢？”与之对应。
(2020·全国Ⅰ·片段)　
·Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job，earned your degree，and you got out of bed today. 39
A.Feeling upset again
B.Where do you start
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember，you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start
真题演练
解析：段尾题，本段的主题是“认可自己的优点”。根据空格前的“你有了一份工作，拿到了文凭，而且今天起床了”可知，任何小事都是值得认可的，故选项C“没有什么小事是不值得庆祝的”符合语境。
(2020·全国Ⅱ·片段)　Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia，messaging platforms are growing rapidly，with users in the hundreds of millions，both at work and play. 36 .It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
A.Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
真题演练
解析：词汇复现，根据空前一句可知，信息平台在亚洲增长很快，而空后提到据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号，故可判断选项D“这些平台的普及正蔓延至全球”承上启下。空前一句中的platforms和选项D中的platforms相呼应，空前一句中的In Asia和空后一句中的in some western countries与globally相呼应。
(2020·全国Ⅲ·片段)　
38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.
A.This isn’t usual though.
B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D.If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts，keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
真题演练
解析：根据代词和因果关系推测，空格后的This是关键信息词。由since后的内容可知，在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多，由此可判断This是指带食物去参加聚会，故选C项“你也可以带食物或饮料与其他客人分享”。
(2020·广东佛山质检)
Also，those who take a cold shower in the morning are more likely to be more energetic than people who take a hot shower. 2 This，in turn，increases your oxygen intake and heart rate，leading to improved awareness and a more energetic state.
A.So，what are you waiting for
B.Do you believe in these benefits of cold showers
C.That act increases the overall blood circulation in your body.
D.Lots of white blood cells will soon disappear from your body after that.
E.This results in the body producing more white blood cells as it thinks it’s under attack.
F.A less obvious benefit of cold showers may be discovered when you look in the mirror.
G.The sudden touch of cold water will surprise the body，leaving you taking a deep breath.
真题演练
解析：因果关系，上句介绍早上洗冷水澡的人比洗热水澡的人更有活力，下文应该分析其原因，G项“冷水的突然接触会让你的身体感到惊讶，让你深吸一口气”解释了让人精力充沛的原因，故选G。
(2020·安徽池州质检)
Know what makes successful people successful.Successful people have willpower，confidence and optimism.A successful person will never give up easily.Take Walt Disney for example.At first，nobody liked his ideas，but he believed in himself and continued working on them. 8 If you really want to do something，it doesn’t matter what others say.Keep on working at it，and you will get what you want in the end.
A.Everything in life has its price.
B.Finally things went well!
C.But they worked their way up.
D.Now you are on your way.
E.Figure out what you want to do.
F.Gather all the information you can.
G.Never believe in anybody else!
真题演练
解析：由上文语境可知，空后举例子是为了证明“成功的人从来都不会轻言放弃”，空前说“一开始，没有人喜欢他的想法，但是他相信自己并且继续设法说服他们”，故可知选项B“最后一切都进展顺利”切题。故选B。
Homework
1,Review the strategies we learned today.
2,Finish the attached exercises by using the strategies we have learned.