课件24张PPT。第一学时 Reading and Comprehension1．Do you have anything in your home that was passed down from generation to generation? What are they and what was it made of?Yes. There are some old furniture which was made of wood like tables, chairs and a stone mill which was passed down by my ancestors.2. Do you know anything about Peking Man ?It was discovered in Zhoukoudian, Longgu Mountain, Fangshan District, Beijing. It was listed as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987. In the 1920s archaeologist discovered a complete skull of an ape-man dating back 600,000 years. It was later named Peking Man. Stone tools and evidence of Peking Man’s use of fire were found on the mountain.Task 1快速阅读课文A visit to the ZhouKoudian caves，以约30词写出文章的段落大意。
温馨提示：本文是记叙文， 写摘要时，要紧扣人物、事件、结果等要素。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A group of students from England came to visit the Zhoukoudian caves, from where they knew that the early people were clever enough to make fire, clothes, necklace and there were even trade between them.Task 2仔细阅读课文 A visit to The ZhouKoudian caves, 选择正确答案。
1．Archaeologist guess there were people living in the Zhoukoudian caves because________. ( )
A．they have found the bones of tigers and bears there
B．they have discovered a needle in the cave
C．they have found human and animals bones in those caves high up the hill as well as tools and ornaments
D．They have found the primitive necklaceC2．The fireplaces in the center of the cave suggests that________. ( )
A．Peking Man knew how to make fire to keep them warm, cook food and scare animals away, too
B．Peking Man knew how to make fire
C．Peking Man was very clever
D．Peking Man used something to make fireA3．The needle found in the cave indicates that Peking Man________. ( )
A．was able to make tool at that time
B．was able to repair things
C．was able to make clothes using animals’ skins
D．All are correct
4．The primitive necklace suggests that_____. ( )
A．early people exchanged things with one another
B．early people were clever enough to exchange things
C．there was trade between peoples
D．early people always traded their things with othersDC5．The main idea of the whole passage is ________. ( )
A．an archaeologist showed some objects to the students from France
B．an archaeologist showed some students around the Zhoukoudian Caves
C．evidence of some of the earliest people living in the cave
D．trade between early peoplesBTask 3再次阅读课文，完成下列表格。1．rocks and trees 2.animal skins 3.needles 4.stones
5．seashells.Task 4根据课文A visit to the ZhouKoudian Caves在下文空格中填上恰当的词语，使文章连贯完整。
A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian Caves for a visit. An archaeologist ____1____(show) them around. The archaeologists have been excavating here for many years.____2____finding human and animal bones ____3____those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and ornaments, they think it reasonable____4____ (assume) they lived in these caves, ____5____the cold. They discovered fireplaces in the center of the caves ____6____they constructed fires. Some evidence suggests that ____7____ ancestors did wear clothes ____8____(make) from animal skins. The archaeologist also shows the students a primitive necklace ____9____ quite well. Indeed, as the botanical analysis has been specially showing us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Perhaps ____10____ was trade between early peoples or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.1. is showing 2. After 3. in 4. to assume
5. despite 6. where 7. our 8. made 9. preserved
10. there 一、请将课文A visit to ZhouKoudian caves译成汉语，然后参考“译文助读”自主勘误。
译文助读
周口店洞穴参观记
一群英国学生(学)来到周口店洞穴参观，有一位考古学家(考)正领着他们参观。
考：欢迎到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且……学1：对不起，打断了你的讲话。请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？这儿只有石头和树木啊。
考：问得好。你是个敏锐的观察者。在高山上的那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品。因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢？他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。
考：我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。学3：在那以前有些什么野兽呢？
考：嗯，我们在洞里陆续发现了老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为，这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告诉我有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢？(指着一张画有针线的照片让大家看)
学2：哎呀，那是一根针！天哪，难道他们还会修补东西吗？
考：除此之外，你认为还可能派别的什么用场吗？
学4：让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长，看起来像是用骨头做的。我不知道他们是怎样做成针眼的。
学2：(插话)你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿？他们又是从哪里搞到衣料的呢？考：他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你能猜出他们用的是什么吗？
学1：哇，他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗？他们那些衣服是怎么做成的？兽皮剪裁并缝起来一定又厚又重啊。
考：我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。我们不断发现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看样子他们用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮，可能再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后他们可能在兽皮上擦上大量的盐，使皮变柔软。最后进行剪裁，缝起来就成了。确实是既难又脏的活！现在来看看这个吧。(指着一串项链)学2：哎呀！这是一条原始的项链吧。早期人类也像我们现在一样讲究外貌吗？太漂亮了！
考：是的，还保存得很好呢。你们看看是用什么做的？
学4：我看看。我想有的珠子是用兽骨做的，但是其他是用贝壳做的，对吗？
考：你真聪明！有块骨头实际上是野兽的牙齿，贝壳是从海边捡来的。你还认得别的骨头吗？
学1：这根很像鱼骨头，对吗？考：很对。植物学分析结果明确告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。当时可能湖里是有鱼的。
学3：不过，湖并不是海呀。我们离海还远着呢。那么，贝壳又是怎么来的呢？
考：早期人类之间也许有贸易来往，或者他们也可能旅行到海边去。我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕杀野兽来充饥。这就是他们被称之为猎人和采摘者的缘故。好了，咱们现在去参观洞穴好吗？二、请将下列词语译成英语，然后参考Unit 5的词汇表自主勘误。
1．打断讲话， 打岔 v. ________
2．假定， 设想v. ________
3．逮捕， 吸引v. ________
4．原始的，远古的adj. ________1. interrupt 2. assume 3. arrest 4. primitive5．精确， 准确 n. ________
6．鼓掌欢迎，赞赏v. ________
7．追溯到 ________
8．受够了， 饱受 ________
9．不管， 不顾 ________
10．向前看， 为将来打算 ________5. accuracy 6. applaud 7. date back
8. fed up with 9. regardless of 10. look ahead三、佳句背诵
1. 想必你们知道，正是在这儿我们找到了居住在世界这个部分的最早人类的证据。
You must________ that it’s here ________ we’ve found evidence of some of the earliest people ________ lived in this part of the world.
2. 他们用这火取暖、做饭，还能用火吓跑野兽。
That would have kept them warm, ________ the food and scared wild beasts away ________.
3. 看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割兽皮并剥皮。
____________ they might have used the ________ stone tools to________ animals and remove their skin. cut upbe awarethatwhocookedas wellIt seemed thatsharpened感谢您的使用，退出请按ESC键本小节结束课件33张PPT。第三学时 Using Language
Reading，listening and speakingTask 1快速阅读课文The feast：18,000BC，以约30词写出文章的段落大意。
温馨提示：本文是记叙文， 写摘要时，要紧扣人物、事件、结果等要素。
_________________________________________________________________________________________The text tells us something about a feast 18,000 years B．C, showing us at that time men’s jobs were hunting, fishing and making tools while women usually cooked, cared for children and made clothes.Task 2仔细阅读The feast：18,000BC (P.43)，根据课文内容选择正确答案。
1．Lala had collected some nuts and fruit for______. ( )
A. her husband B. her sister
C. a feast D. her familyC2. At that time, people made it a rule to______.( )
A. separate and then gather together again as they followed the animal herds across the grassland
B. choose someone as his future wife or her future husband
C. invite their friends and neighbours to have a dinner with them
D. to live in the cave to prevent themselves from being attacked by wild animalsA3. The underlined word in the sentence “Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the cave fearing that there might be wild animals.” means“________.” ( )
A. stopped B. slowed down
C. sped up D. hesitated
4. From the passage we can infer that man living in the 18,000BC always________. ( )
A. made and repaired tools, fished and hunted animals
B. cut down trees
C. choose women as their wives
D. brought fish home for dinnerCA5．Which of the following can be used to describe Lala ? ( )
A. Impatient
B. Caring, patient, skillful, affectionate and cooperative
C. Dangerous
D. UnskillfulBPart A Role Play情景介绍：Lucy和Anna看了一部有关远古人类家宴的电影， 她们在谈论这部影片的内容。
角色：Lucy and Anna
任务： (1) 请根据中文提示提出问题。
(2) 请你的同学根据课文内容回答你的提问，然后你们互换角色进行口语练习。
Q1: 拉拉往回走时担心什么
________________________________________________________________________Q2: 那时的家族成员之间有什么习俗？
_____________________________________
Q3：在去年，她和大胡之间发生了什么？ 她自豪吗？
____________________________________
Q4: 她为什么加快了回家的脚步？
____________________________________
Q5: 她看到谁在帮忙准备家宴？
____________________________________
Q6：大胡带回了什么东西？
___________________________________Part A Role Play
Q1：What was Lala worried about when she was turning for home?
A1：She was worried about the preparations for a feast.
Q2：What was the custom of family groups?
A2：It was a custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across the grassland.
Q3：What happened to her and Dahu last year? Was she proud?
A3：Last year Dahu chose Lala as the future mother of his children and Lala felt very proud of it.Q4：Why did she accelerate her walk up the path to the cave?
A4：Fearing there might be wild animals, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the cave.
Q5：Whom did she see helping with the feast?
A5：Lala saw her mother and her aunts helping them with the feast.
Q6：What did Dafu carry back home?
A6：Dahu came back with some fish.Part B Retelling请用自己的话复述课文， 你可以参考上述问题及答案。
关键词： worry custom reunion prepare choose proud
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part B Retelling?
Lala was worried about the preparations for a feast when she was turning for home, for it was a custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across the grassland. Last year Dahu chose Lala as the future mother of his children and Lala felt very proud of it. Fearing there might be wild animals, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the cave. A delicious smell arrested her progress when she almost reached her destination, and Lala could see her mother and her aunts helping them with the feast. Later, Dahu came back with some fish. 1. If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year.(P.43)
她要是早有预见、计划就好了！词语链接look ahead 计划未来
look after 照顾，照看
look for 寻找
look forward to盼望，期待
look into调查
look like看起来好像
look through 翻阅，浏览
look up查阅，检查即学即练选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)________， we must consider all the equipment in the company.
(2)The Spring Festival is coming. All the children in the village ________it when they can play fireworks.
(3)You needn’t worry about the little boy, for he ________in the kindergarten well by the nurses.
(4)Many people enjoy ________the windows when they are on the bus.(1) To look ahead (2) are looking forward to
(3) is being looked after (4)looking through(5)While coming across some unknown words, you may ________them ________in the dictionary.
(6)He has promised ________the matter and try his best to find out the truth.
(7) Considering its shape, it _____a round basketball.
(8)The young men are still in the forest____________ the rare plants.(5) look, up (6) to look into (7)looks like
(8)looking for词语链接2．She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.(P.43)
当族人为他的选择欢呼鼓掌时，拉拉感到很自豪。applause n. 掌声
applaud v. 鼓掌；称赞；赞成完成下列句子。
(1) __________________(热烈的掌声) showed that he had made an inspiring speech.
(2)________(大家都鼓起掌来) when the play acted by Class Twenty ended.
(3)When I told my father about my decision, he ________(赞同) it for me.即学即练(1) The loud applause
(2) Everyone applauded (3) applauded词语链接3．She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. (P.43)
快到目的地时，一阵香气扑鼻而来， 她不往前走了，停了下来。arrest v．& n. 逮捕，拘留； 吸引；
停止，阻止
arresting adj. 引人注意的，醒目的，
给人印象深刻的be under arrest 被捕
place sb. under arrest 逮捕某人
arrest sb. for sth. 因某事而逮捕某人
false arrest 非法拘留即学即练完成下列句子。
(1) After two hours，the police ______(逮捕了凶手).
(2)The moment I entered the house，a picture on the wall immediately ________(引起了我的注意)．
(3) The police ________(逮捕了几个人) the day before yesterday.
(4)We found her new dress ________ (引人注意) and some even wanted to buy the same.(1) arrested the murderer (2) arrested my attention
(3) made several arrests/arrested several persons
(4) arresting词语链接4．Lala smiled with relief.(P.43)
拉拉宽慰地笑了。relief n. (痛苦或忧虑)减轻或解除， 救济品，
减轻痛苦的事物
with relief 宽慰地即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)The doctor told him the medicine would ________(减轻他的一些痛苦)．
(2)The government immediately sent ________(救济品) to the people in the disaster area.
(3)It is really________(宽慰) to find you two here.
(4)When her son told her that he had got the first place in the competition, she ________(宽慰地笑了) (1) give him some relief (2) relief (3) a relief
(4) smiled with relief词语链接5．Exhausting （p.44,Ex.3） exhausting adj.筋疲力尽的
exhaust v. 使……筋疲力尽
exhausted adj. (感到)筋疲力尽的即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)Climbing up to the top of the mountain is ________， so almost everyone was ________ when reaching the top of it.
(2)I ________(觉得筋疲力尽了) after spending a whole day’s time typing the articles.
(3)Both the man and his little son ________(感到筋疲力尽) after the long walk.(1) exhausting ，exhausted (2) felt exhausted
(3)were exhausted/worn out/tired out一、单词拼写
1．Your records have been ________(删除)from our database.
2．After a few years, she became very ________(有技巧)at drawing.
3．To our great ________(宽慰)，he managed to land in the end.
4．Sorry to ____(打断)you. Can you tell me the time?
5．We must stop him seeing her ________(以某种方式)．1．deleted 2.skillful 3.relief 4.interrupt
5．somehow6．I didn’t see your car, so I ________(假定)you’d gone out.
7．David was one of the most ________(重要的) musicans of the last century.
8．The students ________(鼓掌称赞)the boy student’s clever answer.
9．Jack felt sick and ________(昡晕的)in the hot sun.
10．It’s difficult to be ________(耐心)when you’re stuck in a traffic jam.6.assumed 7.significant 8.applauded 9.dizzy
10.patient二、词语活用
用与exhaust相关的词语完成下列小段落。
The long journey really (1) ________ me and the climbing after that was more (2)________. When I arrived at the top of the mountain, I was so (3) ________ that I even had no strength to go home. So we decided to spend the night on the mountain. (1) exhausted (2) exhausting (3) exhausted三、根据句子结构和意义，用适当的连接词填空。
1. I wonder ________ they made the hole for the needle.
2. I think some of the beads are made of animal bones ________ others are made of shells.
3. ________ the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
4. Lala had almost reached her destination ________ a delicious smell arrested her progress.
5．You must be aware that it’s here ________ we found evidence of some of the earliest people. 1. how 2. but 3. As 4. when 5. that感谢您的使用，退出请按ESC键本小节结束课件35张PPT。第二学时 Learning about Language 词语链接1．Can you think of the alternatives we would use today? (P.37)
你能想到我们今天也许用得上的替换物吗？alternative n. 替换物；选择的余地
alternatively adv.随便地，可选择地
program alternative 方案抉择
have no alternative but...除……外别无选择；只有；只好
have no choice but to do sth. 除……外别无选择；只有；只好即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)The way to the city was blocked, so we had to go there ________(改道)．
(2) If you want to be admitted to a key university, you __________________(别无选择，只能比以前用功)．(1) by an alternative road
(2) will have no alternative but to work much harder词语链接2．You must be aware that it's here that we've found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. (P.38)
想必你们知道，正是在这儿我们找到了居住在世界这个部分的最早人类的证据。aware adj. 意识到的；知道的
unaware 不知道的， 不清楚的
be/become aware of sth. 知道；意识到
be aware that... 知道；意识到即学即练完成下列句子。
(1) Once you ________(意识到学习外语的重要性), you will learn it more actively.
(2)Though most smokers ________(知道吸烟的危害), they won’t give it up.(1) are aware of the importance of learning a foreign language
(2) are aware of the dangers of smoking3. I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? (P.38)
对不起，打断你的谈话。可是他们怎么能住在这种地方呢？
interrupt v．打断；中断
The First World War interrupted his study in Germany.
(His study in Germany was interrupted by the First World War.)
第一次世界大战中断了他在德国的学习。
The loud noise from her neighbor’s interrupted her study.
邻居家传来的嘈杂声打扰了她的学习。词语链接4. So we think it is reasonable to assume (that) they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold. (P.38) 因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。assume vt. 假设；设想；装作
assumption n. 假定； 假设
assumable adj.假设的；可假定的
The scientists assume that there are living things on the Mars. 科学家们设想火星上有生物。
When blamed by the classmates, she assumed a look of innocence.当同学们责备她时，她装出一副无辜的表情。即学即练A选用上述单词完成下列句子。
(1) What you ________ is proved to be unreasonable, so you must forget all about your ________.
(2) I never ________ that my son should have been accepted by Beijing University. He is too lucky.
(3)Can you ________ who will come to our party? Mr. White, chairman of the board.(1) assumed, assumption
(2) imagined (3) guessregardless of 不管，不顾
She is determined to go to study abroad, regardless of the fact that her family is not rich.
尽管她家不富有，她还是决定到国外留学。
The girl decided to go to Africa to look for her elder sister，regardless of the danger.
不管有多危险，这个女孩还是决定去非洲寻找她的姐姐。温馨提示：
although, though 也有“虽然，尽管，不顾”的意思， 但是它们后面一定要跟句子，不能跟短语。in spite of, regardless of后只能接名词或短语。此外，although, though不能和but连用。
Although it was raining heavily outside, the woman was still wandering in the street, looking for her lost son.
Regardless of /In spite of/ Despite the heavy rain, the woman was still wandering in the street, searching for her lost son.用regardless of, despite, in spite of, though, although填空。
(1)________ her wealth left by her grandparents, Mary went to work in a big company.
(2)They had to march on ________the cold, the snow and the strong wind.
(3)________ he has tried his best, he failed to persuade his uncle to stop smoking.即学即练B(1) Regardless of (2) in spite of
(3) Although/Though5．That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well. (P.38) 他们用这火取暖、做饭，还能用火吓跑野兽。
would/might＋have done想必，肯定是。表示假想的过去的动作或事情。即学即练完成下列句子。
(1) John ______(可能知道真相) but refused to tell us.
(2)The animals ________(肯定可以过更好的生活) if people had paid enough attention to protecting the environment. (1) would/might have known the truth
(2) would have lived in a better condition/may have lived better词语链接6．It seems that they used sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.(P.38)
看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮的。cut up切碎； 使……受苦，使……悲伤
cut down缩短；改小；缩小；砍伐
cut in 插嘴；打断；超车抢道
cut off切断，阻断；使分离，使隔绝
cut short中断，打断
cut through穿过，挤进即学即练A．选用上述词语完成下列句子。(1) cut up (2) cut down
(3) cut in (4)cut through(1) He the meat.?
(2) I recommended that you should the cost.?
(3) As we were talking, she with a question.?
(4) He a forest to get home. 构词知识
“形容词 ＋ en”构成动词。
sharp(尖的) ——sharpen(削尖)
soft (软的)——soften(变软，软化)
short (短的)——shorten(缩短，删减)
wide(宽的) ——widen(加宽，拓宽)
ripe(熟的)——ripen (成熟)B．完成下列句子。
(1) We plan to __________________(扩路) .
(2) Please ________(将作文删短些). It’s too long.
(3) They picked fruit when it ________(成熟)(1) widen the road
(2) shorten your composition (3)ripened词语链接7．After that they would rub an ample amount of salt into the skin to make it soft.(P.37)
然后，他们可能把很多盐擦进兽皮里，使之变软。ample adj. 充裕的， 足够的
amply adv. 充裕地；充足地
ampleness n. 充足；充裕
ample evidence 充分的证据
an ample reward 优厚的报酬即学即练完成下列句子。
(1) We have ________(充足的旅费).
(2) There was _____(足够的时间) to get to the airport. (1) ample/enough money for the journey
(2) ample/enough time(3)We need not go and buy food today. There is still ________ vegetables, meat and drinks in the refrigerator.
(4) He has money ________ to buy a bigger house now.
(5) The poor old man was not strong ________ to lift such a heavy box.
(6) He spoke slowly ________ but I still could not catch him. (3) enough (4) enough (5) enough (6) enough词语链接8．Yes and so well preserved. (P.39)
是的，还保存得很好呢。preserve v. 保存，保护，收藏； 保持，维持
preservation n．保护；保存；维持
the preservation of sth. ……的保护
preserve sb. from...保护某人以免……即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)People used to ________(保存肉和鱼) in salt.
(2) One of their duties is ________(维持公共秩序)．
(3) The association was set up to ________ endangered animals ________extinction.
(4) The focus of today was the ________ of jobs.(1) preserve meat or fish (2) to preserve public order
(3) preserve, from (4) preservation9．长难句结构分析
(1)You must be aware
主语 谓语
that it’s here that we’ve found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
宾语从句 定语从句(修饰people)
(2) We have been excavating
主语 谓语
layers of ash almost six meters thick,
宾语
which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 非限制性定语从句即学即练翻译下列句子，并分析其结构。
(1) 你必须记住， 当我们身处困境时， 是你的叔叔给了我们最大的帮助。
________________________________________________________________________
(2) 年轻人在门外一直等了两个小时，这当然会引起住在附近的人们的注意。
________________________________________________________________________(1) You must remember
主语 谓语
that it’s your uncle who offered us his greatest help
宾语从句
when we were in trouble.
时间状语从句
(2) The young man has been waiting outside the house
主语 谓语 地点状语
for about two hours, which of course
时间状语 定语从句
arrested the attention of the people living nearby.一、用所给单词的适当形式完成句子。
1．We should_____ (analysis) the problem so that we can solve it.
2．He shows great ________(skillful) at playing basketball.1．analyze 2.skill 3.radioactivity3．Some rare metals have （radioactive）.?
6．There is a beautiful ________(botany) garden in Guangzhou.
7．The police made a ________(system) search of the building.4.Starvation 5．mess 6.botanical 7.systematic 4．The old woman died of （starve）.?
5．The spilt milk made a terrible (messy) on the carpet.二、词语活用
用与aware相关的词语完成下列小段落。
At first I (1) ________ the importance of learning English. One day I was walking in a park in Tianhe, when a foreigner asked me where he could wash his hands. I led him to a stand that sold water. He looked disappointed and very worried. I was not (2) ________the fact that he wanted to go to the toilet. It was this experience that made me (3) ________ I must learn English well.(1) was unaware of (2)aware of (3)aware that三、动词专练
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1．Having heard wolves _______ in the forest, Lala _______ her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. (howl, accelerate)
2．It seems that they used the ________ stone tools ________ up animals and remove their skin. (sharp, cut)
3．He got a fine for ________ in public. (spit)
4．Mr. Best ________ for speeding yesterday. (arrest)
5．____ that it is true, what should we do now? (assume)1. howling, accelerated 2. sharpened, to cut
3. spitting 4. was arrested 5. Assuming 四、完成下列句子。
1. The road must __________________(拓宽)．
2. This case was used ________________(保存食物) in this part of the country.
3. I saw a boy ______________(砍柴) when I passed the small village.
4. ________(你意识到) how important water is to human beings?1. be widened 2. to preserve food
3. cutting up the wood 4. Are you aware感谢您的使用，退出请按ESC键本小节结束课件19张PPT。第五学时 Writing1. You must be aware that it's here that we’ve found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
你们想必都清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据。
It’s here that... 正是在这儿……（强调句）
It’s here that I first met Peter, now my husband.
正是在这儿我遇见了彼得，我现在的丈夫。即学即练将下列句子译成英语。
正是在这儿我们度过了五年快乐的时光。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________It’s here that we spent five years happily together.2. It seems that they used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skins.
看样子他们是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮。
It seems that... 看来……， 似乎……
It seems that the poor young man can do nothing but wait.
看来这可怜的年轻人没有别的办法，只能等待。即学即练将下列句子译成英语。
(1) 看来他已经灰心了。
___________________________________.
(2)看来经理很了解她的员工。
___________________________________.(1) It seems that he has lost heart.
(2) It seemed that the manager knows all her clerks well.3. That’s why they are called hunters and gatherers.
这就是他们被称为猎人和采摘者的缘故。
That’s why...那就是……的原因，这就是……的缘故
That’s why he decided to stay in London and refused to meet Sue again.
那就是他决定呆在伦敦，不愿再见到Sue的原因。即学即练将下列句子译成英语。
那就是他英语测试失败的缘故。
________________________________________________________________________That’s why he failed in the English exam.4. If only it could be just like last year.
要是能像去年那样就好了！
If only...但愿……，要是……就好了。其后一般用虚拟语气。
If only sb. did sth.表示目前比较难实现的愿望
If only sb.had done sth.表示过去比较难实现的愿望
If only I were 10 years younger.
要是我年轻十岁就好了！
If only you had been here five minutes earlier.
要是你早到5分钟就好了！即学即练将下列句子译成英语。
(1)但愿世界人民都摆脱饥饿、疾病的痛苦，过着宁静的生活。
______________________________________
(2) 要是我能像鸟儿一样飞该多好啊！
_______________________________________(1) If only people all over the world could avoid suffering from hunger and diseases and lived a peaceful life.
(2) If only I could fly like a bird!请用上述句型翻译下列小段落。
看来你不想听我们的忠告。但是，你必须明白正是你的粗心导致了这次失败。这就是别人不相信你能做好工作的原因。要是你能像你的妹妹一样细心该多好啊！
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________It seems that you won’t listen to our advice. But you must be aware that it was your carelessness that led to the failure. That’s why others don’t believe that you can do your work well. If only you were as careful as your sister!广告的写作策略
写作指导
广告写作就是通过对产品的描写和介绍(包括产品的产地、原料、性能、特征、功能性、实用性、质量、价格等)，达到吸引读者、促进销售的目的。但是怎样才能把产品广告写得引人入胜呢？
一、广告组成部分及写作技巧：
文字广告由标题、正文、广告语及附文(可省略)组成。
1．标题：好的开头是作文成功的关键。标 题为广告的开头，一般开门见山 而且要具有吸引力和诱惑力，能一下抓住消费者的注意力。2．正文：正文一般分为四步。(1)紧紧围绕开头所推出的产品，介绍它的特性、质量、原材料，以及和同类产品相比最出彩的地方；(2)强调该产品带来的好处，承诺善后服务等等；(3)促使客户采取行动、购买产品；(4)告诉读者购买产品的联系方式。
3．广告语：商业性广告常常带有文字精炼的广告语，以便更能引起大众的注意。二、广告的语言特点：
1．文字简洁、句式精炼而多变。常用到省略句或实词。句式要变化多样，如陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等。同时注意提高文字的渲染力，尽量使用真实、 精炼、幽默、形象化的语言，以吸引读者，给人以某种联想和想象。广告的内容要符合实际情况，不能夸大其词，更不能无中生有来误导消费者。
2．巧用形容词，善用修饰语。为了更好地介绍产品，说服消费者，常常要用到一些褒义的形容词，如：beautiful，pretty，attractive，honest，well-known，successful，excellent等；用修饰词来起到强调的作用，如：very，just，too，well，at once，throughout the world等。即学即练
一家宾馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要内容应包括：
1．地点：距白山入口处500米；
2．房间及价格：单人间(共20间)，100元/天；双人间(共15间)，150元/天； 热水淋浴：
3．餐厅(中、西餐)，咖啡厅(茶、咖啡)；
4．游泳池：全天免费开放；
5．欢迎预订。
__________________________________________________________________________________________Welcome to Baishan Mountain Hotel
Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business. Baishan Mountain Hotel，only 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain，enjoys a scenic location with convenient transportation and comfortable accommodations (住宿)．We have two kinds of rooms. One single bedroom is 100 yuan per day and one double bedroom is 150 yuan a day. All rooms will offer hot water for a bath，so customers can have a good rest after they get back from Baishan Mountain. As for eating，our restaurant serves both local and western food. If you’d like to have a cup of coffee or tea, you can go to the coffee hall. To make people enjoy their trip，we also have a swimming pool，which is open all day and free of charge.
We warmly invite you to come and stay at Baishan Mountain Hotel. Welcome to book our hotel’s rooms.感谢您的使用，退出请按ESC键本小节结束课件43张PPT。第四学时 Grammar复习动词的时态和语态
一、一般现在时的用法
1．表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语有： always，often，never，sometimes，on Sunday等。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
She always watches TV on Sunday evenings.2．表示客观真理，客观存在、科学的事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。如：
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
3．表示格言或警句。
Pride goes before a fall.
骄者必败。
Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。
4．现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
Mr. Wang writes good English but does not speak well.二、一般过去时的用法
一般过去时表示
1．在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982 等。
Where did you go just now?
2．表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child，I often played football in the street.
3．wish，wonder，think，hope 等用过去时，表试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你可能有一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid(虚弱) all her life. (她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(她现在还活着)
Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)三、一般将来时的用法
1．shall用于第一人称， will 在陈述句中用于各人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first?
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2．“be going＋不定式”，表示将来。
(1)主语的意图，即将做某事
What are you going to do tomorrow?
(2)计划，安排要发生的事
The play is going to be produced next month.。(3)有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds，there is going to be a storm.
3.“be＋不定式”表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4．“be about ＋不定式”，意为“马上做某事”
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与表示明确将来的时间状语连用。
be going to/will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来， will表意愿。If you are going to make a journey，you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
如果你要去旅游的话，最好尽快作准备。
Now if you will take off your clothes，we will fit the new clothes on you.
如果你愿意脱下衣服的话，我们将给你试穿新衣服。
be to/be going to：
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安排) 注意：(1)一般现在时表将来的用法
①下列动词：come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
—When does the bus start?
—It starts in ten minutes.
②在时间或条件从句中
When Bill comes，ask him to wait for me.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.③在hope，take care that，make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
(2)用现在进行时表示将来，意为：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”，常用于人。常用动词为come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay，die等。
I'm leaving tomorrow.
We're flying to New York next month.
I hear old Brown is dying soon.四、过去将来时的用法
过去将来时用来表示间接引用某人过去的话和想法，也表示过去某个习惯性的动作；在虚拟条件句中，表示非真实的动作或状态。有时还表示客气的请求或者说话者的某种愿望。
He warned us that the trip would be adventurous.(间接引语)
At dusk，these old men would sit in rocking chairs and chat freely and happily.(过去的习惯动作)
If I were you，I would not lose this good chance.(虚拟语气)
Would you mind helping me to fetch some chalk from the office?
I would like a cup of coffee，please.(客气的请求)五、现在完成时的用法
1．现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
My father has worked in this university for twenty years.
(＝My father began to work in this university twenty years ago，and he is still working here.)
2．用于现在完成时的句型
(1)It is the first/second time...that...，结构中的从句部分的谓语用完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.(2)This is the...that...结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
3．比较since和for : since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间的长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.4．since 的四种用法
(1)since＋过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980，last month，half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
(2)since＋一段时间＋ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
(3)since＋从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
(4)It is＋一段时间＋ since从句
It is two years since I became a student here.
It is five weeks since he was married to her.六、过去完成时的用法
1．概念：表示过去的过去，其构成是 “had＋过去分词”。
2．用法
(1)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
(2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先的动作用过去完成时；发生在后的，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived，the thieves had run away.(3)表示意向的动词，如：hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”
We had hoped that you would come，but you didn't.
3．过去完成时的时间状语：before，by，until ，when，after，once，as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve，Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.注意：用一般过去时代替完成时的用法：
(1)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
(2)句中有 before，after时用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
He (had) studied maths from his brother before he went to school.
After he (had) finished his work，old Tom went to sleep.七、将来完成时的用法
1．构成 will have done sth.
2．概念
(1)状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某时为止一直具有的状态。
(2)动作完成：表示将来某时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。
They will have been married for 20 years by 2013.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.八、现在进行时的用法
1．概念
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作。
The police are searching the forest for the murderer.
(2)表示渐变，动词有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
(3)与always，constantly，forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.2．注意以下动词不用进行时：
(1)事实状态的动词have，belong，possess，cost，owe，exist，include，contain，matter，weigh，measure，continue
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
(2)心理状态的动词 know，realize，think，see，believe，suppose，imagine，agree，recognize，remember，want，need，forget，prefer，mean，understand，love，hate
I need your help.
He loves her very much.(3)瞬间动词 accept，receive，complete，finish，give，allow，decide，refuse.
I accept your advice.
(4)系动词 seem，remain，lie，see，hear，smell，feel，taste，get，become，turn
You seem a little tired.
九、过去进行时的用法
1．概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2．过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在发生。3．常用的时间状语this morning，the whole morning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten yesterday evening，when，while。
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.
十、时态注意事项
1．一般现在时代替将来时(见一般现在时的用法)。
2．一般现在时代替过去时。
(1)“书上说”，“报纸上说”等。
The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.
报纸上说明天会很冷的。(2)叙述往事，使其生动。
Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.
3. 现在进行时代替将来时(见现在进行时的用法)。
十一、动词的语态
1．主动语态与被动语态
(1)当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语用被动语态。被动语态由助动词“be＋过去分词”构成，时态通过be表现出来。Everyone is required to be quiet in the reading-room.
After the storm，all the crops were destroyed in my home country.
The problem will be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
A new highway is being built in Guangzhou.
The new tool was being made in the town at that time.
The floor has been washed.
They told me that the project had been completed.
The boss said that more good products would be produced in his factory.(2)情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Such accidents must be prevented from happening again.
Measures should be taken to stop people smoking in public places.
(3)带不定式的被动结构：to be done
Babies need to be taken good care of.
The exam paper is going to be corrected.
(4)短语动词的被动结构
A new law has been carried out to protect the wild animals and plants here.
The sports meeting was put off until next week.注意：用于这类被动结构的短语动词要把它们作为整体看待，即要把它们看作一个及物动词。这类动词常用的有：
①agree to，ask for，call for，laugh at，listen to，look after，operate on，send for，talk about，think of
②bring about，carry out，find out，give up，hand in，make out，pass on，point out，put away，put off，take up，think over，turn down，turn on，wipe out，work out
③do away with，face up to，give in to，look down upon，make up for，put up with
④catch sight of，keep an eye on，make use of，make a fool of，pay attention to，put an end to，set fire to，take care of，take hold of，take notice of.如：However，she was turned down by them.
Patients will be looked after well here.
Attention should be paid to your pronunciation.
Time should be made good use of by each student.
2．主动形式表被动意义
(1)在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意思。常用的动词有sell，read，feel，write，wear，wash，open，clean，cook，keep，cut，fill，blow，measure，lock, run，record，begin，shut等。All the machines run well.
Class begins at eight in the morning.
Your composition reads well.
This pen writes smoothly.
This coat wears well.
As we all know，her books doesn't sell well at present.
(2)表示状态特征的连系动词， 如：look，smell，taste，sound，feel，prove，appear，seem等的主动形式表被动意思。What he said proved to be correct.
Cotton feels soft.
The roses smell sweet.
Good medicine tastes bitter.
His sentence doesn't sound right.
The lecture seemed endless.
(3)某些动词以物作主语时，其进行时也可表示被动意义。
The dinner is cooking.
The book is printing.
The house is still building.
Preparations are making.(4)不定式的主动意思表被动的含义。
①不定式做定语用时
I can't go to the theatre with you，for I have too much homework to do.
I will give her something to read.
②在形容词后作状语的不定式说明句中在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的情况，且与句中主语构成动宾关系时，可用主动形式表被动意义。常见的形容词：easy，difficult，comfortable，dangerous，hard，heavy，impossibleThe question he asked is hard to answer.
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
It is dangerous to go out alone at night.
His telephone number is easy to remember.
The man was once very difficult to deal with.
③在There be句型中，两种形式都可以用。
There are many questions to discuss/to be discussed.
There is nothing to do/to be done.(5)need，want，require，deserve，be worth＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
The watch needs repairing. (to be repaired)
The floor wants washing.
The book is worth reading a second time.
(6)“be to blame”表示主动。
No one is to blame for the accident.1. The inventor of dishwasher. American ?Josephine Cochrance, loved to give dinner parties, which was to contribute to his success.?
2.The problem （explain） several times, but unfortunately, the boy still couldn?t smooth away the problem on his own.
3.He was （accuse） of looking down upon the ?disabled person in public, but he turned a deaf to it.
4. Who else expect a millionaire could （afford） to travel in a spaceship to the outer world?一、在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。5. It is difficult to judge whether what he did is worthy of being________（praise）.
6. An awful accident __________（do），however，occur the other day.
7. Hundreds of jobs__________（lose） if the factory closes.
8. I 've won a holiday for two to Florida.I _________（take） my mum.
9. A new cinema _________（build） here.They hope to ?finish? it next month.
10. He is the only one of the students who_________（be） a winner of scholarship for three years.
答案：1.the,/ 2.had been explained 3.accused?
4.afford 5.praised 6.did 7.will be lost?
8.am taking 9.is being built 10.has been二、翻译下列句子
1．在这里，夏天气候温和，冬天天气凉快。
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2．上个星期天，我们班全体同学参观了北京故宫。
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3．当我们到达机场时，格林夫人已经在那里等候了。
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4．科学家们一直在研究治疗这种疾病的方法。
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5．学生会将组织一次英语演讲比赛，欢迎全体同学参加。
______________________________________1．It is warm here in summer and cool in winter.
2．Last Sunday，our class went to visit the Palace Museum in Beijing.
3．When we arrived at the airport，Mrs.Green had already been waiting for us there.
4．Scientists have been studying ways to cure this kind of disease.
5．An English speaking contest will be organized by the Students' Union.All the students are welcome.( The Student Union is going to organize an English speaking contest.All...)6．他加入游泳俱乐部已经半年了。
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7．暴风雨后，大部分的房屋遭到破坏，庄稼全部被毁了。
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8．我们应该采取有效措施防止污染。
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9．李明，山东人，从小就喜欢滑冰。
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10．我很忙，我有很多事情需要处理。
______________________________________6．It is six months since he joined the Swimming Club.( He joined the Swimming Club six months ago.)
7．After the storm，the majority of the houses were damaged and all the crops were destroyed.
8．We should take effective measures to stop the pollution.( Effective measures should be taken to stop the pollution.)
9．Li Ming，who was born in Shandong，liked skating when he was still a boy.
10．I am very busy，for I have a lot of things to deal with.三、语法填空
Last Saturday，my uncle__1__(invite) to an inn. He enjoyed himself very much，__2__(drink) a lot of beer with his friends.He__3__(drink) as a result. Although his friends tried__4__(persuade) him not to drive home，he___5___(insist) on doing so. After a few minutes，he slowly got on his car and__6__(wind) his way in the street. It seemed that his car__7__out of control and it suddenly__8__(run) into a tall tree.He__9__(injure) but remained alive，fortunately. The police soon came to the scene and my uncle__10__(take)to hospital. How regretted he was!1．was invited 2.drinking 3.got/was drunken
4.to persuade 5．insisted 6.was winding
7.was 8.ran 9.was injured 10．was taken感谢您的使用，退出请按ESC键本小节结束
