课件22张PPT。Great scientists第一学时 Reading and Comprehension1．Do you want to be a scientist? How can you become a scientist?Yes, I do.In order to become a scientist, I should study hard to learn as much knowledge as I can.I’ll also read some stories about some famous scientists to learn the scientific way that they worked.2．Which scientist do you admire most? Why?Yuan Longping, father of rice. Because he is a very famous Chinese scientist. Thanks to his research, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. He is now helping less developed countries to increase their rice harvest. With his help, the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger.Task 1快速阅读课文John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”， 用大约30词写出课文的概要。
温馨提示： 本文属记叙文。写记叙文的概要时要紧扣人物、事件、结果等要素。
__________________________________________________________________________________________The passage states how John Snow, a well－known doctor in London, used his knowledge to find out the cause of the deadly disease cholera and find away to defeat it.Task 2仔细阅读课文 John Snow defeats “King Cholera”， 然后根据课文内容选出最佳选项。
1．What inspired John Snow according to the first paragraph? （ ）
A．Being Queen Victoria’s personal physician.
B．Finding where cholera happened.
C．Helping ordinary people who suffered from cholera.
D．Knowing cholera was hard to defeat.C2．John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________. （ ）
A．gathering information with the help of a map
B．looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C．separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D．both A and BD3．What did John Snow‘s test show? （ ）
A．Cholera was spread in a cloud of gas.
B．The beer in the pub was polluted.
C．Cholera attacked the people in the whole district.
D．Cholera was spread by germs.D4．Another title of the text should be________. （ ）
A．John Snow and Cholera
B．The Discovery of Cholera
C．John Snow, a Great Scientist
D．John Snow Became Famous5．The text is written as a(n)________． ( )
A．report B．description
C．creative story D．essayAATask 3再次阅读John Snow defeats ”King Cholera”(P2)，完成下列表格。1．the most deadly 2.controlled 3．was found
4.multiplied in the air 5.victims 6．absorbed7.outbreak 8.two particular
9．severe 10.marked
11.valuable clue 12．was to blame
13.the source of the water
14．polluted 15.by germs
16.was foundTask 4根据课文内容在下文空格中填上恰当的词语，使文章连贯完整。
John Snow was a well－known 1.____ in London in the 2.____century.He wanted to find the 3.___ of cholera in order to 4.____it.In 1854 when a cholera 5.____out, he began to gather information. He 6.____on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the 7.___ died. So he decided that the 8.___water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply 9.___and new methods of 10.____with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.1．doctor 2.19th 3.cause 4.defeat 5．broke 6.marked 7.pump 8.polluted 9．be examined 10.dealing一、请将课文John Snow defeats “King Cholera”翻译成汉语，然后对照“译文助读”自主勘误。
译文助读：
约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”
约翰·斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确太负盛名了，所以维多利亚女皇生孩子时都是他去照料，帮助她顺利分娩。但当他一想到要帮助患病的普通老百姓，特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次暴发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老傩病死。约翰·斯诺想要用他的知识来帮助解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。霍乱之所以能致人于死，当时有两种看法，斯诺对这两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。
斯诺相信第二种说法，但是需要证明他是正确的。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯诺就着手准备对这两种说法做些检测。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯诺就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行得很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。他决心要查明其原因。他在一张地图上标明了死者住的地方。下面就是这张地图：(略)注：线条一代表一个死亡病例
P．H.：酒馆
30,3 1，……：门牌号码
这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号)。约翰·斯诺还发现有些住户(如宽街上21号和22号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他还发现，这些住户的家人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。
其次，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。约翰·斯诺马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。约翰·斯诺在此之前就曾经表明，霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。除此之外，他发现在伦敦的另一个地方有两个死亡的病例，与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。她和常来看望她的女儿喝了这种水，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测，而且要寻找处理污水的新方法。自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。“霍乱王”就是这样被击败的。二、将下列单词或词组译成英语，然后参阅Unit 1的词汇表自主勘误。
1．科学的 adj. ______________
2．熟练的 adj.；专家n. ______________
3．照顾，出席，护理 v. ______________
4．治愈， 治疗n.&v. ______________
5．挑战， 向……挑战 n．&v. ______________1．scientific 2.expert 3.attend 4.cure
5．challenge6．怀疑， 被怀疑者 v．&n. ______________
7.责备， 过失v.&n. ______________
8．打败， 战胜n.&v. ______________
9.污染v. ______________
10．捐献， 贡献， 捐助v. ______________
11．得出结论 ______________6.suspect 7.blame 8.defeat
9．pollute 10.contribute 11.draw a conclusion12．提出 ______________
13．除……外 ______________
14．将……和……相连 ______________
15．使暴露， 显露 ______________
16．讲得通， 有意义 ______________12．put forward 13.apart from
14. link...to 15．expose...to 16.make sense祝您学业有成课件34张PPT。Great scientists第三学时 Using Language
Reading, listening and speakingTask 1阅读“Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory”(P7), 用大约30词写出课文的概要。
温馨提示： 本文属记叙文。写记叙文的概要时要紧扣人物、事件、结果等要素。由于本文的主要内容是介绍哥白尼如何提出“日心说”，那么摘要中应加入另一个要素：该理论的作用。Copernicus collected observations of the stars and proved the sun is the centre of the solar system.His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity and became the base of all the ideas of the universe.Task 2阅读“Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory”(P7)，然后根据课文内容选出最佳选项。
1．Why didn’t Copernicus publish his theory the moment he completed his theory? ( )
A．The powerful Christian Church had punished him.
B．He believe God had made the world.
C．He was afraid of Christian’s punishing.
D．He thought the earth was the center of the solar system.C2．If the earth was the centre of the universe, we couldn’t explain that ________. ( )
A．God had made the earth
B．all the stars moved round the earth
C．Christian Church was powerful
D．some of the planets appear brighter at times and less bright at othersD3．Which of the following is wrong about Copernicus?
( )
A．His theory was the base of the work of Stephen Hawking.
B．He kept his theory for nearly 30 years.
C．He noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop.
D．He thought only moon went around the earth.C4．What does these problems in paragraph 3 refer to ?
( )
A. What the astrnomers sun.
B. All planets went round the sun.
C. What he met in his mathematical calculation.
D. What the Christian Church would have done with him if he published his theory.A5．What is the writer’s attitude toward the fact that Copernicus kept his theory? ( )
A．He is for it.
B．He is against it.
C．He is neither for it nor against it.
D．He doesn’t tell us.APart A Role Play情景介绍 Tom和Jack在谈论哥白尼及其日心说的话题。
角色： Tom and Jack
任务： (1) 请根据中文提示提出问题。
(2) 请你的同学根据课文内容回答你的提问，然后你们互换角色进行口语练习。
Q1: 哥白尼从所有的计算结果中得出什么结论？
______________________________________?
Q2: 哥白尼立刻发表了他的发现吗？
_______________________________________?Q3: 在哥白尼那个时代， 人们相信太阳是太阳系的中心吗？
______________________________________?
Q4: 哥白尼为什么不敢把他的发现告诉别人？
______________________________________?
Q5: 哥白尼什么时候发表了他的理论？
______________________________________?
Q6: 为什么说哥白尼的理论是一场革命？
______________________________________?Q1: What conclusion did Copernicus draw from all the mathematical calculations?
A1: The earth was not the center of the solar system.
Q2: Did Copernicus publish his discovery at once?
A2: No, he didn’t.
Q3: At Copernicus’ time, did people believe the sun is the centre of the solar system?
A3: No, they didn’t.
Q4: Why couldn’t he tell anyone about his discovery?
A4: Because it was completely against the powerful Christian’s belief.Q5: When did Copernicus publish his theory?
A5: In 1543
Q6: Why was Copernicus’ theory a revolution?
A6: Because his theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to the earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe.Besides, his theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.Part B Retelling请用自己的话复述课文， 你可以参照上述问题及其答案。
关键词：calculation, the centre of the solar system, against the Christian belief, basisCopernicus’ mathematical calculations led to the conclusion:
the earth was not the center of the solar system.Instead, the centre of the solar system is the sun.As the Christian Church was very powerful at Copernicus’ time, he couldn’t tell anyone about the theory because it was completely against the powerful Christian’s belief.In order to avoid their punishment, he kept his theory until he lay dying in 1543.Now his theory is considered as the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.1．...all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion.
他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论。
lead to
（1）引起；导致；通往，通向; to是介词，不是不定式的符号。其后应接名词或动名词。类似的短语还有：?
attend to照顾?
look forward to期盼?
pay attention to注意?
contribute to 对……有贡献?
devote...to 献身于，专注于?
refer to参考；涉及到?即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)This will probably________(导致) trouble in the future.
(2)All roads________(通向) Rome.
(3)We are looking forward to________(很快见到你)．
(4)He devoted himself to ________(帮助贫穷孩子)．(1)lead to (2)lead to (3)seeing you soon
(4)helping poor children2．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置时，天空中其它行星的运动才能说得清楚。
词语辨析：
only if/if only
①only if表示“只有”,位于句首表条件时，主句需要部分倒装。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings．?
只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。?
Only if you study hard can you make progress.?
你只有努力学习才能取得进步。?
②if only相当于as long as，意为“只要……就……”,“如果……就好了。”?It is hard to avoid mistakes；if only they are conscientiously corrected，it will be all right．?
错误总是难免的，只要认真地改正，也就好了。?
if only也可以单独用，表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，相当于“I wish that…”，意为“要是……就好了；但愿”，其后常用虚拟结构，不倒装。?
If only you had worked with greater care!?
你要是工作再细心些就好了!?
If only he were alive!?
要是他活着多好啊! ?词语链接make sense 有意义；有道理
make sense of 了解某事的意义，理解
make no sense 没有意义
in a sense 从某种意义上说
There is no sense in doing sth.做……没有意义。即学即练完成下列句子
(1)要是我能像鸟儿一样飞翔该多好啊！
______________________________like a bird!
(2)你只有认识到这个问题的重要性才会去解决它。
________you realize the importance of the problem________.(1)If only I could fly
(2)Only if；can you solve it(3)Read this and tell me________(意思是否明确)．
(4)It just ________(说不通)—why would she do a thing like that?
(5)Can you ________(理解) this article at all?
(6)现在大可不必为那件事担心。
________________________________(3)if it makes sense (4)doesn’t make sense
(5)make any sense of
(6)There is no sense in worrying about it now.词语链接3．His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas , but Copernicus was cautious.
他的朋友都热情鼓励他把自己的想法公之于世， 而哥白尼却小心谨慎。be enthusiastic about/over/for：
对……热心的/狂热的
be cautious about 对……谨慎即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)He ______________(变成了一个古典音乐迷)．
(2)The government ____(对……谨慎) his response to this report.
(3)He is always______________(热衷于别人的事情)．(1)became enthusiastic about classical music
(2)is cautious about
(3)enthusiastic about others’ affairs4．He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
他不想遭到基督教会势力的攻击，所以他只是在1543年临终之前才把它公布出来。
lie “躺，平放，位于”，有时后面跟一形容词或分词，表示所处状态。思维拓展阅读下列句子，注意划线部分的含义。
He gave his wife a debt list when he lay dying in 2009.
2009年，临终前他给妻子一张欠账单。
The dog was lying dead on the floor.
狗死在地板上。
The book lay open on the table.
那本书摊开着摆在桌子上。
The snow lay thick/deep on the ground.
厚厚的积雪覆盖着大地。He decided to lie hidden for a few days longer.
他决定多藏几天。
She lies ill in bed.她卧病在床。5．The Christian Church rejected his theory ······
基督教会拒绝接受他的理论。
reject vt . 后接名词或动名词，意为：
（1）to refuse 拒绝；抵制；
（2）to throw aside 抛弃，剔除，丢弃即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)他拒绝了我的援助提议。
He rejected_____________________________.
(2)我向他求婚，但被她拒绝了。
I proposed to her but she_________________________.
(3)Choose the good apples and _________(丢掉那些坏的)．(1)my offer of help (2)rejected me
(3)reject the bad ones一、单词拼写
1．The rural environment was having a ________(积极的) effect on the children’s health.
2.I asked him to leave at once, but he stayed there without ________(行动)．
3.He walked past him without a ________(向后的) glance.
4.He is ________(热情的) about helping others.
5.The Earth is only one of the numerous planets in the________(宇宙)．1．positive 2.movement 3.backward 4.enthusiastic
5.universe二、词语活用
用与sense相关的词语完成下列小片段。
Yesterday my boss gave me a poem and asked me to help him (1)________ its meaning. I read it over and over again. To be frank, (2)________， the poem (3)________ at all. That’s to say, there was (4)________ reading such a nonsense. So I advised the boss to throw the poem into the dustbin.(1)(to) make sense of (2)in a sense
(3)made no sense (4)no sense in三、用恰当的介词或副词填空。
1．The suggestion put ________ by Mr. Li sounded quite reasonable.
2．________ conclusion, he has done his best and it’s unfair to scold him.
3．There is no doubt that Lu Xun was one of the greatest writers ________ his day.
4．Mr. Green was so absorbed ________ his work that he didn’t notice a man slipped into his house.1.forward 2.In 3.of 4.in/into5．There is no need to say that everyone should be strict ________himself and everyone should be strict ________ his work.
6．To be honest, I can’t make sense ________ what he said just now.
7．Apart ________ their house in Guangzhou, they also have a house in Shenzhen.
8．Things fall ______ the ground because ______ the gravity of the earth.5.with, in 6.of 7.from 8.to, of祝您学业有成课件42张PPT。Great scientists第二学时 Learning about Language1．Who put forward a theory about black holes?
谁提出了黑洞理论？
put forward
（1）提出（建议、计划、意见、理论等）
（2）提名，推荐
（3）将·····提前；把（钟、表）拨快即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)他们提出了一项减少交通流量的计划。
They have ________for reducing the level of traffic.
(2)我们提名惠灵顿先生作为委员会主席的候选人，好吗？
Shall we ________Mr. Wellington ________as the candidate for chairman of the committee?
(3)会议已提前到本周举行。
The meeting________ to this week.(1)put forward a plan (2)put...forward
(3)has been put forward 2．conclude v．结论， 推断
conclusion n．结论， 推断
draw/come to /reach/arrive at a conclusion
得出结论
make a conclusion下结论
in conclusion最后，总之即学即练(1)________， I’d like to say the conference is a great success.
(2)Don’t ________in such a hurry.
(3)They______different ___ from the same result.(1)In conclusion (2)draw/make a conclusion
(3)drew...conclusions3．John Snow was a famous doctor in London——so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her presonal physician.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦的著名医生， 事实上他的经验如此丰富，以致成为照顾维多利亚女皇的私人医生。
Attend vt
（1）照顾（2）出席
（3）照料；伴随；倾听
（4）vi .（to）对······关心，关注即学即练完成下列句子
(1)Mrs.Thomas has a good doctor________(照顾她)．
(2)Professor Smith will___(出席医学研讨会) next Friday.
(3)They ______(料理我们的事情) during our absence.
(4)We’ll ________(稍后将关注那个问题)．(1)attending her/to attend her
(2)attend the medical research conference
(3)attended our affairs
(4)attend to that problem later4．But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但是一想到要帮助那些霍乱病患者时，他就感到很振奋。
expose vt.暴露(uncover)；
使(胶片)曝光， 揭露(reveal)某人或罪行
expose sb.to sth.或sb.is exposed to sth.
(使)某人受到某事的威胁/影响即学即练完成下列句子
(1)Keep indoors and don’t______(让皮肤在太阳下暴晒)．
(2)I threatened______________(要向警察检举他)．
(3)They______________(还未受到这种疾病的威胁) .
(4)They______________(让孩子们受到古典音乐的影响)．(1)expose your skin to the sun
(2)to expose him to the police
(3)have not been exposed to the diseases
(4)exposed their children to classical music5．This was the deadly disease of its day.
霍乱在当时是致命的疾病。
of one’s day: during the period of time that one lives or exists
There was no denying that he was one of the greatest artists of his day.
不能否认他是他那个时代最伟大的艺术家之一。词语链接die v．——dead adj. 死的——deadly adj./adv. 致命的，死一般地
death n．死亡(不可数)——deaths n. 死亡人数
die of 死于(疾病/情感/饥饿/寒冷)
die from 死于(非正常原因，如意外事故)
die for 为……而死?即学即练选用上述词语完成句子。
(1)They are our ________enemies.
(2)The disease is ________at that time.
(3)His face turned________ pale at the news.
(4)Some people________ of this________ disease last week and the________ will rise to 100 this month.
(5)Her father ________cancer at the age of 50.
(6)The big earthquake in Japan caused about 20,000________.(1)deadly (2)deadly (3)deadly
(4)died, deadly, deaths (5)died of (6)deaths词语链接6．He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its caused was found 他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。control v．& n．控制
lose control of/be (go) out of control失去控制
in control (of)控制着，处于统治地位
under control(被)控制住
in/under the control of
在……控制下， 被……控制着即学即练选用上述词语完成句子。
(1)The government tries its best_______(控制物价)．
(2)He cannot _______(控制自己的愤怒情绪)．
(3)The driver____(未能控制好他的车) and it knocked into a tree.
(4)The machine________(失去控制了) because of improper use.
(5)Anti－government forces are still____(控制着这一地区)．
(6)The fire__________(已经得到控制)．(1)to control prices (2)control his anger
(3)lost control of his car (4)went out of control
(5)in control of the area (6)has been brought under control词语归纳 A7．The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法是人们在吃饭时候把这种病毒吸入了体内。
John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
约翰·斯诺建议所有的供水源都要经过检测。absorb v. 吸收(液体，光，声等)；
汲取， 理解(知识等); 合并(公司等)；吞并
be absorbed in: 全神贯注于即学即练 A完成下列句子。
(1)Cotton cloth________(吸水)．
(2)So many ideas! It’s too much for me___(一下全部理解)．
(3)The old man______________(全神贯注地读这本书)．
(4)Small businesses________(被大公司吞并)．(1)absorbs water
(2)to absorb them all at once
(3)was totally absorbed in the book
(4)are absorbed by big companies词语归纳 Bsuggest 作“表明、暗示”解释时，它后面的宾语从句用陈述语气，即需根据具体情况选择不同的谓语形式， 如第一句中的absorbed。suggest 作“建议”解释时，它后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语是should ＋动词原形， should可以省略，如第二句中的(should)be examined，其前省略了should。即学即练 B用所给动词的适当形式填空。
(1)What he said suggested that he ________(be) the right person for the job.
(2)The smile on his face suggested that he___ (feel) happy if he could die for his country.
(3)Mr.White suggested that another meeting ________(hold) to discuss the problem.
(4)I suggest that you _____(take) a camera with you. (1)was (2)would feel (3)(should) be held
(4)(should) take8．...the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in 10 days.
霍乱流行得很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。
severe adj.严厉的，苛刻的，严重的，疼痛剧烈的
a severe master 苛刻的主人
a severe attack of toothache牙痛的剧烈发作
He is severe with himself.＝He is strict with himself.
他严格要求自己。即学即练 完成下列句子。
(1)_____(剧烈的肚痛) made him forget to tell the news to me.
(2)My uncle _______(变得严厉起来) when I was late.
(3)I was impressed by his __________(严谨的推理)．
(4)We are suffering from a _________(严重缺乏燃料)．(1) A severe attack of stomachache
(2) became severe (3) severe reasoning
(4) severe shortage of fuel 词语链接9．It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来霍乱的流行要归罪与饮水了。 blame v．& n．责备(怪)，埋怨；归咎，责任归于
blame sb.for (doing) sth.责怪某人做了某事
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
bear the blame 承担责任
Sb.or sth.is to blame for...
某人/某事应负……的责任；……是……的起因即学即练完成下列句子
(1)你不能责怪任何人。
________________________________________
(2)我们瞧不起他，因为他是一个做了错事而不愿承担责任的人。
We looked down upon him because he was a person ________ when he did something wrong.(1)You can’t blame anyone.
(2)unwilling to bear the blame (3)他们把此次行动失败归咎于乔治。
They________ George________ the failure of the action.
Or: They________ the failure of the action ________George.
(4)造成这次欧洲最严重的失业该政策应负部分责任。
The policy is partly _______causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
(5)本次停电事故的起因是一场暴风雷。
A snowstorm ________for the power cut.(3)blamed , for/ blamed, on
(4)to blame for (5)was to blame10．Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.
其次，约翰·斯诺调查了这条街的水源情况。
look into “调查”，相当于“investigate”;此外，还有“向·····里面看，窥视”等意思。即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)The committee______________(正在调查) the cause of the accident.
(2)Five times a day she would________________________________________________________________________(1)is looking into (2)look into the letter-box词语链接11．In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦另一个地方，他发现有两个死亡的病例，与宽街爆发霍乱有关，而这证实了他的想法。link v. 连接 n．联系．相关
link A. to/with B. 把……与……连接起来
be linked by 由……连接起来选用上述词语完成下列句子。
(1)这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。
The two towns__________________.
This town_____________ by a railway.
A railway links______________.
(2)吸烟和肺癌之间密切相关。
There is ________between smoking and lung cancer.(1)are linked by a railway/ is linked to that one/ the two towns together
(2)a close link即学即练12．With these extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainy that polluted water carried the virus.
有了这个证据，约翰．斯诺就能肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
(1)evidence不可数名词
We have collected a lot of evdience to prove that you are the murderer.
我们收集到大量的证据证明你就是杀人犯。词语链接announce v .宣布，宣告
announcer n. 播音员 ，宣告者
announcerment n. 宣告，发表，声明即学即练选用上述单词填空。
(1)I want to be an________ when I grow up.
(2)Have you read today's ________？
(3)It ________ that out team has won the match.(1)announcer (2)announcement (3)is announced13．长难句结构分析
(1)But he(主语) became(系动词) inspired(表语) when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera(状语从句)．
但当他想到要帮助面临霍乱的普通老百姓时，他便为之振奋。
(people exposed to cholera等于people who were exposed to cholera。)
(2)A woman(主语)，who had moved away from Broad Street (woman的定语从句)，liked(谓语) the water from the pump(宾语) so much(状语) that she had it delivered to her house every day ( 结果状语从句)．
有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢宽街的井水，每天都要人从该水井打水运到家里。即学即练模仿造句， 并分析句子成分。
(1)当他想到要和他深爱的女友见面时，他异常兴奋。
(2)那个女孩英语很好， 她讲得太快以致听懂的人寥寥无几。(1)He (主语) became(系动词) excited(表语) when he thought about meeting his girl friend loved deeply by him.( 状语从句)
(2)The girl ( 主语), whose English was very good (定语从句), spoke(谓语) English (宾语) so fast (状语) that few understood her (结果状语从句)．一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．________(scientific) has told us how atoms are made up.
2．Teaching young children is a ________(challenge) job.
3．The kids were completely ________(absorb) in their game.
4．Please_______ (analysis) the case according to the fact.
5．The new agency is responsible for controlling air_______ (pollute)．
6．I tried to follow her_______ (instruct), but I got confused.
7．Haven’t you heard the_______ (announce)? We’re to have a holiday tomorrow.1．Science 2.challenging 3.absorbed 4.analyze
5．pollution 6.instructions 7.announcement 二、词语活用
1．用与conclusion相关的词语完成下列小段落。
As he doubted your (1)________， he made another two experiments and (2)________a different (3)________from the results of his experiments. He (4)________ that you’ve (5)________ a wrong (6)________and wrote a report about his discovery.(7)________， he wrote that we should not (8)________ before we carry out a thorough research.(1)conclusion (2)arrived at/reached/drew (3)conclusion
(4)Concluded (5)made/drawn (6)conclusion
(7)In conclusion (8)jump to a conclusion2．用bear the blame，blame sb.for sth., blame sth.on sb.，be to blame完成下列小片段。
After the accident, some people(1)______________________(责怪杰克没有关电)．Others (2)______________________(把事故归咎于乔治)．But George said he would not (3)______________________(承担责任)because it was the snowstorm that (4)____________________(才是罪魁祸首)．(1)blamed Jack for not turning off the electricity
(2)blamed it on George
(3)bear the blame (4)was to blame3．请模仿上述两题， 用in control of, out of control, under the control of等词组自编一个小段落。
__________________________________The director was in control of the business, that is, the business was under the control of the director. So when the director was ill, the whole business went out of control.三、 动词专练
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1．________(draw) a conclusion in such a hurry may result in serious mistakes.
2．Those______ (expose) to the war are looking forward to peace.
3．John Snow became______ (inspire) when he thought of helping the poor.
4．It seemed that the bad weather was_______ (blame)．
5．The disease quickly attacks the body and soon the_______ (affect) person dies.1．Drawing 2.exposed 3.inspired 4.to blame 5．affected6．________(determine) to kill cholera, John Snow did a lot of research work.
7．The two women drank the ________(pollute) water and soon died of the strange disease.
8．The bell rang，________(announce) the end of the class.
9．Experts suggested that young people ________(instruct) to be responsible for their behaviors.
10．________(foresee) what will happen in the future, you must make a thorough study on the past.6.Determined 7.polluted 8.announcing
9．(should) be instructed 10.To foresee四、将下列句子译成英语。
1．喜欢看故事书的汤姆，被这本书如此吸引着，以致叫人替他做了作业。
______________________________________________
2．想到自己有被提升为让他人羡慕的经理时，他就高兴得睡不着觉。
__________________________________
3．是谁提出这个建议的？
__________________________________
1．Tom, who liked reading story books, was so absorbed in the book that he had his homework done.
2．He was too happy to fall asleep when he thought about being promoted as manager admired by others.
3．Who put forward this suggestion?祝您学业有成课件18张PPT。Great scientists第五学时 Writing 1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(P2)
人们既不知道它的病原，也不知道它的治疗方法。
neither...nor... 既不……又不
该结构是把两个否定的概念结合在一起，表示“既不……也不”， neither和nor之后往往接同类的词语，以求得句法上的正确和平衡。
Neither the doctor nor the nurse was in the sick room at that moment.
当时医生和护士都不在病房里。即学即练完成下列句子。
我既不抽烟，也不喝酒。
(1)I________ smoke ________ drink.
(2)我既不信那证人的话，也不信那警察的话。
I believed_______________________________.(1)neither，nor
(2)neither the witness nor the policeman2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(P2)
每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死。
every time, each time是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”，如：
Every time/ each time I come this way, I call on him.
每当来这边我都去拜访他。即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)每次我见到他，都为他的聪颖倾倒。
______________________， I was overcome with his brilliance.
(2)每当我陷入困境时，都是马老师来帮我。
It was Mr.Ma who would come to help me ________________________.(1)Every time I saw him
(2)every time /each time I was in trouble3．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(P7)
只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
only if 只有；只要。only 引导一个状语位于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。
Only if I get a job can I have enough money to continue my studies at college.
只有我找到工作，我才能赚钱继续大学学业。即学即练完成下列句子。
(1)只有当你告诉我约翰是一名著名教授时，我才知道他非常成功。
___________ that John was a famous professor_____ he had been very successful.
(2)只有通过经常练习， 你的英语才能讲得流利。
________ you practice constantly______ able to speak English well.(1)Only when you told me，did I know
(2)Only if，will you be用上述句型翻译下列小片段。
每当我们讨论发展这个城市的计划时，李先生既不提出任何建议，也不对别人的建议提任何意见。而王先生却总是建议先发展经济。他说， 只有我们有钱了，才有可能做好其它工作。
________________________________________________________________________Every time we discussed the plans to develop our city, Mr. Li neither put forward any suggestions, nor did he made any comment on others’ ideas. But Mr. Wang always suggested that we should develop our economy first, saying only when/only if we had enough money could we do other things well.如何写好描述伟人的记叙文
技巧点拨
写伟人时，要抓住其出生时间、地点、主要事迹、人们的评价等进行叙述。全文一般分为三部分：伟人的出生时间、地点或家庭背景；伟人的主要经历、事迹和成就；人们对伟人的评价、或个人的感受。
下笔前必先审题。审题时要确定文体(描写伟人的记叙文)、确定时态(一般用过去式，最后的评价部分用一般现在时)、确定人称(第三人称)、确定写作要点(根据题目要求)。常用句型
1．Born on...，in...，sb.do sth.on...(月、日、年sb.＋v.)
2．When...was...years old，he.../At the age of...，he...
3．He majored in...in...university./He received a doctor's degree in...
4．He didn't have much schooling because...
5．He made great contribution to.../He made great achievements...
6．He is considered as/to be...活学活用
请根据下表内容， 以Albert Einstein 为题写一篇记叙文。Albert Einstein
On March 14,1879，Albert Einstein was born into a worker's family in Ulm，Germany.
He started to teach himself Advanced Mathematics at the age of 12 and received his doctor's degree in 1905.Then he began his research，which led to his famous Theory of Relativity. In 1921，he won the Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1933，he had to leave Germany for political reasons. He had been to France，Belgium and Britain before he settled in America，where he started teaching in the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton. In 1940，he became an American citizen. He died of disease on April 18,1955 in Princeton.
Having made great contributions to the development of science， Einstein is considered to be one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.祝您学业有成课件19张PPT。Great scientists第四学时 Grammar 过去分词作定语和表语
一、学习过去分词作定语，同学们应该着重注意以下几点：
1．单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之前，如：
polluted water, broken vase, the affected person
It is an organized activity.
这是一次有组织的活动。
注：单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。(1)He is one of those kidnapped.
他是那些被绑架的人之一。
(2)There was nobody invited here.
这儿没有人被邀请。
(3)There’s almost nothing changed since I left the village two years ago.
自我两年前离开以来，这个村几乎没有什么变化。2．过去分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
(1)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但是他一想到要帮助那些霍乱病患者时，就变得很振奋。
(2)The boy named Tom is my brother.
那个名叫汤姆的男孩是我弟弟。3．过去分词作定语与定语从句的关系。
(1)及物动词的过去分词表示已完成的动作，且含有被动意义，可转换为谓语动词为被动形式的定语从句。如：
A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.(＝A letter which/that was posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.)
今天寄出的信他后天就能收到。
(2)部分不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作已完成，不含有被动意义，可转换为谓语动词为完成时态的定语从句。如：
①He is a retired worker.(＝ He is a worker who has retired.)他是一个退休工人。
②We saw the risen sun, full of hope.(＝We saw the sun which/that had risen, full of hope.)我们看着已升起的太阳，心中充满了希望。
a returned sailor ＝ a sailor who has returned
退役士兵
developed countries＝countries which have developed 发达国家
③You can see many fallen leaves on the ground.
你可以看到地上有很多落叶。
④We can’t drink boiling water, but we can drink boiled water.
我们不能喝正开的水，但可以喝开水。二、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。
用作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成或主语的状态。此时的过去分词相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短语。
The book is broken.那书破了。
The house is crowded.这房子很拥挤。
All the mountains are covered with snow.
群山被积雪覆盖。
表示感觉的一些过去分词(disappointed，excited，surprised，pleased等)及其他一些过去分词(lost，known，married，bent，dressed，drunk，devoted，recovered，separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表状态，毫无被动意义。此时后面多跟at, with, in, from等介词短语。
As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends.
当我们加入人群后，我跟我的朋友们失散了。
Our car got trapped in the mud.
我们的车陷在泥中．
Later they found that they were lost.
后来他们发现迷路了。
The happy time is gone forever.
那快乐时光一去不复返了。一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1．The guests left the hall, leaving the dishes ____
(touch)．Later we know that they didn’t like the food ____(cook) that way.
2．________(surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
3．When ________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.1．untouched, cooked 2.Surprised 3．comparing 4．Several new events ________ (add) to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games are popular in Asia.
5．The ________(excite) people shouted at the top of their voice, but no one knew why they stopped all the shouting and became________ (disappoint) all at once.
6．No matter how frequently ________(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
7．The wild mountains ________ (cover) with deep snow looked charming.4.added 5.excited, disappointed
6．performed 7.covered8．Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ________(give) to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
9．________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
10．The temple ________(build) almost 2,000 years ago needs repairing.8.given 9.Blamed 10.built二、用过去分词形式完成下列句子。
1．我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
We’ll go to visit the bridge_____________________.
2．你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？
Why do you always_________________________?
Do you sleep well these days?1．built hundreds of years ago
2.look so tired3．我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。
I _____________________ the film I saw last night，
I had expected it to be better.
4．听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。
Everybody ________to hear the death of the famous film star.
5．要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。
The children __________________going to the zoo.3．was disappointed with 4.was shocked
5．are really excited about6．他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。
His wound _______________________ a new virus.
7．我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊！
How I regretted the hours_____________________!
8．我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
I like wearing clothes________________________.6.became infected with
7．wasted in the woods
8.made of this kind of cloth9．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。
The books ________________________________.
10．丢了钱他自责不已。
He _________________about losing the money.9．written by Lu Xun are popular
10.got blamed三、语法填空
(1)________(affect) by the lightning, the electricity system in our school hall was out of order and the ball (2) _______(hold) by the Students’ Union had to stop. For the sake of safety, students were told to remain (3) ________(seat), for workers would soon have the (4) ________(damage) system (5) ______(fix)．1．Affected 2.being held/held 3.seated
4.damaged 5．fixed After a while, everything was OK and the students continued singing and dancing. When (6) ________(ask) to dance, Mary felt (7) _____ (embarrass) and she stood there, (8)___(root) to the spot. All the audience began to clap to encourage her. Greatly (9) ________(inspire) by their encouragement, Mary began to dance to the music (10) ________(play) by the band. Never in her life had she danced so beautifully! 6.asked 7.embarrassed 8.rooted
9．inspired 10.played祝您学业有成
