中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第十二讲 被动语态
备考2023年中考英语三年中考两年模拟复习学案
被动语态是历年来中考的考点之一。在备考被动语态时，我们一定要彻底地弄明白，英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。被动语态的考题一般出现在单线选择、完型填空和句型转换中。
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am/is/are+taught
一般过去时：was/were+taught
一般将来时：will/shall be+taught
现在进行时：am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时：have/has been+taught
现在完成时：have/has been+taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：
We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题：
①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)
②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)
③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)
④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：
He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)
He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)
句型转换中主动语态变被动语态的方法：
在句型转换中主动语态变被动语态我们一定要按“一变二套三注意”
一变 变主动为被动或变被动为主动时 ，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成“be + 过去分词”。
如：We grew a tree yesterday. →A tree was grown yesterday by us.
二套 被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/ is/ are（一般现在时）；was/ were （一般过去时）；have/ has been( 现在完成时)；am/ is/are being （现在进行时）等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。
例如：The flowers are being watered by them. 他们正在浇花。
The plan has been found by me. 钢笔已经被我找到了。
Homework must be finished first. 必须要先完成作业。
三注意
① 句中含有双宾语如give/ buy sb sth 时，一般要把间接宾语（sb）变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语( sth ) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的介词有give, show, pass, hand, lend, send 等；常用介词for 的动词有borrow, buy, make 等。
如：The eraser was passed to me at last. 最后，橡皮被传递给了我。
A new toy was bought for me as my birthday present by him.
他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。
② 主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有listen to, take care of, pay attention to 等。
如：We often talk with the old politely. →The old are often talked with politely by us.
③ 主动句中作宾补的不带to的动词不定式，变被动时要加上to.常见的词组有hear/ see sb do sth, make sb do sth 等。
如：we make the boy stand outside.→The boy was made to stand by us.
1．（2020·甘肃兰州·中考真题）My advice on learning English ________.
A．accepted B．is accepted C．accepts D．are accepted
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我的英语学习建议被接受了。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。advice与accept之间是被动关系，即：意见被接受，被动语态结构为be done，advice是不可数名词，此处be动词使用is。故选B。
2．（2020·辽宁大连·中考真题）If the rivers __________, farmers can’t use the water for their crops.
A．polluted B．were polluted C．are polluting D．are polluted
【答案】D
【详解】句意：如果河流受到污染，农民就不能用水种庄稼了。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。rivers和pollute之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态，因此排除A和C，根据“farmers can’t use the water for their crops”可知，主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，所以从句使用一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态结构为is/are done。故选D。
3．（2020·湖南湘潭·中考真题）Chinese tea is very popular, and it ________ to many different parts of the world.
A．is sent B．sends C．has sent
【答案】A
【详解】句意：中国茶很受欢迎，它被送到世界各地。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据题干，可知主语it是动作send的承受者，应用被动语态；又结合句意及“Chinese tea is very popular”可知，用一般现在时被动语态，其结构为am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数，所以be动词用is，send过去分词为sent，故选A。
4．（2020·内蒙古·统考中考真题）It is reported that the new robot ________ by a middle school student three years ago.
A．invented B．invents C．was invented D．is invented
【答案】C
【详解】句意：据报道，这个新机器人是一名中学生三年前发明的。
考查动词的时态和语态。invented一般过去时；invents一般现在时（三单）；was invented一般过去时（三单）的被动语态；is invented一般现在时（三单）的被动语态。结合语境可知，机器人是被人发明出来的，所以本句用被动语态，排除选项A和B；根据句末“three years ago”可知，本句用一般过去时的被动语态，“the new robot”是三单，所以这里用was invented。故选C。
5．（2020·广西贺州·统考中考真题）Your homework must be ________ this morning, or you can’t hand it in on time.
A．finish B．finished C．finishes D．finishing
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你的家庭作业必须今天早晨完成，否则你不能按时上交。
考查动词的语态。主语“Your homework”与动词“finish”之间是被动关系，情态动词“must”后用“be finished”。空处填过去分词finished。故选B。
6．（2020·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）A new high-speed railway station ________ in our city next year.
A．will be completed B．completes C．is completed D．will complete
【答案】A
【详解】句意：明年在我们的城市将要建成一个高铁站。
考查一般将来时被动语态。根据时间词“next year”可知是一般将来时，故排除BC；主语railway station“高铁站”和谓语 complete“完成”之间是被动关系，表示高铁站被建成，故用被动语态，故选A。
7．（2020·山东济南·统考中考真题）The Tokyo 2020 Olympics ________ because of COVID-19 a few months ago.
A．were put off B．will put off
C．are putting of D．are put
【答案】A
【详解】句意：由于新冠肺炎的原因，2020年东京奥运会在几个月前被推迟。
考查一般过去时被动语态。主语Tokyo 2020 Olympics与谓语动词put off之间是被动关系，且a few months ago是一般过去时标志词，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。
8．（2020·四川巴中·统考中考真题）Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she ________ to take medicine on time.
A．told B．is told C．was told D．has told
【答案】C
【详解】句意：吉娜昨天去看了医生，被告知要按时吃药。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“yesterday”可知句子讲述的是过去的动作，主语“she”与动词“告诉”之间是被动关系，用一般过去时态的被动形式was told。故选C。
9．（2020·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）The last BeiDou navigation satellite(北斗导航卫星) __________successfully last month.
A．was sent up B．sent up C．has sent up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：最后一颗北斗导航卫星上个月成功发射。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据题干中“last month”，可知该句时态是一般过去时，主语“BeiDou navigation satellite”和谓语“send up”是被动关系，表示被发射，所以用被动语态，其结构是主语+was/were done。故选A。
10．（2020·广西百色·统考中考真题）More trees _____________every year to make our city greener.
A．is planted B．are planted C．was planted D．were planted
【答案】B
【详解】句意：每年更多的树被种植让我们的城市更生机勃勃。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语“More trees”是动作plant的承受者，所以应用被动语态，再根据“every year”可知，是一般现在时的被动语态，主语“More trees”表复数，故选B。
11．（2021·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）—More trees need to be planted in the northwest of China
—Yes. With enough trees, sandstorms（沙尘暴）could ________.
A．protect B．be protected C．stop D．be stopped
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——中国西北部需要种植更多的树木。——是的。有了足够的树木，沙尘暴就可以被阻止。
考查情态动词的被动语态以及动词辨析。protect保护；stop停止。根据“With enough trees, sandstorms（沙尘暴）could”可知，有了足够的树，沙尘暴才可以被阻止，主语“sandstorms”与谓语动词“stop”是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动语态；又因题空前“could”可知，这里是情态动词的被动语态，结构是“情态动词+be done”。故选D。
12．（2021·四川资阳·统考中考真题）Tianwen 1 ________ into space last year and landed successfully on Mars recently.
A．sent B．is sent C．was sent D．had sent
【答案】C
【详解】句意：天问一号去年发射升空，最近成功登陆火星。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。结合时间状语last year可知本句用一般过去时；主语“天问一号”和谓语动词“发送”是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，其结构为be done。故选C。
13．（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou in September 2022. I can’t wait!
A．were held B．will be held C．have held D．are held
【答案】B
【详解】句意：第十九届亚运会将于2022年9月在杭州举行，我等不及了。
考查一般将来时的被动语态 。根据题干，可知主语“The 19th Asian Games”（第十九届亚运会）和其谓语“hold”（举行）之间是被动关系，且题干时间状语“in September 2022”表示的语境是将来时态，因此设空处应用一般将来时态的被动语态，即will be held符合语境，故选B。
14．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）In the year of 2020, each of us ________ by the people like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan who taught us how to fight against the difficulties in life with a strong will.
A．were greatly encouraged B．greatly encourages
C．greatly encouraged D．was greatly encouraged
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在2020年，我们每个人都受到钟南山、李兰娟等人的鼓舞，他们教会我们如何以坚强的意志与生活中的困难作斗争。
考查被动语态。根据“by the people like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan”可知，主语“each of us”与动词“encourage”是被动关系，且时间状语“in the year of 2020”是一般过去时标志词，句子应用被动语态was/were done的机构，each of修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故选D。
15．（2021·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）More dinosaur fossils(化石), including footprints, bones or eggs, could ________ in the future.
A．discover B．be discovered C．have discovered D．be discovering
【答案】B
【详解】句意：未来可能会发现更多的恐龙化石，包括脚印、骨头或蛋。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语More dinosaur fossils是动作discover的承受者，用含有情态动词could的被动语态表示。故选B。
16．（2021·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）This TV program discusses where the best tea leaves ________.
A．were produced B．have produced C．produced
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这个电视节目讨论最好的茶叶是在哪里生产的。
考查一般过去时被动语态。主语the best tea leaves与produce是被动关系，且“茶叶生产”这个动作是发生在过去，故从句要用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选A。
17．（2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）—Sir, I have trouble doing the voluntary work for the 20th Games of Jiangsu Province in Taizhou.
一Don’t worry. A lot of support ________ soon.
A．is offered B．will be offered C．was offered D．were offered
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——先生，我在泰州参加江苏省第20届运动会的志愿工作有困难。——别担心。很快就会提供大量的支持。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据句意，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；再结合时间状语“soon”可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态，构成形式为：will be done；offer的过去分词是offered。故选B。
18．（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—I to give a speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.
—Lucky you!
A．was chosen B．am chosen C．will be chosen
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——昨天我被选在毕业典礼上演讲。——你真幸运！
考查时态和语态。根据“yesterday”可知用一般过去时，主语“I”是被选中去做演讲，用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were done。故选A。
19．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）Some new airports ________ in the west of our country. It will save our time to go there.
A．build B．will build C．will be built
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我国西部将修建一些新机场。 去那里会节省我们的时间。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“It will save”可知此处讲述的是将来的动作，主语airports与动词build之间是被动关系，表示“将被建”用will be built。故选C。
20．（2021·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）Now teenagers ________ to do voluntary work for their local commodities.
A．are encouraged B．were encouraged C．have encouraged D．are encouraging
【答案】A
【详解】句意：现在鼓励青少年为当地的商品做义工。
考查被动语态。句子主语teenagers与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除C/D选项；陈述事实用一般现在时的被动，结构是“am/is/are+done”，故选A。
21．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）Our school held the graduation ceremony last Friday. All the parents ________ to cheer us up.
A．are invited B．were invited C．will be invited
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们学校上周五举行了毕业典礼。所有的家长都被邀请来给我们打气。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last Friday”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是动作的承受者，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
22．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The second “Tiangong Lecture” kicked off! Bing Dwen Dwen ________ a teaching tool!
A．is used for B．was used for C．is used as D．was used as
【答案】D
【详解】句意：第二届“天宫讲座”拉开帷幕！冰墩墩被用作教学工具！
考查动词短语和时态。be used for被用于做某事，表示用途；be used as被用作……，表示身份或工具。根据“kicked”可知时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，排除A，C；结合“Bing Dwen Dwen ... a teaching tool!”可知，冰墩墩被当作教学工具使用，故选D。
23．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）Spud Webb ________ at first because of his height, but he didn’t lose heart.
A．refuses B．refused C．was refused D．will be refused
【答案】C
【详解】句意：斯普德·韦伯最初因为身高而被拒绝，但他没有灰心。
考查被动语态。主语Spud Webb与动词refuse之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，即他被拒绝，故为被动语态。结合“but he didn’t lose heart.”可知，时态是一般过去时，故为一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were done。故选C。
24．（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）—Do you think junior high school students ________ to get their ears pierced
—No, I don’t think so. It is against the school rules.
A．should allow B．allow C．have allowed D．should be allowed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你认为初中学生应该被允许打耳洞吗？——不，我不这么认为。这是违反校规的。
考查被动语态。主语students和动词allow之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选D。
25．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Li Yan ________ to the welcome party yesterday.
A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．will invite
【答案】C
【详解】句意：李燕被邀请参加昨天的欢迎会。
考查一般过去时被动语态。根据yesterday可知，此句是一般过去时，主语Li Yan与动词invite之间是被动语态，故此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选C。
26．（2022·广西百色·中考真题）Chinese _________ by more and more people in the world.
A．speak B．speaks C．is speaking D．is spoken
【答案】D
【详解】句意：世界上讲汉语的人越来越多。
考查语态。句子主语Chinese与动词speak之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，故选D。
27．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）His guitar ________ as a gift for him last week.
A．buys B．is bought C．bought D．was bought
【答案】D
【详解】句意：他的吉他是上周买给他的礼物。
考查时态和语态。主语“His guitar”与动词buy之间是动宾关系，结合“last week”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。故选D。
28．（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）Some groups _______ prizes on April 15, 2022 by the Central Committee of the CYLC（共青团中央）.
A．were given B．were giving C．will be given
【答案】A
【详解】句意：2022年4月15日，部分团体被共青团中央颁奖。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“Some groups”和谓语“give给”之间是被动关系，根据“on April 15, 2022”可知用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选A。
29．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world today.
A．learns B．learned C．was learned D．is learned
【答案】D
【详解】句意：今天，世界上越来越多的人学习汉语。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“Chinese...by more and more people ”可知，汉语是被人们学习，所以用被动语态，结合today可知，用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are done）。故选D。
30．（2022·江苏南京·统考中考真题）It's said that an Asian Culture Village__________ inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.
A．builds B．is building C．will be built D．was built
【答案】C
【详解】句意：据说，在即将来临的亚洲青年运动会期间，要在南京亚运村里面建一座亚洲文化村。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in the coming Asian Youth Games period”可知，描述的是将要发生的动作，从句主语是动作的承受者，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。
31．（2021·江苏南通·统考一模）—Music and art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. Is it true
—I am not sure. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them.
A．will pay B．will be paid C．pays D．is paid
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——音乐和艺术将参加高中入学考试。这是真的吗？——我不确定。但别担心。如果对它们给予更多的关注，没有什么是困难的。
考查被动语态。主句“ Nothing will be difficult”是一般将来时，根据if引导条件状语从句“主将从现”的原则，结合主语“more attention”与谓语动词“pay”是动宾关系，可知从句用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
32．（2021·广西河池·统考三模）— A talk on how to keep safe at school ________ by Mr. Li. I am looking forward to it.
— So am I.
A．gave B．will give C．was given D．will be given
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——李先生将做一个关于如何在学校保持安全的报告。我很期待它。——我也是。
考查一般将来时态的被动语态。根据“by Mr. Li”可知，是一个被动语态，排除选项A、B；再者根据“I am looking forward to it.”可知，是一般将来时态的被动语态；故选D。
33．（2021·广西南宁·校考三模）Chinese ________ as a foreign language in many schools in other countries now.
A．was taught B．is taught C．teaches D．taught
【答案】B
【详解】句意：现在其他国家的许多学校都把汉语作为外语来教。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语Chinese和谓语动词teach之间是被动关系，结合“now”可知是一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done，故选B。
34．（2021·吉林·统考一模）The kite __________ in China more than 2,000 years ago.
A．invents B．invented C．was invented
【答案】C
【详解】句意：风筝是2000多年前在中国发明的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“2,000 years ago”可知，此题时态为一般过去时。又因为“The kite”和动词“invent”之间是被动的关系，故应该用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done。主语为The kite，故空格处应该用was done的形式。故选C。
35．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考二模）The environment in my hometown is changing because many trees ________ here every year.
A．planted B．are planted C．were planted
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我家乡的环境正在改变，因为每年这里都种了很多树。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。本题从句的主语“many trees”和谓语动词“plant”之间是被动关系，又根据“every year.”可知，从句是一般现在时，因此这里是一般现在时的被动语态，结构是“be done”，又因主语是复数，因此be动词是are，plant过去分词是planted。故选B。
36．（2021·湖北武汉·统考一模）— Students ________a few why and how questions in Ms. Chen’s class, did you notice that
— Yes, I think she wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.
A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——在陈老师的课上，学生们被问到一些“为什么”和“如何”的问题，你注意到了吗？——是的。我认为她想要训练他们的深度思考能力。
考查被动语态。根据“...did you notice that ”可知此句时态是一般过去时，students与ask之间是被动关系，因此是一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
37．（2021·贵州铜仁·统考三模）—Mom, may I watch the movie Operation Red Sea this evening
—Of course, if your homework ________.
A．finished B．will finish C．is finished D．was finished
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——妈妈，今天晚上我能看电影《红海行动》吗？——当然，如果你的作业写完了。
考查被动语态。homework与finish之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，排除A和B；if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，因此是一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
38．（2021·福建泉州·泉州五中校考模拟预测）Three astronauts to space aboard our country’s new space station later this month.
A．carry B．is carried C．will be carried
【答案】C
【详解】句意：本月底，三名宇航员将进入太空，登上我国新的空间站。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。由“later this month.”可知时态为一般将来时；主语Three astronauts与动词carry之间是被动关系，这里用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选C。
39．（2021·河北唐山·统考一模）Many people ________ to stay in the places where they work to spend New Year because of the COVID-19 this year.
A．were asked B．are asked C．asked D．were asking
【答案】A
【详解】句意：由于今年的新冠肺炎疫情，许多人被要求留在工作地度过新年。
考查被动语态。were asked被要求，一般过去时的被动语态；are asked被要求，一般现在时的被动语态；asked要求，动词过去式；were asking正在问，过去进行时。根据“Many people...to stay in the places”可知，此处指“被要求留在工作地”，要用被动语态，根据语境可知，事情发生在过去某个时间，时态为一般过去时。故选A。
40．（2021·安徽池州·统考二模）All of us should follow the traffic rules, or we ________ by the traffic police.
A．are punished B．will be punished C．were punished D．have been punished
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们所有人都应该遵守交通规则，否则我们将会被交通警察惩罚。
考查被动语态。根据句意和语境可知，我们将会被交通警察惩罚，“we”和“punish”是被动关系，且时态用一般将来时。故选B。
41．（2022·河北保定·校考一模）This book ________ by a young writer. Both my best friend and I liked it when we were young.
A．was written B．wrote C．writes D．is written
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这本书是一位年轻作家写的。我和我最好的朋友小时候都喜欢它。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据空格后“by a young writer”可知，空格处应用被动语态，B、C选项可排除。根据下文“Both my best friend and I liked it when we were young”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
42．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第六十九中学校校考二模）—Do you know when the XXIV Winter Olympic Games ________
—________ February 4th, 2022.
A．was held, On B．held, In C．has held, On
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你知道第二十四届冬季奥运会是什么时候举行的吗？——在2022年2月4日。
考查被动语态以及介词辨析。on在某一天；in在某年某月某季节。第一个句子的主语和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done；第二个空后是具体某一天，用介词on。故选A。
43．（2022·广西贵港·统考三模）—Wow, there is a new club in your school.
—It ________ at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.
A．starts B．is started C．has started D．was started
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——哇，你们学校有一个新俱乐部。——它于今年年初成立，现在有许多成员。
考查被动语态。主语It（club）和动词start之间构成被动关系，应该用被动语态；根据“at the beginning of this year”可知时态是一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+done，故选D。
44．（2022·青海玉树·校考一模）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from Sep. 10 to 25, 2022.
A．held B．is held C．will be held
【答案】C
【详解】句意：第19届亚运会将于2022年9月10日至25日在杭州举行。
考查被动语态。主语The 19th Asian Games与动词hold之间是被动关系，故此处应用被动语态的结构，结合时间状语“Sep. 10 to 25, 2022”可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态，故选C。
45．（2022·四川成都·统考二模）Sharks should ________ to keep the balance of ecosystem.
A．be protected B．protect C．have protected
【答案】A
【详解】句意：鲨鱼应该受到保护，以保持生态系统的平衡。
考查语态。句子主语“Sharks”与动词之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，should是情态动词，此处用情态动词的被动结构， 故选A。
46．（2022·江苏镇江·统考模拟预测）Gu Ailing ________ in both China and many other countries because of her amazing skiing skills.
A．remembers B．is remembered C．is remembering D．remembered
【答案】B
【详解】句意：谷爱凌在中国和许多其他国家都因其惊人的滑雪技巧而被铭记。
考查动词时态及被动语态。“谷爱凌”和动词“remember”之间存在被动关系，即谷爱凌被记住，故为被动语态；此处陈述客观事实，应为一般现在时，故此处是一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
47．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）—Claudia, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday
—Unless I ________.
A．invited B．will be invited C．was inviting D．am invited
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——克劳迪娅，你周六会去杰夫的生日派对吗？——除非我被邀请了。
考查被动语态。主语“I”和动词“invite”存在被动关系，要用被动语态；再根据“Unless I...”可知，此处省略了主句；unless引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”，因此此处要用一般现在时的被动语态be done；主语为“I”，be动词用am，invite的过去分词为invited。故选D。
48．（2022·山东青岛·青岛三十九中校考二模）The words that we should pay attention to ________ on the blackboard.
A．being written B．are written C．is writing D．be written
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们应该注意的单词被写在黑板上。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语“The words”和谓语动词“write”是被动关系，所以此句应用被动语态，排除A和C；主语“The words”是复数，be动词应用are。故选B。
49．（2022·湖北武汉·三模）During the Tang Dynasty nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A．is found B．has been found C．must be found D．could be found
【答案】D
【详解】句意：唐朝时期，世界上生产的几乎所有东西都可以在长安的大街上被找到。
考查被动语态。根据“During the Tang Dynasty”可知，用一般过去时态，且主语与动词find是被动关系，此处说明“东西能够被找到”，所以使用could be found。故选D。
50．（2022·云南昆明·统考二模）—When did you take these photos
—The photos ________ a few days ago in memory of the graduation.
A．take B．took C．was taken D．were taken
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你什么时候拍的这些照片？——这些照片是几天前为纪念毕业而拍摄的。
考查被动语态。主语photos和谓语take之间是被动关系（被拍）；故排除AB；根据“a few days ago”可知“几天前”是一般过去时的标志，且主语photos是复数，故选D。
考点分析
知识梳理
三年中考真题
两年模拟演练
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第十二讲 被动语态
备考2023年中考英语三年中考两年模拟复习学案
被动语态是历年来中考的考点之一。在备考被动语态时，我们一定要彻底地弄明白，英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。被动语态的考题一般出现在单线选择、完型填空和句型转换中。
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am/is/are+taught
一般过去时：was/were+taught
一般将来时：will/shall be+taught
现在进行时：am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时：have/has been+taught
现在完成时：have/has been+taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：
We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题：
①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)
②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)
③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)
④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：
He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)
He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)
句型转换中主动语态变被动语态的方法：
在句型转换中主动语态变被动语态我们一定要按“一变二套三注意”
一变 变主动为被动或变被动为主动时 ，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成“be + 过去分词”。
如：We grew a tree yesterday. →A tree was grown yesterday by us.
二套 被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/ is/ are（一般现在时）；was/ were （一般过去时）；have/ has been( 现在完成时)；am/ is/are being （现在进行时）等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。
例如：The flowers are being watered by them. 他们正在浇花。
The plan has been found by me. 钢笔已经被我找到了。
Homework must be finished first. 必须要先完成作业。
三注意
① 句中含有双宾语如give/ buy sb sth 时，一般要把间接宾语（sb）变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语( sth ) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的介词有give, show, pass, hand, lend, send 等；常用介词for 的动词有borrow, buy, make 等。
如：The eraser was passed to me at last. 最后，橡皮被传递给了我。
A new toy was bought for me as my birthday present by him.
他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。
② 主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有listen to, take care of, pay attention to 等。
如：We often talk with the old politely. →The old are often talked with politely by us.
③ 主动句中作宾补的不带to的动词不定式，变被动时要加上to.常见的词组有hear/ see sb do sth, make sb do sth 等。
如：we make the boy stand outside.→The boy was made to stand by us.
1．（2020·甘肃兰州·中考真题）My advice on learning English ________.
A．accepted B．is accepted C．accepts D．are accepted
2．（2020·辽宁大连·中考真题）If the rivers __________, farmers can’t use the water for their crops.
A．polluted B．were polluted C．are polluting D．are polluted
3．（2020·湖南湘潭·中考真题）Chinese tea is very popular, and it ________ to many different parts of the world.
A．is sent B．sends C．has sent
4．（2020·内蒙古·统考中考真题）It is reported that the new robot ________ by a middle school student three years ago.
A．invented B．invents C．was invented D．is invented
5．（2020·广西贺州·统考中考真题）Your homework must be ________ this morning, or you can’t hand it in on time.
A．finish B．finished C．finishes D．finishing
6．（2020·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）A new high-speed railway station ________ in our city next year.
A．will be completed B．completes C．is completed D．will complete
7．（2020·山东济南·统考中考真题）The Tokyo 2020 Olympics ________ because of COVID-19 a few months ago.
A．were put off B．will put off
C．are putting of D．are put
8．（2020·四川巴中·统考中考真题）Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she ________ to take medicine on time.
A．told B．is told C．was told D．has told
9．（2020·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）The last BeiDou navigation satellite(北斗导航卫星) __________successfully last month.
A．was sent up B．sent up C．has sent up
10．（2020·广西百色·统考中考真题）More trees _____________every year to make our city greener.
A．is planted B．are planted C．was planted D．were planted
11．（2021·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）—More trees need to be planted in the northwest of China
—Yes. With enough trees, sandstorms（沙尘暴）could ________.
A．protect B．be protected C．stop D．be stopped
12．（2021·四川资阳·统考中考真题）Tianwen 1 ________ into space last year and landed successfully on Mars recently.
A．sent B．is sent C．was sent D．had sent
13．（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou in September 2022. I can’t wait!
A．were held B．will be held C．have held D．are held
14．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）In the year of 2020, each of us ________ by the people like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan who taught us how to fight against the difficulties in life with a strong will.
A．were greatly encouraged B．greatly encourages
C．greatly encouraged D．was greatly encouraged
15．（2021·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）More dinosaur fossils(化石), including footprints, bones or eggs, could ________ in the future.
A．discover B．be discovered C．have discovered D．be discovering
16．（2021·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）This TV program discusses where the best tea leaves ________.
A．were produced B．have produced C．produced
17．（2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）—Sir, I have trouble doing the voluntary work for the 20th Games of Jiangsu Province in Taizhou.
一Don’t worry. A lot of support ________ soon.
A．is offered B．will be offered C．was offered D．were offered
18．（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—I to give a speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.
—Lucky you!
A．was chosen B．am chosen C．will be chosen
19．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）Some new airports ________ in the west of our country. It will save our time to go there.
A．build B．will build C．will be built
20．（2021·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）Now teenagers ________ to do voluntary work for their local commodities.
A．are encouraged B．were encouraged C．have encouraged D．are encouraging
21．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）Our school held the graduation ceremony last Friday. All the parents ________ to cheer us up.
A．are invited B．were invited C．will be invited
22．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The second “Tiangong Lecture” kicked off! Bing Dwen Dwen ________ a teaching tool!
A．is used for B．was used for C．is used as D．was used as
23．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）Spud Webb ________ at first because of his height, but he didn’t lose heart.
A．refuses B．refused C．was refused D．will be refused
24．（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）—Do you think junior high school students ________ to get their ears pierced
—No, I don’t think so. It is against the school rules.
A．should allow B．allow C．have allowed D．should be allowed
25．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Li Yan ________ to the welcome party yesterday.
A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．will invite
26．（2022·广西百色·中考真题）Chinese _________ by more and more people in the world.
A．speak B．speaks C．is speaking D．is spoken
27．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）His guitar ________ as a gift for him last week.
A．buys B．is bought C．bought D．was bought
28．（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）Some groups _______ prizes on April 15, 2022 by the Central Committee of the CYLC（共青团中央）.
A．were given B．were giving C．will be given
29．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world today.
A．learns B．learned C．was learned D．is learned
30．（2022·江苏南京·统考中考真题）It's said that an Asian Culture Village__________ inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.
A．builds B．is building C．will be built D．was built
31．（2021·江苏南通·统考一模）—Music and art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. Is it true
—I am not sure. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them.
A．will pay B．will be paid C．pays D．is paid
32．（2021·广西河池·统考三模）— A talk on how to keep safe at school ________ by Mr. Li. I am looking forward to it.
— So am I.
A．gave B．will give C．was given D．will be given
33．（2021·广西南宁·校考三模）Chinese ________ as a foreign language in many schools in other countries now.
A．was taught B．is taught C．teaches D．taught
34．（2021·吉林·统考一模）The kite __________ in China more than 2,000 years ago.
A．invents B．invented C．was invented
35．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考二模）The environment in my hometown is changing because many trees ________ here every year.
A．planted B．are planted C．were planted
36．（2021·湖北武汉·统考一模）— Students ________a few why and how questions in Ms. Chen’s class, did you notice that
— Yes, I think she wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.
A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked
37．（2021·贵州铜仁·统考三模）—Mom, may I watch the movie Operation Red Sea this evening
—Of course, if your homework ________.
A．finished B．will finish C．is finished D．was finished
38．（2021·福建泉州·泉州五中校考模拟预测）Three astronauts to space aboard our country’s new space station later this month.
A．carry B．is carried C．will be carried
39．（2021·河北唐山·统考一模）Many people ________ to stay in the places where they work to spend New Year because of the COVID-19 this year.
A．were asked B．are asked C．asked D．were asking
40．（2021·安徽池州·统考二模）All of us should follow the traffic rules, or we ________ by the traffic police.
A．are punished B．will be punished C．were punished D．have been punished
41．（2022·河北保定·校考一模）This book ________ by a young writer. Both my best friend and I liked it when we were young.
A．was written B．wrote C．writes D．is written
42．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第六十九中学校校考二模）—Do you know when the XXIV Winter Olympic Games ________
—________ February 4th, 2022.
A．was held, On B．held, In C．has held, On
43．（2022·广西贵港·统考三模）—Wow, there is a new club in your school.
—It ________ at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.
A．starts B．is started C．has started D．was started
44．（2022·青海玉树·校考一模）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from Sep. 10 to 25, 2022.
A．held B．is held C．will be held
45．（2022·四川成都·统考二模）Sharks should ________ to keep the balance of ecosystem.
A．be protected B．protect C．have protected
46．（2022·江苏镇江·统考模拟预测）Gu Ailing ________ in both China and many other countries because of her amazing skiing skills.
A．remembers B．is remembered C．is remembering D．remembered
47．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）—Claudia, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday
—Unless I ________.
A．invited B．will be invited C．was inviting D．am invited
48．（2022·山东青岛·青岛三十九中校考二模）The words that we should pay attention to ________ on the blackboard.
A．being written B．are written C．is writing D．be written
49．（2022·湖北武汉·三模）During the Tang Dynasty nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A．is found B．has been found C．must be found D．could be found
50．（2022·云南昆明·统考二模）—When did you take these photos
—The photos ________ a few days ago in memory of the graduation.
A．take B．took C．was taken D．were taken
考点分析
知识梳理
三年中考真题
两年模拟演练
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