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Unit 4课时跟踪检测（二） Warming Up & Reading — Language Points
Ⅰ.单词拼写或根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1．Is that an authentic (真实的) painting from Picasso, or a modern copy
2．I guess Tom was pretty well satisfied with the outcome (结果) of his efforts.
3．The book is well organized in terms of _plot (情节)．
4．The cathedral has been considered an example of _classic (一流的) design for over a century.
5．He went to New York to seek his fortune (运气)．
6．You are completely mistaken (mistake) about Jane. She is a girl who is friendly to everyone.
7．When you start swimming, the first thing you must learn is how to breathe properly (proper)．
8．No matter how cold it is, my sister will not wear woollen (wool) trousers.
9．Wherever Henry goes, he likes showing off his wealth, and makes others uncomfortable (comfort)．
10. (2017·江苏高考)Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation (adapt)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
make the acquaintance of，be classified as，make remarks on，make a fortune，every time，pass ... off as，in terms of，generally speaking
1．Every_time he comes here, he is attracted by the beauty here.
2．It is said that beer is_classified_as a food product.
3．He made_remarks_on the situation at the meeting and gave some practical advice.
4．According to their agreement, he should pass himself off as a Duke and not betray himself.
5．During my travel to Mount Tai, I made_the_acquaintance_of_ a young girl from Shanghai.
6．We can not make_a_fortune at the expense of morality.
7．Happiness cannot be measured in_terms_of money. Sometimes, a smile from a stranger can make us feel happy.
8．Generally_speaking,_tourists should first visit cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Xi'an.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He made_a_number_of_rude_remarks_on/about the food here.
关于这里的食物他做了许多无礼的评论。
2．I have_some_acquaintance_with that boy, but never talk to him.
我知道那个男孩，不过从来没有跟他说过话。
3．What_if we paint the wall light blue
如果我们把墙涂成浅蓝色，你觉得如何？
4．His occupation condemned_him_to_spend long periods of time away from his family.
他的职业注定使他要长期离开他的家人。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
The origins of the Christmas traditions are the most fascinating of any holiday. All our favorite activities can be traced (追溯) back to specific points in history, and knowing how these things came about just makes celebrating Christmas much more wonderful.
The original Nicholas was born in 280 AD in the small country of Lycia, which is now part of modern Turkey. Nicholas became first a priest (牧师) and then a bishop (主教) in the early Christian church. The first paintings of him show Nicholas wearing the clothes of a Christian bishop — red decorated with white. When we see Santa's suit today, we're still seeing the two kinds of colors.
Nicholas became famous for gift giving. In the early fourth century, a legend began to spread about Nicholas coming at night to the home of three poor girls who did not have money and therefore could not get married. While the girls slept, Nicholas left gold coins in their stockings, which were drying by the fire. That's how the tradition of Santa filling stockings got its start.
In 1841, Santa first appeared at a department store in Philadelphia. This Santa tried to climb down a chimney to impress the children who were watching, but he got stuck halfway down. In 1890, department store Santas began appearing all over America, especially on the East Coast around Boston. Parents in other countries joined together and hired passenger trains to take their families to see these Santas.
At the same time, Ralph E. Morris of the New England Telephone Company suggested that strings of lights be hung on Christmas trees. After all, lights would be much safer than candles. Our modern day image of Santa as a fat man is based on ads of the Coca Cola company in the 1930s. Artist Hans Sundblom used a retired salesman named Les Prentice as his model.
语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为社会文化类。圣诞节传统的起源是所有节日中最吸引人的，人们了解这些起源也是为了使圣诞节过得更美妙。
1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A．Christmas is the most important holiday.
B．The traditions of Christmas are based on facts.
C．There was not any record of Christmas in the past.
D．More and more people begin to celebrate Christmas.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由第一段可知，我们喜欢的任何圣诞节传统都可以追溯到历史上特定的由来，并且知道这些活动是如何产生的。由此可推知，这些传统都是建立在事实之上的。
2．What do we know about Nicholas
A．He set up the first Christian church.
B．He was called Santa Claus when he was born.
C．His clothes are similar to Santa's suit in color.
D．His image is the same as the modern day Santa.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第二段“... red decorated with white. When we see Santa's suit today, we're still seeing the two kinds of colors”可知，尼古拉斯第一批画像中穿着基督教主教的衣服——红色镶有白色的衣服。在如今圣诞老人的装扮中，我们看到的仍然是这两种颜色。
3．Three poor girls are mentioned to ________.
A．prove that Nicholas used to be a rich man
B．tell of the origin of Santa filling stockings
C．show Christmas was set up mainly for the poor
D．describe a famous story in the early fourth century
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第三段“That's how the tradition of Santa filling stockings got its start”可知，提到三个穷苦女孩是为了讲述圣诞老人把礼物放进袜子这一传统的由来。
4．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．Santa didn't become popular until the year 1890.
B．Candles have never been used on Christmas trees.
C．The Coca Cola company designed the image of Santa.
D．Santa began giving gifts by climbing down chimneys in 1841.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，1890年，圣诞老人百货商场盛行于美国，尤其是在波士顿的东海岸。世界各地的家长一起带着家人，坐着租来的旅客列车观赏这些圣诞老人。由此可知，圣诞老人于1890年开始流行。
B
Thomas James Hanson will remember for a long time the snowstorm that hit the state of New York on November 22. The 47 year old man from Niagara Falls was stuck in his car on the highway for almost eight days after his vehicle was accidentally pushed to the side of the road and covered with snow by workers employed to remove the snow from the streets.
Driving on the Interstate Highway 190 during the worst of the snowstorm, Mr. Hanson decided to pull over his old 1993 Volkswagen Passat to the side of the road and wait for the weather conditions to improve. He remained motionless for approximately five hours before a snow plow arrived to clear the way. Unfortunately for the poor man, the driver of the gigantic snow removal vehicle did not see the small car, pushing it into the ditch and covering it with more than 2 meters of snow.
Fortunately for the father of two children, the snow that was stacked over his vehicle was not very dense and allowed for enough fresh air to get through to enable him to survive. He was able to drink water that he obtained by melting snow with his lighter in an aluminum coffee cup, and he ate the few items of groceries he had bought before going home.
“If I had known I would be stuck for eight days, I would have bought more than a jar of dill pickles (咸菜), a bottle of ketchup and two sticks of beef jerky (牛肉干)，” said the survivor with a smile.
Thomas Hanson had almost lost all hope of being rescued when his car was hit once again this morning by another snow plow, which revealed the poor man's location.
语篇解读：托马斯·詹姆斯·汉森在一个大雪天把车停到路边等待天气好转，却被铲雪车推到了沟里，险些丧命，八天后他才得救。
5．What caused Thomas James Hanson to fall into the ditch according to the passage
A．His drunk driving. B．The strong wind.
C．The slippery road. D．A snow removal vehicle.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段第二句中的“after his vehicle was accidentally pushed to the side of the road and covered with snow by workers employed to remove the snow from the streets”及第二段最后一句可知答案。
6．It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A．Mr. Hanson had bought some food before the accident
B．Mr. Hanson got rescued on November 22 eventually
C．Mr. Hanson had enough bottled water to drink in the car
D．Mr. Hanson was stuck in the car with his children
解析：选A 细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一句中的“and he ate the few items of groceries he had bought before going home”可以得出答案。
7．Which of the following can best describe Thomas James Hanson
A．Quick minded. B．Hard working.
C．Humorous. D．Careless.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的“If I had known I would be stuck for eight days, I would have bought more than a jar of dill pickles, a bottle of ketchup and two sticks of beef jerky”可知答案。
8．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A．Heavy Snowstorm Caused Disaster to New York
B．Man Found Alive After Being Stuck 8 Days Under Snow
C．Thomas James Hanson — a Black Sheep in the Snow
D．Wonderful Eight Days of Experience in the Snow
解析：选B 标题归纳题。结合全文尤其是第一段的第二句可知B选项最能概括全文意思。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
__1__ You are learning from life constantly, as long as you recognize and accept those lessons. When you choose to be a student of life, you open yourself to limitless opportunities.
Explore the world. Don't limit yourself to your hometown or to the city you got your first job. __2__ It doesn't have to be just one town or one apartment complex. Backpacking may not be for everyone, but it's the only way you can see the world. Traveling doesn't just have to be going overseas but also dropping by many states. Culture exists not just in a country but even in small communities.
Acquire new life skills. Maybe it's time that you finally learn how to fix a broken faucet or even fix the faulty light in your bathroom. You can finally cross out your bucket list items that have been there forever. Learn how to drive a car or ride a bike. There are definitely things you don't know how to do, and you have a lifetime ahead of you to learn. __3__
Be cultured. Watch as many movies and read as many books as possible. And it doesn't mean that you only watch the ones with high ratings from critics. Books and movies are the fruit of the writers' or the makers' life experiences and understanding of their surroundings. Movies and books are a good look into how people interpret the world.
__4__ For some individuals, to grow older means to keep your circle of friends down to a few, but that shouldn't stop you from meeting new people. Widen your circle by allowing people into your life and letting them get to know you. Widening your circle to people from all walks of life gives you a bigger and better perspective of the world.
Do many first's. When was the last time you did something for the first time __5__ It can be as simple as watching a movie alone or as big as trying bungee jumping. Doing something for the first time doesn't need to have a life changing effect. It can be a simple realization that apparently, going to a film screening by yourself isn't so bad.
So, there are so much more to learn, especially now that we're virtually connected to everyone in the world. As a student of life, it's really up to you to use all your resources and make it into something enriching.
A．Widen your circle.
B．Entertain yourself.
C．Lessons are not limited to your academic studies.
D．It's never too late to start learning something new.
E．You don't always need a deep understanding for everything you do.
F．Go beyond the place you consider home, because home can be many places.
G．If you can't think of the answer, maybe you need to go out and try something new.
答案：1～5 CFDAG
Ⅵ.课时微写作(根据提示完成小作文)
I 1.made_his_acquaintance (结识他) at the party and he wanted to borrow 1,000 yuan from me. 2.Generally_speaking (一般说来)，it is impolite to ask for money on first acquaintance. Besides, I'm not rich at all 3.in_terms_of (就……来说) money, so I 4.hesitated (犹豫), wondering what if he was a cheat. He added that one person 5.passed_herself_off_as (冒充成) one of his wife's friends and cheated him into lending her a lot of money, which 6.condemned (使……注定) him to this point. Hearing this, I felt I 7.was_mistaken_about_him (误解他了) and lent him 1,000 yuan. My wife 8.made_no_remark (未作评论) on what I did today when I got home.PAGE
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Unit 4课时跟踪检测（三） Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写或根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1．He has apologized for critical remarks he made about the referee (裁判).
2．If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will fade (褪色)．
3．We can overlook (俯视) the whole of the harbor on the hillside.
4．George and Tom both wanted the apple; their compromise (折衷方案) was to share it.
5．She wore shabby (破旧的) black clothes, with holes in the elbows of her jacket.
6．But now things have changed because of a horrible (horror) experience.
7．We must start taking effective (effect) measures to save the environment so as to save ourselves.
8．Rubbish was piled everywhere — it was disgusting (disgust)．
9．Do you know the robbery (rob) that happened last month
10．He is fond of collecting musical (music) instruments.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in need of，once more，show up，fade out，rob ... of ...，show ... in
1．The manager told his secretary to show the girl in.
2．If you are in_need_of something, come here for help.
3．They threatened to shoot him and robbed him of all his possessions.
4．The two sides did not agree on the subject for the first time, so today they will sit down once_more to have a discussion.
5．When I came into the classroom, the noise faded_out gradually.
6．I have been waiting for him for the last twenty minutes, but he hasn't shown_up_yet.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．After lengthy talks the two sides finally _reached_a_compromise.
双方经过长期的商谈终于达成了妥协。
2．The secretary is very careful and never _overlooks_any_details.
这个秘书是个很细心的人，从不忽视细节。
3．If Tom had got up early, he _could_have_caught_the_flight.
如果汤姆起得早的话，他就能赶上航班了。
4．Obviously, that disgusting_apartment_she_lives in has driven her mad.
显然，她住的那套令人作呕的公寓已经把她逼疯了。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Did you know that there is a fruit juice that you can cook with, wash with and __1__ things with What is it It's olive oil, of course, and it's fast becoming the most popular __2__ in the world.
__3__ people in Mediterranean countries such as Greece, Italy and Spain have been using olive oil for over 4,000 years, it has only recently become __4__ in other parts of the world. In fact, people beyond the Mediterranean used to think of olive oil as a(n) __5__ but expensive treat. __6__， recent studies linking an olive oil rich __7__ with low rates of heart disease have made the rest of the world sit up and __8__. As a result, more and more people have come to realize the many health and nutritional __9__ of giving up other oils and using olive oil instead.
As well as tasting delicious and being the __10__ cooking oil available, olive oil has many other __11__. It is used in many cosmetics (化妆品), hair conditioners and soaps. It also has a wide variety of lesser known uses, such as fixing noisy doors and __12__ polishing diamonds. It's also a preservative (防腐剂), and will keep fish and cheese __13__for years.
Perhaps more important, though, is olive oil's value as __14__.Not only can eating olive oil __15__ the risk of serious diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, it can also have a __16__ effect on many stomach disorders. On top of this, Mediterranean people have traditionally used it to __17__ minor wounds and illnesses. This could explain why people in Mediterranean countries tend to __18__ longer. So the next time you go shopping, don't __19__ to add olive oil to your list. It will make your food __20__ better and your life last longer!
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了橄榄油的神奇功效。
1．A.mix B．fill
C．cover D．preserve
解析：选D 由上文的“...cook with, wash with”和第三段提到的“...tasting delicious ... It is used in many cosmetics ... It's also a preservative”相呼应可知，本文是要介绍橄榄油在烹饪、洗护、“储(preserve)”物等方面的不同功效。
2．A.fruit B．oil
C．juice D．plant
解析：选B 橄榄油是目前最受欢迎的“油(oil)”。
3．A.Because B．Although
C．When D．Since
解析：选B “地中海国家已有四千多年使用橄榄油的历史”与“最近橄榄油才在世界的其他地方‘流行(popular)’”之间是让步关系，故用Although。
4．A.popular B．natural
C．nutritional D．expensive
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
5．A.native B．common
C．familiar D．unusual
解析：选D 最近橄榄油才在世界的其他地方流行，由此可知，过去地中海地区以外的人并不接受橄榄油，认为它是一种“罕见(unusual)”又昂贵的食物。
6．A.Besides B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．However
解析：选D “研究结果使人们对橄榄油有了新的认识”与“过去人们对橄榄油的偏见”之间是转折关系，故用However。
7．A.diet B．soap
C．cheese D．stomach
解析：选A 由下文的“many health and nutritional ... olive oil”可知，心脏病发病率低与“饮食(diet)”中橄榄油含量丰富有关。
8．A.stay hungry B．keep calm
C．make faces D．take notice
解析：选D 由下文的“people have come to realize the many health and nutritional ...”可知，关于橄榄油和健康关系的研究立即引起人们的关注。sit up and take notice“突然注意发生的事情”。
9．A.problems B．benefits
C．goals D．challenges
解析：选B 由上文的“linking an olive oil rich ... with low rates of heart disease”可知，人们逐渐意识到吃橄榄油的诸多“好处 (benefits)”。
10．A.cheapest B．latest
C．healthiest D．earliest
解析：选C 由上文关于橄榄油和健康关系的研究可知，橄榄油不仅美味，而且是“最健康的(healthiest)”植物油。
11．A.uses B．ways
C．origins D．sources
解析：选A 由下文所说橄榄油被用于化妆品中和被用作润滑油、防腐剂可知，除了可用于烹饪外，橄榄油还有其他的“用处 (uses)”。
12．A.still B．once
C．even D．again
解析：选C “橄榄油被用于钻石抛光”和“被用于修理吱吱作响的门”之间是递进关系，故用even。
13．A.clean B．fresh
C．safe D．dry
解析：选B 由上文的“a preservative”可知，橄榄油可使鱼和奶酪保“鲜(fresh)”数年。
14．A.food B．treasure
C．drink D．medicine
解析：选D 由下文的“serious diseases ... effect on many stomach disorders”可知，橄榄油还具有“药用(medicine)”价值。
15．A.face B．increase
C．lower D．measure
解析：选C 参见下题解析。
16．A.good B．limited
C．slight D．negative
解析：选A 本段探讨橄榄油的药用价值，再由上文的“low rates of heart disease”可知，食用橄榄油可“降低(lower)”罹患某些疾病的危险，且在治疗胃病方面也有“好的(good)”功效。
17．A.check B．spread
C．develop D．treat
解析：选D 基于橄榄油神奇的药用价值，地中海地区的人们还用橄榄油“治疗(treat)”小伤口和一些疾病。
18．A.sleep B．live
C．eat D．walk
解析：选B 由下文的“your life last longer”可知，地中海地区的人们对橄榄油的广泛使用可解释为什么他们“活(live)”得更久些。
19．A.choose B．forget
C．agree D．expect
解析：选B 参见下题解析。
20．A.feel B．look
C．taste D．grow
解析：选C 由文中所述橄榄油的各种好处可知，作者建议人们下次购物时不要“忘记(forget)”购买橄榄油，因为它不仅能使食物“尝(taste)”起来更美味，还能起到延年益寿的功效。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
In 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher gave the class an assignment to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up. She poured her heart into her report and expressed her dream of becoming an airline pilot. Her paper came back with an “F” on it. The teacher told her it was a “fairy tale”. Jean was heartbroken and ashamed. As the years went by, Jean was beaten down by the discouragement and negativity she encountered whenever she talked about her dream. “Girls can't become airline pilots; never have, never will. You're crazy. That's impossible.” Finally Jean gave up.
In her senior year of high school, her English teacher was Mrs. Dorothy Slaton, a demanding teacher with high standards. One day Mrs. Slaton asked this question: “If you had unlimited finances, unlimited access to the finest schools, unlimited talents and abilities, what would you do？” Jean felt a rush of the old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down the very old dream.
The next thing that Mrs. Slaton said changed the course of Jean's life. The teacher leaned forward over her desk and said, “I have a little secret for you. You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you don't go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough.”
The hurt and fear of years of discouragement disappeared all of a sudden. Jean felt thrilled and told her about her dream of becoming a pilot. Mrs. Slaton slapped the desk top. “Then do it！” she said.
So Jean did. It didn't happen overnight. In her 10 years of hard work, even facing varieties of laugh, frustration and opposition, she never gave up her dream. Instead, she went on doing everything her third grade teacher regarded as fairy tale.
Eventually, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain for the United Airline Company.
语篇解读：琼·哈珀经历种种打击，仍然不放弃梦想，后来在一位老师的鼓励下，她为梦想而奋斗，最终实现了自己的梦想。
1．Jean's third grade teacher thought her dream to be ________.
A．great B．impossible
C．challenging D．reasonable
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三、四句“Her paper came back with an ‘F’on it. The teacher told her it was a ‘fairy tale’．”可知，老师认为她的梦想是不可能实现的。
2．Mrs. Slaton may hold the view that ________.
A．only some of her students have great potential
B．her students are good enough to be admitted to the best schools
C．belief contributes to realizing a dream
D．Jean was to have her dream realized
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句“You can have what you want if you want it enough.”可知选C项。
3．According to the passage, we can infer that ________.
A．Jean's dream was always in her deep heart
B．Jean owed her success to all her teachers
C．most people around Jean approved of her dream
D．Jean achieved her dream with ease
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Jean felt a rush of the old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down the very old dream.”和第四段第一句“The hurt and fear of years of discouragement disappeared all of a sudden.”可知她的梦想一直深藏心底。
4．Which is the best title of the passage
A．A Respectable Teacher
B．How to Realize a Dream
C．Hard Work Pays off
D．Reach for the Sky
解析：选D 标题归纳题。文章主要讲琼·哈珀经历种种打击，仍然不放弃梦想，后来在一位老师的鼓励下，艰苦努力，永不言弃，最终美梦成真。Reach for the Sky意为“伸手触摸天空”，既暗示了主人公想当飞行员的梦想，又表达实现梦想的艰难，一语双关，贴切传神。
B
I expected my university experience to prepare me for adulthood, but in reality, it prepared me only for a job. So after I graduated from university, I decided to travel.
Starting in 2017, my first stop was Dubai. Not long after I arrived, I saw men from Pakistan and India in blue overalls working tirelessly in the terrible heat. Unlike me, they were not in a foreign country on holiday. A cab driver told me that most were working for minimal pay and living in substandard conditions. Much of the money they earned was sent home to their families. How did he know He had a wife and a child back home in his native India. He hadn't seen them for a year.
The lesson hit me hard: If you have the means to travel, as I do, you're fortunate. And you don't need material possessions to be happy.
Lessons would come in all shapes and forms.
In May 2017, I found myself in Moscow with a friend. We tried asking a man who worked at the hotel for milk, but he didn't speak English and we didn't speak Russian. So we used hand gestures along with a smile to express our request. He came back with an entire big carton (硬纸盒) of milk; we attempted to explain we couldn't possibly use it all, but he insisted. That was a significant moment for me. I thought one of my favourite aspects of travelling was knowing that a smile went a long way.
During my trip, I came across all kinds of people who'd arranged their lives around travelling. Meeting new people and learning practical skills while travelling is more of an accomplishment than earning a good grade in school. Travelling is just a regular kind of self discovery journey. Because of that trip, I never want to stop exploring.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者大学毕业后去各地旅游，她认为旅游就是自我发现的过程，可以从中学到很多东西。
5．Why did the author decide to travel
A．She intended to find a job.
B．She wanted to relax herself.
C．She wanted to get ready for her adulthood.
D．She expected to experience different cultures.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“to prepare me for adulthood, but in reality, it prepared me only for a job. So after I graduated from university, I decided to travel”可知，应选C。
6．The Pakistanis and Indians work in a foreign country to ________.
A．lead a foreign life
B．support their family
C．escape from wars
D．enrich their life experiences
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Much of the money they earned was sent home to their families”可推知选B。
7．What can we learn from the author's milk incident
A．The Russian man was stubborn.
B．Misunderstanding was unavoidable.
C．We can communicate through more than languages.
D．The man failed to understand the author and her friend.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“So we used hand gestures along with a smile to express our request”和下文内容可推知选C。
8．What does the author think of travelling
A．Beneficial. B．Adventurous.
C．Flexible. D．Limited.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“came across all kinds of people ... a regular kind of self discovery journey”可知应选A。PAGE
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Unit 4 课时跟踪检测（一） Warming Up & Reading — Prereading
阅读理解
A
When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. We've all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed — graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I don't think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If you've ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you changes as well.
Most people don't make these choices consciously (意识到地) though. You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.
There's_no_“getting_rid_of_people”. People are always dropping into and out of each other's lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You don't get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.
What about loyalty (忠诚) Shouldn't you always be loyal to your friends Once you have a close friend, even if their influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn't you stick by them
Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go. It means being loyal to their highest and best as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren't showing loyalty by smoking right along with him. True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.
It can take a lot of courage to tell someone, “I'm sorry, but I can't have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it's often the best thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it's also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.
语篇解读：人们发生重大生活变化的时候，人际环境也会变化，这就涉及交往过程中朋友关系的处理，怎么做才是对朋友的忠诚，作者给出了自己的看法。
1．When experiencing major life changes, people may ________.
A．join a new social community
B．influence their friends around
C．choose their friendships purposely
D．have their people environment changed
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话(当我经历主要生活变化时，比如换工作，我总是会变换和我大部分时间在一起的人。)可知，当人们经历重大生活变化时，可能会改变他们的人际环境。
2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Everyone has at least one friend.
B．It is unnecessary to make new friends.
C．Friendship still exists though there's less connection.
D．You ought to treat your old and new friend equally.
解析：选C 句意理解题。根据画线句子后面的描述可知，人们之间深入的交往可以变成友谊，曾经的友谊也会陨落成简单的交往，但是我们不可能摆脱任何人。C项和文章意思吻合，故选C项。其他选项在本段中没有信息暗示。
3．How should we behave when employed by a violent boss
A．We should accept what we are told to do.
B．We should stay silent and be in favor of it.
C．We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong.
D．We should give our boss courage to continue.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果不阻止暴力老板的行为，就意味着默许，这会让老板继续暴力下去。虽然张口指出其错误需要很大的勇气，但是这看似自私的行为对双方是最好的。
B
In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交响乐团). It becomes a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.
At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”， once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator (行政人员) was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。1947年一群艺术界的著名艺术家在一位奥地利指挥家的带领下，决定在爱丁堡举办国际艺术节来使整个欧洲在二战后再团结起来。没想到这个艺术节得到了许多人的青睐，并迅速发展。
4．What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning
A．To bring Europe together again.
B．To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.
C．To introduce young theatre groups.
D．To attract great artists from Europe.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，举办爱丁堡艺术节的目的是让欧洲人民在二战后再团结起来。
5．Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947
A．They owned a public house there.
B．They came to take up a challenge.
C．They thought they were also famous.
D．They wanted to take part in the festival.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，8个剧组于1947年在未受到邀请的情况下参加了这次音乐节，他们是带着每个人都有权表演的信念来的。D项符合文意。
6．We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ________.
A．has become a non official event
B．has gone beyond an art festival
C．gives shows all year round
D．keeps growing rapidly
解析：选D 推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，该节日曾经不被承认，但现在已经成为持续21天，每天都有约1 500种表演的盛大的艺术节了。
C
The earth provides us with almost everything that we need to eat, sleep, work and entertain. To do all this, we use the earth's resources. Because some of us have more buying power, they end up using more resources than they usually need. At the same time, we also create a great deal of waste and pollution. So we also need to think about how much land we use to deal with that waste. Then two things happen: first, large numbers of the world's population get much less resources than they need to live; second, the earth is damaged.
The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints. They show whose lifestyles are a burden on the earth and whose lifestyles are not. Because a few people eat up most of the earth's resources, the majority have to bear the consequences — like pollution. This is the ecological footprints that the earth keeps in its memory.
Some years ago, a famous expert, called William Rees, developed this idea of the ecological footprints. Today, this idea has become like a magnifying glass (放大镜). It allows us to see whether we are living lives in a way that keeps the earth in a reasonably good shape. Once the earth goes out of shape, there is no hope for human beings.
Countries like the United States and Canada have big ecological footprints. Rees calculated that the average amount of energy and materials consumed by a Canadian is what a land of 4.3 hectares can produce. India has a footprint of 0.4. This means that the energy and materials consumed by an Indian is what 0.4 hectares of land can produce. But if we look more carefully, we will find that even within India, the footprints of the city Indian are much larger than the rural Indian.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。我们消费及浪费的能源数量就是留在地球上的脚印，脚印越多说明消费的资源越多，给地球造成的负担就越重。一旦把地球踩得变了形，那人类就没有了生存的希望。
7．According to the text, rich people ________.
A．should give more money to the poor
B．are using too many resources
C．are helping the poor to live better lives
D．should live in rural areas with the poor
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Because some of us have more buying power, they end up using more resources than they usually need.”可知，有更强购买力的人使用的资源超过了他们的实际需要，即富人消耗的资源太多。故答案选B。
8．Our footprints on the earth refer to ________.
A．the cities we build
B．the cultures we create
C．the marks we leave on roads behind us
D．the resources we use and the waste we produce
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第一句和最后一句可知，地球上的脚印指的是我们消费的能源数量以及我们所产生的浪费。故答案选D。
9．We can learn from the text that Rees ________.
A．put forward the idea of the ecological footprints
B．thought highly of the United States and Canada
C．thought India was an extremely poor country
D．thought rich people made great contributions to society
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Some years ago ... William Rees, developed this idea of the ecological footprints.”可知，答案选A。
10．Which of the following is the best title for this text
A．Footprints on the Earth
B．How to Protect the Earth
C．Footprints of Wild Animals
D．How to Reduce Pollution on the Earth
解析：选A 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，第二段是本文的主题段。根据第二段第一句“The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.”并结合下文中多次提到的“footprints”可知，A项“地球上的脚印”适合做标题。故答案选A。
