2023届高考英语二轮复习虚拟语气课件(共25张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮复习虚拟语气课件(共25张PPT) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-12-31 21:57:51 | ||
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(共25张PPT)
虚拟语气
语气概述
在英语中，随着说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度不同，谓语动词就用不同的形式，即称为语气。英语的语气有三种：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示只存在于讲话人想象中的假设或推测，而不是客观现实中的真实事件。它表示怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等，如：
I wish you were more careful.
If I were not so busy, I would go and help him.
基本用法
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were） would/should/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I would seize the chance.
如果我是你，我就抓住这次机会。
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed.
如果你听了我的建议，你不会失败。
与将来事实相反 1.过去式 2.were to+动词原形 3.should+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形 If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.
如果明天他不来，我们就推迟会议。
与现在事实相反时
1. I’m very busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.
我很忙， 如果我有时间，我就当然会与你一起去看电影。（事实上我没有时间，也不能与你一起看电影）
2. If I were you, I should go and see the dentist at once.
如果我是你，我就马上去看牙医。（事实上我不是你，也不会去看牙医）
3. If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.
如果没有引力，我们就不能走路。（事实上有引力，我们也能走路。）
与过去事实相反
1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met her.
如果你早来几分钟，就会见到她了。（事实上没有早来，也没有见到她）
2. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a big mistake.
与将来事实可能相反
1. If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friend there.
2. If I should do it, I would do it another way.
If在虚拟条件句中的省略
在虚拟条件状语从句中，可以将if省略，将were/had/should提到主语前面，形成没有if 的条件从句，其意义不变。
例句：
If you had invited us, we should have come to your party.
Had you invited us, we should have come to your party.
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.
如果你当时邀请了我们，我们就已经去了你的聚会了。（实际上没去）
错综时间条件句
在含虚拟条件状语从句的句子中，主句和从句谓语动词不同时，要根据各自动作发生的时间选用相应的虚拟语气形式，谓语动词要根据需要做相应的调整。
例句：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
他若当时听医生的话，他现在就痊愈了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.
如果我早上出来时带了伞， 现在就不会淋湿了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
含蓄虚拟条件句
有时候虚拟语气不用条件从句，而是通过上下文或者用介词短语等表示出来，这种虚拟语气叫作含蓄虚拟条件句。
标志词：without, with, but for, otherwise, or, in case of 等
例句：
Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
= But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
如果不是你的帮助，我们不会提前完成工作。
虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法
A. 在主语从句中的用法
1. It is /was +形容词+that…
适用于这一句型的常用形容词有：
necessary, important, natural, strange, imperative, urgent, essential, probable, better, keen, possible, eager, anxious, unthinkable, astonishing等
例句：
It is necessary that the question (should) be settled at once.
It seems incredible that he should have finished the work so soon.
It was quite natural that he should think so.
2. It is/was + 名词＋that…
适用于这一句型的名词常有：a pity, a shame, no wonder等
例句：
It’s a great pity that he (should) be so hard on her. 真遗憾，他会对她这样苛刻。
It’s a shame that he should have done such a thing.
3. 主句含“命令、建议、请求或要求”的意思
适用于这一句型的动词
“一”坚持（insist）
“二”命令（order, command）
“三”要求（request, require, demand）
“四”建议（suggest, advise, propose, recommend）
谓语动词形式用should+原形，should可以省略
例句：
1.It was suggested that the meeting （should）be put off till next week.
2.I suggested that the meeting （should）be put off till next week.
3.I gave him a suggestion that the meeting （should）be put off till next week.
4.My suggestion was that the meeting （should）be put off till next week.
例外：suggest作为“暗示”的意思，insist作为“力言”的意思，后面的宾语从句谓语动词仍然用陈述语气形式！
B. 在宾语从句中的用法
wish 后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，来表示未实现或不大可能实现的愿望。
wish的时态不影响其后宾语从句的时态，引导宾语从句的that可省去，其构成形式如下：
条件 从句谓语动词形式 例句
从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时发生 过去式（be动词用were） How I wish I were a bird.（= If only I were a bird.）我多希望我是一只小鸟啊。
从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词发生 had+过去分词 How I wish I had seen the film yesterday! 我多希望昨天看了那部电影啊！
从句谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生 would/could+动词原形 He learns English very hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. 他学英语很努力好像要去美国似的。
例句：
I requested that you (should) not eat the meat.
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
He suggested that the doctor (should)be sent for.
这类动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，并不考虑是否与事实相符或相反，或愿望有无实现可能。而只是用（should)+动词原形这种形式。
某些动词后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气
这类动词常用的有：demand, suggest, order, insist, propose, request, command, desire, require, ask, move等。其谓语动词形式是（should+动词原形）
would rather后的宾语从句中
条件 宾语从句谓语动词形式 例句
对现在或将来的虚拟 过去式（be用were） I’d rather they didn’t hear of the news. 我宁愿他们不会听见这个消息。
对过去的虚拟 had+过去分词 I’d rather I had not told him the bad news. 我宁愿没告诉过他那个坏消息。
C. 在状语从句中的用法
1. 以as if, as though引起的状语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句相同，be用were或was
例句：
They talked/are talking as if/though they had been friends for years.
He spoke to me as if/though I were/was deaf.
She acted as if she would come and help us tomorrow.
2. 以in order that, so that, that引起的目的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，其谓语动词多用may, might, can, could+动词原形，如果状语从句是否定句，可用should＋动词原形
例句：
She stayed at home for a few days so that she might/could take care of her mother.
The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could/might hear him clearly.
She took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.
3. 以whatever, whoever, no matter what/who 之类代词或词组引起的让步状语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词多用may＋动词原形
例句：
I won’t let you in whoever you may be.
No matter what you may say, I’m determined to do what I think is right.
You mustn’t be proud, however much you may have achieved.
4. 以lest, for fear that, in case（以免）引起的从句用虚拟语气， 谓语动词多用should+动词原形构成
例句：
He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.
He put his coat over the soldier for fear that/lest he should catch cold.
I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.
1.在表语从句中，主句的主语如果是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea, advice, demand, necessity, plan, decision等，其后的表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形
例句：
His suggestion is that we(should) plant more trees.
My idea is that we (should) go without him.
2.As if/though引导的表语从句中也可用虚拟语气
例句：
She looks as though she were sick.
I feel/felt as if we had known each other for years.
但as if /as though后面的从句的情况如果是可能发生的或被认为是真实的，常用陈述语气，如：
He walks as if he is drunk(=he is probably drunk)
He walks as if he were drunk,(=he walks as if he were drunk but he is not)
在表语从句中的用法
E. 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法
在suggestion, proposal, idea, order, plan,request, require等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should+动词原形
例句：
What do you think of Mr. Li ’s proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening
They received orders that the work (should) be done at once.
1. It is (high,about) time…句型要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should＋动词原形（should不可以省略)或动词过去式
例句：
It is time we were/should be off.
It is high time that we went/should go to bed.
2. 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
A. 用may +动词原形表示祝愿，但愿等。May 放在句首
例句：
May good luck be yours! 祝你顺利。
May you succeed! 祝你成功。
May you be happy!祝你幸福。
B. 动词原形live用在long live…中，表示强烈的愿望或祝愿
例句：
Long live the people! 人民万岁！
Long live the people’s republic of china! 中华人民共和国万岁！
虚拟语气的其他用法
3. 情态动词的过去式用于现在时间，表示说话人的谦虚，客气，有礼貌，或语气婉转，常用于日常用语
例句：
Would you leave a note for her
You might as well put the meeting off for a new days.
Could you tell me the way to the station.
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
I would rather not tell you.
1. --It is a secret. Mr.Wang won’t let anybody know about it .
--But it’s important to me that you ___me all the information.
a. shall give b. give c. gave d. will give
2. John insisted that his teacher ____ not wrong.
a. should be b. be c. is d. was
c
d
3. --You didn’t tell me that you wanted to go to the concert.
--If you____me, I would have booked a seat for you.
a. told b. had told c. have told d. should tell
4. Her worried look suggests that her mother ___ badly ill.
a. be b. should be c. is d. was
5. The manager insisted that they ____another shoe factory.
a. should build b. built c. would build d. be built
b
c
a
6. What a pity it was that you didn’t tell me about the accident. If you had told me, I ___you.
a. would help b. helped c. had helped
d. would have helped
7. Professor Wang suggested that the patient ___at once.
a. be operated on b. must operate on
c. should be operated d. had to operate
8. ___you to see your girlfriend, what would you say to her
a. if b. when c. were d. was
d
c
c
9. It ___ hard now, or else we ___go out and play football.
a. rains, shall b. is raining, could
c. rained, should d. would rain, might
10. ___ I unlocked the door, I would have entered the office.
a. if b. have c. when d. had
11. --Did you enjoy the play on Friday evening
--Yes, but I wish I ___a high fever.
a. hadn’t b. hadn’t had c. would have not d. have
12. If it ___tomorrow afternoon, I shall stay at home watching TV.
a. snows b. will snow c. had snowed d. should snow
b
d
b
d
13. If you had studied your English hard, your teacher ___ you last time.
a. should fail b. would not have failed
c. failed d. hadn’t failed
14. If you___ your doctor’s advice, you would be better now.
a. followed b. were to follow c. had followed
d. should follow
15. If you ___ your doctor’s advice, you will be better soon.
a. followed b. follow c. had followed d. should follow
16. She talked as if she ___ the great man.
a. was really seen b. really saw
c. has really seen d. had really seen
b
c
b
d
17. The teacher ordered that all the chairs___ out of the classroom.
a. be taken b. were taken
c. should take d. take
18. If it ___ Sunday tomorrow, they would come to see us.
a. is b. was c. will be d. should be
19. It is strange that he ___ to the party without being invited.
a. is b. will go c. went d. should go
a
d
d
虚拟语气
语气概述
在英语中，随着说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度不同，谓语动词就用不同的形式，即称为语气。英语的语气有三种：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示只存在于讲话人想象中的假设或推测，而不是客观现实中的真实事件。它表示怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等，如：
I wish you were more careful.
If I were not so busy, I would go and help him.
基本用法
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句
与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were） would/should/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I would seize the chance.
如果我是你，我就抓住这次机会。
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed.
如果你听了我的建议，你不会失败。
与将来事实相反 1.过去式 2.were to+动词原形 3.should+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形 If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.
如果明天他不来，我们就推迟会议。
与现在事实相反时
1. I’m very busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.
我很忙， 如果我有时间，我就当然会与你一起去看电影。（事实上我没有时间，也不能与你一起看电影）
2. If I were you, I should go and see the dentist at once.
如果我是你，我就马上去看牙医。（事实上我不是你，也不会去看牙医）
3. If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.
如果没有引力，我们就不能走路。（事实上有引力，我们也能走路。）
与过去事实相反
1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met her.
如果你早来几分钟，就会见到她了。（事实上没有早来，也没有见到她）
2. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a big mistake.
与将来事实可能相反
1. If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friend there.
2. If I should do it, I would do it another way.
If在虚拟条件句中的省略
在虚拟条件状语从句中，可以将if省略，将were/had/should提到主语前面，形成没有if 的条件从句，其意义不变。
例句：
If you had invited us, we should have come to your party.
Had you invited us, we should have come to your party.
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.
如果你当时邀请了我们，我们就已经去了你的聚会了。（实际上没去）
错综时间条件句
在含虚拟条件状语从句的句子中，主句和从句谓语动词不同时，要根据各自动作发生的时间选用相应的虚拟语气形式，谓语动词要根据需要做相应的调整。
例句：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
他若当时听医生的话，他现在就痊愈了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.
如果我早上出来时带了伞， 现在就不会淋湿了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
含蓄虚拟条件句
有时候虚拟语气不用条件从句，而是通过上下文或者用介词短语等表示出来，这种虚拟语气叫作含蓄虚拟条件句。
标志词：without, with, but for, otherwise, or, in case of 等
例句：
Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
= But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
如果不是你的帮助，我们不会提前完成工作。
虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法
A. 在主语从句中的用法
1. It is /was +形容词+that…
适用于这一句型的常用形容词有：
necessary, important, natural, strange, imperative, urgent, essential, probable, better, keen, possible, eager, anxious, unthinkable, astonishing等
例句：
It is necessary that the question (should) be settled at once.
It seems incredible that he should have finished the work so soon.
It was quite natural that he should think so.
2. It is/was + 名词＋that…
适用于这一句型的名词常有：a pity, a shame, no wonder等
例句：
It’s a great pity that he (should) be so hard on her. 真遗憾，他会对她这样苛刻。
It’s a shame that he should have done such a thing.
3. 主句含“命令、建议、请求或要求”的意思
适用于这一句型的动词
“一”坚持（insist）
“二”命令（order, command）
“三”要求（request, require, demand）
“四”建议（suggest, advise, propose, recommend）
谓语动词形式用should+原形，should可以省略
例句：
1.It was suggested that the meeting （should）be put off till next week.
2.I suggested that the meeting （should）be put off till next week.
3.I gave him a suggestion that the meeting （should）be put off till next week.
4.My suggestion was that the meeting （should）be put off till next week.
例外：suggest作为“暗示”的意思，insist作为“力言”的意思，后面的宾语从句谓语动词仍然用陈述语气形式！
B. 在宾语从句中的用法
wish 后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，来表示未实现或不大可能实现的愿望。
wish的时态不影响其后宾语从句的时态，引导宾语从句的that可省去，其构成形式如下：
条件 从句谓语动词形式 例句
从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时发生 过去式（be动词用were） How I wish I were a bird.（= If only I were a bird.）我多希望我是一只小鸟啊。
从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词发生 had+过去分词 How I wish I had seen the film yesterday! 我多希望昨天看了那部电影啊！
从句谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生 would/could+动词原形 He learns English very hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. 他学英语很努力好像要去美国似的。
例句：
I requested that you (should) not eat the meat.
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
He suggested that the doctor (should)be sent for.
这类动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，并不考虑是否与事实相符或相反，或愿望有无实现可能。而只是用（should)+动词原形这种形式。
某些动词后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气
这类动词常用的有：demand, suggest, order, insist, propose, request, command, desire, require, ask, move等。其谓语动词形式是（should+动词原形）
would rather后的宾语从句中
条件 宾语从句谓语动词形式 例句
对现在或将来的虚拟 过去式（be用were） I’d rather they didn’t hear of the news. 我宁愿他们不会听见这个消息。
对过去的虚拟 had+过去分词 I’d rather I had not told him the bad news. 我宁愿没告诉过他那个坏消息。
C. 在状语从句中的用法
1. 以as if, as though引起的状语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句相同，be用were或was
例句：
They talked/are talking as if/though they had been friends for years.
He spoke to me as if/though I were/was deaf.
She acted as if she would come and help us tomorrow.
2. 以in order that, so that, that引起的目的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，其谓语动词多用may, might, can, could+动词原形，如果状语从句是否定句，可用should＋动词原形
例句：
She stayed at home for a few days so that she might/could take care of her mother.
The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could/might hear him clearly.
She took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.
3. 以whatever, whoever, no matter what/who 之类代词或词组引起的让步状语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词多用may＋动词原形
例句：
I won’t let you in whoever you may be.
No matter what you may say, I’m determined to do what I think is right.
You mustn’t be proud, however much you may have achieved.
4. 以lest, for fear that, in case（以免）引起的从句用虚拟语气， 谓语动词多用should+动词原形构成
例句：
He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.
He put his coat over the soldier for fear that/lest he should catch cold.
I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.
1.在表语从句中，主句的主语如果是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea, advice, demand, necessity, plan, decision等，其后的表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形
例句：
His suggestion is that we(should) plant more trees.
My idea is that we (should) go without him.
2.As if/though引导的表语从句中也可用虚拟语气
例句：
She looks as though she were sick.
I feel/felt as if we had known each other for years.
但as if /as though后面的从句的情况如果是可能发生的或被认为是真实的，常用陈述语气，如：
He walks as if he is drunk(=he is probably drunk)
He walks as if he were drunk,(=he walks as if he were drunk but he is not)
在表语从句中的用法
E. 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法
在suggestion, proposal, idea, order, plan,request, require等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should+动词原形
例句：
What do you think of Mr. Li ’s proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening
They received orders that the work (should) be done at once.
1. It is (high,about) time…句型要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should＋动词原形（should不可以省略)或动词过去式
例句：
It is time we were/should be off.
It is high time that we went/should go to bed.
2. 虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
A. 用may +动词原形表示祝愿，但愿等。May 放在句首
例句：
May good luck be yours! 祝你顺利。
May you succeed! 祝你成功。
May you be happy!祝你幸福。
B. 动词原形live用在long live…中，表示强烈的愿望或祝愿
例句：
Long live the people! 人民万岁！
Long live the people’s republic of china! 中华人民共和国万岁！
虚拟语气的其他用法
3. 情态动词的过去式用于现在时间，表示说话人的谦虚，客气，有礼貌，或语气婉转，常用于日常用语
例句：
Would you leave a note for her
You might as well put the meeting off for a new days.
Could you tell me the way to the station.
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
I would rather not tell you.
1. --It is a secret. Mr.Wang won’t let anybody know about it .
--But it’s important to me that you ___me all the information.
a. shall give b. give c. gave d. will give
2. John insisted that his teacher ____ not wrong.
a. should be b. be c. is d. was
c
d
3. --You didn’t tell me that you wanted to go to the concert.
--If you____me, I would have booked a seat for you.
a. told b. had told c. have told d. should tell
4. Her worried look suggests that her mother ___ badly ill.
a. be b. should be c. is d. was
5. The manager insisted that they ____another shoe factory.
a. should build b. built c. would build d. be built
b
c
a
6. What a pity it was that you didn’t tell me about the accident. If you had told me, I ___you.
a. would help b. helped c. had helped
d. would have helped
7. Professor Wang suggested that the patient ___at once.
a. be operated on b. must operate on
c. should be operated d. had to operate
8. ___you to see your girlfriend, what would you say to her
a. if b. when c. were d. was
d
c
c
9. It ___ hard now, or else we ___go out and play football.
a. rains, shall b. is raining, could
c. rained, should d. would rain, might
10. ___ I unlocked the door, I would have entered the office.
a. if b. have c. when d. had
11. --Did you enjoy the play on Friday evening
--Yes, but I wish I ___a high fever.
a. hadn’t b. hadn’t had c. would have not d. have
12. If it ___tomorrow afternoon, I shall stay at home watching TV.
a. snows b. will snow c. had snowed d. should snow
b
d
b
d
13. If you had studied your English hard, your teacher ___ you last time.
a. should fail b. would not have failed
c. failed d. hadn’t failed
14. If you___ your doctor’s advice, you would be better now.
a. followed b. were to follow c. had followed
d. should follow
15. If you ___ your doctor’s advice, you will be better soon.
a. followed b. follow c. had followed d. should follow
16. She talked as if she ___ the great man.
a. was really seen b. really saw
c. has really seen d. had really seen
b
c
b
d
17. The teacher ordered that all the chairs___ out of the classroom.
a. be taken b. were taken
c. should take d. take
18. If it ___ Sunday tomorrow, they would come to see us.
a. is b. was c. will be d. should be
19. It is strange that he ___ to the party without being invited.
a. is b. will go c. went d. should go
a
d
d