2023届高三英语二轮复习状语从句课件(共30张PPT)

(共30张PPT)
whoever和who的区别
引导名词性从句且在从句中作主语时，who意为“谁”，含有疑问意味；whoever意为“无论谁”，不含疑问意味。Whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who，其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。另外whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于no matter who。
具体用法
1.Who has taken away my bag is unknown.
2.Whoever comes will be welcome.
=Anyone who comes will be welcome.
3.I’m not going to let you in, no matter who you are.
=I’m not going to let you in, whoever you are.
wh-+ever
（1）引导名词性从句：whoever=anyone who
whomever=anyone whom
whatever=anything that
whichever=anything that
whosever=anyone whose
（2）引导让步状语从句：whoever=no matter who
whomever=no matter whom
whatever=no matter what
whichever=no matter which
whosever=no matter whose
状语从句
定义：
在复合句中修饰主语中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫作状语从句（在从句中充当状语的成分）。
特点：
从属连词：放在从句前面
语序：用陈述句语序
位置：可位于主句前面或者后面；位于主句前面时，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
类型
状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
让步状语从句
条件状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
时间状语从句
（1）when, while, as
1.从属连词when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作；可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生，也可用于从句动作先于主句动作发生的情况。
如：
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
When the film ended, the people went back.
2.从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
3.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……，一边……”或“随着……”。
He hurried home, looking behind as he walked.
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.
4.如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
例题：（用when, while, as填空）
_____ I was waiting at the bus stop, I noticed a police car in front of the store.
_____ John arrived, I was cooking lunch.
_____ he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
When/While/As
When
As
（2）as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, the instant 和once（一……就……）
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一……就……”
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
注意：no sooner…than…；hardly/scarcely…when…也可表示“一……就……”，这一结构的时态搭配为：no sooner与hardly/scarcely所在的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，其所在的主句应用倒装语序。
如：
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
我一到家就开始下雨。
We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我们一到车站，火车就离站了。
例题：
He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
You will be successful in the interview _____ you have confidence.
Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one as _____ as it becomes available.
than
once
soon
（3）till, until和not…until
1.肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。
He remained there until/till she arrived.
You may stay here until/till the rain stops.
2.否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.
3.till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4.not until…句型的强调和倒装用法。
直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.（强调句型）
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.（not until置于句首，主句要部分倒装）
同义句转换
I didn’t leave until she came back.
（1）_____ _____she came back _____ _____ leave.
（2）_____ _____not until she came back _____ I _____.
Not until
did I
It was
that left
（4）before和since
1.若表达“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；还没来得及……就……”时，需用连词before。
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就感到累了。
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话，他就已经给我量好了尺寸。
2.before从句中谓语不用否定式。
Before they reached the station, the train had gone.
他们到火车站前（他们还没到火车站），火车就已经开走了。
3.“It will be/was+一段时间+before…”常翻译成：……才；……就。
It was half a year before I came back.
半年后我才回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。
4.since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句中的时态常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
I have written home four times since I came here.
自从我来到这儿，我已经给家里写过四封信了。
She has been working in this factory since she left school.
她离开学校以后就一直在这个工厂工作。
5.在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型中，since引导的从句的谓语动词若是延续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。
It is three years since the war broke out.（终止性动词）
自战争爆发以来已有三年了。
It is three years since I smoked（=since I stopped smoking）.（延续性动词）
我不吸烟已有三年了。
如果译成“我吸烟已有三年了”，应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.（终止性动词）
（5）every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。
Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
题组训练
英译汉：
1.It is three years since she was in our class. __________________
2.It is three years since he lived here. _________________
单句填空
1.As is reported, it is 100 years _____ the university was founded.
2.Because of the heavy traffic, it was time for lunch _____ she got to her office.
3.I have heard a lot of good things about you _____ I came back from abroad.
她离开我们班已有三年了。
他不在这儿住已有三年了。
since
when
since
二. 地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的从属连词where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句需放在主句之前。
We should go where the Party needs us most. 我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。
You are free to go wherever you like. 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Where there is smoke, there is fire. 无火不生烟。/无风不起浪。
例题：
1.After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.
2.I have kept the portrait _____ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.
where
where
三. 原因状语从句
1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有：because, as, since, now that。每个连词的含义不尽相同。
连词 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答以why开头的问句 能否被强调
because（因为） 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能
as（由于） 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能
since/now that（既然） 主句前
例句：
I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.
As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
2.此外，when, seeing that, considering that也可以表示原因，意为：既然；考虑到。
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
既然你在5分钟之内能步行到那里，却坐出租车，真够愚蠢的。
例题：
1. _____ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.
Now
四. 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, in case等。
1.in order that, so that
两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的状语从句只能置于主句之后。
I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
我会慢慢说，以便你能明白我的意思。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the park early.
为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。
2.for fear that与in case
引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“唯恐，以免”某事会发生；in case表示“以防（万一）”出现某种情况。
Mary didn’t want to get out of bed for fear that she might wake her baby up.
玛丽不想起床，生怕吵醒她的宝宝。
Take your raincoat in case it rains.
带上雨衣以防下雨。
例题：
1.I took my driving license with me on holiday, in _____ I wanted to hire a car.
2.She finally ran away for _____ that her parents would scold her.
case
fear
五. 结果状语从句
1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so…that…, such…that…。在非正式语体中，由so…that…, such…that…引导的从句中的that可以省略，注意其结构：
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so+many/much/few/little（少）+名词+that从句
such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句
such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句
such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句
例句：
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.
=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.
注意：
（1）为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
（2）当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such…as to...。
He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
→ He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.
例题：
1.It is not surprising that _____ little worms eat so little grain.
2.Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be so many poor people
3.He is _____ smart a boy that I like him very much.
2.除结果状语从句外，too…to…（太……而不能……），enough to…（达到某种程度可以……）等结构同样可以表示结果。
他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。
He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.
= He got up too late to catch the bus.
such
such
so
同义句转换：
He is so young that he can’t join the army.
He is not old _____ to join the army.
He is _____ young to join the army.
He is _____ young as not to join the army.
3.such…that…引导的状语从句与such…as…引导的定语从句的区别。
首先观察两个句子：
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.
He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.
第①个句子中everyone likes成分残缺，缺少宾语，故可判断此处为定语从句；第②句中everyone likes him结构完整，不缺任何成分，故可判断此处为状语从句。
enough
too
so
用as, that填空：
1.Such advice _____ he was given proved almost worthless.
2.It was such a boring speech _____ I fell asleep.
六. 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless（if…not如果不；除非……否则……），so/as long as（只要），in case（如果），on condition that（条件是），suppose/supposing（that）（假设），providing/provided that（如果）等。
例句：
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.（=if you don’t study hard）.
除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。
as
that
As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.
你只要不灰心就会成功。
Suppose/Supposing（that）they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？
In case there is a fire, what will we do first
如果发生火灾，我们首先做什么？
例题：
1. _____ our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.
2.You may use the room as you like _____ long as you clean it up afterwards.
Unless
as/so
七. 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。
Do as you are told, or you’ll be fired.
叫你做什么你就做什么，否则你会被解雇。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own grandson.（虚拟语气）这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是自己的孙子似的。
I feel as if I have a fever.（陈述语气）
我感觉我好像发烧了。
例题:
1.Leave the table _____ it is.
2.Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as _____ he had done something very clever.
八. 让步状语从句
1.although/though（尽管，虽然），even though/even if（即使，尽管）引导的让步状语从句。
although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
如：
He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
as
if
Even though it is raining, we’ll go there.（陈述语气）
Even if I were busy, I would go.（虚拟语气）
注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。
如：
He said he would come; he didn’t, though.
他说他会来，可是他没有来。
2.whether…or…（不管…还是…），疑问词+-ever与no matter+疑问词（不管…; 无论…）引导的让步状语从句。
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
Whatever（=No matter what）you say, he won’t believe you.
Whoever you are（=No matter who you are）, you must obey the rules.
注意：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。
例句：
You can take whatever you like.
你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。
3.when, while也可作从属连词表让步，while常用在句首，when常用在句中，相当于although。
如：
Suddenly, she stopped when she ought to have continued.
尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。
While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
例题：
1.It was a nice meal, _____ a little expensive.
2. _____ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
though
While/Although/Though
九. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用下列词语引导：as…as; not so/as…as…; more…than…; less…than…; the more…(adj./adv.)the more…(adj./adv.)
翻译：
1.他不如他的兄弟健康。
He is not so/as healthy as his brother.
2.越勤奋，越成功。
The more hard-working you are, the more successful you will be.