2014届高考英语二轮“硬”手笔【集训篇】-定语从句（含详解）
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| 名称 | 2014届高考英语二轮“硬”手笔【集训篇】-定语从句（含详解） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-02-13 11:24:47 | ||
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定语从句
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—What do you think of teacher，Bob?
—I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
解析 先行词a job在定语从句中作状语，故选where。
答案 A
2．It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.
A．that B．when C．which D．where
解析 a situation在定语从句中作状语，故答案为D。
答案 D
3．I was born in New Orleans，Louisiana，a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A．which B．of which C．that D．whose
解析 先行词a city在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。
答案 D
4．The house ________ I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A．in it B．in C．in that D．in which
解析 先行词the house在定语从句中充当状语，故选D。
答案 D
5．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before.
A．them B．who C．whom D．these
解析 whom指代前面提到的three friends。
答案 C
6．Whenever I met her，________ was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A．who B．which C．when D．that
解析 which引导非限制性定语从句，指代所叙述的事。
答案 B
7．Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time.
A．of which B．with which
C．about which D．into which
解析 先行词充当argued about的宾语，先行词为物，故用which代替先行词，about which放到了定语从句的前面。
答案 C
8．She'll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A．that B．which C．where D．when
解析 先行词her stay指时间，并且在定语从句中充当状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
答案 D
9．A person ________ e?mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e?mails.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．whoever
解析 先行词为a person，它在定语从句中作定语，故用whose连接定语从句。
答案 C
10．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，________ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A．as B．which C．when D．though
解析 在引导非限制性定语从句中，as从句中可以主谓倒装，强调主句部分，而which则不能主谓倒装。
答案 A
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1．How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery－operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2．How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.
·Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day－often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3．How often do you think about fighting germs?
·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
【语篇解读】 该篇从刷牙，洗手(澡)，与细菌战斗三方面讲解了美国老年人的误区，并指明了正确的认识和做法。提醒老人应养成良好的卫生习惯。
11．What is found out about American seniors?
A．Most of them have good habits.
B．Nearly 30%of them bathe three days a week.
C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.
D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.
解析 细节理解题。根据Only about one third of American seniors have correct habits可知，A项错误。根据seniors，on average，bathe fewer than 3 days a week可知，B项错误。根据Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should 可知，C项错误。
答案 D
12．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________.
A．twice a day B．three times a day
C．four times a day D．eight times a day
解析 细节理解题。根据And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day－half of the number doctors recommend可知。提示：注意破折号的作用。
答案 D
13．Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．We should keep from touching our faces.
B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.
C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.
D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.
解析 细节理解题。根据Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)，that can carry more germs than anything else？可知。
答案 C
14．The text probably comes from________.
A．a guide book B．a popular magazine
C．a book review D．an official document
解析 推理判断题。综合语篇可推出。
答案 B
B
(2013·山东卷)Sparrow is a fast－food chain with 200 restaurants.Some years ago，the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company.Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention.And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years until a new CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its market share.He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them.Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand.The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants.Pearson resisted，arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun.Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success，rather than customers' spending power.Finally，the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast－food industry.The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product，the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image.For example，he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover(营业额)．
These efforts paid off，and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast－food chains in the regions where it operated.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了一个快餐公司在濒临倒闭的情况下，在Carl Pearson的带领下重新焕发生机的故事。
15．Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?
A．The number of its customers was declining.
B．Its customers found the food unhealthy.
C．It was in need of financial support.
D．Most of its restaurants were closed.
解析 细节理解题。根据原文 “And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.”可知，公司急需的是资金，故C项正确。
答案 C
16．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants.
B．Sparrow restaurants.
C．Customers of other fast－food chains.
D．Other fast－food chains.
解析 猜测词义题。根据原文“He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them...”可知，其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店，此处，turn away from 表示“从……处走开”，所以from之后应该表示主语的原始位置，故选D项。
答案 D
17．For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?
A．To build a good relationship with the public.
B．To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.
C．To learn about customers' spending power.
D．To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.
解析 推理判断题。根据原文 “...Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time....”可以得知“……公司想建立跟大众的友好关系”。故正确答案A。
答案 A
18．What was Pearson's achievement as a CEO?
A．He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts.
B．He made Sparrow much more competitive.
C．He helped Sparrow take over a company.
D．He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.
解析 主旨大意题。 根据原文最后一段， “their efforts paid off”意为“他们的努力得到了回报”， Sparrow不久成为该地区最成功的快餐店之一。所以正确答案是B；C选项和D选项未涉及。
答案 B
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—What do you think of teacher，Bob?
—I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
解析 先行词a job在定语从句中作状语，故选where。
答案 A
2．It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.
A．that B．when C．which D．where
解析 a situation在定语从句中作状语，故答案为D。
答案 D
3．I was born in New Orleans，Louisiana，a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A．which B．of which C．that D．whose
解析 先行词a city在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。
答案 D
4．The house ________ I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A．in it B．in C．in that D．in which
解析 先行词the house在定语从句中充当状语，故选D。
答案 D
5．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before.
A．them B．who C．whom D．these
解析 whom指代前面提到的three friends。
答案 C
6．Whenever I met her，________ was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A．who B．which C．when D．that
解析 which引导非限制性定语从句，指代所叙述的事。
答案 B
7．Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time.
A．of which B．with which
C．about which D．into which
解析 先行词充当argued about的宾语，先行词为物，故用which代替先行词，about which放到了定语从句的前面。
答案 C
8．She'll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A．that B．which C．where D．when
解析 先行词her stay指时间，并且在定语从句中充当状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
答案 D
9．A person ________ e?mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e?mails.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．whoever
解析 先行词为a person，它在定语从句中作定语，故用whose连接定语从句。
答案 C
10．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，________ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A．as B．which C．when D．though
解析 在引导非限制性定语从句中，as从句中可以主谓倒装，强调主句部分，而which则不能主谓倒装。
答案 A
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1．How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery－operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2．How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.
·Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day－often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3．How often do you think about fighting germs?
·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
【语篇解读】 该篇从刷牙，洗手(澡)，与细菌战斗三方面讲解了美国老年人的误区，并指明了正确的认识和做法。提醒老人应养成良好的卫生习惯。
11．What is found out about American seniors?
A．Most of them have good habits.
B．Nearly 30%of them bathe three days a week.
C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.
D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.
解析 细节理解题。根据Only about one third of American seniors have correct habits可知，A项错误。根据seniors，on average，bathe fewer than 3 days a week可知，B项错误。根据Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should 可知，C项错误。
答案 D
12．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________.
A．twice a day B．three times a day
C．four times a day D．eight times a day
解析 细节理解题。根据And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day－half of the number doctors recommend可知。提示：注意破折号的作用。
答案 D
13．Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．We should keep from touching our faces.
B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.
C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.
D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.
解析 细节理解题。根据Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)，that can carry more germs than anything else？可知。
答案 C
14．The text probably comes from________.
A．a guide book B．a popular magazine
C．a book review D．an official document
解析 推理判断题。综合语篇可推出。
答案 B
B
(2013·山东卷)Sparrow is a fast－food chain with 200 restaurants.Some years ago，the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company.Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention.And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years until a new CEO，Carl Pearson，decided to build up its market share.He did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them.Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand.The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants.Pearson resisted，arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun.Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success，rather than customers' spending power.Finally，the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast－food industry.The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product，the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image.For example，he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover(营业额)．
These efforts paid off，and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast－food chains in the regions where it operated.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了一个快餐公司在濒临倒闭的情况下，在Carl Pearson的带领下重新焕发生机的故事。
15．Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?
A．The number of its customers was declining.
B．Its customers found the food unhealthy.
C．It was in need of financial support.
D．Most of its restaurants were closed.
解析 细节理解题。根据原文 “And to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.”可知，公司急需的是资金，故C项正确。
答案 C
16．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants.
B．Sparrow restaurants.
C．Customers of other fast－food chains.
D．Other fast－food chains.
解析 猜测词义题。根据原文“He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them...”可知，其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店，此处，turn away from 表示“从……处走开”，所以from之后应该表示主语的原始位置，故选D项。
答案 D
17．For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?
A．To build a good relationship with the public.
B．To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.
C．To learn about customers' spending power.
D．To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.
解析 推理判断题。根据原文 “...Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time....”可以得知“……公司想建立跟大众的友好关系”。故正确答案A。
答案 A
18．What was Pearson's achievement as a CEO?
A．He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts.
B．He made Sparrow much more competitive.
C．He helped Sparrow take over a company.
D．He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.
解析 主旨大意题。 根据原文最后一段， “their efforts paid off”意为“他们的努力得到了回报”， Sparrow不久成为该地区最成功的快餐店之一。所以正确答案是B；C选项和D选项未涉及。
答案 B