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Module 5 课时跟踪检测（二） Introduction & Reading —
Language Points
Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1. When he applied for a position (职位) in the office of the local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.
2. The manager refused to comment on the news that he had planned to resign (辞职).
3. Please take this seriously. It's a matter of principle (原则).
4. China has been stressing the importance (重要性) of its ties with third world countries.
5. He is one of the advisers (顾问) to the President.
6. Happiness is what you feel when you're not feeling stressed (stress).
7. Women want equality (equal) of opportunity with men.
8. He's one of the country's most brilliant political thinkers (think).
9. She wanted to work for a bigger and more influential (influence) newspaper.
10. She was known to all for her kindness (kind).
Ⅱ.选词填空
in position，in some ways，be equal to，under stress，be at war，bring up
1. I want to bring up again the first point.
2. At that time, China was at war with Japan, so travelling was extremely difficult.
3. Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
4. I don't think he is equal to this kind of work, so I can't hire him.
5. To tell you the truth，I quite like Jay's new album in some ways.
6. All parking signs have now been placed in position.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. 他不能来的原因是因为他母亲不允许。
The reason why he won't come is that his mother doesn't allow him to.
2. 这是一个在美国仍处在奴隶制度的时代。
It was a time when there were still slaves in the USA.
3. 你为什么非要提钱这个话题？
Why did you have to bring up the subject of money
4. 史密斯先生，我应该告诉你这已是你第5次把我误认为我的孪生妹妹了。
Mr. Smith, I should tell you this is the fifth time you have mistaken me for my twin sister.
5. 法官命令将犯人判处死刑。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be sentenced to death.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
It's not often a tomato is described as so sweet “whenever people see it they just want to hug it” — but this was no ordinary piece of fruit.
The heart shaped tomato was grown by the retired worker, Rod Matless, who said he was surprised when he noticed it in his field. Mr. Matless, 69, who had a heart attack a few years ago, was so taken aback by the fruit that he decided to sell it and donate(捐赠) the money to the British Heart Foundation. The 64g tomato was bought for ￡16 on eBay by a woman from Wales — who said she planned to give it to someone special.
Mr. Matless, of Wymondham, near Norwich, said: “I spent a couple of days thinking about what to do with it and I wasn't really sure, but this seems like a good use. I hope it will do someone somewhere a bit of good”. He added: “It's very sweet — whenever people see it they just want to hug it.” But with the tomato's freshness a key factor (因素), Mr. Matless was up against the clock to send it to its new owner before it went bad. He said: “I didn't want to send someone something horrible (特别糟糕的). I probably could have raised a bit more money with more time but I was worried about it.”
“It will certainly make a nice present for a loved one. I hope that they like it and I'm glad I got to help. It's all been very good fun and I've really enjoyed growing this very special tomato.”
语篇解读：本文属于新闻类短文，主要介绍了69岁的退休工人 Mr Matless 种出了一颗形状很奇怪的西红柿：心形西红柿，并介绍了与之有关的信息。
1. We can learn from the text that the tomato grown by Rod Matless .
A. is very big B. is very sweet
C. is very special D. is good for health
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“The heart shaped tomato was grown ...”可知这个西红柿长成了心形，显得很特别。故C正确。
2. The underlined part “taken aback by” in Paragraph 2 means “ ”.
A. happy about B. nervous about
C. surprised by D. frightened by
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“The heart shaped tomato ... who said he was surprised when he noticed it in his field.”可知当Rod Matless 注意到地里的这个奇怪的西红柿的时候，他也很惊讶。因为他从来没有见过这样的一个西红柿。所以本句中的“taken aback by”应该也是指“惊讶”的意思。故C正确。
3. According to the text, the main problem for Rod Matless was how to .
A. advertise the tomato
B. keep the tomato fresh
C. get a good price for the tomato
D. find a good owner for the tomato
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句“But with the tomato's freshness a key factor (因素), Mr Matless was up against the clock to send it to its new owner before it went bad.”可知他一定要在这个西红柿变质之前把它送给新的主人。也就是说如何保持这个西红柿的新鲜是他遇见一个主要的困难。故B正确。
4. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To advise people to eat tomatoes.
B. To introduce a heart shaped tomato.
C. To encourage people to buy Rod Matless's tomato.
D. To describe a kind hearted person — Rod Matless.
解析：选B 写作意图题。本文属于新闻类短文，主要介绍了69岁的退休工人Mr Matless 种出了一颗形状很奇怪的西红柿：心形西红柿，并介绍了与之有关的信息。故B正确。
B
Song Qingling was born in Shanghai on the 27th of January in 1893 into a well educated family. In 1907, Qingling traveled to the United States for her education; she and her three sisters became the first Chinese girls to be educated in the US. In 1915, she married Dr. Sun Yat sen (孙中山). At the age of eighteen, Qingling began to fight for the rights of women in her country and expressed her ideas of liberty and equality. For the next seven decades, Song Qingling became an active character and came to be known as “the Mother of China”.
In her lifetime，she always paid close attention to women's and children's welfare. She supervised(监督) studies on woman and child healthcare, and children's education. She was awarded the 1950 International Stalin Peace Prize，and she donated all the money to programs promoting the welfare of women and children.
Song Qingling always showed concern for Sun's followers，overseas Chinese，and the future of Taiwan. She hoped that China could be reunified at an early date.
In the long years of struggle in the Chinese revolution，Song firmly stood by the side of the Chinese Communist Party, whose leaders, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhu De, considered her their close comrade in arms.
On May 29, 1981 Song Qingling died of illness in Beijing. Song Qingling was a great fighter for patriotism (爱国主义)，internationalism and communism. The great contributions she made to China and the Chinese people will not be forgotten.
语篇解读：本文介绍了宋庆龄的生平。
5. What's the best title for this passage
A. Song Qingling and her sisters
B. Song Qingling and Sun Yat sen
C. Women are also great
D. A brief introduction to Song Qingling
解析：选D 标题归纳题。本文主要对宋庆龄的生平作了简要介绍。
6. What is the right order of the events about Song Qingling according to the passage
a. traveled to the United States for her education
b. married Sun Yat sen
c. began to fight for the rights of women
d. was awarded the International Stalin Peace Prize
A. a，b，c，d B. a，d，b，c
C. b，a，c，d D. a，c，b，d
解析：选D 细节理解题。综合文章第一、二段可知，D项正确。
7. What did Song Qingling pay attention to in her life time
A. Women's rights.
B. Children's education.
C. Women's and children's welfare.
D. All of the above.
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第一段提到宋庆龄为女权而斗争，文章第二段提到她关注妇女儿童福利事业以及儿童教育等，故选D项。
8. According to the passage, Song Qingling .
A. was born into a poor family
B. was one of the first Chinese girls to be educated in the UK
C. donated all her prize money for the welfare of women and children in 1949
D. died at the age of 88
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句及最后一段第一句可知，宋庆龄去世时88岁，故D项正确。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
In recent years, research on the human brain has been attracting more and more scientists. 1 If we compare a human brain to a hard disc (硬盘), what the scientists are doing is to make better use of the hard disc.
Experiments have started on animals. In 1999, a transplant (移植) experiment was done at the Defense and Military Physiology Research Institute in the U. S. and turned a bear into a dolphin (海豚). 2 They were made of the memory area in the dolphin's brain containing information about swimming. They obtained a series of useful information, which was saved into a button sized chip (芯片). Later the information was transplanted into the action memory area in the bear's brain. 3 It proved to be a highly successful experiment and a bear was turned into a dolphin.
Not long ago, another memory transplant was performed at the Mot or Nerve Research Institute of the University of California. The experiment had an entire transplant of the memory area. 4 The transplant was performed from a dog named “Genius” to a dog named “Idiot”. “Genius” could understand and follow up to 100 gestures and orders made by its master. It was a real genius in memorizing. However, “Idiot” had no contact with people at all since its birth. It became an animal with nothing in its brain, without any memory.
5 When the two dogs woke up, “Idiot” had grasped all the abilities “Genius” had; it was good at memorizing and sensible. It could follow every gesture and any command given by its master. But “Genius” gave no response to its master, and in fact did not recognize him at all.
A. The experiment was a complete success.
B. Then it was released (释放) by means of electric power.
C. One of the latest research topics is how to change the human brain or combine it with the computer.
D. Different images have different meanings in the memory area.
E. It included actions, moods, logic, words, images, etc.
F. Discoveries show that messages are carried by the central nervous system in the brain.
G. Using the most advanced technology, detailed images were produced.
语篇解读：本文讲述了科学家对人脑的研究，主要讲述了对人脑移植的研究和在动物身上的实验。
1. 选C 根据“If we compare a human brain to a hard disc (硬盘)”，如果我们把人脑比作硬盘，C选项“最新的一个研究是如何改变人脑或者把人脑和电脑连在一起”，符合，故选C。
2. 选G 根据“They were made of the memory area in the dolphin's brain containing information about swimming”它们是由海豚脑中包含游泳信息的记忆区域形成的，G选项“使用最先进的技术能产生细化的图像”，符合，选择G。
3. 选B 根据“Later the information was transplanted into the action memory area in the bear's brain.”信息被移入熊脑中的行动记忆区，B选项“它通过电能被释放”，符合，故选B。
4. 选E 根据The experiment had an entire transplant of the memory area.实验对记忆区进行了整个的移植 ，E选项“它包括了行动、情绪、逻辑、语言、图像”等 ，符合，故选E。
5. 选A 根据When the two dogs woke up, “Idiot” had grasped all the abilities “Genius” had两只狗醒来时，愚蠢的那只掌握了聪明的那只的所有能力 ，A选项“实验很成功”符合，故选A。
Ⅵ.课时微写作(请根据提示把语段补充完整)
We are living in 1.a time when (一个……的时代)the country are communicating more with the world. We are 2.brought up (抚养) happily and educated well. Internet 3.has a great influence (对……有重大影响) on us and we always 4.stress the importance of (强调……的重要性) quick spreading of knowledge and information. 5.That's one of the reasons why (这是其中一个……的原因) our country is developing so quickly.PAGE
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Module 5 课时跟踪检测（三） Other Parts of the Module
Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1. During the school holidays, the children enjoyed their freedom (自由).
2. Let me have a look at the fuel (燃料) bills.
3. The book provides much material (素材；资料)for thought.
4. The novels are divided up into three categories (范畴，种类): historical, romantic, and criminal.
5. This kind of cloth feels soft (柔软的).
6. Would you like to make contributions (contribute) to the hospital rebuilding fund
7. The player is in very good condition, but his living conditions are very bad. (condition)
8. There is no doubt about his honesty (honest).
9. Her son was filled with ambition to become a great inventor (invent).
10. “Sometimes I wonder if there is any justice (just) in the world，” the woman said angrily.
Ⅱ.选词填空
be proud of， argue with， in good condition， up to， contribute to， in conclusion
1. In conclusion, I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here.
2. Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
3. Keep your car in good condition and it will drive long.
4. Mary often argues with her friends about small things angrily, which sometimes makes them very unhappy.
5. They were proud of their success.
6. I can take up to four people in my car.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. 他们不仅闯进他的办公室，偷走了他的书，而且还毁掉了他的书橱。
They not only broke into his office and stole his books，but also destroyed his bookcase.
2. 下班后她确实经常去购物。
She does often go shopping after work.
3. 我相信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.
4. 所有选手的健康状态良好。
All the players are in good condition.
5. 玛丽说服汤姆买了一辆新车。
Mary argued Tom into buying a new car.
Ⅳ.完形填空
A Pennsylvania patrol (巡逻) officer rescued (营救) a German shepherd (牧羊犬) from a car accident in South London berry.
Since the rescue, a photo of patrol officer Nick Ague carrying the 1 that his fellow police officers posted to Facebook has got nearly 4,500 likes and tons of 2 comments (评论).
“Amazing people still do exist(存在)！” one user 3 .
The act of heroism began on Aug. 11, when Ague heard on the radio that there had been a car 4 nearby, and that two dogs involved in the crash had fled (逃离) from the 5 .
“I heard other people say they saw a German shepherd 6 ，” Ague told ABC . “Based on the location I could 7 the dog was heading west.”
So Ague and a few fellow 8 set out to find the dog, who they later learned was named Mya. They flagged Mya down, 9 every time they stopped their patrol cars, she would run from them. They called Mya' s 10 ， and when she arrived on the scene, Mya 11 stopped running. And then the dog wouldn't move at all.
That was when Ague realized something was 12 . He quickly realized that it wasn't that the dog wouldn't move but 13 not move.
“The dog was not moving because the skin on her feet was hanging off 14 the distance she ran，” Ague explained. “She ran two miles from the crash on hot asphalt (柏油). ”
“When I realized that's why she couldn't walk，” he said, “the 15 thing I could think of doing was to pick her up.”
So he 16 Mya up, who he said weighed around 75 pounds, and 17 her about 100 yards to her owner's car.
Mya's owner, Megan Smith, said that Mya's feet were already healed (痊愈), and she was now walking 18 .
Ague, who has a German shepherd of his own and described himself as “a real animal 19 ”， said he never thought of doing anything besides 20 Mya.
语篇解读：本文讲述了巡逻人员营救德国牧羊犬的事迹。
1. A. dog B. baby
C. cat D. man
解析：选A dog“狗”；baby“宝宝”；cat“猫”；man“男人”。根据上文可知救援队营救了一条狗，所以是队员和狗的照片，故选A。
2. A. interesting B. short
C. admiring D. helpful
解析：选C interesting“有趣的”；short“短的”；admiring“崇拜的”；helpful“有帮助的”。评论者对救援队表示敬意，故选C。
3. A. cried B. argued
C. wrote D. doubted
解析：选C cry“哭”；argue“争论”；write“写”；doubt“疑惑”。有一个评论者在Facebook上写到“令人惊讶的人真的存在！”，故选C。
4. A. engine B. park
C. driver D. accident
解析：选D engine“引擎”；park“公园”；driver“司机”；accident“意外”。根据下文的crash可知这是一场交通事故(car accident)，选D。
5. A. room B. zoo
C. hospital D. scene
解析：选D room“房间”；zoo“动物园”；hospital“医院”；scene“现场”。车祸里的两只狗从车祸的现场逃离了，选D。
6. A. climbing B. running
C. swimming D. sleeping
解析：选B climb“爬”；run“跑”；swim“游泳”；sleep“睡觉”。我听到别人说看见一只德国牧羊犬跑开了，故选B。
7. A. tell B. imagine
C. hope D. declare
解析：选A tell“告诉”；imagine“想象”；hope“希望”；declare“宣布”。根据地点我可以说两只狗是向西边跑的，可知选A。
8. A. doctors B. officers
C. operators D. reporters
解析：选B doctor“医生”；officer“职员”；operator“操作员”；reporter“报告员”。根据fellow police officer可知这些人都是职员，故选B。
9. A. since B. unless
C. but D. though
解析：选C since“自从”；unless“除非”；but“但是”；though“虽然，不过”。他们打信号让狗停下，但是每当他们停下来时，狗都会跑开，选C。
10. A. owner B. seller
C. trainer D. leader
解析：选A owner“所有者”；seller“售货员”；trainer“训练员”；leader“领导者”。他们叫来了狗的主人，当主人来时，狗终于停下来，选A。
11. A. really B. nearly
C. finally D. secretly
解析：选C really“实际上”；nearly“几乎”；finally“最终”；secretly“秘密地”。当主人来时，狗终于停了下来，选C。
12. A. stupid B. simple
C. funny D. wrong
解析：选D stupid“愚蠢的”；simple“简单的”；funny“有趣的”；wrong“错误的，不对”。他意识到了狗有点不对劲，选D。
13. A. should B. must
C. could D. might
解析：选C should“应该”；must“必须”；could“能”；might“可能”。他发现狗不是不想动，而是不能动，could表示有能力做某事，故选C。
14. A. in addition to B. because of
C. in spite of D. instead of
解析：选B in addition to“另外”；because of“因为”；in spite of“尽管”；instead of“而不是”。因为狗受了伤，跑了这么久的距离，腿上的皮肤都耷拉下来了，故选B。
15. A. last B. same
C. other D. only
解析：选D last“最后”；same“同样”；other“另一个”；only“仅仅”。那个时候我想到的唯一的事情就是把它抱起来，故选D。
16. A. lifted B. gave
C. waked D. dressed
解析：选A lift“举起，提升”；give“给”；wake“醒来”；dress“装扮”。所以我把它抱起来了，上文写到“I could think of doing was to pick her up”我想把它抱起来，故选A。
17. A. pulled B. carried
C. pushed D. drove
解析：选B pull“拉”；carry“搬”；push“推”；drive“驾驶”。并且把它带到自己的车子里面，故选B。
18. A. normally B. carefully
C. calmly D. regularly
解析：选A normally“普通”；carefully“仔细”；calmly“平静”；regularly“有规律”。狗的腿已经被治好了，现在能够正常走路了，故选A。
19. A. keeper B. dealer
C. researcher D. lover
解析：选D keeper“监护人，看守人，饲养员”；dealer“经销商，商人”；researcher“研究者”；lover“爱人，爱护者”；一个真正的动物爱好者，故选D。
20. A. leaving B. finding
C. rescuing D. curing
解析：选C leave“离开”；find“找到”；rescue“拯救”；cure“治疗”。上文提到他救了德国牧羊犬，说明在整个过程中，除了救这条狗他其他什么也没想。故选C。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
Lao Zi, also Li Dan by name, lived in late Spring and Autumn Period. He was from the state of Chu. He was a knowledgeable person that even the great Confucius had once consulted (咨询) him on things that he couldn't understand as a young man. Lao Zi wrote the book Dao De Jing, the classic for Daoism.
“Dao” is the core (核心) of Lao Zi's philosophy. “Dao” in its original meaning, is a road that leads to all directions. Lao Zi gave a new meaning to it. By the word Dao, he means it is the basic element (元素，成分) or root that can give birth to all things, and at the same time, it is independent of all other things.
Lao Zi believed that things are established in their antithetical (对立的) relationship. We can see the positive (积极的) side of the things and at the same time, we should also see the negative (消极的) side of them. When the opposite side develops to the extreme, it will have to turn to the other side. When things reach their prime (鼎盛时期), they have to decline.
He also believed that quantity changes could lead to quality changes. For example, a small seed could grow into a tall tree. He encouraged people that continued efforts will eventually bring about success.
Lao Zi was against wars and over taxation (征税) from the ruling class. His Utopia (理想国) is: a small state with a small population. Everything would be so convenient that people could go about their life without the need for carriages and boats. People eat well and dress finely. Two states could be very near that each could hear the noise from the other side, but never in their life should they have the necessity of exchange with each other. There's not even the need for writings.
Lao Zi's philosophy later had a great influence on later philosophers.
语篇解读：文章介绍了老子的生平，详细介绍了他的思想主张。
1. Confucius had once consulted Lao Zi on things, which showed that Lao Zi .
A. was famous B. was hard working
C. knew a lot D. liked to help others
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“He was a knowledgeable person that even the great Confucius had once consulted him”可知，因为他是一位有学问的人，所以孔子向他咨询问题。故选C。
2. Lao Zi thought “Dao” .
A. is the root of all things B. is the end of all things
C. only means a road D. means nothing
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“By the word Dao, he means it is the basic element or root that can give birth to all things”可知，老子认为道是万物的根本。
3. Which of the following can be the belief of Lao Zi
A. When misfortune reaches the limit, good fortune is at hand.
B. A bad thing never dies.
C. A close mouth catches no flies.
D. Actions speak louder than words.
解析：选A 推理判断题。A项表示“否极泰来”；B项表示“坏事传千年”；C项表示“病从口入，祸从口出”；D项表示“事实胜于雄辩”。根据第三段可知，老子认为事物之间是对立的。故A项正确。
4. Which of the following ideas is Lao Zi for
A. People dress well in a big country with a small population.
B. People dress well in a small country with a large population.
C. People dress well in a small country with a small population.
D. People are taxed by the ruling class.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段的“His Utopia is: a small state with a small population.”和“People eat well and dress finely.”可知。
B
Lots of people like a good fright at Halloween (万圣节). Yet, the most frightening thing of all about the night is that twice as many children are killed while out and about on Halloween compared to any other day of the year, according to a study by Safe Kids Worldwide. It can also be a worrying time for others, especially elderly people living alone. But many people think it's just harmless fun.
But is it harmless fun
Police forces across Britain are giving warnings about Halloween night. They are asking all those wishing to celebrate Halloween this year to respect those who don't want to join in.
Some forces, like West Mercia Police, have produced “Sorry, No Trick or Treat” posters which can be downloaded from their website, and put up in windows. They want people to send them to the old or anyone who may be frightened by ghosts (鬼) knocking on their doors.
A spokesman said: “Children should not call on houses where the posters are put up, neither should they call on strangers, as this can put young people at risk and also make some house owners anxious, especially those who are elderly or living alone.”
The police want all trick or treaters to remember that disturbing other people or throwing objects at their homes or cars are all criminal offences (刑事罪). “What may start off as a bit of fun could end up with someone getting a criminal record，” they warn. “Parents may want to consider having a Halloween party at home, instead.”
Kent Police are warning young people never to go into the home of someone they don't know — and to remember not to frighten people.
Warwickshire Police are also warning that tricks may seem like harmless fun but can cause trouble to others. They say behaviour such as throwing eggs can quickly cross the line between being anti social and causing criminal damage. This can result in fines of ￡2,500 for small offences.
语篇解读：本文介绍了英国万圣节的时候儿童会因为受到惊吓而死亡，很多人因为万圣节的“trick or treat”而受到伤害。警察也在采取行动帮助人们免受其害。
5. The study made by Safe kids Worldwide has found that .
A. kids are afraid of Halloween
B. Halloween brings people no fun
C. kids are involved in criminal offences
D. Halloween night puts some kids at risk
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Yet, the most frightening thing of all about the night is that twice as many children are killed while out and about on Halloween compared to any other day of the year, according to a study by Safe Kids Worldwide.”可知在万圣节这天的晚上死亡的儿童是平时的两倍。再根据文章第五段“this can put young people at risk and also make some house owners anxious, especially those who are elderly or living alone.”可知万圣节的这一活动让一些孩子处于危险之中。故D正确。
6. British police forces are making efforts to .
A. put an end to trick or treat
B. control anti social behaviors
C. punish those who frighten others
D. make Halloween safe trouble free
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章最后三段可知英国警方正在警告年轻人不要做那些他们认为是 harmless fun 的事情，警察的目的在于把万圣节搞成是没有任何危险和伤害的节日。故D正确。
7. “Sorry, No Trick or Treat” posters are designed to .
A. ask people to respect the elderly
B. make some people free from harm
C. warn little kids to behave themselves
D. express disagreement with Halloween
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知“Sorry, No Trick or Treat”牌子的目的就在于让那些挂这些牌子的房子不受到伤害。故B正确。PAGE
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Module 5 课时跟踪检测（一） Introduction & Reading —
Pre-reading
阅读理解
A
Copernicus was born in Torun，Poland, on February 19, 1473. Little is known about his early life except that his father died when he was 10.An uncle adopted him, his two sisters, and his brother. The uncle saw to it that the two boys received a good education. Copernicus went to the University of Cracow. There he studied such subjects as Latin, mathematics, and astronomy. It was probably at that time that he changed his Polish name, Niklas Koppernigk, to the Latin form of Nicolaus Copernicus. In 1496 Copernicus went to Italy, where he spent the next 10 years studying at various universities.
In Copernicus' time people still believed that all things — the sun, the stars, and the planets — moved around the earth. It was an old belief that few men had ever questioned. Aristotle had based his theory of astronomy on this belief. Because the Church had long been the center of learning, the theory was also linked to religious beliefs.
In 1506 Copernicus returned to his homeland. A few years later he began to work for the Church. All those years Copernicus carried on his work in astronomy. He had just the most basic equipment and, like other scientists of his day, made observations with only his eyes. Still, using mathematics and logic (逻辑), Copernicus worked out a different theory, which held that the planets went around the sun.
Copernicus did not announce his ideas. He did not want to make trouble. But he could not hide the scientific truth. So he talked about his theory with his friends, who strongly advised him to have his work published. His great book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, appeared at the very end of his life. Copernicus saw the first copy on the day he died, May 24, 1543.
语篇解读：文章介绍了哥白尼的生平及其贡献。
1. Which of the following is TRUE about Copernicus
A. He had two brothers and a sister.
B. He used to be called Niklas Koppernigk.
C. He lost his father soon after he was born.
D. He spent 10 years at the University of Cracow.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第一段倒数第二句“It was probably at that time that he changed his Polish name，Niklas Koppernigk, to the Latin form of Nicolaus Copernicus.”可知B项正确。
2. From the passage we can see that “astronomy” is .
A. the life experience of great men
B. the movement of the stars and the planets
C. the scientific study of natural objects in space
D. the theories developed by scientists of old times
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第二、三段可知，哥白尼研究天文学即研究太阳周围的行星。由此推出答案。
3. Copernicus developed his theory .
A. using various telescopes
B. based on Aristotle's beliefs
C. through observations and reasoning (推理)
D. under the encouragement of his friends
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第三段第四、五句可知，哥白尼是通过观察和推理来发展自己的理论的。
4. The writer of the passage tells us that .
A. Copernicus did not tell about his discovery until the day of his death
B. for many years Copernicus dared to do nothing openly against the Church
C. pushed by his friends Copernicus decided to write a book in May 1543
D. shortly before he got back to Poland Copernicus started to work for the Church
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后两段可知，哥白尼多年一直没有宣布自己的理论，直至晚年才敢出版著作。
B
I ran into a local store today to pick up a few things. With an important meeting to attend, I was in a hurry , so I didn't take a cart (手推车) on my way inside. As I walked between the shelves in the store, I passed by a young couple and their baby. I continued going through the store, picked up a few items I needed and ended up standing behind this couple in the checkout line.
While waiting, I noticed that the young father was holding his money tightly and nervously. The young mother was carrying a baby in her arms and asked the cashier (收银员) for a job application.
When the total was rung up, they had to pick items out of their cart because they didn't have enough money. But all their items were basic necessities (必需品) that they needed most. It just broke my heart to watch the couple try to think about what they could do without. However, they were able to whittle down their items and paid the bill with the money that they had.
After they left, I quietly asked the cashier to add those items to mine. The cashier rang everything up, and then got me a shopping cart. We put in their items and I hurried over to their car. “This is for you，” I told them.
The young father just looked at me with such appreciation and thanked me. I will never forget the expression in his eyes. As I was getting into my car, they drove over. The young mother said, “Miss, thank you so much.”
Tears welled up in my eyes — as they are again now, while I write this. “You are so welcome. Pay it forward some day,” I replied.
语篇解读：本文作者通过帮助一对贫穷的夫妇，告诉人们要帮助那些需要帮助的人。
5. The underlined phrase “whittle down” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.
A. add to B. break down
C. cut down D. pay for
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“However, they were able to whittle down their items and paid the bill with the money that they had.”然而，他们能够削减他们的物品，用所有的钱付了账单。可知选C。
6. The author felt to watch the couple taking some items out.
A. sad B. angry
C. excited D. interested
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Tears welled up in my eyes”眼泪从我的眼睛里涌出，可知作者难过，故选A。
7. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. the young father felt so sorry to accept help
B. the young mother didn't have a job then
C. the cashier treated the young couple impolitely
D. the young couple bought something unnecessary
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段“The young mother was carrying a baby in her arms and asked the cashier (收银员) for a job application.”这位年轻的妈妈抱着婴儿，向收银员要一份工作申请。故选B。
8. The author's main purpose in sharing the story is to tell us .
A. what a great plan she made
B. to take a cart while shopping
C. how to pick out basic necessities
D. to help those who are in need
解析：选D 写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“You are so welcome. Pay it forward some day(不客气，有一天要把这种关爱传递出去)”也就是说：帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选D。
C
Many children who are starting school are not able to speak because their parents are too busy to talk to them, a leading teacher, Sir Robin Bosher, the director of primary education at Harris Federation, has warned.
Nearly half of four and five year olds at one school know 30 to 50 words or fewer, Sir Robin said — a similar level of English seen in 18 month olds. By four or five, healthy children can normally say 1,500 to 2,000 words.
Sir Robin said 57 out of 60 children who began at the school last September spoke no English, but this presents little problem for teachers, as young children can become fluent within six months.
However, 25 children in the year had “no or hardly any” ability to speak any language whatsoever.
“The first three months is used to teach language. It takes a lot of work,” said Sir Robin, “The problem has worsened over my 30 year career.”
“The language shortage has increased because there's a larger number of children without English. It's also because the amount of time that parents talk to children is reduced. Many mums or dads are working all the time because they have three or four jobs. It's about time, or the understanding of how important that is.”
“Many of the children have little experience of playing with others. So you have to help children to learn how to play as well. It's a fact, and you have to deal with it.”
Michael Gove, the UK education secretary, has said that some children arrive at school still wearing nappies (尿布), because the state has been too slow to intervene (插手) in the “disordered” homes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了许多学龄孩子不会说话因为他们的父母太忙了而没有与孩子们交谈。
9. How many words does an 18 month old child usually know, according to the text
A. 30 to 50. B. 50 to 60.
C. 1,000 to 1,500. D. 1,500 to 2,000.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由文中第二段的“Nearly half of four and five year olds at one school know 30 to 50 words or fewer, Sir Robin said — a similar level of English seen in 18 month olds”可知某个学校里大概一半的四五岁的孩子知道30～50个单词，但对一般的英国人来说这是18个月的水平。所以通常来讲18个月的孩子知道30～50个单词。故选A。
10. Why are more and more children not able to speak enough English
A. They don't want to learn it.
B. Their parents don't want them to learn it.
C. Their parents have little time to communicate with them.
D. There are no teachers to teach them.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由文章第一段的“Many children who are starting school are not able to speak because their parents are too busy to talk to them”可知孩子们不会说话的原因是父母不与之交流。故选C。
11. What can we infer from the underlined sentence
A. The government ignores the importance of language.
B. The government should make some rules for families to follow.
C. Parents believe in the social principle.
D. Children aren't polite enough.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的画线句子“the state has been too slow to intervene (插手) in the ‘disordered’ homes”政府的效率太慢以至于不能插手混乱的家庭。这句话暗含指责之意，指责政府应该加强管理，孩子们在这种混乱的家庭中成长是很不利的。故选B。
