【中考夺分天天练（译林·全国）】2014素材化中考英语总复习课件（含13年试题）：专题 12　简单句陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句

课件36张PPT。专题 12　简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 专题12┃简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) ┃考点直击┃1　陈述句
　 陈述句是用于陈述事实和观点的句子，包括肯定结构和否定结构。肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下：
1．be 动词的否定式： 在be动词后面加否定词not。如：
We aren't classmates. 我们不是同学。专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 2．情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如：
I can't speak English well. 我英语说得不好。
3．实义动词的否定式： 借助助动词do/does/did构成。一般现
在时的句子的否定结构为“主语＋doesn‘t/don’t＋动词原形＋
其他．”。如：
He doesn't do exercise every day.
他不是每天都锻炼。 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 2　疑问句
疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。
1．一般疑问句： 通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通
常是“Yes”或“No”。如：
—Are you tired? 你累吗？
—Yes, I am.是的，我累。
2．选择疑问句： 指提出两个或两个以上的可能答案供对方
选择。如：
Shall we go home or stay here for the night?
我们回家还是待在这里过夜？专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 3．特殊疑问句： 以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的
句子叫特殊疑问句。如：
What do you like most? 你最喜欢什么？
4．反意疑问句： 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，由两部分组
成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短
的提问(即简短疑问句)，中间用逗号隔开。反意疑问句遵循
“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原则，且两部分的人称和时态要
保持一致。专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 中考中常见的反意疑问句的构成情况如下：
(1)陈述部分为“Let us…”时，问句部分习惯上用“will
you？”； 陈述部分为“Let's…”时，问句部分习惯上用“shall
we？”。如：
Let us go to the cinema, will you?
让我们去看电影好吗？
Let's go to the cinema, shall we? 让我们去看电影好吗？
(2)陈述部分为“There (Here)＋ be ＋主语”时，问句部分用
“be＋not＋there (here)？”形式。如：
There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there?
盘子里有两块蛋糕，不是吗？专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (3)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly,
seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：
She seldom goes swimming, does she?
她很少去游泳，是吗？
(4)陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用
it。如：
Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it?
那台电脑有问题了，不是吗？
(5)陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用
he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they保持一致。如：
Someone is knocking at the door, isn't he?
有人在敲门，不是吗？专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (6)反意疑问句的陈述部分为“I (We) don't think (believe,
suppose, consider等)＋ that从句”时，问句部分的动词和主
语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：
I don't think that he has finished the work on time, has he?
我认为他没有按时完成工作，不是吗？
(7)反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-， im-， in-， dis-等否
定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，
问句部分用否定形式。如：
It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平，不是吗？专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (8)陈述部分为肯定的祈使句时，反意疑问句部分可用“will
you/won‘t you？”； 陈述部分为否定的祈使句时，反意疑问
句部分只能用“will you？”。 如：
Don't make any noise, will you?
不要制造噪音，好吗？专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 3　祈使句
祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。其否定式是直接在动词原形前加don't。常见的祈使句的基本句型如下：
1．动词原形＋其他。如：
Be careful.小心。
2．Do＋动词原形(加强语气)。如：
Do be careful next time.下次要小心。
3．加please的祈使句(表示更加客气和礼貌)。如：
Open the door, please.请打开门。专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 4　感叹句
感叹句一般用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what或how引导，句末用感叹号。
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！
如：
What a difficult question it is!多么难的一个问题啊！
(2)What＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(＋主语＋
谓语)！如：
What useful information！多有用的信息啊！专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！如：
How kind they are！他们多和蔼啊！
(2)How＋陈述句(主语＋谓语)！如：
How time flies！时间飞逝！
3．what引导的感叹句可以和how引导的感叹句互换。
如：
What a good girl！＝How good the girl is!
多好的女孩啊！专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 5　倒装句
1．副词位于句首时。here, there, now, then等副词置于句
首时句子要倒装，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run
等。这种倒装结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称
代词时则不能完全倒装。如：
Here he comes.他来了。
2．only在句首强调状语时。如：
Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
到那时他才意识到他错了。
3．以so/neither/nor开头的句子。说明前面的内容也适用于
后者时用倒装句“so/neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动
词＋主语”。如：
John can't swim, neither can I.约翰不会游泳，我也不会。专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) ┃考点过关 ┃基础过关 句型转换
1．Our school is beautiful.(改为感叹句)
________ ________ our school is!
2．Diana made great success in her research because
she put her effort into it. (改为简单句)
Diana made great success in her research ________
________ her effort.How beautiful becauseof专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 3．The children have never done that before. (改为反意疑问句)
The children have never done that before, _____ _____？
4．There are fifty students in our class. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ students are there in your class?
5．Chen Ping received an e-mail last Friday. (改为否定句)
Chen Ping ________ ________ an e-mail last Friday. have they How many didn't receive 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) 中考透视 (　　)1. [2013·安徽] —________can you finish this English
exam?
—In about one and a half hours.
A. How far　　　 B. How often
C. How soon D. How longC 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)2. [2013·温州] —It's Father's Day，________？
—Yes. Let's buy a gift for Dad.
A. isn't it B. doesn't it
C. isn't he D. doesn't he A [解析]根据反意疑问句的句式结构“前肯后否”和上半句的主语it可知正确答案为A。 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)3. [2013·雅安] ________ lovely the squirrel is!
A. What a B. How
C. What D. How aB [解析]感叹句有两种基本句式：“How＋形容词/副词＋(主语＋谓语)！”和“What(＋a/an)＋形容词＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！”lovely是形容词，所以选B。 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)4. [2012·永州] ________ get off the bus before it stops.
A．Don't B．Doesn't
C．Didn't D．Hadn't
(　　)5. [2012·济宁] —Peter doesn't know many people here.
—________．
A．So do I B．So am I
C．Neither am I D．Neither do I AD专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)1. I don't think she will pass the exam, ________？
A．won't she B．will she
C．does she D．doesn't
(　　)2. —Mr Wang's never been to Canada, has he?
—________. He went there on business last week.
A．No, he hasn't B．Yes, he has
C．No, he has D．Yes, he hasn'tB ┃语法专练 ┃B 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)3. Don't make so much noise, Lily, ________？
A．do you B．don't you
C．will you D．won't you
(　　)4. You've just finished your listening exam. Please get
yourself ready for the next part, ________？
A．shall we B．will you
C．do you D．are youCB[解析]祈使句的反意疑问句应用“will you？”。 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)5. [2013·安顺] Tom，________ afraid of speaking in
front of people. You are the best one.
A．don't B．not C．not be D．don't be
(　　)6. [2013·威海] —________are you leaving for Beijing?
—In a couple of days.
A．How far B．How often
C．How soon D．How long
(　　)7. —There is nothing else to do, ________？
—No, there isn't. We can have a rest.
A．is there B．isn't there
C．is it D．isn't itDC A 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)8. [2013·宜宾] —Sam didn't go to school yesterday,
did he?
—________. He was ill yesterday.
A．Yes, he did B．No, he did
C．No, he didn't D．Yes, he didn't
(　　)9. There are more and more foreigners learning
Chinese, ________？
A．are there B．aren't there
C．are they D．aren't theyC B 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)10. [2013·兰州] —He hasn't watched the movie So
Young, has he?
—________. He told me it's very moving and
interesting. He'd like to watch it again.
A．Yes, he has B．Yes, he hasn't
C．No, he hasn't D．No, he has
(　　)11. Nothing is more important than life，________？
A．is it B．isn't it C．are they D．aren't they
(　　)12. —________afraid of making mistakes. Failure is
the mother of success.
—Thanks for encouraging me.
A．Don't B．Don't be C．Not be D．Be notAAB专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)13. Boys and girls，_______ your hands if you want to
take part in the summer camp.
A．putting B．to put
C．put up D．put
(　　)14. ________this kind of peach, and you will like it.
A. To try B．Trying C．Try D．Tried
(　　)15. —________ here on time next time, or you'll be
punished.
—Sorry for being late again.
A．Be B. Being C．To be D. BeenCCA专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)16. ________， because it's bad for your health.
A．Don't to eat too much
B. No eat too much
C．Never eat too much
D. Never eating too much
(　　)17. —________ late for school again, Tom.
—Sorry, I promise that I ________.
A．Don't; won't B．Don't be; won't
C．Don't be; don't D．Don't; willC B 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)18. [2013·兰州] —________ bowl of mutton soup would
you like?
—A big bowl, please.
A．What size B．What big
C．How much D．How size
(　　)19. [2013·济南] —Jenny, I need some milk.
—OK, Mum.________ do you need?
A．How much B．How many
C．How often D．How longAA专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)20. [2013·济南] —Do you like summer or winter?
—________. I really like the snow.
A．Yes, I do B．No, I don't
C．Summer D．Winter
(　　)21. —________did you receive the letter?
—Just now.
A．What B．When C．Where D．Why
(　　)22. —________？
—The one on the stage.
A．Who are boys B．Where's the boy
C．Who's that boy D．Which boyD B D 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)23. —Have you watered the trees?
—________.I'm too busy and forget it.
A．Yes, I did B．Yes, I have
C．No, I didn't D．No, I haven't
(　　)24. ________ wonderful news report he wrote! All of us
were proud of him.
A．What a B．What C．How D．How aD A 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)25. [2013·安顺] ________ good time they had last
weekend!
A．How B．What C．What a D．How a
(　　)26. [2013·广东] Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for
Literature last year. ________ excellent he is!
A．How B．What C. What a D．What anCA[解析] what后面的中心词是名词， how后面的中心词是形容词或副词，又因have a good time是固定结构。故选C。 [解析] how强调形容词，what强调名词，由形容词excellent可知用how强调。故选A。 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)27. [2012·广东] ________exciting it is to swim in the
sea while it is hot!
A．How B．What C．How an D．What an
(　　)28. —Look, ________ dirty the water is!
—Yes, we should really take some actions to deal
with it.
A. what a B．what C．how D．how a
(　　)29. ________ we made the snowman last Sunday!
A．What a great fun B．What great fun
C．How a great fun D．How great funA C B 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)30. —Two ________ died in the accident.
—________ terrible it is!
A．policemen; How B．policeman; What
C．police; What D．policemans; How
(　　)31. —Dad, do you like my picture?
—________！ It's the nicest one I've ever seen!
A．What beautiful B. How careful
C．How wonderful D. What wonderful picture
(　　)32. —I have changed my job.
—________.
A．So do I B．So have I
C．So I do D．So I haveA C B 专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)33. —Tom had got high marks in the last exam.
—________， and so did I.
A．So he had B．So had he
C．So he did D．So did he
(　　)34. If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so
________ I.
A．do　 B．am　 C．will　 D．shouldAC[解析]用“so ＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的，的确”。专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)35. Hey, Nick. ________ comes the last bus! Hurry up,
or we'll have to walk home.
A．This B．There C．That D．It
(　　)36. John can't swim, ________ I.
A．so can B．nor can
C．neither can't D．so do BB[解析]以here/there开头的句子通常完全倒装。故选B。 [解析]说明前面的内容也适用于后者时，用倒装句“so/neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”。专题12┃ 简单句(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句) (　　)37. —Would you like to go fishing?
—If Li Ping doesn't go, ________.
A．so do I B．neither I do
C．neither do I D．neither will I
(　　)38. Only by taking more exercise ________ keep
healthy.
A．can you B．you can
C．are you D．you areD A