备战2023年高三英语阅读理解分类训练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 备战2023年高三英语阅读理解分类训练（含解析） |  | |
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备战2023年高三英语阅读理解分类训练
（2022·辽宁丹东·二模）After circling Earth for six months, the three crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission have departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation’s longest manned spaceflight.
Zhai Zhigang, who was the mission commander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air for the first time after the half-year space journey as ground recovery staff opened the door of their reentry capsule (返回舱) at 10: 03 am.
Medical service workers on the site told China Central Television that the astronauts are in good condition. Carrying the mission crew, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft left from the Tiangong station at 12: 44 am. In the last hours of their stay inside the Tiangong, the astronauts worked with ground controllers to adjust the station, sending some experimental data back to Earth and sorting out materials.
The crew has set a new record for China’s longest spaceflight, almost doubling the previous record of 92 days created by their colleagues in the Shenzhou XII mission who travelled with Tiangong from mid-June to mid-September last year.
During the Shenzhou XIII mission, the astronauts carried out two spacewalks that totaled more than 12 hours. They tested components on the station’s robotic arm and used it to practice spacewalk. Wang took part in the first spacewalk on Nov 7, becoming the first female Chinese spacewalker.
The crew members also carried out two science lectures from the space station for Chinese students. In one experiment, Wang used a Bing Dwen Dwen toy, the popular mascot (吉祥物) of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, to display how objects fly in weightless environment. The space-based lessons marked the start of the Tiangong Class series, China’s first space lecture series that aims to popularize space science and inspire youngsters to pursue their “science and space dreams”, according to the manned space agency.
1．What mission did the crew members accomplish
A．Living in space for half a year.
B．Controlling the space station on their own.
C．Opening the door of the reentry capsule.
D．Departing from the planet on Saturday morning.
2．Which was the achievement of the astronauts
A．They completed a 12-hour spacewalk.
B．They conducted two science experiments.
C．They became the first Chinese spacewalkers.
D．They checked parts on the station’s robotic arm.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Teenagers will be sent into space station to explore.
B．There will definitely be more space lectures in the future.
C．“Science and space dreams” will be the top aim among teenagers.
D．Astronauts will use more Bing Dwen Dwen toys to do experiments.
4．Which is the best title of the text
A．Inspire Youngsters to Pursue Space Dreams
B．The Mission Commander of Tiangong Station
C．Space-based Lessons Marked the Start of the Tiangong Class
D．Crew Members of the Shenzhou XIII Mission Returned to Earth
（2022·四川·宜宾市教科所三模）SpaceX, a private company, has put 60 Starlink communication satellites into orbit, bringing the total circling Earth to 180. They will bring internet access to underserved areas of the world. But it seems they also mess with telescopes.
When the satellites pass through a telescope’s field of view, they create bright streaks(条痕) that cut through images of the sky, hiding anything that might be behind them and pouring so much light into the telescope that it causes some observations unusable.
“What surprised everyone - the astronomy community and SpaceX - was how bright the satellites are”, said anxiously space experts. Actually SpaceX did talk about the issue elsewhere. The problem for astronomers doesn’t end with SpaceX. Blue Origin, One Web and Amazon plan to launch thousands of communications satellites in the coming years.
In an effort to ease astronomers’ fears, SpaceX is testing one satellite that is a bit different from the others. It was included in the most recent launch and is partially coated in a dark material to make it less shiny and so less visible in telescope images. We don’t have any data yet on whether the coating is working as intended.
Once the satellites are in space, there is no backtracking. While companies like SpaceX do need approval from regulatory bodies(监察机构) for each launch, there is no rule that prevents them from launching an unlimited number of satellites.
“We have to rely on firms such as SpaceX voluntarily cooperating with astronomers to attempt to keep the impacts of their satellite constellations (卫星星座) as low as possible.” said space experts.
With more than 1,500 Starlink satellites scheduled for launch in the near future, that cooperation will need to be speedy if it is going to make any difference.
5．Why does SpaceX launch so many communication satellites
A．To expand internet services worldwide.
B．To make users surf the Internet quickly.
C．To disturb the operation of telescopes.
D．To further present space research.
6．What are space experts worried
A．Satellites are too shiny to be seen.
B．Satellites occupy the area of telescopes.
C．Too many satellites move in outer space.
D．The normal use of the telescopes is affected.
7．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The number of satellite launches will decrease.
B．Coated satellites can effectively weaken brightness.
C．The regulations of satellite launching are not powerful.
D．SpaceX’s cooperation with astronomers remains to be seen.
8．What is probably the best title for the passage
A．Troubles Made by Satellites
B．Satellites Threatening Astronomers
C．SpaceX and Its Future Starlink Plan
D．Cooperation with Astronomy Community
（2022·重庆市涪陵高级中学校模拟预测）Space travelers face a number of health risks. Astronauts have reported loss of bones and muscle and some even have developed immune disorders and heart problems. A new study finds that energy-producing new structures in cells might be to blame for many of these problems.
A systems biologist, Afshin Beheshti, who studies how different parts of the body work together, also a member of a team of researchers that want to know how spaceflight might affect cells and tissues, notes, “It’s a basic question.”
The team looked at NASA GeneLab’s collection of data from past space biology experiments and studied cells and tissues from mice and people and compared space travelers with others that had remained on Earth.
“The idea is not only to look at one type of chemical,”Beheshti says. Rather, they wanted to “look at the living system as a whole”. And in doing that, they found a common theme. After some time in space, mitochondria, the energy powerhouses of cells, often didn’t work as well as they should.
Those findings are consistent with samples from NASA’s Twin Study. Before retiring, astronaut Scott Kelly spent nearly a year aboard the International Space Station. His twin, Mark remained on the ground. Afterward, blood samples from the two showed different mitochondrial activities.
For the latest study, Beheshti and his team studied GeneLab data for many types of cells and tissues. Another focus was related to metabolism. That process includes a mix of chemical activities that supports life in cells, organs and the whole body.
Damage to mitochondria may be a common factor in spaceflight health risks, the team now concludes. Finding similar changes in so many astronauts indeed points to some general effect, agrees Michael Snyder, a systems biologist at Stanford University in California, who worked on Scott and Mark Kelly’s Twin Study but was not part of the new analysis. If mitochondria are the cause, dealing with problems of them could help protect future astronauts. Some diseases cause mitochondrial defects(线粒体缺陷). Dealing with such diseases in different ways may help reduce astronauts’ health risks. Future studies could test if existing drugs prevent mitochondrial problems in cells, animals and people on long deep-space travels.
9．What might cause astronauts to have health problems according to the new study
A．Temperature difference. B．Heart cell increase.
C．Cell problems. D．Tiring work.
10．Which method did Beheshti’s team employ to do the research
A．They did all kinds of tests on astronaut Scott Kelly.
B．They referred to some previous data.
C．They followed some astronauts for many years.
D．They observed behaviors of astronauts in person.
11．What may contribute to the decrease of astronauts’ health risks
A．Treating the diseases which cause mitochondrial defects.
B．Performing fewer long deep-space travels.
C．Letting new structure in cells grow quickly.
D．Making astronauts eat as healthily as possible.
12．What’s the main idea of the text
A．Astronauts face great danger in the space station.
B．Space travels are really dangerous to astronauts’ health.
C．Scientists have found ways to reduce astronauts’ health risks.
D．Space travels may harm health by damaging mitochondria.
（2022·河南·南阳中学三模）Humans have been exploring the infinite abyss (深渊) beyond Earth’s atmosphere. When astronauts explore the vast expanse of outer space, they need to wear high-tech spacesuits to protect them from the freezing conditions of the universe.
Hollywood movies have idealized the iconic suit, its design leading the masses to believe it’s an outfit that can be slipped on within minutes. In fact, the spacesuit which is made up of nearly a half dozen different components and can have up to 16 layers is its own fully functioning spacecraft that takes hours to put on and requires help from one’s colleagues.
The astronauts on the Artemis missions, NASA’s next program to send the first woman and the first person of color to the moon, will wear the latest spacesuit, called the exploration extravehicular mobility unit, also known as xEMU, according to NASA．
Each spacesuit has a portable life support system, which includes a water tank for the cooling garment and carbon dioxide removal system to regulate body temperature, remove excess heat and maintain the astronauts’ health, said Richard Rhodes, the deputy lead for xEMU pressure garment development at NASA．A two-way radio system is also included so the astronauts can communicate during the missions.
“When the Apollo astronauts walked on the moon, they couldn’t bend over and pick up a rock,” said NASA astronaut Mike Fincke. Fortunately, spacesuits have come a long way since then and have a more flexible structure with gloves. The gloves are one of the most complicated parts of the spacesuit, said Cathleen Lewis, curator of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum. “Gloves are very difficult to design to be protective and also allow the manual dexterity (灵巧) that astronauts need to do meaningful work.” she noted.
The spacesuits will also be getting some upgrades for the latest lunar mission. Richard Rhodes’s team is working on the spacesuit that will allow for more movement to explore the rough terrain of the moon while still being strong enough to protect the wearer.
13．What can we learn about the spacesuit in Hollywood movies
A．It provides the most ideal design. B．It functions as a spacecraft of its own.
C．It can be put on without too much difficulty. D．It can protect the astronauts from the cold in space.
14．In what aspect does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about the latest spacesuit
A．Its operating methods. B．Its component parts.
C．Its existing problems. D．Its initial aims.
15．Why are the Apollo astronauts mentioned in the passage
A．To contrast the Apollo spacesuit with the latest one.
B．To give an example of a successful space mission.
C．To demonstrate the failure of the Apollo missions.
D．To criticize the incompetence of the Apollo astronauts.
16．Which of the following best describes NASA’s spacesuit for the next lunar mission
A．High-tech but impractical. B．Portable and mobile.
C．Costly but well-received. D．Flexible and protective.
（2022·青海·模拟预测）An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDebris has successfully cast a net around adummy (仿造的) satellite, simulating (模拟) a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.
The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it signals an early step toward dealing with what is already a key problem: rubbish in space.
Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit, the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause serious damage.
Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.
The RemoveDebris experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the UK’s Surrey Space Centre and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France’s Ariane Group.
Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Centre, said that an operational version of the RemoveDebris technology would cast out a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10meters long.
The RemoveDebris satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation systems that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris. Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, said the success of this week’s experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against “over-publicizing” it. There are still big barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks will be underway, he said, and the biggest challenge is figuring out how to fund such projects.
Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDebris project, said “the challenge will be to convince the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks”. Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDebris will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of rubbish in the most crowded orbits. Aglietti is hopeful.
17．What attracts people to invent RemoveDebris
A．Exploring space. B．Testing an orbit.
C．Cleaning satellites. D．Removing waste in space.
18．How does the RemoveDebris work
A．It throws a net to take junk from orbit. B．It fastens junk to the main satellite.
C．It targets large pieces of junk carefully. D．It drags junk up to 10 meters long.
19．What do we know about RemoveDebris
A．It is successful in cleanup tasks.
B．It still needs to be broadcasted widely.
C．It should get some financial help from authorities.
D．It helps researchers to find a specific junk.
20．What’s the best title of the text
A．Space Garbage Causes Severe Damage
B．Researchers Advertise Waste Collecting Satellite
C．Authorities Sponsor RemoveDebris Project
D．Satellite First Time Collects Waste
（2022·四川省泸县第四中学模拟预测）A satellite is about to demonstrate a new way of capturing space junk with magnets for the first time. With the frequency of space launches dramatically increasing in recent years, the potential for a disastrous collision above Earth is continually growing. Now, Japanese orbital clean-up company Astroscale is testing a potential solution.
The firm’s End-of-Life Services by Astroscale demonstration mission is scheduled to lift off on 20 March aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. It consists of two spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allows the chaser to dock with it.
The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. The first test will be the simplest, with the client satellite drifting a short distance away and then being recaptured. In the second test, the servicer satellite will set the client satellite tumbling before catching up with it and matching its motion to grab it.
Finally, if those two tests go well, the chaser will live up to its name by letting the client satellite float a few hundred metres away before finding it and attaching to it. All of these tests will be performed autonomously, with little to no human input once they are set in motion.
“These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before in space - they are very different to, say, an astronaut controlling a robotic arm on the International Space Station,” says Jason Forshaw at Astroscale UK. “This is more of an autonomous mission.” At the end of the tests, both spacecraft will burn up in Earth’s atmosphere.
If companies wanted to use this capability, they would have to attach a magnetic plate to their satellites so they could be captured later. Because of the growing space garbage problem, many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail, so this could be a fairly simple likely plan, Forshaw says. Right now, each chaser can only nab one satellite, but Astroscale is working on a version that could drag three or four out of orbit at once.
21．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “dock with” in Paragraph 2
A．deal with B．keep up with C．join together D．crash
22．Why many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites
A．Because of the growing space waste problem.
B．Because the frequency of space launches are dramatically increasing.
C．Because they can earn large profits from it.
D．Because Astroscale has found a new method of capturing the space garbage.
23．What will Astroscale do to solve the space junk problem
A．An astronaut controls a robotic arm on the International Space to capture the “client” satellite
B．Through a magnetic plate remotely controlled by humans on the ground to catch the “client” satellite
C．Finding the “client” satellite and attaching to it with a magnetic plate automatically
D．Tumbling to match the motion of “client” satellite the drag three or four satellites out of its orbit into atmosphere.
24．What can we infer from the passage
A．people will burn the space junk up in Earth’s atmosphere in the future
B．Japan and Russia will conduct space debris cleanup experiment together
C．These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before.
D．the demonstration mission will be divided into three phases
（2022·湖南·长郡中学二模）China’s historic 23-day Chang’e 5 mission has not only obtained precious rock and soil samples from the moon, but has also brought back a group of seeds that traveled the furthest in the nation’s agricultural and forestry histories. More than 30 kinds of seeds were placed inside Chang’e 5 spacecraft and orbited around the moon for about 15 days.
Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial(地外的)forces in lunar orbit and also hoped they could develop beneficial mutations (突变). This mission offered good opportunities to scientists, which enabled them to deepen their studies on the effect of cosmic rays on the growth and evolution of life on Earth.
Space-based mutation breeding refers to the process of exposing seeds to forces such as micro gravity, vacuums and cosmic radiation during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further observation and planting. Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations—some are positive and desirable while others are negative. Those with positive mutations will be kept and analyzed, and will be introduced to farmers after their certification and approval.
Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground-based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to pared with natural or conventionally bred types of plants, space-developed versions with positive mutations usually feature higher nutritional content, greater annual yields, shorter growth periods and better resistance to diseases and insect pests.
China conducted its first space breeding experiment in 1987. Since then, hundreds of kinds of seeds and seedlings have traveled with dozens of Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits. The Chang’e 5 robotic mission returned 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to Earth, marking a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back.
25．Why were the seeds placed inside Chang’e 5
A．To pick out the fittest for mutations.
B．To understand extraterrestrial forces.
C．To study the intensity of cosmic rays.
D．To expose them to a special environment.
26．What do we know about space-based mutation breeding
A．It is not a time-consuming process.
B．Mutations develop in a random way.
C．It often brings about desirable effects.
D．Approval will be granted to mutated plants.
27．What’s the author’s attitude toward space breeding
A．Skeptical. B．Cautious.
C．Objective. D．Appreciative.
28．What is the best title of the passage
A．Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances B．Chang’e 5 Returns with a Big Package
C．Plant Mutations Result in a Better Life D．Seeds from Space Mark a New History
（2022·湖北·荆州中学三模）A Spanish rice dish; secreto de cerdo with pisto—Ibérico Pork with tomatoes, onions, eggplant, and peppers; and chicken and mushroom paella, will be served aboard the International Space Station (ISS) throughout the next week.
That, at least, is what four of the eleven crew members aboard the ISS will be eating, after a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifts off on April 8,2022 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, carrying the Crew Dragon spacecraft. The flight, sponsored by the Houston-based company Axiom Space and known as Ax-1, is commanded by Axiom vice president and former astronaut Michael López-Alegría. Also on board are three business owners and charitarians: American Larry Connor, Canadian Mark Pathy, and Israeli Eytan Stibbe—each of whom paid an estimated $55 million per seat for their 20-hour journey to the station and the eight days they will spend aboard.
Actually, they are not the first space tourists to the ISS—eleven in total over the past two decades; and all of them were adventurers who paid to fly aboard crewed by professional astronauts. AX-1 is the first fully private mission to the station—but not the last.
In a pre-launch press conference, Connor said, “We’ve spent anywhere from 750 to over 1,000 hours training. We’re going to do some 25 different experiments covering over 100 hours of research.” One such experiment will involve a brain headset that will conduct real-time electroencephalograms (EEGs) of the crew as they fly and experiments on in vitro stem cells.
There will also be time for a moving remembrance. Stibbe, the second Israeli to fly in space, once piloted military jets under the command of Ilan Ramon, the first Israeli astronaut, who died in the 2003 disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia. Several pages from Ramon’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them into the space.
Space is a hard business, a dangerous business, and an expensive business. But it’s also an emotional one. “Ramon was a good friend,” Stibbe added respectfully, “He was my commander.”
29．Why does the author show the dishes at the beginning
A．To present the whole menu in the space mission.
B．To attract readers’ interest and introduce the topic.
C．To show the enjoyment of the crew members during the flight.
D．To highlight the wealth and social status of the crew members.
30．What’s the main purpose of the mission
A．To maintain the ISS. B．To provide space travel.
C．To help people settle in space. D．To send Spanish food to space.
31．How does Connor think about the mission before he flies
A．Fully-prepared and significant. B．Expensive but worthwhile.
C．Difficult and dangerous. D．Adventurous and challenging
32．Why does Stibbe want to bring Ramon’s diary into the space
A．Because he wants to continue writing the diary.
B．Because he can use Ramon’s diary as instructions.
C．Because he once piloted military jets under Ramon’s command.
D．Because he wants to show respect for Ramon in this way.
（2022·山东师范大学附中模拟预测）Astronomers breathed a sigh of relief as the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)sprung to life. JWST would not fit into any modern rocket without being folded. However, ultimately the telescope has started returning some of its first images to thrilled audiences back on Earth.
Yet the experience left many astronomers wondering if there was a simpler way to launch telescopes of this size. “We were worried about the unfolding,” says John Blevins of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. But with a larger rocket, “you don’t have to unfold in space. You can do it on the ground”.
As chance would have it, two such rockets are currently sitting on launchpads. The first, NASA’s Space Launch System(SLS), is ready and waiting at Kennedy Space Center in Florida for its voyage this summer. But a reliance on tried-and-true technology could be its Achilles’ heel: some estimates currently keep the SLS’s cost at an $4.1 billion per launch. If approved, though, its massive size could ultimately be a boon for scientists seeking to send larger, more ambitious spacecraft and telescopes throughout the solar system and even beyond.
Over in Texas, Starship, a similarly capable but wildly different rocket being developed by SpaceX, is also in preparation to launch on its first orbital test flight. Usually, each rocket will be deserted after a single use, its components degraded to junk on the seafloor or adrift in space. But Starship is instead built for endurance, landing back on the ground for rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lowered the expense of reaching space.
As big and bold as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in comparison with what Starship could achieve. “Starship holds the promise of transforming the solar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern. “It completely changes the game.”
33．Why was it necessary to simplify the way to launch JWST
A．The size of some rockets was small. B．The launching technology was limited.
C．The unfolding of JWST was impossible. D．The cost of launching JWKT was costly.
34．What does the underlined word “boon” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Benefit. B．Fantasy. C．Concern. D．Disaster.
35．What do we know about Starship in Paragraph 4
A．It will be recycled in space. B．It is not available for launching.
C．It will be abandoned after a single use. D．It has reduced the cost of reaching space.
36．What’s the experts’ attitude towards the future of Starship
A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Satisfied.
参考答案：
1．A2．D3．B4．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Zhai Zhigang, who was the mission commander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air for the first time after the half-year space journey as ground recovery staff opened the door of their reentry capsule at 10: 03 am.(上午10点03分，地面回收人员打开返回舱舱门，任务总指挥翟志刚和王亚平及叶光福在为期半年的太空之旅后首次呼吸到新鲜空气。)”可知，宇航员完成了在太空生活半年的任务。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段的“They tested components on the station’s robotic arm and used it to practice spacewalk.(他们测试了空间站机械臂上的组件，并用它来练习太空行走。)”可知，宇航员的成就是检查了空间站机械臂上的部件。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The space-based lessons marked the start of the Tiangong Class series(天宫课堂标志着天宫课堂系列的开始)”可推断出将来肯定会有更多的太空讲座。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“After circling Earth for six months, the three crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission have departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation’s longest manned spaceflight.(在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，因此最好的题目是D选项“Crew Members of the Shenzhou XIII Mission Returned to Earth(神舟十三号载人飞船返回地球)”可知，故选D。
5．A6．D7．D8．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索技术公司发射很多通讯卫星进入轨道，但这也带来了麻烦，即扰乱了望远镜的观测。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“SpaceX, a private company, has put 60 Starlink communication satellites into orbit, bringing the total circling Earth to 180. They will bring internet access to underserved areas of the world.(SpaceX，一家私人公司，已经将60颗星际通讯卫星送入轨道，使得环绕地球的总数达到180颗。他们将把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区。)”可知，太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）发射这么多通讯卫星是为了把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区，即扩展全球互联网服务。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“When the satellites pass through a telescope’s field of view, they create bright streaks(条痕) that cut through images of the sky, hiding anything that might be behind them and pouring so much light into the telescope that it causes some observations unusable.(当卫星通过望远镜的视场时，它们会产生明亮的条纹，穿过天空的图像，隐藏了任何可能在它们后面的东西，并向望远镜投入了太多的光线，导致一些观测无法使用。)”可知，卫星通过望远镜的视场时，会导致一些观测无法进行，由此可知，太空专家担心的是望远镜的正常使用受到影响，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““We have to rely on firms such as SpaceX voluntarily cooperating with astronomers to attempt to keep the impacts of their satellite constellations (卫星星座) as low as possible.” said space experts.(“我们必须依靠太空探索技术公司（Spacex）等公司自愿与天文学家合作，尽可能地降低其卫星星座的影响。”太空专家说。)”和最后一段“With more than 1,500 Starlink satellites scheduled for launch in the near future, that cooperation will need to be speedy if it is going to make any difference.(随着1500多颗星际连接卫星计划在不久的将来发射，如果要有所作为的话，需要加速这种合作。)”可知，太空探索技术公司与与天文学家合作是很有必要的，是需要加速度推进，所以太空探索技术公司与与天文学家合作需拭目以待，故选D。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“SpaceX, a private company, has put 60 Starlink communication satellites into orbit, bringing the total circling Earth to 180. They will bring internet access to underserved areas of the world. But it seems they also mess with telescopes.(太空探索技术公司，一家私人公司，已经将60颗星际通讯卫星送入轨道，使得环绕地球的总数达到180颗。他们将把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区。但它们似乎也会扰乱望远镜。)”可知，文章主要介绍了太空探索技术公司发射很多通讯卫星进入轨道，但这也带来了麻烦，即扰乱了望远镜的观测，所以A项“Troubles Made by Satellites(卫星造成的麻烦)”最适合做文章的标题，故选A。
9．C
10．B
11．A
12．D
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文，介绍了导致宇航员健康问题的原因——太空旅行可能会损害线粒体，从而损害健康。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Space travelers face a number of health risks. Astronauts have reported loss of bones and muscle and someeven have developed immune disorders and heart problems. A new study finds that energy-producing new structures in cells might be to blame for many of these problems.”（太空旅行者面临着许多健康风险。据报道，宇航员的骨船和肌肉受损，有些人甚至出现了免疫素乱和心脏问题。一项新的研究发现，细胞中产生能量的新结构可能是这些问题的罪魁祸首。)可知，细胞的问题可能是导致宇航员健康问题的原因。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The team looked at NASA GeneLab’s collection of data from past space biology experiments and studied cells and tissues from mice and people and compared space travelers with others that had remained on Earth.”(该团队研究了NASA基因实验室从过去的空间生物学实验中收集的数据，研究了老鼠和人类的细胞和组织，并将太空旅行者与留在地球上的其他人进行了比较。)可知，Beheshti团队参考了以前的数据来进行研究。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Damage to mitochondria may be a common factor in spaceflight health risks, the team now concludes.”(研究小组得出结论，线粒体损伤可能是太空飞行健康风险的一个常见因素。)及“If mitochondria are the cause, dealing with problems of them could help protect future astronauts. Some diseases cause mitochondrial defects.Dealing with such diseases in different ways may help reduce astronauts’ health risks. Future studies could test if existing drugs prevent mitochondrial problems in cells, animals and people on long deep-space travels.”（如果线粒体是原因，处理它们的问题可能有助于保护未来的宇航员。有些疾病会导致线粒体缺陷。以不同的方式处理这些疾病可能有助于减少宇航员的健康风险。 未来的研究可以测试现有的药物是否能防止细胞、动物和在外太空长途旅行的人的线粒体问题。）可知，治疗导致线粒体缺陷的疾病可能有助于降低宇航员的健康风险。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study finds that energy-producing new structures in cells might be to blame for many of these problems.”（ 一项新的研究发现，细胞中产生能量的新结构可能是这些问题的罪魁祸首。）及第四段“After some time in space, mitochondria, the energy powerhouses of cells, often didn’t work as well as they should.”（在太空中待了一段时间后，线粒体，细胞的能量来源，通常就不能正常工作了。）可知，本文说明了导致宇航员健康问题的原因——太空旅行可能会损害线粒体，从而损害健康。故选D项。
13．C
14．B
15．A
16．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的宇航服设计。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hollywood movies have idealized the iconic suit, its design leading the masses to believe it’s an outfit that can be slipped on within minutes. (好莱坞电影已经将这套标志性服装理想化，它的设计让大众相信它是一套可以在几分钟内穿上的服装)”可知，穿上好莱坞电影中的宇航服不需要太多困难。故选C。
14．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“includes a water tank for the cooling garment and carbon dioxide removal system (包括用于冷却服装的水箱和二氧化碳去除系统)”以及“A two-way radio system is also included (还包括一个双向无线电系统)”可推知，第4段主要从组成部分谈论最新的宇航服。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“When the Apollo astronauts walked on the moon, they couldn’t bend over and pick up a rock (当阿波罗号宇航员在月球上行走时，他们不能弯腰捡起石头)”以及“Fortunately, spacesuits have come a long way since then and have a more flexible structure with gloves. (幸运的是，从那时起，宇航服已经取得了长足的进步，并且有了更灵活的手套结构)”可推知，文章提到阿波罗宇航员是为了将阿波罗宇航服和最新的宇航服做对比。故选A。
16．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Richard Rhodes’s team is working on the spacesuit that will allow for more movement to explore the rough terrain of the moon while still being strong enough to protect the wearer. (Richard Rhodes的团队正在研制一种宇航服，这种宇航服能让宇航员在探索月球崎岖地形时进行更多的运动，同时还能保持足够的强度来保护穿着者)”可推知，NASA下一次登月任务的宇航服是灵活且具有保护性的。故选D。
17．D
18．A
19．C
20．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一种名为RemoveDebris的实验性清理设备成功地在人造卫星周围撒下了一张网，模拟了一种将来可以收集太空垃圾的技术。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN.(专家告诉CNN，本周进行的测试被广泛认为是太空清理技术的首次成功示范。)”以及文章第三段“Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit, the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause serious damage. (数以百万计的垃圾正在轨道上旋转，这是50年来太空旅行的结果，而且几乎没有保持太空清洁的法规。在轨道速度下，即使是很小的油漆与卫星相撞也会造成严重的破坏。)”可知，由于太空中的垃圾过多，所以人们有了发明RemoveDebris来清理太空垃圾的想法。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Centre, said that an operational version of the RemoveDebris technology would cast out a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit.(萨里太空中心主任Guglielmo Aglietti说，RemoveDebris技术的一个操作版本将会在主卫星上撒下一张网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。)”可知，这项技术是通过在主卫星上撒网将碎片拖出轨道的方式运行的。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“There are still big barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks will be underway, he said, and the biggest challenge is figuring out how to fund such projects. (他说，在开展行动清理工作之前，仍有许多重大障碍需要清除，最大的挑战是弄清楚如何为此类项目提供资金。)”可知，该项目需要有人资助才可以继续进行。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDebris has successfully cast a net around adummy (仿造的) satellite, simulating (模拟) a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.(一种名为RemoveDebris的实验性清理设备成功地在人造卫星周围撒下了一张网，模拟了一种将来可以收集太空垃圾的技术。)”以及第二段“The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it signals an early step toward dealing with what is already a key problem: rubbish in space. (专家告诉CNN，本周进行的测试被广泛认为是太空清理技术的首次成功示范。这标志着我们在解决太空垃圾这个已经成为关键问题的问题上迈出了早期的一步。)”可知，文章主要介绍了如何成功发明了一个名为RemoveDebris的卫星，用来清理太空垃圾，并详述了其工作原理和工作过程。所以“Satellite First Time Collects Waste(卫星第一次收集垃圾)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
21．C
22．A
23．C
24．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。随着近年来空间发射频率的急剧增加，地球上空发生灾难性碰撞的可能性不断增大。现在，日本轨道清理公司Astroscale正在测试一种解决方案，以期应对日益严重的太空垃圾问题。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“It consists of two spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (它由两个航天器组成:一个较小的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”卫星。较小的卫星装有磁板)”可知，这颗较小的卫星装有一块磁板，可以让“追逐者”与它对接由此可知划线部分“dock with”与“join together”的意思相近，表示“连接在一起”的意思。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Because of the growing space garbage problem, many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail, so this could be a fairly simple likely plan, Forshaw says. (Forshaw说，由于日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司在卫星燃料耗尽或出现故障时有办法将其带回，因此这可能是一个相当简单的可行计划)”可知，因为日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司带回他们的卫星。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段后两句“It consists of two spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allows the chaser to dock with it. (它由两个航天器组成：一个小型的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”。较小的卫星配备了使追踪器与之对接的板磁力板)”及第三段第一句“The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及释放服务卫星，然后重新捕获客户卫星)”，以及第四段最后一句“All of these tests will be performed autonomously, with little to no human input once they are set in motion. (所有这些测试都将自动执行，一旦启动，几乎不需要人工输入)”可知，Astroscale公司会通过服务卫星找到客户卫星，服务卫星通过客户卫星上的磁力板连接上客户卫星，进而捕获客户卫星，整个过程都是自动执行的。通过这样的过程，就可以捕获太空中的垃圾。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及服务卫星释放，然后重新捕获客户卫星 )”可知，这个示范任务将会进行三个不同的测试，可以推断出这个任务会被分成三个不同阶段。故选D。
25．D
26．B
27．D
28．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥五号太空育种任务及其种子优势为地面种植带来的机会。
25．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial forces in lunar orbit and also hoped they could develop beneficial mutations.”（科学家希望检查种子在月球轨道上暴露在地外力量后会发生什么，也希望它们能产生有益的突变。）可知，科学家们将种子放置于嫦娥五号中，是为了让种子处于一个特殊的环境，并观察对其产生的影响。故选D项。
26．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations — some are positive and desirable while others are negative.”（研究人员观察和检查了几代从太空培育的种子中生长出来的植物，并调查它们的突变——有些是积极的和令人满意的，而另一些则是消极的。）可推知，有些突变是有益的、可取的，而另一些则是有害的，由此可见，太空育种突变是随机的。故选B项。
27．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground-based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to pared with natural or conventionally bred types of plants, space-developed versions with positive mutations usually feature higher nutritional content, greater annual yields, shorter growth periods and better resistance to diseases and insect pests.”（与地面实验相比，太空育种可以更快更方便地产生突变，并能带来一些本来很难引入的理想性状。与自然或常规培育的植物类型相比，具有正突变的空间发育版本通常具有更高的营养含量、更高的年产量、更短的生长期和更好的抗病虫害能力。）可推知，作者对太空育种持赞赏的态度。故选D项。
28．
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground-based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to introduce.”（与地面实验相比，太空育种可以更快更方便地产生突变，并能带来一些本来很难引入的理想性状。）及第五段“Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits.”（太空育种已经帮助中国产生了200多种新的突变植物，这些植物已被批准进行大规模种植，从谷物到蔬菜和水果。）及全文内容可知，本文介绍了嫦娥五号太空育种任务及其优势为地面种植带来的机会。A选项“Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances”（太空培育的种子提供了很好的机会）适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
29．B
30．B
31．A
32．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是4月8号名为AX-1从美国佛罗里达州发射，通往国际空间站的首次“全私人”形式的太空旅行飞行任务。
29．
推理判断题。结合第一段的“A Spanish rice dish; secreto de cerdo with pisto—Ibérico Pork with tomatoes, onions, eggplant, and peppers; and chicken and mushroom paella, will be served aboard the International Space Station (ISS) throughout the next week.(西班牙菜:一种西班牙米饭；pisto-Ibérico猪肉配番茄、洋葱、茄子和辣椒；以及鸡肉蘑菇海鲜饭，将于下周在国际空间站提供。)”和第二段的“That, at least, is what four of the eleven crew members aboard the ISS will be eating, after a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifts off on April 8,2022 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, carrying the Crew Dragon spacecraft.(在太空探索技术公司的猎鹰9号火箭于2022年4月8日携带Crew Dragon飞船从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角发射升空后，国际空间站上的11名宇航员中至少有4人将吃到这种食物。)”，作者介绍这些食物的目的就是为了引出这一特殊太空旅行的话题，吸引读者。故选B。
30．
推理判断题。结合第二段的“Also on board are three business owners and charitarians: American Larry Connor, Canadian Mark Pathy, and Israeli Eytan Stibbe—each of whom who paid an estimated $55 million per seat for their 20-hour journey to the station and the eight days they will spend aboard.(飞机上还有三名企业主和慈善家:美国人Larry Connor、加拿大人Mark Pathy和以色列人Eytan stibbe，他们每个人都为每个座位支付了大约5500万美元，为他们20个小时的旅程和他们将在空间站度过的8天支付了费用。)”和第三段的“Actually, they are not the first space tourists to the ISS—eleven in total over the past two decades(事实上，他们并不是过去20年里第一批前往ISS -11的太空游客)”，可判断这次任务的主要目的是提供太空旅行。故选B。
31．
推理判断题。根据第4段“We’ve spent anywhere from 750 to over 1,000 hours training. We’re going to do some 25 different experiments covering over 100 hours of research.(我们的训练时间从750小时到1000小时不等。我们将做25个不同的实验，涉及100多个小时的研究。)”可知，“Connor”认为这次飞行做好了充分准备，并具备研究意义。故选A。
32．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Ramon, the first Israeli astronaut, who died in the 2003 disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia. Several pages from Ramon’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them into the space.(他是第一位以色列宇航员，2003年死于哥伦比亚号航天飞机的解体。雷蒙的几页日记在坠机中幸存下来，斯蒂贝将带着它们进入太空。)”可知，Stibbe想斯蒂贝想把雷蒙的日记带进太空来表达对雷蒙的尊重。故选D。
33．A
34．A
35．D
36．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜启动的方式得到了简化，更有利于火箭装载。介绍了两枚火箭的情况和各自的优势。
33．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Astronomers breathed a sigh of relief as the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)sprung to life. JWST would not fit into any modern rocket without being folded. (当詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）重新启动时，天文学家们松了一口气。如果不折叠起来，JWST将无法装进任何现代火箭)”可知，有必要简化启动JWST的方式是因为一些火箭的尺寸很小。故选A。
34．
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“If approved, though, its massive size could ultimately be a”以及后文“for scientists seeking to send larger, more ambitious spacecraft and telescopes throughout the solar system and even beyond”可知，科学家们希望向整个太阳系甚至更远的地方发射更大、更有野心的宇宙飞船和望远镜，所以如果获得批准，它巨大的尺寸最终可能会对科学家有好处，故画线词意思是“好处”。故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“But Starship is instead built for endurance, landing back on the ground for rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lowered the expense of reaching space.(但“星际飞船”是为续航能力而建造的，它会返回地面进行快速再利用，这已经大大降低了进入太空的成本)”可知，星际飞船降低了进入太空的成本。故选D。
36．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As big and bold as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in comparison with what Starship could achieve. “Starship holds the promise of transforming the solar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern. “It completely changes the game.”(尽管SLS可能是巨大而大胆的，但专家们表示，与星际飞船所能实现的成就相比，它就相形见绌了。艾伦·斯特恩说：“星际飞船有希望以一种我们无法真正欣赏的方式改变太阳系。它完全改变了游戏规则。”)”可知，专家对星际飞船的未来充满希望。故选A。
（2022·辽宁丹东·二模）After circling Earth for six months, the three crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission have departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation’s longest manned spaceflight.
Zhai Zhigang, who was the mission commander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air for the first time after the half-year space journey as ground recovery staff opened the door of their reentry capsule (返回舱) at 10: 03 am.
Medical service workers on the site told China Central Television that the astronauts are in good condition. Carrying the mission crew, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft left from the Tiangong station at 12: 44 am. In the last hours of their stay inside the Tiangong, the astronauts worked with ground controllers to adjust the station, sending some experimental data back to Earth and sorting out materials.
The crew has set a new record for China’s longest spaceflight, almost doubling the previous record of 92 days created by their colleagues in the Shenzhou XII mission who travelled with Tiangong from mid-June to mid-September last year.
During the Shenzhou XIII mission, the astronauts carried out two spacewalks that totaled more than 12 hours. They tested components on the station’s robotic arm and used it to practice spacewalk. Wang took part in the first spacewalk on Nov 7, becoming the first female Chinese spacewalker.
The crew members also carried out two science lectures from the space station for Chinese students. In one experiment, Wang used a Bing Dwen Dwen toy, the popular mascot (吉祥物) of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, to display how objects fly in weightless environment. The space-based lessons marked the start of the Tiangong Class series, China’s first space lecture series that aims to popularize space science and inspire youngsters to pursue their “science and space dreams”, according to the manned space agency.
1．What mission did the crew members accomplish
A．Living in space for half a year.
B．Controlling the space station on their own.
C．Opening the door of the reentry capsule.
D．Departing from the planet on Saturday morning.
2．Which was the achievement of the astronauts
A．They completed a 12-hour spacewalk.
B．They conducted two science experiments.
C．They became the first Chinese spacewalkers.
D．They checked parts on the station’s robotic arm.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Teenagers will be sent into space station to explore.
B．There will definitely be more space lectures in the future.
C．“Science and space dreams” will be the top aim among teenagers.
D．Astronauts will use more Bing Dwen Dwen toys to do experiments.
4．Which is the best title of the text
A．Inspire Youngsters to Pursue Space Dreams
B．The Mission Commander of Tiangong Station
C．Space-based Lessons Marked the Start of the Tiangong Class
D．Crew Members of the Shenzhou XIII Mission Returned to Earth
（2022·四川·宜宾市教科所三模）SpaceX, a private company, has put 60 Starlink communication satellites into orbit, bringing the total circling Earth to 180. They will bring internet access to underserved areas of the world. But it seems they also mess with telescopes.
When the satellites pass through a telescope’s field of view, they create bright streaks(条痕) that cut through images of the sky, hiding anything that might be behind them and pouring so much light into the telescope that it causes some observations unusable.
“What surprised everyone - the astronomy community and SpaceX - was how bright the satellites are”, said anxiously space experts. Actually SpaceX did talk about the issue elsewhere. The problem for astronomers doesn’t end with SpaceX. Blue Origin, One Web and Amazon plan to launch thousands of communications satellites in the coming years.
In an effort to ease astronomers’ fears, SpaceX is testing one satellite that is a bit different from the others. It was included in the most recent launch and is partially coated in a dark material to make it less shiny and so less visible in telescope images. We don’t have any data yet on whether the coating is working as intended.
Once the satellites are in space, there is no backtracking. While companies like SpaceX do need approval from regulatory bodies(监察机构) for each launch, there is no rule that prevents them from launching an unlimited number of satellites.
“We have to rely on firms such as SpaceX voluntarily cooperating with astronomers to attempt to keep the impacts of their satellite constellations (卫星星座) as low as possible.” said space experts.
With more than 1,500 Starlink satellites scheduled for launch in the near future, that cooperation will need to be speedy if it is going to make any difference.
5．Why does SpaceX launch so many communication satellites
A．To expand internet services worldwide.
B．To make users surf the Internet quickly.
C．To disturb the operation of telescopes.
D．To further present space research.
6．What are space experts worried
A．Satellites are too shiny to be seen.
B．Satellites occupy the area of telescopes.
C．Too many satellites move in outer space.
D．The normal use of the telescopes is affected.
7．What can be inferred from the passage
A．The number of satellite launches will decrease.
B．Coated satellites can effectively weaken brightness.
C．The regulations of satellite launching are not powerful.
D．SpaceX’s cooperation with astronomers remains to be seen.
8．What is probably the best title for the passage
A．Troubles Made by Satellites
B．Satellites Threatening Astronomers
C．SpaceX and Its Future Starlink Plan
D．Cooperation with Astronomy Community
（2022·重庆市涪陵高级中学校模拟预测）Space travelers face a number of health risks. Astronauts have reported loss of bones and muscle and some even have developed immune disorders and heart problems. A new study finds that energy-producing new structures in cells might be to blame for many of these problems.
A systems biologist, Afshin Beheshti, who studies how different parts of the body work together, also a member of a team of researchers that want to know how spaceflight might affect cells and tissues, notes, “It’s a basic question.”
The team looked at NASA GeneLab’s collection of data from past space biology experiments and studied cells and tissues from mice and people and compared space travelers with others that had remained on Earth.
“The idea is not only to look at one type of chemical,”Beheshti says. Rather, they wanted to “look at the living system as a whole”. And in doing that, they found a common theme. After some time in space, mitochondria, the energy powerhouses of cells, often didn’t work as well as they should.
Those findings are consistent with samples from NASA’s Twin Study. Before retiring, astronaut Scott Kelly spent nearly a year aboard the International Space Station. His twin, Mark remained on the ground. Afterward, blood samples from the two showed different mitochondrial activities.
For the latest study, Beheshti and his team studied GeneLab data for many types of cells and tissues. Another focus was related to metabolism. That process includes a mix of chemical activities that supports life in cells, organs and the whole body.
Damage to mitochondria may be a common factor in spaceflight health risks, the team now concludes. Finding similar changes in so many astronauts indeed points to some general effect, agrees Michael Snyder, a systems biologist at Stanford University in California, who worked on Scott and Mark Kelly’s Twin Study but was not part of the new analysis. If mitochondria are the cause, dealing with problems of them could help protect future astronauts. Some diseases cause mitochondrial defects(线粒体缺陷). Dealing with such diseases in different ways may help reduce astronauts’ health risks. Future studies could test if existing drugs prevent mitochondrial problems in cells, animals and people on long deep-space travels.
9．What might cause astronauts to have health problems according to the new study
A．Temperature difference. B．Heart cell increase.
C．Cell problems. D．Tiring work.
10．Which method did Beheshti’s team employ to do the research
A．They did all kinds of tests on astronaut Scott Kelly.
B．They referred to some previous data.
C．They followed some astronauts for many years.
D．They observed behaviors of astronauts in person.
11．What may contribute to the decrease of astronauts’ health risks
A．Treating the diseases which cause mitochondrial defects.
B．Performing fewer long deep-space travels.
C．Letting new structure in cells grow quickly.
D．Making astronauts eat as healthily as possible.
12．What’s the main idea of the text
A．Astronauts face great danger in the space station.
B．Space travels are really dangerous to astronauts’ health.
C．Scientists have found ways to reduce astronauts’ health risks.
D．Space travels may harm health by damaging mitochondria.
（2022·河南·南阳中学三模）Humans have been exploring the infinite abyss (深渊) beyond Earth’s atmosphere. When astronauts explore the vast expanse of outer space, they need to wear high-tech spacesuits to protect them from the freezing conditions of the universe.
Hollywood movies have idealized the iconic suit, its design leading the masses to believe it’s an outfit that can be slipped on within minutes. In fact, the spacesuit which is made up of nearly a half dozen different components and can have up to 16 layers is its own fully functioning spacecraft that takes hours to put on and requires help from one’s colleagues.
The astronauts on the Artemis missions, NASA’s next program to send the first woman and the first person of color to the moon, will wear the latest spacesuit, called the exploration extravehicular mobility unit, also known as xEMU, according to NASA．
Each spacesuit has a portable life support system, which includes a water tank for the cooling garment and carbon dioxide removal system to regulate body temperature, remove excess heat and maintain the astronauts’ health, said Richard Rhodes, the deputy lead for xEMU pressure garment development at NASA．A two-way radio system is also included so the astronauts can communicate during the missions.
“When the Apollo astronauts walked on the moon, they couldn’t bend over and pick up a rock,” said NASA astronaut Mike Fincke. Fortunately, spacesuits have come a long way since then and have a more flexible structure with gloves. The gloves are one of the most complicated parts of the spacesuit, said Cathleen Lewis, curator of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum. “Gloves are very difficult to design to be protective and also allow the manual dexterity (灵巧) that astronauts need to do meaningful work.” she noted.
The spacesuits will also be getting some upgrades for the latest lunar mission. Richard Rhodes’s team is working on the spacesuit that will allow for more movement to explore the rough terrain of the moon while still being strong enough to protect the wearer.
13．What can we learn about the spacesuit in Hollywood movies
A．It provides the most ideal design. B．It functions as a spacecraft of its own.
C．It can be put on without too much difficulty. D．It can protect the astronauts from the cold in space.
14．In what aspect does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about the latest spacesuit
A．Its operating methods. B．Its component parts.
C．Its existing problems. D．Its initial aims.
15．Why are the Apollo astronauts mentioned in the passage
A．To contrast the Apollo spacesuit with the latest one.
B．To give an example of a successful space mission.
C．To demonstrate the failure of the Apollo missions.
D．To criticize the incompetence of the Apollo astronauts.
16．Which of the following best describes NASA’s spacesuit for the next lunar mission
A．High-tech but impractical. B．Portable and mobile.
C．Costly but well-received. D．Flexible and protective.
（2022·青海·模拟预测）An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDebris has successfully cast a net around adummy (仿造的) satellite, simulating (模拟) a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.
The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it signals an early step toward dealing with what is already a key problem: rubbish in space.
Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit, the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause serious damage.
Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.
The RemoveDebris experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the UK’s Surrey Space Centre and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France’s Ariane Group.
Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Centre, said that an operational version of the RemoveDebris technology would cast out a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10meters long.
The RemoveDebris satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation systems that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris. Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, said the success of this week’s experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against “over-publicizing” it. There are still big barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks will be underway, he said, and the biggest challenge is figuring out how to fund such projects.
Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDebris project, said “the challenge will be to convince the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks”. Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDebris will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of rubbish in the most crowded orbits. Aglietti is hopeful.
17．What attracts people to invent RemoveDebris
A．Exploring space. B．Testing an orbit.
C．Cleaning satellites. D．Removing waste in space.
18．How does the RemoveDebris work
A．It throws a net to take junk from orbit. B．It fastens junk to the main satellite.
C．It targets large pieces of junk carefully. D．It drags junk up to 10 meters long.
19．What do we know about RemoveDebris
A．It is successful in cleanup tasks.
B．It still needs to be broadcasted widely.
C．It should get some financial help from authorities.
D．It helps researchers to find a specific junk.
20．What’s the best title of the text
A．Space Garbage Causes Severe Damage
B．Researchers Advertise Waste Collecting Satellite
C．Authorities Sponsor RemoveDebris Project
D．Satellite First Time Collects Waste
（2022·四川省泸县第四中学模拟预测）A satellite is about to demonstrate a new way of capturing space junk with magnets for the first time. With the frequency of space launches dramatically increasing in recent years, the potential for a disastrous collision above Earth is continually growing. Now, Japanese orbital clean-up company Astroscale is testing a potential solution.
The firm’s End-of-Life Services by Astroscale demonstration mission is scheduled to lift off on 20 March aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. It consists of two spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allows the chaser to dock with it.
The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. The first test will be the simplest, with the client satellite drifting a short distance away and then being recaptured. In the second test, the servicer satellite will set the client satellite tumbling before catching up with it and matching its motion to grab it.
Finally, if those two tests go well, the chaser will live up to its name by letting the client satellite float a few hundred metres away before finding it and attaching to it. All of these tests will be performed autonomously, with little to no human input once they are set in motion.
“These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before in space - they are very different to, say, an astronaut controlling a robotic arm on the International Space Station,” says Jason Forshaw at Astroscale UK. “This is more of an autonomous mission.” At the end of the tests, both spacecraft will burn up in Earth’s atmosphere.
If companies wanted to use this capability, they would have to attach a magnetic plate to their satellites so they could be captured later. Because of the growing space garbage problem, many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail, so this could be a fairly simple likely plan, Forshaw says. Right now, each chaser can only nab one satellite, but Astroscale is working on a version that could drag three or four out of orbit at once.
21．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “dock with” in Paragraph 2
A．deal with B．keep up with C．join together D．crash
22．Why many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites
A．Because of the growing space waste problem.
B．Because the frequency of space launches are dramatically increasing.
C．Because they can earn large profits from it.
D．Because Astroscale has found a new method of capturing the space garbage.
23．What will Astroscale do to solve the space junk problem
A．An astronaut controls a robotic arm on the International Space to capture the “client” satellite
B．Through a magnetic plate remotely controlled by humans on the ground to catch the “client” satellite
C．Finding the “client” satellite and attaching to it with a magnetic plate automatically
D．Tumbling to match the motion of “client” satellite the drag three or four satellites out of its orbit into atmosphere.
24．What can we infer from the passage
A．people will burn the space junk up in Earth’s atmosphere in the future
B．Japan and Russia will conduct space debris cleanup experiment together
C．These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before.
D．the demonstration mission will be divided into three phases
（2022·湖南·长郡中学二模）China’s historic 23-day Chang’e 5 mission has not only obtained precious rock and soil samples from the moon, but has also brought back a group of seeds that traveled the furthest in the nation’s agricultural and forestry histories. More than 30 kinds of seeds were placed inside Chang’e 5 spacecraft and orbited around the moon for about 15 days.
Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial(地外的)forces in lunar orbit and also hoped they could develop beneficial mutations (突变). This mission offered good opportunities to scientists, which enabled them to deepen their studies on the effect of cosmic rays on the growth and evolution of life on Earth.
Space-based mutation breeding refers to the process of exposing seeds to forces such as micro gravity, vacuums and cosmic radiation during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further observation and planting. Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations—some are positive and desirable while others are negative. Those with positive mutations will be kept and analyzed, and will be introduced to farmers after their certification and approval.
Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground-based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to pared with natural or conventionally bred types of plants, space-developed versions with positive mutations usually feature higher nutritional content, greater annual yields, shorter growth periods and better resistance to diseases and insect pests.
China conducted its first space breeding experiment in 1987. Since then, hundreds of kinds of seeds and seedlings have traveled with dozens of Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits. The Chang’e 5 robotic mission returned 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to Earth, marking a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back.
25．Why were the seeds placed inside Chang’e 5
A．To pick out the fittest for mutations.
B．To understand extraterrestrial forces.
C．To study the intensity of cosmic rays.
D．To expose them to a special environment.
26．What do we know about space-based mutation breeding
A．It is not a time-consuming process.
B．Mutations develop in a random way.
C．It often brings about desirable effects.
D．Approval will be granted to mutated plants.
27．What’s the author’s attitude toward space breeding
A．Skeptical. B．Cautious.
C．Objective. D．Appreciative.
28．What is the best title of the passage
A．Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances B．Chang’e 5 Returns with a Big Package
C．Plant Mutations Result in a Better Life D．Seeds from Space Mark a New History
（2022·湖北·荆州中学三模）A Spanish rice dish; secreto de cerdo with pisto—Ibérico Pork with tomatoes, onions, eggplant, and peppers; and chicken and mushroom paella, will be served aboard the International Space Station (ISS) throughout the next week.
That, at least, is what four of the eleven crew members aboard the ISS will be eating, after a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifts off on April 8,2022 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, carrying the Crew Dragon spacecraft. The flight, sponsored by the Houston-based company Axiom Space and known as Ax-1, is commanded by Axiom vice president and former astronaut Michael López-Alegría. Also on board are three business owners and charitarians: American Larry Connor, Canadian Mark Pathy, and Israeli Eytan Stibbe—each of whom paid an estimated $55 million per seat for their 20-hour journey to the station and the eight days they will spend aboard.
Actually, they are not the first space tourists to the ISS—eleven in total over the past two decades; and all of them were adventurers who paid to fly aboard crewed by professional astronauts. AX-1 is the first fully private mission to the station—but not the last.
In a pre-launch press conference, Connor said, “We’ve spent anywhere from 750 to over 1,000 hours training. We’re going to do some 25 different experiments covering over 100 hours of research.” One such experiment will involve a brain headset that will conduct real-time electroencephalograms (EEGs) of the crew as they fly and experiments on in vitro stem cells.
There will also be time for a moving remembrance. Stibbe, the second Israeli to fly in space, once piloted military jets under the command of Ilan Ramon, the first Israeli astronaut, who died in the 2003 disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia. Several pages from Ramon’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them into the space.
Space is a hard business, a dangerous business, and an expensive business. But it’s also an emotional one. “Ramon was a good friend,” Stibbe added respectfully, “He was my commander.”
29．Why does the author show the dishes at the beginning
A．To present the whole menu in the space mission.
B．To attract readers’ interest and introduce the topic.
C．To show the enjoyment of the crew members during the flight.
D．To highlight the wealth and social status of the crew members.
30．What’s the main purpose of the mission
A．To maintain the ISS. B．To provide space travel.
C．To help people settle in space. D．To send Spanish food to space.
31．How does Connor think about the mission before he flies
A．Fully-prepared and significant. B．Expensive but worthwhile.
C．Difficult and dangerous. D．Adventurous and challenging
32．Why does Stibbe want to bring Ramon’s diary into the space
A．Because he wants to continue writing the diary.
B．Because he can use Ramon’s diary as instructions.
C．Because he once piloted military jets under Ramon’s command.
D．Because he wants to show respect for Ramon in this way.
（2022·山东师范大学附中模拟预测）Astronomers breathed a sigh of relief as the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)sprung to life. JWST would not fit into any modern rocket without being folded. However, ultimately the telescope has started returning some of its first images to thrilled audiences back on Earth.
Yet the experience left many astronomers wondering if there was a simpler way to launch telescopes of this size. “We were worried about the unfolding,” says John Blevins of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. But with a larger rocket, “you don’t have to unfold in space. You can do it on the ground”.
As chance would have it, two such rockets are currently sitting on launchpads. The first, NASA’s Space Launch System(SLS), is ready and waiting at Kennedy Space Center in Florida for its voyage this summer. But a reliance on tried-and-true technology could be its Achilles’ heel: some estimates currently keep the SLS’s cost at an $4.1 billion per launch. If approved, though, its massive size could ultimately be a boon for scientists seeking to send larger, more ambitious spacecraft and telescopes throughout the solar system and even beyond.
Over in Texas, Starship, a similarly capable but wildly different rocket being developed by SpaceX, is also in preparation to launch on its first orbital test flight. Usually, each rocket will be deserted after a single use, its components degraded to junk on the seafloor or adrift in space. But Starship is instead built for endurance, landing back on the ground for rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lowered the expense of reaching space.
As big and bold as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in comparison with what Starship could achieve. “Starship holds the promise of transforming the solar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern. “It completely changes the game.”
33．Why was it necessary to simplify the way to launch JWST
A．The size of some rockets was small. B．The launching technology was limited.
C．The unfolding of JWST was impossible. D．The cost of launching JWKT was costly.
34．What does the underlined word “boon” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Benefit. B．Fantasy. C．Concern. D．Disaster.
35．What do we know about Starship in Paragraph 4
A．It will be recycled in space. B．It is not available for launching.
C．It will be abandoned after a single use. D．It has reduced the cost of reaching space.
36．What’s the experts’ attitude towards the future of Starship
A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Satisfied.
参考答案：
1．A2．D3．B4．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Zhai Zhigang, who was the mission commander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air for the first time after the half-year space journey as ground recovery staff opened the door of their reentry capsule at 10: 03 am.(上午10点03分，地面回收人员打开返回舱舱门，任务总指挥翟志刚和王亚平及叶光福在为期半年的太空之旅后首次呼吸到新鲜空气。)”可知，宇航员完成了在太空生活半年的任务。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段的“They tested components on the station’s robotic arm and used it to practice spacewalk.(他们测试了空间站机械臂上的组件，并用它来练习太空行走。)”可知，宇航员的成就是检查了空间站机械臂上的部件。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The space-based lessons marked the start of the Tiangong Class series(天宫课堂标志着天宫课堂系列的开始)”可推断出将来肯定会有更多的太空讲座。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“After circling Earth for six months, the three crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission have departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation’s longest manned spaceflight.(在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，因此最好的题目是D选项“Crew Members of the Shenzhou XIII Mission Returned to Earth(神舟十三号载人飞船返回地球)”可知，故选D。
5．A6．D7．D8．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索技术公司发射很多通讯卫星进入轨道，但这也带来了麻烦，即扰乱了望远镜的观测。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“SpaceX, a private company, has put 60 Starlink communication satellites into orbit, bringing the total circling Earth to 180. They will bring internet access to underserved areas of the world.(SpaceX，一家私人公司，已经将60颗星际通讯卫星送入轨道，使得环绕地球的总数达到180颗。他们将把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区。)”可知，太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）发射这么多通讯卫星是为了把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区，即扩展全球互联网服务。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“When the satellites pass through a telescope’s field of view, they create bright streaks(条痕) that cut through images of the sky, hiding anything that might be behind them and pouring so much light into the telescope that it causes some observations unusable.(当卫星通过望远镜的视场时，它们会产生明亮的条纹，穿过天空的图像，隐藏了任何可能在它们后面的东西，并向望远镜投入了太多的光线，导致一些观测无法使用。)”可知，卫星通过望远镜的视场时，会导致一些观测无法进行，由此可知，太空专家担心的是望远镜的正常使用受到影响，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““We have to rely on firms such as SpaceX voluntarily cooperating with astronomers to attempt to keep the impacts of their satellite constellations (卫星星座) as low as possible.” said space experts.(“我们必须依靠太空探索技术公司（Spacex）等公司自愿与天文学家合作，尽可能地降低其卫星星座的影响。”太空专家说。)”和最后一段“With more than 1,500 Starlink satellites scheduled for launch in the near future, that cooperation will need to be speedy if it is going to make any difference.(随着1500多颗星际连接卫星计划在不久的将来发射，如果要有所作为的话，需要加速这种合作。)”可知，太空探索技术公司与与天文学家合作是很有必要的，是需要加速度推进，所以太空探索技术公司与与天文学家合作需拭目以待，故选D。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“SpaceX, a private company, has put 60 Starlink communication satellites into orbit, bringing the total circling Earth to 180. They will bring internet access to underserved areas of the world. But it seems they also mess with telescopes.(太空探索技术公司，一家私人公司，已经将60颗星际通讯卫星送入轨道，使得环绕地球的总数达到180颗。他们将把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区。但它们似乎也会扰乱望远镜。)”可知，文章主要介绍了太空探索技术公司发射很多通讯卫星进入轨道，但这也带来了麻烦，即扰乱了望远镜的观测，所以A项“Troubles Made by Satellites(卫星造成的麻烦)”最适合做文章的标题，故选A。
9．C
10．B
11．A
12．D
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文，介绍了导致宇航员健康问题的原因——太空旅行可能会损害线粒体，从而损害健康。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Space travelers face a number of health risks. Astronauts have reported loss of bones and muscle and someeven have developed immune disorders and heart problems. A new study finds that energy-producing new structures in cells might be to blame for many of these problems.”（太空旅行者面临着许多健康风险。据报道，宇航员的骨船和肌肉受损，有些人甚至出现了免疫素乱和心脏问题。一项新的研究发现，细胞中产生能量的新结构可能是这些问题的罪魁祸首。)可知，细胞的问题可能是导致宇航员健康问题的原因。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The team looked at NASA GeneLab’s collection of data from past space biology experiments and studied cells and tissues from mice and people and compared space travelers with others that had remained on Earth.”(该团队研究了NASA基因实验室从过去的空间生物学实验中收集的数据，研究了老鼠和人类的细胞和组织，并将太空旅行者与留在地球上的其他人进行了比较。)可知，Beheshti团队参考了以前的数据来进行研究。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Damage to mitochondria may be a common factor in spaceflight health risks, the team now concludes.”(研究小组得出结论，线粒体损伤可能是太空飞行健康风险的一个常见因素。)及“If mitochondria are the cause, dealing with problems of them could help protect future astronauts. Some diseases cause mitochondrial defects.Dealing with such diseases in different ways may help reduce astronauts’ health risks. Future studies could test if existing drugs prevent mitochondrial problems in cells, animals and people on long deep-space travels.”（如果线粒体是原因，处理它们的问题可能有助于保护未来的宇航员。有些疾病会导致线粒体缺陷。以不同的方式处理这些疾病可能有助于减少宇航员的健康风险。 未来的研究可以测试现有的药物是否能防止细胞、动物和在外太空长途旅行的人的线粒体问题。）可知，治疗导致线粒体缺陷的疾病可能有助于降低宇航员的健康风险。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study finds that energy-producing new structures in cells might be to blame for many of these problems.”（ 一项新的研究发现，细胞中产生能量的新结构可能是这些问题的罪魁祸首。）及第四段“After some time in space, mitochondria, the energy powerhouses of cells, often didn’t work as well as they should.”（在太空中待了一段时间后，线粒体，细胞的能量来源，通常就不能正常工作了。）可知，本文说明了导致宇航员健康问题的原因——太空旅行可能会损害线粒体，从而损害健康。故选D项。
13．C
14．B
15．A
16．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的宇航服设计。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hollywood movies have idealized the iconic suit, its design leading the masses to believe it’s an outfit that can be slipped on within minutes. (好莱坞电影已经将这套标志性服装理想化，它的设计让大众相信它是一套可以在几分钟内穿上的服装)”可知，穿上好莱坞电影中的宇航服不需要太多困难。故选C。
14．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“includes a water tank for the cooling garment and carbon dioxide removal system (包括用于冷却服装的水箱和二氧化碳去除系统)”以及“A two-way radio system is also included (还包括一个双向无线电系统)”可推知，第4段主要从组成部分谈论最新的宇航服。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“When the Apollo astronauts walked on the moon, they couldn’t bend over and pick up a rock (当阿波罗号宇航员在月球上行走时，他们不能弯腰捡起石头)”以及“Fortunately, spacesuits have come a long way since then and have a more flexible structure with gloves. (幸运的是，从那时起，宇航服已经取得了长足的进步，并且有了更灵活的手套结构)”可推知，文章提到阿波罗宇航员是为了将阿波罗宇航服和最新的宇航服做对比。故选A。
16．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Richard Rhodes’s team is working on the spacesuit that will allow for more movement to explore the rough terrain of the moon while still being strong enough to protect the wearer. (Richard Rhodes的团队正在研制一种宇航服，这种宇航服能让宇航员在探索月球崎岖地形时进行更多的运动，同时还能保持足够的强度来保护穿着者)”可推知，NASA下一次登月任务的宇航服是灵活且具有保护性的。故选D。
17．D
18．A
19．C
20．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一种名为RemoveDebris的实验性清理设备成功地在人造卫星周围撒下了一张网，模拟了一种将来可以收集太空垃圾的技术。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN.(专家告诉CNN，本周进行的测试被广泛认为是太空清理技术的首次成功示范。)”以及文章第三段“Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit, the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause serious damage. (数以百万计的垃圾正在轨道上旋转，这是50年来太空旅行的结果，而且几乎没有保持太空清洁的法规。在轨道速度下，即使是很小的油漆与卫星相撞也会造成严重的破坏。)”可知，由于太空中的垃圾过多，所以人们有了发明RemoveDebris来清理太空垃圾的想法。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Centre, said that an operational version of the RemoveDebris technology would cast out a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit.(萨里太空中心主任Guglielmo Aglietti说，RemoveDebris技术的一个操作版本将会在主卫星上撒下一张网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。)”可知，这项技术是通过在主卫星上撒网将碎片拖出轨道的方式运行的。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“There are still big barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks will be underway, he said, and the biggest challenge is figuring out how to fund such projects. (他说，在开展行动清理工作之前，仍有许多重大障碍需要清除，最大的挑战是弄清楚如何为此类项目提供资金。)”可知，该项目需要有人资助才可以继续进行。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDebris has successfully cast a net around adummy (仿造的) satellite, simulating (模拟) a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.(一种名为RemoveDebris的实验性清理设备成功地在人造卫星周围撒下了一张网，模拟了一种将来可以收集太空垃圾的技术。)”以及第二段“The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it signals an early step toward dealing with what is already a key problem: rubbish in space. (专家告诉CNN，本周进行的测试被广泛认为是太空清理技术的首次成功示范。这标志着我们在解决太空垃圾这个已经成为关键问题的问题上迈出了早期的一步。)”可知，文章主要介绍了如何成功发明了一个名为RemoveDebris的卫星，用来清理太空垃圾，并详述了其工作原理和工作过程。所以“Satellite First Time Collects Waste(卫星第一次收集垃圾)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
21．C
22．A
23．C
24．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。随着近年来空间发射频率的急剧增加，地球上空发生灾难性碰撞的可能性不断增大。现在，日本轨道清理公司Astroscale正在测试一种解决方案，以期应对日益严重的太空垃圾问题。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“It consists of two spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (它由两个航天器组成:一个较小的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”卫星。较小的卫星装有磁板)”可知，这颗较小的卫星装有一块磁板，可以让“追逐者”与它对接由此可知划线部分“dock with”与“join together”的意思相近，表示“连接在一起”的意思。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Because of the growing space garbage problem, many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail, so this could be a fairly simple likely plan, Forshaw says. (Forshaw说，由于日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司在卫星燃料耗尽或出现故障时有办法将其带回，因此这可能是一个相当简单的可行计划)”可知，因为日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司带回他们的卫星。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段后两句“It consists of two spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allows the chaser to dock with it. (它由两个航天器组成：一个小型的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”。较小的卫星配备了使追踪器与之对接的板磁力板)”及第三段第一句“The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及释放服务卫星，然后重新捕获客户卫星)”，以及第四段最后一句“All of these tests will be performed autonomously, with little to no human input once they are set in motion. (所有这些测试都将自动执行，一旦启动，几乎不需要人工输入)”可知，Astroscale公司会通过服务卫星找到客户卫星，服务卫星通过客户卫星上的磁力板连接上客户卫星，进而捕获客户卫星，整个过程都是自动执行的。通过这样的过程，就可以捕获太空中的垃圾。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及服务卫星释放，然后重新捕获客户卫星 )”可知，这个示范任务将会进行三个不同的测试，可以推断出这个任务会被分成三个不同阶段。故选D。
25．D
26．B
27．D
28．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥五号太空育种任务及其种子优势为地面种植带来的机会。
25．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after being exposed to extraterrestrial forces in lunar orbit and also hoped they could develop beneficial mutations.”（科学家希望检查种子在月球轨道上暴露在地外力量后会发生什么，也希望它们能产生有益的突变。）可知，科学家们将种子放置于嫦娥五号中，是为了让种子处于一个特殊的环境，并观察对其产生的影响。故选D项。
26．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Researchers observe and examine several generations of plants grown from space-bred seeds and investigate their mutations — some are positive and desirable while others are negative.”（研究人员观察和检查了几代从太空培育的种子中生长出来的植物，并调查它们的突变——有些是积极的和令人满意的，而另一些则是消极的。）可推知，有些突变是有益的、可取的，而另一些则是有害的，由此可见，太空育种突变是随机的。故选B项。
27．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground-based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to pared with natural or conventionally bred types of plants, space-developed versions with positive mutations usually feature higher nutritional content, greater annual yields, shorter growth periods and better resistance to diseases and insect pests.”（与地面实验相比，太空育种可以更快更方便地产生突变，并能带来一些本来很难引入的理想性状。与自然或常规培育的植物类型相比，具有正突变的空间发育版本通常具有更高的营养含量、更高的年产量、更短的生长期和更好的抗病虫害能力。）可推知，作者对太空育种持赞赏的态度。故选D项。
28．
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Space breeding can generate mutations faster and more conveniently than ground-based experiments and can bring about some desirable traits that are otherwise hard to introduce.”（与地面实验相比，太空育种可以更快更方便地产生突变，并能带来一些本来很难引入的理想性状。）及第五段“Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been approved for large-scale cultivation, ranging from grains to vegetables and fruits.”（太空育种已经帮助中国产生了200多种新的突变植物，这些植物已被批准进行大规模种植，从谷物到蔬菜和水果。）及全文内容可知，本文介绍了嫦娥五号太空育种任务及其优势为地面种植带来的机会。A选项“Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances”（太空培育的种子提供了很好的机会）适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
29．B
30．B
31．A
32．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是4月8号名为AX-1从美国佛罗里达州发射，通往国际空间站的首次“全私人”形式的太空旅行飞行任务。
29．
推理判断题。结合第一段的“A Spanish rice dish; secreto de cerdo with pisto—Ibérico Pork with tomatoes, onions, eggplant, and peppers; and chicken and mushroom paella, will be served aboard the International Space Station (ISS) throughout the next week.(西班牙菜:一种西班牙米饭；pisto-Ibérico猪肉配番茄、洋葱、茄子和辣椒；以及鸡肉蘑菇海鲜饭，将于下周在国际空间站提供。)”和第二段的“That, at least, is what four of the eleven crew members aboard the ISS will be eating, after a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifts off on April 8,2022 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, carrying the Crew Dragon spacecraft.(在太空探索技术公司的猎鹰9号火箭于2022年4月8日携带Crew Dragon飞船从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角发射升空后，国际空间站上的11名宇航员中至少有4人将吃到这种食物。)”，作者介绍这些食物的目的就是为了引出这一特殊太空旅行的话题，吸引读者。故选B。
30．
推理判断题。结合第二段的“Also on board are three business owners and charitarians: American Larry Connor, Canadian Mark Pathy, and Israeli Eytan Stibbe—each of whom who paid an estimated $55 million per seat for their 20-hour journey to the station and the eight days they will spend aboard.(飞机上还有三名企业主和慈善家:美国人Larry Connor、加拿大人Mark Pathy和以色列人Eytan stibbe，他们每个人都为每个座位支付了大约5500万美元，为他们20个小时的旅程和他们将在空间站度过的8天支付了费用。)”和第三段的“Actually, they are not the first space tourists to the ISS—eleven in total over the past two decades(事实上，他们并不是过去20年里第一批前往ISS -11的太空游客)”，可判断这次任务的主要目的是提供太空旅行。故选B。
31．
推理判断题。根据第4段“We’ve spent anywhere from 750 to over 1,000 hours training. We’re going to do some 25 different experiments covering over 100 hours of research.(我们的训练时间从750小时到1000小时不等。我们将做25个不同的实验，涉及100多个小时的研究。)”可知，“Connor”认为这次飞行做好了充分准备，并具备研究意义。故选A。
32．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Ramon, the first Israeli astronaut, who died in the 2003 disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia. Several pages from Ramon’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them into the space.(他是第一位以色列宇航员，2003年死于哥伦比亚号航天飞机的解体。雷蒙的几页日记在坠机中幸存下来，斯蒂贝将带着它们进入太空。)”可知，Stibbe想斯蒂贝想把雷蒙的日记带进太空来表达对雷蒙的尊重。故选D。
33．A
34．A
35．D
36．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜启动的方式得到了简化，更有利于火箭装载。介绍了两枚火箭的情况和各自的优势。
33．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Astronomers breathed a sigh of relief as the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)sprung to life. JWST would not fit into any modern rocket without being folded. (当詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）重新启动时，天文学家们松了一口气。如果不折叠起来，JWST将无法装进任何现代火箭)”可知，有必要简化启动JWST的方式是因为一些火箭的尺寸很小。故选A。
34．
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“If approved, though, its massive size could ultimately be a”以及后文“for scientists seeking to send larger, more ambitious spacecraft and telescopes throughout the solar system and even beyond”可知，科学家们希望向整个太阳系甚至更远的地方发射更大、更有野心的宇宙飞船和望远镜，所以如果获得批准，它巨大的尺寸最终可能会对科学家有好处，故画线词意思是“好处”。故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“But Starship is instead built for endurance, landing back on the ground for rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lowered the expense of reaching space.(但“星际飞船”是为续航能力而建造的，它会返回地面进行快速再利用，这已经大大降低了进入太空的成本)”可知，星际飞船降低了进入太空的成本。故选D。
36．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As big and bold as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in comparison with what Starship could achieve. “Starship holds the promise of transforming the solar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern. “It completely changes the game.”(尽管SLS可能是巨大而大胆的，但专家们表示，与星际飞船所能实现的成就相比，它就相形见绌了。艾伦·斯特恩说：“星际飞船有希望以一种我们无法真正欣赏的方式改变太阳系。它完全改变了游戏规则。”)”可知，专家对星际飞船的未来充满希望。故选A。