(共41张PPT)
Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.
人教新目标版 九年级上
SectionA 2d
Grammar Focus-4c公开课
Learning objectives
1.Key words & phrases:give…a lift, cream，workday，show up, bean, market, by the end of
2. Key sentences:
1）.By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already shown up.
2）. When she arrived at the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
3.To learn the grammar of ” The Past Perfect Tense”.
Warming up
What do you think of the bear's life
It’s colorful, interesting, unexpected...
His life is full of the unexpected.
adj. 出乎意料的
Free talk
Do you remember any unexpected situations in your daily life
fall down
oversleep
miss the bus
forget to bring
homework
Life is full of the unexpected.
lost the key
win the lottery
The car broke down!
The earthquake happened!
Life is full of the unexpected.
Have these unexpected events happened to you
Look at the picture.
What can you see in the picture
Can you guess what the dialogue is about
School bus
Is someone late for school
Does someone get up late
New drills
Read 2d carefully and answer the questions.
1.Why was Kevin late for class
2.What did he do that morning
3.Did he catch the bus
4.How did he get to school
Because his alarm clock didn’t go o . He kept sleeping, and when he woke up it was already 8:00 a.m.!
He quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door even without brushing his teeth or washing his face.
No. Before he got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
Carl’s dad saw him, and gave him a lift in his car.
give sb. a lift 捎某人一程
go off 发出响声
1.My alarm clock didn’t go off.
2.I woke up.
3.I quickly put on some clothes and rushed out of the door without breakfast.
4.The bus had left.
5.I got to the bus station.
6.I started walking.
7.Carl’s dad gave me a lift.
8.I got to school and I was only five minutes late for class.
Read again and write the events in the correct order.
Matt: Why were you late for class today, Kevin
Kevin: My alarm clock didn’t go o ! I kept sleeping, and when I woke up it was already 8:00 a.m.!
Matt: Oh, no!
Kevin: So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.
Matt: You didn’t eat breakfast
Kevin: No, I didn’t even brush my teeth or wash my face! But before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
Matt: Then how did you get here
Kevin: Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
Matt: Well, at least by the time you got to school, you were only five minutes late for class.
Listen and repeat.
2d
（闹铃等）发出响声.
穿上
冲出；跑出
捎某人一程
1.My alarm clock didn’t go off. 我的闹钟没有响。
go off (警报器等)突然发出巨响
go off还有“中断，失去对……的兴趣”的意思，也可表示(食物)变坏，变质，(灯)熄灭，(水，电)断掉，(质量)下降。
例： My alarm clock _________at 6: 00 every morning.
我的闹钟每天早上6: 00 响。
The siren went off suddenly and the robbers dropped their things and dashed off.
________________________________
goes off
突然警笛大作，盗贼丢下他们的东西撒腿便跑。
Language points
常见的“动词＋off”短语：
2.So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.
put on 意为“穿上；戴上”，用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴眼镜等，强调动作。put on是动副短语，强调动作，反义短语是take off。其宾语若是代词，代词要放在put与on中间。
【拓展】put on的其他用法：
1）增加（体重）；发胖2）上演；举办
例： 外面很冷，请穿上暖和的衣服。________________________________
你外出时最好是穿上它。
_______________________________
It’s cold outside. Please put on your warm clothes.
You’d better put it on when you go out.
【辨析】put on, dress, wear
put on
dress
wear
强调穿的动作，宾语是物，反义词组为take off。
既可表动作也可表状态，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，但多接人作宾语。
强调穿的状态，以物为宾语，可用于进行时。
3.So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out the door.
rush out 冲出，奔出
rush用作动词，意为“冲，奔，赶紧”。常用短语rush to do sth.意为“赶紧做某事”。
rush还可用作名词，意为“匆忙，忙碌，争购”。常用短语：rush hour“高峰时间”，the Christmas rush “圣诞节前的忙碌”。
例： 亨利冲出房间，消失在了雨中。
________________________________
She's always rushing to finish first.
_______________________________
Henry rushed out the room and disappeared in the rain.
她总是赶着第一个完成。
4.Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
luckily是副词,意思是“幸运的是”, 反义词是unluckily, 意为“不幸地”。【拓展】 (1)lucky adj.“幸运的”,既可以作表语,也可以作定语, unlucky“不幸的”。(2)luck n.“运气”。 good luck表示“好运”, 用于祝福某人。bad luck表示“真糟糕,运气不好”。
例： ________________________________
那是一次严重的事故,但是所幸没有人受伤。
有些人认为十三是个不幸运的数字。________________________________
It was a bad accident, but luckily, nobody got hurt.
Some people think thirteen is an unlucky number.
4.Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
give sb. a lift 是动词短语，意为 “捎某人一程”, 相当于give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb/offer sb. a ride.
类似的还有give sb. a hand 意为“给予某人帮助”，相当于help sb. 。
例： ________________________________请问你能否捎我一程？
Jim gave me a lift on my way home yesterday.
________________________________
Could you give me a lift, please
吉姆昨天在我回家的路上捎了我一程。
常考的有关give的短语：give sb.sth./give sth.to sb.把某物给某人
give in交上；屈服；让步give up放弃 give out分发；散发
give away泄露；暴露；赠送
by the time ...
alarm clock
go off
keep doing sth.
wake up
put on some clothes
rush out of the door
give ... a lift
at least
be five minutes late for class
在……以前
闹钟
(闹钟)发出响声
一直做某事
醒来
穿上衣服
冲出门外
捎……一程
至少
上课迟到5分钟
Summay
Role-play the conversation between Matt and Kevin.
Try not to look at your book.
Matt: Why were you late ...
Kevin: My alarm clock ...! I ....!
Matt: Oh, no!
Kevin: So I just ...
Matt: You didn’t eat breakfast
Kevin: No, I...! But ...
Matt: Then ...
Kevin: Luckily, ...
Matt: Well, at least...
Role play
根据课本内容，完成下列句子。
1)当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里了。
_______ I got to school, I realized that I ______ ______ my backpack at home.
2)到我返回学校的时候，铃声已经响过了。
_____ _____ _____ I got back to school, the bell ______ _______.
3)我到达公共汽车站之前， 汽车已经离开了。
Before I _____ _____ the bus stop, the bus ____ _______ _____.
When
had
left
By the time
had rung
got to
had
already left
Practice
由when, by the time, before等引导时间状语从句时，若描述发生在过去的事，主句常用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)表示动作发生在过去的过去。
4)我决定先买一杯咖啡，然后再去办公室。
I ______ ______ ______ go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
5)就在我和别的工作人员一起排队等候的时候，听到了一个巨大的声响。
As I ______ _______ ______ ______ with the other office workers, I ______ _____ _____ ______.
was about to
was waiting in line
heard a loud sound
be about to 打算做某事
be about to do, be doing等表示即将或正在做某事时，常用when/as引导从句表示突然发生的动作。
【总结】
1. 由when, by the time, before等引导时间状语从句时，若描述发生在过去的事，主句常用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)表示动作发生在过去的过去。
2. be about to do, be doing等表示正要或正在做某事时，常用when引导从句表示突然发生的动作，when有时可省略。
1. 过去完成时的构成：_____+___________________________
2. 过去完成时表示：
__________________________________
3. 过去完成时常与 ___________________________等引导的时间状语连用。
had
动词的过去分词形式(V-ed)
when, before, by the time, by
过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
语法归纳
Past Perfect Tense现在完成时
过去的过去
过去某时
现在
将来
过去完成时
now
The bell rang.
8:00 AM
8:15 AM
By the time _______________, the bell _________.
had rung
Mary got to school.
参照点
过去完成时以一个过去的
时间点为参照，表示该动
作发生在“过去的过去”。
Mary got to school.
图解语法
now
The teacher started teaching in the classroom.
8:20 AM
8:22 AM
When _________________________, ___________________________________________.
the teacher had started teaching in the classroom.
She got into the classroom.
She got into the classroom.
过去完成时以一个过去的
时间点为参照，表示该动
作发生在“过去的过去”。
参照点
now
The bus left.
5:20 PM
5:21 AM
Before _______________________________, ___________________________________________.
the bus had already left.
She arrived at the bus stop.
过去完成时以一个过去的
时间点为参照，表示该动
作发生在“过去的过去”。
参照点
She arrived at the bus stop.
【温馨提示1】
判断句子是否用过去完成时态，首先要确定时间状语，接着判断动作是否已经发生或完成，然后再来判断动作发生的先后顺序。
这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或者一个时间状语从句来表示，也可用when, before等引导的从句，或者通过上下文表示。
e.g. The movie had started before I arrived at the cinema.
【温馨提示2】
当过去完成时态中含有表示一段时间的状语时，谓语动词常用延续性动词。
e.g. When I arrived at the school gate, all the other girls had been away for 30 minutes.
been away表示“离开”，这里不能用“left”。
过去完成时的构成
1. 肯定句式：主语 + had + 动词的过去分词 + 其他.
e.g. When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
By the time I got to the airport, the plane had taken off.
2. 否定句式：主语 + had not / hadn’t + 动词的过去分词+ 其他.
e.g. Julian hadn’t cleaned up the house before his mother got home yesterday afternoon.
3. 一般疑问句式：Had + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.
否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t.
e.g. —Had you learned about the culture in the country before you came here
—Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.
4. 特殊疑问句式：疑问词(who除外) + had + 主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他
e.g. How many times had you been to Beijing before you went to college
现在完成时&过去完成时
时态 参照时间不同 时间状语不同 例句
现在完成时 站在“现在”的角度回顾过去，表示一个从过去持续到现在的动作或事件，对现在仍有影响。 时间状语常用today, this week, this year, recently等 We have lived here for ten years.
过去完成时 站在“过去”的角度回顾一个更远的过去，表示一个事件从这个更远的过去持续到离现在较近的过去。句子中必须有一个表示过去的时间或动作的参照点。 时间状语常用by, by the end of, by the time, before, when等构成的短语或从句 We had lived here for ten years when we had to move last year.
过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. After he had done his homework, he went out to play football.
By the time / When I got home, she had locked the door.
Make sentences using by the time or before.
1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up.
By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.
2. The coffee became cold. I put cream (n. 奶油) in the coffee.
3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school.
Before I could put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.
By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday (n. 工作日) ended.
5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema.
6. My mother finished making the apple pie. I got home from my language course.
I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.
The movie had started before I arrived at the cinema.
By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else _____ already __________.
2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he ______________ to add the green beans (n. 豆).
3. By the time my mother came back from the market (n. 市场), I ______ already __________ of the door to go to my piano lesson.
rush out, forget, arrive at, go into, show up(赶到;露面), find out
shown up
had
had forgotten
had
rushed out
4. Before she got to the airport, she ______________ about the earthquake.
5. When she ___________ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he ____________ the building.
(had) found out
arrived at
had gone into
rush out, forget, arrive at, go into, show up(赶到;露面), find out
Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.
1. By the time I left for school in the morning, __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
I had already had breakfast.
I had already brushed my teeth.
I had already finished my homework.
2. By the end of the school day,
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
3. By dinner time, I_________________________________
I_________________________________
I_________________________________
I have got a present from Tom.
I had had these articles read.
I had finished my homework.
had had too many apples.
had eaten plenty of meat.
had all the housework finished.
【中考链接】
1. Since we began to use the Internet, our lives _______ a lot.
( 江西)
A. change B. had changed C. will change D. have changed
2. —Look at the blue sky! The rain ________.
—Let’s go out for a walk. (江苏泰州)
A. stops B. will stop
C. has stopped D. had stopped
3. My parents ________ to work by the time I ________ up.
( 四川巴中)
A. began; get B. had begun; had got C. had begun; got
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