(共43张PPT)
Phonics—自然发音法是一套用自然记忆
的方式,建立字母与发音的直觉音感。不
用借助音标,看着字母就可以直接读出该
词的发音,解决单词不会读,无法拼的问
题。
简单说:“自然拼读法”是教学生如何看词读音或是听音拼词的方法。
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为什么要学习自然拼读法?
美国斯坦佛大学曾经以计算机分析字母与音位的对应关系,结果发现17,008个常用词中——
★84%的字母与其读音是完全对应的
★13%的字母与其读音是不完全对应的
★3%的字母与其读音的对应关系完全无法预测
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自然拼读法可以帮助学生——
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见词能读
听词能写
*不容易遗忘
*提高阅读和写作能力
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一、 同形不同音的字母及音标
b
/b/
book big bag box
/d/
d
desk doll dog dad
f
/f/
fine friend fly foot fan
h
/h/
hat he house hand
j
/ dз /
jeep jam jacket jar
k
/k/
kite cake black thank
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l
/l/
leg left ruler flag lamp
/l/
apple bowl tell old
m
/m/
am map my mouth
n
/n/
no know new hand
p
/ p /
map jeep pig pea
qu
/kw/
quite quilt quick
同形不同音的字母及音标
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r
/r/
red radio brother racket
/t/
t
it sit not that table little
v
/v/
five vase very seven
w
/w/
we window watch want
x
/ ks /
box six fox
z
/z/
zip zoo
同形不同音的字母及音标
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Vowel
U u
O o
I i
E e
A a
Vowel
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二、开音节与闭音节
1)音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节
开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节
A. 绝对开音节:是指一个元音音素后面没有辅音音素 而构成的音节
例如:we, hi, yo-yo, hi, no, be 等
B. 相对开音节:是指一个元音音素后面有一个辅音音素(除r)之外,最后是一个不发音的e字母构成的音节,
例如:take, make
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闭音节:指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)构成的音节
闭音节
元音字母 a, e, i(y), o, u 在重读闭音节中分别读
/ / /e/ /i/ / / / /
如 hand, help,lip,gym,hot,club.
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II. Magic E
A AT ATE
BE BED BEDE
HI HID HIDE
NO NOT NOTE
U US USE
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a-e
Magic E (神奇的E)
cake take lake make face name page
e-e
these theme eve evening
o-e
nose coke rose rope hope pose
i-e
time five nine white write like lime ride
u-e
cute cube huge tube use
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ai,ay 读/ei/
如 wait, aid;day, may.
ei,ey 读/ei/
如 veil, weig h t;grey, they, convey
oa, oe 读/ u/
如 load, coat, toe
三、元音间的字母组合发音
ue, ui 读/u:/
如 glue, suit, blue, fruit
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ea,ee 读/i:/
如 eat, cheap;deep, need
ie,(c)ei 读/i:/
如 field, believe;receive, ceiling
oa 读/ u/
如 road, soap, boat
ue 读/ju:/
如 Tuesday, value, pursue
元音间的字母组合发音
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四、r音节 指以字母r或‘r +辅音字母’结尾的音节
在r音节中:ar 读/ɑ:/, or 读/ :/
er, ir, yr, ur 都读/ :/
注: 在/w/音后, ar读/ :/, 如 war,warm,warn;
or读/ :/, 如 word,work,world,worse.
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元音字母与r & re音节的示例
ar [a:]
armchair card arm car cart park garden farm
er [ ]
sister brother marker rooster under mother winter
ir [ :]
dirty bird birthday circus girl dirt circle
or [ :]
order fork pork
ur [ :]
hurt turkey turtle surfing nurse purse fur
doctor actor favor
[ ]
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re音节 指元音字母与 re 结合而成的音节。
在re音节中:are读/e /,ere读/i /,ire,yre读/ai /,
ore读/ :/, ure读/ ju /
元音字母与r & re音节的示例
are [e ]
hare scare square stare
ere [i ]
here mere severe
ire [ai ]
fire wire tire entire
ore [ :]
more fore core before store
ure [ju ]
cure pure endure
where there [e ]
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五、元音字母O的组合
oo[u]
cook book look good foot boot
ow [au]
now how cow
ou [au]
mouth shout mouse loud house proud
oi/oy [ i]
oil toy noise boy
[u:]
school noodles food zoo
[ u]
window bow low pillow blow slow
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四、辅音字母的读音规则
1. c 在字母e,i,y前读/s/
如cell,city,cyber
其余情况下读/k/
如cat,club,code
2. g 在字母e,i,y前读/ /
如gene,gin,gym
其余情况下读/g/
如beg, golf, game
3. s 多数情况下读/s/
如six,desk,yes
有时读/z/
如is,his,vis'it
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辅音字母的读音规则
4. x 处于两元音字母之间,且其后元音重读时,读/gz/
如exist, exam
其余情况下读/ks/
如six, next, excuse
5. q 读/k/,常和u在一起读/kw/
如quick, question
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五、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
1. a在[w]音后面读 / / want what watch wash quality
2. a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:]
如 after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
3. i在-nd -ld和gh前读[ai] find child light high
4. o在-st -ld前 [ u] most postcard old cold
在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
5. 元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音
例如:June blue ruler super
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六、 辅音字母组合的读音规则
1. ch, tch 读/ /,如China, much;catch, match
2. ph, gh 读 /f/,如photo, phone
3. sh 读 / /,如shape, she, short, fish
4. th 多数情况下读/θ/,如 three, third
但有时读/ / ,如 that, than, with.(读/ /时可下画一线).
5. dg, dj 读/ /,如judge,lodging;adjust, adjective.
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6. wh 在字母o前读/h/,如 who, whom, whose(其中的字母o读/u:/)
其余情况下读/w/,如which,when,why
7. n 在和字母g构成字母组合时,以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前(如c, g, k等)读/ /
如long,thing,length;an'gry,fin'ger;drink,think,thank,long.
8. gu 在元音前读/g/,如guess,guide,guest;
在字母n后读/gw/,如lan'guage distin'guish,lin'guist
辅音字母组合的读音规则
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七、 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则
1. a, o, u 读/ /,如 Chi'na, sec'ond, dif'ficult
2. e, i, y 读/i/,如 result',vic'tim,hap'py
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八、元音字母组合的读音规则
1. au,aw 读/ :/,如 cause, au'ral, launch, sauce, law, dawn
2. eu,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如 neu'tral, deuce;new, view, review
3. air,aer 读/e /,如 air,fair; aer'ial, aer'oplane
4. ear,eer 读/i /如 ear, clear;beer, deer
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5. our 读/au /如 our, sour, h our
6. igh 读/ai/,如 high, light, might, night
7. augh,ough 读/ :/,如 daughter, caught, taught; ought,fought, thought
8. oul 在 could,should,would 中读/u/
元音字母组合的读音规则
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九、 几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则
1. a 在后缀-ace,-ade,-age,-ate中读/i/,如 pal'ace,com'rade,vil'lage,ac'curate
2. e 在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/ /,如cru'el,o’pen,stu'dent,si'lence,flu'ency
3. i 在后缀-ible中读/ /, 如 pos'sible
4. ai,ay,ei,ey 在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如moun'tai n,Fri'day ,for'feit,val'ley
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十、其他字母组合的读音规则
1. -ful 读/ful/,如 help'ful, harm'ful, use'ful
2. -gue 读/g/,如 di'alogue, cat'alogue
3. -que 读/k/,如 cheque, pic'turesque'
4. -ous 读/ s/,如 fa'mous, gen'erous, nerv'ous
5. -our 读/ /,如 fa'vour, h on'our, la'bour
6. -ure 读/ /,如 fig'ure, in'jure. 但在fail'ure中读/j /
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7. -ow 读/ u/,如 win'dow, yel'low, pil'low
8. -ture 读/ /,如 pic'ture, cul'ture, fur'niture
9. -ion 读/ n/, 如 fash'ion, cu sh'ion
10. -stion 读/s n/ , 如 ques'tion, suges'tion, diges'tion
11. -i 在字母 d,t,n,l 后,且在元音字母前,读/j/。如 au'dience,fron'tier,opin'ion,famil' ar
其他字母组合的读音规则
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十一、其他读音规则
oo
1. 读/u/
A. 在字母k前(book,look,took)
B. 在good,foot,stood,wood,wool中
C.在派生词good‘ness,foot’ball,wool‘en中
2.读/u:/ 在其余情况下读/u:/,如: cool,food,loose,room,zoo
3.读/ / 在flood,blood及其派生词(flood'ing,blood'less等)中读/ /
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1. -sure
在元音字母后读/ /,如 clo'sure, expo'sure
在辅音字母后读/ /,如 pres'sure,flex'ure(x=ks)
2. -sion
在元音字母后读/ n/,如 v 'sion, occa'sion, div 'sion
在辅音字母后读/ n/,如 discus'sion,impres'sion,expan'sion
3. -ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi 在字母 a,e,o 前读/ /
如: o‘cean; so’cial;A‘sia;par’tial;Egyp‘tian;suff ’cient; pa'tient;pr 'cious;Rus'sian;an'xious
其他读音规则
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十二、其他组合
kn :knit knob knee knife knock
wr :write wrist wrinkle wrap wreath
mb :bomb thumb lamb numb comb crumb
sp :spell spider spinach spaceship spoon
st :store star storm stamp stockings stick student stand
sc :scale scarf scarecrow scooter scorpion scoop scanner
sk :skirt skunk skis skates
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VII. Consonant Blends:
Beginning
S-family ( st, sk, sp,)
R-family ( gr, br, dr, cr, pr, tr, wr)
L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl)
Ending
N-family ( nt, nd, nk)
Others (mp, st)
Three letters (scr, spl, str,spr)
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VII. Consonant Blends:
st:student stone stop
sp:speak space spoon
sc:scary scarf scar
sk:sky skirt skate
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S-family ( st, sk, sp,)
VII. Consonant Blends:
bl:block blond hair blouse
pl:plum plate plane
gl:glue glasses glove
cl:clay class clone
fl:fly dragonfly butterfly
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L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl)
VII. Consonant Blends:
br:brown broom brick
pr:pray prince princess
gr:grape grey grin
cr:cry crazy crown
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R-family ( gr, br, dr, cr, pr, tr, wr)
VII. Consonant Blends:
fr:Friday friend fruit
tr:tree track trip
dr:driver dream draw
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VII. Consonant Blends:
sl:slid slide slow
sn:snake snap snail
sm:smoke smooth smile
sw:swan sweater switch
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VIII. Consonant Digraphs:
ch:cherry watch beach
ck:duck clock blocks
sh:sheet ship sheep
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VIII. Consonant Digraphs:
gh:laugh cough tough
ph:trophy photo elephant
th:think three thank
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VIII. Consonant Digraphs:
th:leather weather together
wh:whale white wheel
wr:wrinkle write wreath
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VIIII. Others:
ing:king ring swing
ew:new dew nephew
all:wall ball tall
al:salt walk talk
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Tongue twisters(绕口令)
关于字母组合ee的发音。
What can you see I can see a bee. Where is the bee It’s in the tree. What colour is the tree It is green. I can see a bee in the green tree.
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Revision
Tongue twisters(绕口令)
关于字母组合ow的发音。
Snow snow/Fall slow/
On the window/That is yellow.
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