第 一 讲 句子的写作(五大句型 ) 写作指导 ↓ 针对性练习 ↓ 满分作文 ↓ 必备词句 ↓ 实战演练 ↓ 家庭作业 师生互动、发散性思维、 演练结合、当堂点评。
第 二 讲 句子的写作(简单句和复合句)
第 三 讲 段落的写作:主题与扩展
第 四 讲 文章的结构:开头、主体和结尾
第 五 讲 应用文:书信、电子邮件
第 六 讲 应用文:发言稿、通知
第 七 讲 记叙文:写人、叙事
第 八 讲 说明文:介绍人物、事物的说明文
第 九 讲 议论文
第 十 讲 图表、图画作文
第十一讲 提示性作文
第十二讲 (半)开放式作文
第十三讲 体验中考高分写作(一)
第十四讲 体验中考高分写作(二)
第一讲:句子的写作
Ⅰ. 中考书面表达综述
中考书面表达答题步骤
步骤1: 认真审题。内容包括:
文字信息
表格、图标信息
步骤2: 巧妙构思。利用列提纲确定写作中心、组织/筛检材料(注:提纲一定要涉及所有提供得要点)。
步骤3: 信息转换
以词及点:用一两个单词或短语写出每句话的细节要点。
连词成句:用联词成句的方法将上述要点的词语扩展成句子。
连句成文:正确使用表逻辑关系的连接词,使文章前后连贯,结构紧凑,
过度自然。
步骤4: 检查修改。重点检查单词拼写、大小写、标点符号等。
步骤5: 规范抄写。保持卷面整洁。如书写较差,以致影响阅读,分数将降低一个档次。
2. 案例分析
例题:你班进行了一次综合实践活动。通过活动,同学们收获很大,尤其是李华同学进步最快。请你根据表格内容写一篇关于李华的短文。词数80个左右,文章开头已给出,不计入总词数。
过去的表现 现在的表现
经常与别人吵架 与别人相处融洽
乱扔垃圾 爱护环境
沉溺于电脑游戏 积极参加各种活动
参考作文对比,注意划线部分。
三类一般作文 一类优秀作文
We are very glad that Li hua has made great progress. Before the activity, he often quarreled with other students, and never said sorry to others. He always threw trash in the classroom. Sometimes, he played computer games for a very long time. But now, he can make good friends with others. Also, he is very active in taking part in a lot of activities, such as playing basketball, visiting the museums, go swimming…... We all like him very much. We are very glad that Li Hua has made great progress. But he used to be impolite and even often quarreled with others. He threw litter about and made our classroom dirty. After class, he usually lost himself in playing computer games. After this activity, Li Hua has changed a lot. He gets on well with others and is ready to help them. He also takes good care of the environment. He takes an active part in all kinds of activities, too. We are all glad of his progress.
(初一、初二)练习题:通过讨论、分析以下例题,找出写作题材、要点、人称和时态。
例题:下面六幅图描述了十月九日星期三早晨你所经历的一件事。请根据这些图画,用英语写一篇日记。
注意:
1. 日记须包括所有图画的内容,可以适当增加细节,使其连贯。
2. 词数:100 左右。
Ⅱ. 句子的写作
文章无论长短,都是由句子组成的。要想写出漂亮的英文作文,就需使用正确无误的、符合英文文法的句子。从用途来分,句子可以分为陈述句,疑问句,祈使句和感叹句;从结构来分,句子可分为简单句,并列句,复合句和并列复合句。英文句子千变万化,但无论怎样,都离不开五种基本句型。
1. 写作指导--五种基本句型
(1)主语+谓语 My father smokes a lot. Some are dancing, some are singing.
(2)主语+连系动词+表语
She is an English teacher.
The one in red shirt is my uncle.
(3)主语+谓语+宾语
He likes learning Chinese.
We all donated our pocket money.
(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Mr. Wang teaches us English.
I lent her my book.
【注意】并不是所有得动词都能用于此句型。除以上两词外,能用于此句型的动词主要有两大类: (1) bring, give, sell, show, take, tell, throw, write等;
(2) buy, find, get, leave, make, save, choose等。
(5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
I often ask him to help me with my homework.
We chose him our monitor.
练习题(一)、请将下列词连成句子。
1). walk, supper, shall, we, have, after, a
____________________________________________________________
2). I, him, my, considered, friend, best.
____________________________________________________________
3). has, homework, he, not, done, his.
____________________________________________________________
4). to, work, finish, we, difficult, the, it, found.
____________________________________________________________
练习题(二)、分析句子并改错。
1). There was no people to take care of the children.
改:____________________________________________________________
2). There are a desk and two chairs in the room.
改:____________________________________________________________
3). Mr. Wang went to bed until 12 last night.
改:____________________________________________________________
4). When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do.
改:____________________________________________________________
5). When I get to the station the train leave.
改:____________________________________________________________
6). Could you tell me where shall we meet tomorrow
改:____________________________________________________________
7). Watch TV too much is bad for our eyes.
改:____________________________________________________________
8). Though we were very tired, but we felt very happy.
改:____________________________________________________________
2. 满分作文 用优美的语言描写你的学校。要求:请你用英语写一篇短文,词数80左右。短文要求达意、正确、连贯。
My School
At the foot of the mountain there is a river. By the river there is a small school.
The school has no tall building. It has only four old houses. Though old, it is funny and interesting.
Before the houses there is a wooden yard. Students can play freely there after classes. Behind the houses there is a nut garden. When autumn comes, the nuts are in harvest. They are delicious.
On the top of a house there stands a big iron bowl. Do you know what it is It is used to receive TV programs. Wth its help students can know the world far away. It’s amazing, isn’t it
This is my school. Please come and see it.
3. 必备(背)词句。要求仿例模仿造句。
be crazy about 发狂的喜欢…
例句:I am really crazy about Michael Jackson's rock'n'roll.
造句_______________________________________________________
give sb. a hand / give a hand to sb. 帮助某人
翻译:向危难之人伸出援助之手。
_______________________________________________________
the 比较级… the 比较级… 越…越…
翻译:你越努力,你进步越大。
_______________________________________________________
make (full) use of … (充分)利用…
翻译:我们应该充分利用水。
______________________________________________________
There’s no point in doing sth. 做某事无意义、没必要
翻译:等待毫无意义。
______________________________________________________
would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿(可)做… 不愿做…
翻译:我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。
_______________________________________________________.
4. 实战演练:佳句仿写
a) To tell you the truth, all of us were born in the year of goat. 实话告诉你吧,我们都是羊年出生的。
实话告诉你吧,她是我们班学习最好的。
_________________________________________________________.
b) Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我见过最美丽的女孩。
张老师是我遇到的最仁慈的老师。
_________________________________________________________.
c) Reading is good for our mind. 读书对我们的心智有益。
做早操对我们有好处。_________________________________________________________.
d) Nothing is difficult to do as long as you want to have a try. 只要肯尝试,任何事情都不难!
只要你需要我,我就愿意伸出援助之手。
_________________________________________________________.
书面表达评分标准:
说明:先根据文章整体内容和语言表达确定档次,然后在该档次内评出分数。
第一档:(12-10分)
完全符合题目要求,表达思想清楚,内容丰富。使用多种语法结构和丰富的词汇,语言通顺,语意连贯,具有逻辑性。允许个别语言错误。
第二档:(9-7分)
符合题目要求,表达思想基本清楚,内容完整。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺,语意基本连贯。有少量语言错误,但不影响整体理解。
第三档:(6-4分)
部分内容符合题目要求,表达思想不清楚,内容不完整。语法结构和词汇错误较多,语言不通顺,影响整体理解。
第四档:(3-0分)
与题目有关的内容不多,不能表达自己的思想。只是简单拼凑提示词语,所写内容难以理解。
5. 初二家庭作业:根据中、英文提示,将下列要点连成一个小段落
Tom Appearance 又高又壮
Personalities 随和;有创新精神 (creative)
Shortcomings(缺点) 花钱太多
Your opinion(s) ……
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
初三家庭作业 作文北京四中2009
根据中文大意,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的短文。所给英语提示词语供选用。
目前洋快餐在中国非常流行,许多中学生都很喜欢。洋快餐餐厅不仅拥有较好的环境,而且能够提供方便快捷的服务。但是……请结合你自己的经历,谈谈你对洋快餐的看法。
提示词语:
foreign fast food, popular, like, clean, service, fast and convenient (方便的), too much
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
作文讲座收获的短语、句型
发狂的喜欢
向某人伸出援手(2)
越… 越….
充分利用
做某事无意义,没必要
宁愿做某事…不愿做….
实话告诉你吧
我见过的最美的女孩
做早操对我们有好处
只要…..
如此….以至于…..
作文北京四中2009 答案
Foreign fast food is so popular in China that many students like eating it. They like eating in fast food restaurants because most of them are clean and the service is fast and convenient. But fast food has too much salt, sugar and fat, and eating it too much is bad for people’s health.
Although the fast food is not very healthy to us, I like it because it is quite different from Chinese food and it tastes good. When we hold a party, we usually choose eating there. But I don’t think it’s all right to eat foreign fast food very often. If we eat it only once a month, we needn’t worry about anything.
第二讲:句子的写作
---简单句和复合句
中考书面表达对优秀作文要求之一是句法的正确使用。简单句与复合句的选择和灵活运用不但可以增强文章的表现力,而且还使文章富有节奏感。写出漂亮的简单句,使简单句不简单;巧妙使用各种复合句,提升文章的档次。这是写出优秀作文的必要条件。
【切记】考试时不使用没有把握的句子。
Ⅰ. 简单句
1. 写作指导---精彩的简单句
(1)连词词组、介词短语和动词固定搭配的使用:此部分内容需考生熟练掌握。
连词词组:both…and…, neither…nor…, either…or…, as well as……等
介词短语:from…to…,till/until, by means of…, in favor of……等
动词固定搭配:make progress, have fun, take time, keep a promise……等
(2)感叹句的使用:熟练使用以how和what引导的感叹句,突出说话人的强烈情感。
what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语(it)+谓语(is)!
How+adj.(adv.)+主语(it)+谓语(is)!
(3)强调句的使用:强调句的种类繁多,也是考试的难点之一。在使用时,考生需要根据自身实力酌情选择。以下是书面表达中易掌握的强调句式。
do(does/did)+动词原形
It引导的强调句:It is (was)+被强调部分+that (who)+句子其他部分
倒装句:倒装是考试难点中的难点。书面表达中可能用到的两种倒装句式:
Only+状语+助动词(情态动词)+主语+谓语
so(neither/nor)+助动词(系动词/情态动词)+主语 (so表示肯定意义、neither/nor表示否定意义)
2. 练习:用以下词组填空
by means of keep promise in favor of
as well as neither…nor… take time
_____________ I ____________ she is a teacher.
我和她都不是老师。
Fei Junlong ____________________ Yang Liwei are the national heroes.
费俊龙和杨利伟一样也成为了人民英雄。
She tried to explain _____________________body language.
她试着通过肢体语言来解释。
I’m ____________________his opinion.
我同意他的观点。
English studying________________________.
学英语很花费时间。
I must ____________my ______________.
我得遵守诺言/我不能食言。
Ⅱ. 复合句
1. 写作指导
(1)熟悉各种从句的结构。复合句是初中阶段重要的语法项目,是中考考察的重点。
希望大家熟练掌握常用复合句的构成、先行词/引导词、主句和从句的时态等。
(2)掌握句型转换技巧。很多同学都存在概念混淆、理解不透彻的问题。因此,建议
大家在做书面表达题时尽量将较长的、复杂的复合句转换成我们比较习惯的简单
句。提高训练自己用多种方式表达相同意思的能力。
2. 练习
(一)、将下列含宾语从句的复合句转换为简单句
1) We can’t decide what we should do. (用不定式替换)
______________________________________________.
2) I remember that I once met her at a party. (用动词固定搭配替换)
______________________________________________.
(二)、将下列含状语从句的复合句转化为简单句
1) He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. (用介词短语替换)
______________________________________________.
2) Turn off the light before you leave the classroom. (用分词结构替换)
______________________________________________.
(三)、用两种方法表达同样的意思
1)他们玩得很开心。(提示:have a good time; enjoy oneself)
______________________________________________.
______________________________________________.
2)我六点才到家。(提示:when; not…until…)
______________________________________________.
______________________________________________.
Ⅲ. 满分作文
快餐在中国很流行,但快餐对人体却没什么好处。请根据下面中文提示,以“Fast Food”
为题,写一篇80词左右得英语短文。
提示:(1)快餐十分流行,尤其是儿童很喜欢;
(2)快餐受欢迎的原因:方便(convenient)、省时;既可在快餐店吃可以带家吃;
(3)从营养角度讲快餐食品不利于健康;
(4)建议:如时间来不及可吃快餐,但儿童应尽量少吃。
要求:句子通顺,语言表达正确,可适当增加细节使内容连贯。
Fast Food
Fast food is becoming more and more popular in China, especially among children.
There are several reasons for the fast food. First, it is very convenient and save time. Second, you can either eat it in the restaurant or take it home. Third, the service is quite good.
However, eating fast food too much will do harm to our health. I think fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry. It’s good for people, especially children, to eat fast food as little as possible.
Ⅳ. 必备(背)词句
both… and… …和…都…
例句:Both you and I are good students.
你和我都是好学生。
either… or… 不是…就是…/…或…
例句:___________________________________________________.
你可以在早晨或在临睡前记单词。
not… until… 直到…才…
例句:___________________________________________________.
直到中午我们才赶到目的地(destination)。(尝试用倒装句表达)
make progress 取得进步
例句:We are eager to make progress.
我们很渴望取得进步。
not only… but also… 不但…而且…
例句:___________________________________________________.
我不但喜欢音乐,而且还喜欢体育。(尝试用倒装句表达)
too… to… 太…以至于不…
例句:I was too excited to go to sleep.
我太兴奋了以至于无法入睡。
Ⅴ. 实战演练:用另外一种方法表达
年龄 She is 8 years old.
______________________________________________________.
外貌 She has a round face and big eyes.
______________________________________________________.
性格 She is kind and easy to get along with.
______________________________________________________.
爱好 She likes reading and music.
______________________________________________________.
体重 She weighs 32 kilos.
______________________________________________________.
Ⅵ. 家庭作业:翻译下列句子
_______________________________________________________________.
只有努力我们才能取得最后的成功。(强调句)
_______________________________________________________________.
是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做实验(强调句)
_______________________________________________________________.
千万保重!(强调句)
_______________________________________________________________.
那时我才意识到英语的重要性。(强调句)
_______________________________________________________________.
约翰从没迟到过,我也从来没有过。(倒装句)
短文:根据下列中文提示,写一篇词数在80左右的短文.
提示:1. 昨天在上学的路上,你 看见一个盲人在过马路,你给予帮助;
知道她要去第一人民医院买药,你一直把他送到英语才去上学;
你的老师了解情况后,说你做的对,你感到很高兴。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
第三讲:段落的写作
段落是由一组共同表示一个中心思想的许多句子组合而成的。虽然每个段落都是文章的一部分,但它本身具有一定的完整性,即:思想内容的一致和句子的前后连贯性。
Ⅰ. 写作指导
1. 概括性的主题句:每个段落都需有一个明确的主题句。主题句一般位于段首。
主题句的功能:
(1)为笔者提供紧紧围绕写作目标的方法;
【提示】主题句中的“中心词/中心思想”是选择支持事例或细节的标杆。
(2)为读者提供理解作者想表述内容的工具。
2. 层次分明的事例和细节:仔细筛选事例或细节。所选事例/细节应从不同角度、不同深度解释、延展、支持、说明主题句的中心词/思想。
事例和细节的选择应注意:
(1)每个事例/细节都应“服务/从属”于主题句的主旨,即主题句的中心词/中心思
想;
(2)相关事例/细节必须充分且有序排列;
(3)巧妙运用关联词将事例与事例、细节与细节有机连接。(参照关联词部分)
3. 简洁明确、与主题句呼应的总结句:总结段落大意,位于段尾。
练习一:分析对比以下两段文字,并根据要求完成任务。
Sample Passage One (例文一) Sample Passage Two (例文二)
Title:_________________________ Title:__________________________
I had a wonderful summer. First, I started sleeping in every day. I would then go swimming with my friends. I stayed up late watching TV a lot, and I went to camp for a week. I wished my summer would never end! I like our English teacher. He is thirty-three years old. He is very strict with us, but very kind. He likes playing basketball. His class is very interesting and lively. He works hard. I like him and my Maths teacher.
任务: 用下划线标出以上两段文字的主题句。 分别列出例文一和例文二中支持主题句的事例/细节。 如果你是评分老师,你会给哪段文字打高分?为什么? 请给每段文字加一个标题。
练习二:认真阅读下列主题句。(1) 找出以下每句的中心词
(2) 给出2-3个支持事例或细节
(3) 以一句话做总结
This weekend I helped my parents with chores.
中心词:____________________________________________
支持事例/细节:______________________________________
______________________________________
总结句:
_________________________________________________________
There are some advantages to taking additional classes after school.
中心词:____________________________________________
支持事例/细节:______________________________________
______________________________________
总结句:
_________________________________________________________
I like collecting stamps.
中心词:____________________________________________
支持事例/细节:______________________________________
______________________________________
总结句:
_________________________________________________________
In the past, students had too much homework.
中心词:____________________________________________
支持事例/细节:______________________________________
______________________________________
总结句:
_________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 满分作文
根据下列内容提示,些一篇80词左右得日记。
内容要点:
2月8日(星期六,晴天)上午8:30;
两支足球队:老年队(the Aged Team)和少年队(the Teenagers Team),最大的队员91岁,最小的队员9岁;
上半场老年队以3-2获胜,第二场老年队体力欠佳,最后少年队5-4赢得球赛。
Saturday February 8th Fine
There was a special football game today. ①It attracted many people. ②The game was between the Aged Team and the Teenagers Team. The oldest player was 91 years old while the youngest was only 9. ③The game started at 8:30 in the morning. The Aged Team won the first half. The score was 3 to 2. But in the second half, they felt a bit tired. The teens were still fully of energy. ④The audience cheered for both teams. ⑤In the end, the Teenagers Team won, and the score was 5 to 4. How wonderful the game was!
Ⅲ. 必备(背)词句
as soon as… 一… 就 …
例句:______________________________________________________________.
一看到见她我就知道出事了/有事不对了。
as + adj. + as possible / as many(much)+可数(不可数)名词+as possible尽可能….的
例句:_____________________________________________________________.
他尽可能多的问了很多问题。
be famous for…… 以…而闻名、著名
例句:______________________________________________________________.
我们学校以篮球著称。
had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做…
例句:______________________________________________________________.
你最好不要吃太多快餐。
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人做某事花了多长时间。
例句:______________________________________________________________.
我花了2个月完成了这项调查。
It’s time for sth. / It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是做…的时间了、该做….了
例句:It’s time for school.
该上学了。
_____________________________________________________________.
我们该休息休息了。
prefer to do sth. 宁可、更愿意做… / prefer doing to sth. 更喜欢做…不喜欢做…
例句:I prefer to listen to some in my spare time.
空闲时间,我更愿意听听音乐。
_____________________________________________________________.
比起游泳,我更喜欢钓鱼。
used to do sth. 过去曾经、常做…(现在不做了)
例句:______________________________________________________________.
以前他每天上课都迟到。
Ⅳ. 实战演练
根据提示写一段介绍中国各地饮食的段落。
提示(1)我国饮食种类繁多,如粤菜、川菜等各有地方特色;
(2)广东菜口味清淡、四川菜以辣著称、上海菜比较油腻;
(3)北方人多吃面条和饺子;
(4)南方人多吃米饭和海鲜;
(5)总之,中国菜色香味俱佳。
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ. 家庭作业
丰富多彩的课外活动可以减轻学习压力、充实校园生活;同学们还可以在活动中强身健体、在合作中增进友谊。但是一些学生认为参加课外活动会浪费时间、经历;特别是活动后容易感到疲劳,从而影响学习……
请围绕九年级学生在复习期间该不该参加课外活动(after-class activity)这一话题,展开思路谈谈你的感想。
要求:1. 请根据提供的信息材料和话题(不要逐字翻译),写出结构完整,语言丰富又没,表达合理、语法准确、符合逻辑、可读性强的短文;
2. 80词以上;
3. 不得使用真实姓名、地名、学校名;
4. 题目自拟。
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
第四讲:文章的结构
--开头、主体和结尾
中考英语书面表达篇幅要求不长,但是,要求有明确的开头部分,文章主体部分及结尾部分,不能是一篇由十几个句子简单拼凑起来的短文。因此,在写作过程中,要注意以下要点:
Ⅰ. 写作指导
1. “开门见山”式的开头:一般来说,文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”,即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题,使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。
2. “条理清楚”的主体:理顺要点的先后表达顺序,并将各个单句按照其逻辑关系进行适当调整。
3. “点明主题”的自然结尾:文章的结尾没有固定的模式,可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一种较为常见的结尾方法,是对一篇文章的中心思想、主要内容进行清晰明朗的总结,甚至是画龙点睛。恰当的总结和归纳往往会使文章增色。
练习一:根据背景提示编写出文章的开头。
背景1:为了保护环境,节约能源,中国政府出台了一条禁令:从2008年6月1日起,禁止超市和商店使用超薄塑料袋。如客户有需要,需付费。请针对此禁令发表你的看法。
提示词汇:ban(禁令),stop…from doing sth. provide, free(免费), protect, cause.
你的开头:__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
背景2:蜡烛、蛋糕……一定让你想起了一个个难忘的生日。下一个生日你打算怎么过?请以‘My Dream Birthday’为题,发挥想象,写一篇作文。
你的开头:__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
练习二:为以上两篇文章各编写一个的合理的结尾
背景1:
你的结尾:__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
背景2:
你的结尾:__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 满分作文
After three years of staying together, you will say goodbye to your teachers soon. You must have much to say to your teachers.
We want to know:
What you want to say to your English teacher most.
Why you want to say so
What you want to tell her about your future plan
要求:1词数:60-80
2. 不要出现真实的人名和校名
敬爱的老师,我想对你说:
Dear Mrs. Guo,
I want to say ‘Thank you’ most at the moment when I have to say goodbye to you.
I really appreciate what you have done for me. I used to be too shy to speak English in front of the class. You found my problem and helped me out. I can still remember your smile on the day when I won the first prize in the English speech contest. It was you who gave me the confidence.
I have a dream of going to the Beijing University in the future. Though it’s hard for me, I’m sure your love will encourage me to achieve.
Yours,
Tom
Ⅲ. 必备(背)词句
try one’s best to do sth. 努力做某事
例句:______________________________________________________________.
老师希望我们竭尽全力取得尽可能大的进步。
not…until… 直到…为止
例句:______________________________________________________________.
过去,直到10:30我才能去睡觉,现在我9:30就可以睡觉。
in order to do sth. 为了
例句:______________________________________________________________.
她努力学习为了能考取北京大学。
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
例句:______________________________________________________________.
你最好多练习些听力。
get ready for sth. …做准备
例句:______________________________________________________________.
我在准备明天的考试。
all kinds of… 各种各样的…
例句: _____________________________________________________________.
他喜欢各种各样的水果。
so… that… 如此…以至于…
例句:______________________________________________________________.
瑞安市如此的害怕以至于他的书本掉到了地上。
share sth. with sb. 与某人一起分享…
例句:______________________________________________________________.
我很乐意与她共用一本字典。
Ⅳ. 实战演练
下面是一份英语学习自我评价表,每个评价项目后有若干个选项。请在符合自己实际情况的选项方框中打√(可以多选)。根据你的选择,以“My English Learning”为题写一篇短文,介绍你英语学习中的优势与不足,并针对自己的不足之处,提出改进方法。
注意:1. 语言通顺,意思连贯,书写规范;
2. 词数80左右。
English Learning Self-assessment
The new words I can remember:
□ all □ most □ some □ several
My favorite activities:
□ pair work □ writing □ doing grammar exercises
□ learning new vocabulary □ class discussions
The most difficult part in English learning:
□ reading □ listening □grammar □ vocabulary
□ speaking □ writing
The useful ways in English learning:
keeping a vocabulary notebook
taking an active part in class discussions
reading texts aloud
preparing lessons carefully before class
Need to be improved in learning areas:
□ listening □ reading □ speaking □ writing
□grammar □ vocabulary □ pronunciation
My English Learning
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ. 家庭作业
假如你要接受一家英文报社的采访,记者提出的问题是“How can you be a good child ”请你根据下面所给提示及要求,准备一段应答稿。(文稿开头已给出,不计入总词数)
提示:1. What should you do at school
2. What can you do to give help at home
3. How do you show your love to parents(or grandparents…)?
要求:1. 文稿必须包含所有提示内容,可以适当发挥;
2. 文稿中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名;
3. 词数:60-80个
How can you be a good child
Well, to be a good child, I ______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
第五讲 应用文
--书信、电子邮件
应用文是人们在生活、学习、工作和社会活动中经常使用到的,是为解决实际问题、处理具体事务而写的,它要求实用、真实、准确,还要求格式规范。人们阅读应用文时,一般不包含欣赏的因素,只要求文通、字顺、事明即可。所以,应用文要写的简洁明了,事实清楚,对内容、格式作周密具体的考虑和安排,以免因疏漏而贻误事情。
应用文在实践中已形成了各种较为固定的形式。中考经常涉及的英语应用文主要有书信、电子邮件、发言稿、通知等。考生有必要 熟悉有关应用文的写作知识,了解有关应用文的写作要求,从而掌握有关应用文的写作诀窍。
I. 书信
1. 写作指导
英文书信一般由以下五部分组成:
信头(Heading):即写信人的地址和写信的日期、要写在信纸的右上角;
称呼(Salutation):指对收信人的称呼,写在左上角,顶格写;称呼后面的标点一般用逗号“,”;
正文(Body of the letter): 信件的主体部分。写在称呼的下一行,一般由左边第三或第五个字母处开始写起;
【注意】近些年来,中考增加了一种较为灵活的书信写作形式,即:写回信。这类题型中,书信正文的开头除简单的问候(How are you / How’s everything going )外,应该总结一下上封来信中提出的问题、需求等,使读者更清楚地了解这封回信的意图。
结束语(Closing): 指正文下面的结尾客套语。位置应低于正文一、二行。一般从信纸的中间稍右写起,第一个字母大写,末尾用逗号。常用的结束语有Yours sincerely, Yours, Sincerely yours, Yours truly等;
署名(Signature): 写在结束语的下面。
练习题:
圣诞节快到了,你收到了一封来自圣诞老人的信。根据来信内容及提示信息,完成回信
正文部分的开头、主体和结尾。
Dear Tom (Mary),
Not long from now, I'll be leaving the North Pole for my long trip on Christmas. Although it's a long journey, I am still eager to visit you in Beijing soon.
My elves (精灵) tell me that you have received a high mark in your final English exam this year, that's excellent! I think you are such a smart boy (girl) for your age. I'm so proud of you!
I must go now to check on the busy little elves in the workshop where they are making all the toys and gifts for the good boys and girls. Let me know what present you want for the coming Christmas. We will be loading (装) the sleigh(雪橇) soon and heading your way!
I’m looking forward to your message.
Merry Christmas and Warmest Wishes!
Santa Clause
(1) 正文开头的提示:很高兴/兴奋收到您(圣诞老人)的来信。
Dear Santa,
It’s ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(2)正文主体的提示:我想告诉您我现在正在做……
我又长大一岁了,我最想要的礼物是……,因为……
我会把红袜子挂在床头上,您一定要来哦!
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(3)正文结尾的提示:最后,非常感谢您对我的鼓励,我会继续……,争取……
代我祝福那些辛勤工作的小精灵们,并期盼您的到来。
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Tom (Mary)
2. 满分作文
江苏盐城市2005年中考
小明和小华是在“手拉手”活动中结成的一对学习伙伴。前不久,小名来信向小华询问如何学好英语。请你以小华的名义给他写封信。
内容包括:
学习英语的基本方法(listen carefully; speak much; read widely; learn …by heart; practise writing; …);
你的体会和其他建议。
词数:80词左右。信的开头与结尾以为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Xiao Ming,
I’m very glad to receive your letter. In your letter you asked me about how to learn English. Now I’ll tell you something about it.
I think you must listen carefully and be active in class. Speak as much as possible. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. You’d better read widely and learn some important parts by heart. You should practise writing often. Of course there are many other ways. You can also see English movies, learn to sing English songs or make pen-friends with foreigners. They are all very helpful. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. I’m sure you’ll learn English well.
Yours,
Xiao Hua
3. 必备(背)词句
(1) It’s very glad(happy) to… 很高兴…
例句:_____________________________________________________________________
非常高兴收到你的来信。
(2) everything goes well/everything is all right 诸事顺利、诸事安好
例句:_____________________________________________________________________
希望你那里一切都很顺利。
(3) tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
例句:_____________________________________________________________________
信里面你问我在中国学习一事,现在我来告诉你有关情况。
(4) I’m afraid… 恐怕…
例句:_____________________________________________________________________
我恐怕得停笔了。
(5) I’m so sorry(happy) to hear that… 得知...(听到...消息),我很难过(高兴)。
例句:_____________________________________________________________________
得知你英语考试不及格,我很难过。
(6) I’m writing to… 此信是为了…
例句: _____________________________________________________________________
写此信是为了感谢你对我英语学习方面的帮助。
(7) send best regards to sb. 代我问候某人
例句: _____________________________________________________________________
请代我问候你的父母。
(8) I’m looking forward to sth. 期盼某事
例句:_____________________________________________________________________
热切期盼你的回复。
4.实战演练
假如你是王芳,在去年夏令营时认识了一个朋友Cindy,她从英国给你寄来一件蓝色的衬衫,你收到以后写一封回信给她,要点如下:
向她问好并表示感谢;
礼物你非常喜欢,蓝色是你最喜欢的颜色;
告诉她你近来很好,上周过生日很热闹;
希望她能来中国。
注意:信的格式已给出。词数60以上。
Dear Cindy,
How are you __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Wang Fang
Ⅱ.电子邮件
写作指导
电子邮件一般由以下五部分组成:
(1)收件人地址: 在标题栏的 “收件人(To)”框中输入收信人的E-mail 地址。
(2)主题: “主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明地概括新的内容,短的可以是一个
单词,如greeting;长得可以是一个名词性短语,也可以使完整句。
(3)称呼: E-mail一般使用非正式的文体,因此正文前的称呼通常无需使用诸如Dear
Mr. John 之类的表达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名,如:Hi Tom,
但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔并使用姓。如:Dear Doctor Li,。
(4)正文: 写E-mail和写英文书信相差不多,但要注意以下两点:
a: 首先要明确写给谁。不同的收件人,语气不同。写给朋友的可用一些俚语或缩写语言,但正式的邮件就不能用俚语或缩写词语。像中考书面表达就是正规的写作,就不能用俚语或缩写词语。
b: 写电子邮件要直接,并多用短剧使意思清楚。对重点部分要作详细介绍,中考试题要求写电子邮件,就必须根据提示,将要点写全,并注意语言的运用。
(5)信尾客套话: 信尾客套话通常也很简明。常常只需一个词,如:Thanks, Best, Cheers 等; 不需要用一般信函中的Sincerely yours, Best regards 等。
2. 满分作文
根据中文提示和英文书信内容,写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的回信。
假设你叫王明,昨天收到了笔友David 的E-mail,得知他不久要到北京来学习中文。他想了解如何学好中文。请你用英文给他回复一封,介绍学习中文的体会和方法,提出你的建议,以及表达你帮助他学好中文的愿望。(信的开头和结尾已给出,其自述不计入所完成的短文内。)
提示词语:Chinese, be, useful, many foreigners, learn, now, difficult, different from, it is important…, listen, talk, read, write
Dear David,
I’m glad you’ll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now. It’s difficult for you because it’s quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It’s also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practice your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please ask me. I’m sure you’ll learn Chinese well.
Hope to see you soon in Beijing
Yours,
Wang Ming
3. 必备(背)词句
(1) receive 收到
例句:_________________________________________________________________
你的电子邮件我已收到。
(2) give advice 提建议
例句:_________________________________________________________________
请就如何养成良好习惯给我提些建议。
(3) thank sb. for sth. 感谢某人做了某事
例句:_________________________________________________________________
非常感谢您帮我解决了这个问题。
(4) invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
例句:_________________________________________________________________
我写这封信是想邀请你参加我的生日聚会。
(5) keep(stay) in touch 保持联络
4. 实战演练
根据中文提示和英文书信内容,写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的回信。
假如你叫李玲,是英国中学生露茜的笔友,你收到了她的电子邮件。请根据她来信的内容写一封回信。针对她的困惑,谈谈你的看法,同时提出一些建议,告诉她应该做什么,不应该做什么。(信的开头和结尾已给出,其自述不计入所完成的短文内。)
Dear Li Ling,
These days Tom Cruise, the film star, always comes into my mind. I think of him night and day. I just sit in my room and watch videos of his films again and again. I’ve written hundreds of letters to him and sent e-mails to his fan club, but all I get back are only photos with his names on them. I dream that some day I’ll meet him and that he’ll feel the same way about me. I don’t want to learn my lessons any more, and I’ll have final exams next month.
I’m thinking of running away to Hollywood(好莱坞)to meet him. Can you help me with the problem
Yours,
Lucy
Hi Lucy,
Nice to hear from you. ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Ling
5. 家庭作业
假设你叫李磊,请你针对这封信的内容,给这位父亲写封回信,谈谈你的看法。可充分利用来信后面的提示用语,展开合理的联想。
要求:条理清楚,语意连贯,句式规范,字迹工整。词数80左右。
Dear editor,
I’m sorry to trouble you. I have a daughter. She is 14 year old. She likes making telephone calls. As soon as she gets back from school, she picks up the telephone and calls her classmates. She talks and talks, sometimes even for an hour. We can’t use it. I tell her not to do it, but she is unhappy. What should I do
A worried father
提示:
1. as a student, put one’s heart into…
2. make too much telephone calls, be bad for…
3. tell… to one’s teachers…
4. find out whom your daughter calls, ask their parents for …
5. buy a telephone for…, pay for it by…
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
第六讲 应用文的写作
---发言稿、通知
Ⅰ. 发言稿
1.写作指导
发言稿是参加会议者为了在会议上表达自己的意见、看法或汇报思想、工作情况而事先准备好的文稿。格式一般由三部分构成:
称呼。顶格书写。常用的称呼有Dear Mr./Mrs./Miss.…, Dear Sir/Madam, Ladies and gentlemen,
正文
结束语
发言稿的写作要注意两点:
演讲稿最重要的一点是要有吸引力,所以明确演讲的对象很重要,对不同的听众发
言,发言的内容不同。
发言稿中赞同什么,反对什么,要旗帜鲜明,不能模棱两可。
此外在准备演讲稿时,应力求语言通俗易懂,诙谐幽默,生动形象,层次清晰,逻辑性强,句子精悍有力,文字朗朗上口,语言节奏感强。具体来说就是要多运用以下几种手段:
多采用单句。 ②语言多口语化。③多用排比句。
④重复修辞格多。⑤多采用祈使句。⑥多运用设问句。
满分作文
假设你将代表你校2008届毕业生在学校毕业典礼上发言,请你用英语写一篇发言稿,发言稿内容要点如下:
回顾 美丽的校园、生动有趣的教学、三年来的收获
感谢 老师的培养、父母的支持、同学的帮助
祝愿 考生自拟、至少两点
注意:1. 词数80左右。
2. 发言稿必须包括所有要点,不要逐词翻译,可适当发挥。
3. 不得使用审视人名、校名等相关信息。
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, my dear teachers and fellow graduates,
It is a great honor for me to make a speech on behalf of the graduating class of 2008.
It has been threes years for us to study in this beautiful school. Our teachers always try to make their lessons lively and interesting. We have learned a lot over these years, but we could hardly succeed without our teachers’ efforts, our parents’ supports and our classmates’ help. At this moment, I would like to thank all of you for what you have done for us.
I wish our school more beautiful and all of us a wonderful future!
Goodbye, our beautiful school, our dear teachers and our friends.
Thank you for listening.
3. 必备(背)词句
首先_______________ 总而言之_____________ 简单地说 _______________
只要______________ 女士们,先生们_______________ 请注意______________
(1) 今天让我们谈谈网上购物这个话题。
_____________________________________________________________________
(2) 很荣幸能有机会与您交流。
_____________________________________________________________________
(3) 我们能做些什么?让我说说我的打算。
_____________________________________________________________________
(4) 我们每个人都在思考未来
_____________________________________________________________________
(5) As a freshman, you are going to have a completely new life.
_____________________________________________________________________
(6) As long as we work together, I’m sure our beautiful dream will come true.
_____________________________________________________________________
4.实战演练
你是一名初中生,数学学得非常好。在明天的班会上,老师想让你谈谈学习数学的方法和经验。根据以下中文提示写一篇80词左右的发言稿。可作适当的发挥。
提示:
每天预习(preview)功课,这样能更好地理解(have a better understanding)老师的讲话内容;
上课认真听讲,不懂及时提问,不要觉得不好意思;
从不抄作业(copy other’s homework),并认真改正作业中的错误(correct the mistakes);
你觉得数学并不十分困难。只要努力,每个人都能学好。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 通知
写作指导
通知是一种常用应用文体,用来把有关事情告知特定的读者或听众。它分为书面通知和口头通知两种,这两种通知在格式上有较大差别。
书面通知的常见形式有一般、布告、海报等。它们一般张贴在布告栏或黑板上。通知的正文上方有Notice(或全部大写NOTICE)或Announcement(或全部大写ANNOUNCEMENT)为题目。通知题目要求居中打印、书写,有时为了强调、甚至可以以粗体形式出现。书面通知的正文一般用第三人称来写。时间、地点、参加者、内容、注意事项是通知的要点,应在正文中直截了当地一一予以说明。
书面通知一定要有发通知的时间及落款。
口头通知一般不用写题目,也不必有出通知的时间。由于口头通知是面对面的告知事情,所以应该有称呼和开头语,还要用结束语。它的结构比较松散,形式比较灵活,口头语较多。
通知都是宣布即将发生的事情及其具体内容,因而多用将来时态,其中往往有一些注意事项,一般用祈使句来强调。通知还必须具备三个要素:时间、地点、活动内容,而且这些都得准确无误。
满分作文
天津市2006 中考
请你以学校学生会主席的身份,写一份有关即将在本校举办2006年英语夏令营的书面通知,内容如下:
时间 7月29日至8月1日
地点 学校礼堂
内容 1.演讲、辩论
2.谈学习英语的经验
3.师生英语晚会
4.浏览市容
要求 1.欢迎广大同学踊跃参加夏令营活动
2.活动后写一篇日记,谈谈你的感想
注意:
1.词数在80-100个左右。
2.意思连贯、语言通顺、避免逐条翻译。
3.开头部分已经给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:做演讲 make a speech (give a lecture) 辩论 have a debate
Dear students,
The English Summer Camp will be held in the school hall from July 29 to August 1. Many interesting activities are waiting for you to join in.
During the camp, you can give a lecture and have a debate. Beside, the students who do well in English study will talk about their experience. There is also an English party between teachers and students. In the end, you’ll have a chance to visit the city of Tianjin.
Everyone is welcome to take an active part in it. Don’t forget to tell us what you think of the camp in your diary.
Students’ Union
June 6, 2006
3. 必备(背)词句
(1)我要宣布一个通知。
_________________________________________________________________
(2)我有事情要告诉你们。
__________________________________________________________________
(3)我有好消息要告诉你们!
__________________________________________________________________
(4)今天下午有个报告会。
___________________________________________________________________
(5)运动会将推迟到下周。
___________________________________________________________________
(6)我们要听一个历史报告。
___________________________________________________________________
(7)我们已决定要参观科学博物馆。
___________________________________________________________________
(8)请随身带着笔记本。
___________________________________________________________________
(9)周六早晨7点钟在学校门口集合。
___________________________________________________________________
(10)请准时到那儿,不要迟到。
___________________________________________________________________
(11)我希望你们过得愉快。
___________________________________________________________________
(12)欢迎各位踊跃参加。
___________________________________________________________________
4.实战演练
下周星期一全班同学将去参观历史博物馆(the History Museum),你是班长,请向全班同学作一个口头通知。
早上八点半载学校门口集合,步行前往。
带笔和笔记本。
参观时要认真听、仔细看,并记下有趣的东西。
不可在博物馆内大声喧哗及拍照。
下周星期二每位同学交一份有关参观的报告给班主任。
要求:字数:80词左右。
注意:通知的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
文章里不能出现真实的校名和人名。
Everybody, would you mind stopping doing your exercises Please listen to me quietly and carefully. I have something important to tell you.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ.家庭作业
假设你叫李磊,请你针对这封信的内容,给这位父亲写封回信,谈谈你的看法。可充分利用来信后面的提示用语,展开合理的联想。
要求:条理清楚,语意连贯,句式规范,字迹工整。词数80左右。
Dear editor,
I’m sorry to trouble you. I have a daughter. She is 14 year old. She likes making telephone calls. As soon as she gets back from school, she picks up the telephone and calls her classmates. She talks and talks, sometimes even for an hour. We can’t use it. I tell her no to do it, but she is unhappy. What should I do
A worried father
提示:
1. as a student, put one’s heart into…
2. make too much telephone calls, be bad for…
3. tell… to one’s teachers…
4. find out whom your daughter calls, ask their parents for …
5. buy a telephone for…, pay for it by…
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第七讲: 记叙文的写作
记叙文是以记叙人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。中考一般考察两类:一种是以人物为主,围绕人物来组织材料。可以以任务为中心叙述一件或几件事。二是以时间为中心,围绕事件组织材料,可以以事件为中心写一个人,也可以写几个人。近几年的中考书面表达中,记叙文是主流体裁。因此一定要加强这方面的练习。下面我们就分别看看怎样描述身边的人和事。
I. 写人
1. 写作指导
人物描写的方法有肖像描写、言语描写、行为描写、心理描写等。人物的肖像主要指人物的外貌,包括人物的容貌、服饰、姿态和神情等。肖像描写既可以写人物的静态,也可以写人物的动态。通常只是选取个人外表上最鲜明的部分进行特写,比如写眼睛。人物的语言要有个性,能表现人物的出身、教养、经历和性格,让人读了闻其声如见其人。人物的行动要符合生活的本质,符合人物性格发展的逻辑;可以选择具体的、富有特征的行动来显示人物的性格和心理活动。
心理描写就是要充分揭示出人物内心的喜、怒、哀、乐等。
2.满分作文
每个人都有自己喜欢的老师和同学,你们班将以 My Favorite Teacher/ Classmate 为题,举行英语主题班会,请你写一篇英语班会的发言稿。
注意:
从所给的两个题目中任选一个。
短文必须包括题目要求要点,使用表格中的词语,适当发挥。
词数:不少于60。
文中不能出现真实姓名及校名。
Person My Favorite Teacher My Favorite Classmate
Appearance tall/short tall/short, …
Personality patient, … friendly, …
Reason love teaching, give interesting lessons, talk with me, … hardworking, active in class, spend (time), …
(B)
My Favorite Teacher My Favorite Classmate
My Favorite Teacher
Miss Li is my Favorite teacher. She is neither tall nor short. She is not only patient but also helpful. Do you know why I love her so much I love her because she loves teaching and treats us as her friends. And her class is so lively and interesting that we can enjoy ourselves in her class. Although she is busy, she always finds time talking with us. We are proud of being her student.
My Favorite Classmate
I have a good classmate called Sally. She is good looking and short. She is a hardworking girl. She is never late for school. In class she always listens carefully. She is active in class and does her homework carefully after class.
She is good at English. So she spends a lot of time helping me with m y English. She is very friendly to others. Whenever you are in trouble, she always helps you. So everyone in our class likes her.
3. 必备(背)词句
外貌特征:矮的_______________ 胖的_________________
高的_______________ 瘦的_________________
漂亮的 _____________ 英俊的________________
健康________________ 强壮的 ______________
黑黑的眼睛 ____________ 大大的鼻子_________________
相貌好看的_______________面带灿烂的微笑___________________
她有一张圆圆的脸。
_________________________________________________________________
Amy不如Kate漂亮。
_________________________________________________________________
他总是戴一副眼镜。
__________________________________________________________________
他长得像他的父亲。
___________________________________________________________________
他总是面带微笑。
___________________________________________________________________
海伦是个漂亮的女孩,长着一双大眼睛。
___________________________________________________________________
性格特点:善良的_________________ 懒的________________
伶俐的__________________ 安静的_______________
淘气的__________________ 自信的________________
友好的__________________ 外向的_________________
耐心的__________________ 热心的__________________
勇敢的__________________ 现代的___________________
勤奋的___________________ 酷的______________________
礼貌的___________________ 城市的___________________
健谈的____________________ 豁达的_____________________
健忘的_____________________ 沉默的__________________
(1) She has a good sense of humor.
______________________________________________
(2) She cares about all our classmates.
______________________________________________
(3) He likes laughing at others.
______________________________________________
(4) My mother is a kind and gentle woman.
______________________________________________
出生年龄:十五岁的男孩 _____________ 十一岁的女孩___________________
在……几岁时______________ 出生于……____________________
在某人五十多岁时_____________________
(1) 我出生在冬天,生日是十一月十一日。
_____________________________________________________________________
(2) 我奶奶70多岁了,一头灰白的头发。
_____________________________________________________________________
表示心理:兴奋的__________________ 感兴趣的__________________
担心的___________________ 高兴的___________________
伤心的___________________ 害怕的____________________
喜悦的____________________ 生气的___________________
尴尬的___________________
实战演练:
你最好的朋友是谁呢?请写一篇80词左右的短文,描写有关他/她的情况。
提示:1. 他/她的外貌特征;
2. 要有典型的事例;
3.你对他/她的评价。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ叙事
1. 写作指导
叙事类记叙文主要由时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、原因(why)、经过(how)和结果(what)六大要素构成。
写叙事记叙文的注意事项:
结构要完整。事件的前因后果,来龙去脉要讲清楚;文章的标题和内容要一致;文章的结尾与开头要呼应。
人称要清楚。写记叙文可用“你、我、他”三种人称。叙事时应根据需要转换人称,但不能引起混乱,让读者分不清谁是谁。
线索要连贯。线索是把文章的全部材料串连成一个有机整体的纽带。时间、人物和事件都可以成为线索,但必须前后连贯,不能割裂开来。
构思要新颖。构思新颖就是文章的立意要新颖,组织材料和表达思想内容的手法要巧妙,与众不同。这样才能引起读者的兴趣,使读者爱不释手。
总之,写叙事记叙文总的要求是一要清楚,二要生动。能做到这两点,聚能写出一篇出色的叙事作文。
2.满分作文
根据中文大意和英文提示词语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给英文提示词语供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
汶川地震(Wenchuan Earthquake)发生后,9岁学生林浩(Lin Hao)救了两名同学,然后步行7个小时到达安全地点。
请你就林浩同学的事迹,以“Learn from the Hero”为题,给你校英语专刊投稿。内容包括林浩同学事迹简介,你对这件事的感受,以及你要向他学习什么。
提示词语:a student, nine years old, happen, save, walk, to safety, be deeply moved, brave, give up
Learn from the Hero
Lin Hao is a student. He is only nine years old. After Wenchuan Earthquake happened, he saved two of his classmates. Then he walked for seven hours to safety.
I was deeply moved by his story. I think he is a brave boy. He did his best when he faced great danger. I should learn from him. I will think of others first and help then as much as possible. I will never give up when I face any difficulties.
3.必备(背)词句
去野餐_______________ 聚会___________________
去野营_______________ 去钓鱼_________________
骑马_________________ 放风筝_________________
散步_________________ 购物___________________
急忙去……_______________ 照相___________________
出发_________________ 看病___________________
看比赛________________ 做家庭作业______________________
帮助某人做…… ___________________ 很明显_____________________
thanks to___________________ as a result______________________
luckily______________________ because /because of ________________
at last/in the end ________________ It is clear that…____________________
4. 实战演练
还记得发生在你身上最难忘的一次经历吗?某英文杂志正在以“An unforgettable experience”为题进行征文活动。请你写一篇短文,描述一次难忘的经历,并谈谈你的感想。注意:文中不得出现真实的校名和姓名;字数不少于60词。
参考词语:remember, help, wonderful, feel, think
An Unforgettable Experience
Everyone has some unforgettable experience.________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.家庭作业
无论是在校内还是校外,你一定有不少美好的经历。请你把其中有意义的一天描述出来。谈谈那天的天气怎样?发生了什么事?你有什么心情、感受或体会?
注意事项:1. 请从两个题目中任选一个;
2.请选用表格中的词汇;
3.词数不少于60;
4.文中不得出现真实的校名和姓名。
A good day at school A good day out of school
weather cloudy, sunny, cloudy, sunny,
activities have a…class, be interested in… like…, learn…, play… do…, help…, with… visit…, be interested in…, like… go to…, play…, do…, help …with…, work for…
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第八讲:说明文
说明文是用来说明事物,阐明事理的一种文体。说明文具有科学性和客观性两大特点。说明文的主要时态为现在时,涉及其它时态时要根据内容、情景作出准确选择。
Ⅰ. 写作指导
抓住事物的特征。说明文要有明确的目的性,文章内容应紧紧围绕事物、现象的规律性特征而展开,这样才能将事物的形状、性质、成因、功能和意义等交代清楚。
合理安排说明顺序。对不同的对象采用不同的说明顺序安排:
时间顺序:讲述事物的发展过程。按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。
空间顺序:说明事物外形或特征。空间顺序包括:远近、内外、高低、上下、前后、左右、整体、局部等。
逻辑顺序:说明一个事理。多按事理内在的逻辑关系来安排内容:从现象到本质、
从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从概括到具体、从特点到用途等。
选择恰当的说明方法。根据说明对象特性,合理选择说明方法。说明文常见方法有:
罗列法:适用于各类指导性的说明文。在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点,
之后常用first, second,…and finally加以罗列说明。
定义法:对具体事物概念进行说明。其基本要素是定义句,常见模式是:
被定义对象+is+所属类别+限制性定语。
举例法:通过具体例子表达主题。常用for example, for instance, another example
is…等关联词(组)。
比较法:对两个对象进行比较时使用。可以比较相同点,也可以比较不同点。比
较相同时,常用similarly, also, too, in the same case…;比较不同时,常
用however, but, on the other hand, in contrast…
使用准确周密的语言。对说明文的语言要求是:
准确,以保证其科学性;
简明扼要,避免夸张的辞藻;
客观表述,避免主观色彩。采用被动语态是客观表述事物的常用手法。
练习题:
请用罗列法说明Early rising(早期)的好处
Early rising is helpful in more than one ways.
First, ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Secondly, _______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Finally, _________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
给student/teacher下个定义
A student (teacher) is _________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 满分作文
根据以下有关Alan Brown个人情况的介绍,以Alan Brown为题,写一篇介绍他的短文。
要求:(1)运用第三人称;
(2)所给信息必须全部使用;
(3)语句通顺连贯;
(4)可以适当扩展;
(5)不少于60词。
Name: Alan Brown
Age: 16
Address: 69 Park Road, Sydney
Nationality(国籍): Australian
Occupation(职业): student
Favorite subjects: art, music
Weekday activities: swimming and walking
Usual Saturday activity: having parties
Usual Sunday activity: watching TV
Alan Brown
Alan Brown is a 16-year-old boy. He is an Australian high school student. He lives at 69 Park Road, Sydney. Art and music are his favorite subjects.
He loves studying and sports. He usually goes swimming three or four times every week. And he often walks after supper every day. Cool water and clean air always makes him happy. Australian students are different from our Chinese students. On Saturdays, he usually has parties with his friends and they always enjoy themselves. On Sunday, he usually stays at home and watches TV.
Ⅲ. 必备(背)词句
常用关联词总结(一):表先后顺序的关联词(组)
first of all / at first / firstly 首先
例句:______________________________________________________________.
首先,请认真阅读指令。
secondly / then / next 其次、然后、之后
例句:Secondly, he looked down on other people.
____________________________________________________________。
in the end / finally / eventually / at last终于、最终、最后
例句:______________________________________________________________.
他们终于让步了。
last but not least 最后但并非最不重要的
例句:Last but not least, we must thank our host for his hospitality.
最后但并非最不重要的一点是,我们得感谢主人的热情好客。
说明文常用表达句式
地点介绍
… in the (north) of … 在… 的北部
例句:___________________________________________________________.
北京位于中国的北部。
There be… 有...
例句:___________________________________________________________.
教室前有块大黑板。
lie / be located /be situated (in/on/at a place) 位于…
例句:___________________________________________________________.
广东位于中国南部。
The city is located on the eastern coast of the United States.
__________________________________________________________.
事物说明
sth is … meters long, …meters wide. 什么东西…长, …宽
例句:___________________________________________________________.
这座桥20米长,10米宽。
be made of… 由…做成
例句:___________________________________________________________.
这是由金属和塑料制成的。
表述方式、方法的说明文
be easy to do sth. 做…很容易
例句:__________________________________________________________:
First……, Next……, Then……, Finally……
如果你按下列步骤做橙汁,那会很容易:首先,… 接下来,… 然后,… 最
后…。
There is more than one way to do sth… 做… 的方法不止一个
例句:__________________________________________________________:.
使我们保持健康有很多方法。
Please do as the follows:
____________________________________________________________
… times a day (week, month…) 每天(周、月…)多少次
例句:___________________________________________________________.
每天服药三次。
事理说明
to play an important role in sth. 在…方面起着重要的作用
例句:___________________________________________________________.
学校在社会中起着重要的作用。
The reason is that (it can do sth.) … 理由是…
例句:___________________________________________________________.
理由是它能帮我们学习更多知识。
Ⅳ. 实战演练: 按要求填写所缺信息
根据下面的提示写一篇介绍长城的短文。
长城又叫万里长城,长约6000公里,宽4-5米,高6-7米;
很多人都会问在没有任何现代机械的情况下,人们是怎样建筑长城的;
今天长城已成为名胜古迹,许多人来长城游览;
词数:80词左右。
The Great Wall
The Great Wall of China is known to people all over the world. It is also called “The_______________________________ Great Wall” in Chinese. It is about __________________________. It took millions of men hundreds of years to build it. How did the Chinese people build it___________________________________
Today the Great Wal