PAGE
第 13 页 共 13 页
单元质量检测（二）
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
I was very excited on the first day of high school! I had P．E. for the first period. We hurriedly gathered in the locker room (衣帽间) when the headmaster began to speak, “Good morning, boys and girls! Welcome to the first day of the great new school year. We will begin with the pledge (誓言) of loyalty.”
I pulled my shirt over my head and my right hand immediately rested over my heart. A few tears came to my eyes as every time I pledged. I thought of my grandpa. He had died almost a year before, but I still missed him every day. Grandpa served in World WarⅡ and the flag had a very special meaning for him.
The next morning in the locker room, I noticed something strange. Some girls talked through the pledge. In the morning after that, even fewer did the pledge, including the teachers. By the second week of school, I was the only girl in the whole locker room that did the pledge.
The next morning, I hid in the bathroom to change clothes and pledge. There I couldn't see the flag and felt guilty to be hiding like that. I kept hiding for the next week and felt worse.
I spent a weekend gathering up my nerve. On Monday, I changed into my gym clothes right away and was standing by my locker when the headmaster began morning announcements. The pledge started and I put my hand over my heart.
A girl nearby locked her locker and asked, “Why are you doing that？” She looked confused.
“My grandpa fought in World War Ⅱ and he died last year，” I said. “I'm doing it for him.”
She felt embarrassed and looked away. “Oh，” she said.
Over the next few weeks, more girls questioned me about the pledge. I gave them all that same answer.
I never inspired other girls to do the pledge along with me. They made a choice; I made mine. I was doing it for Grandpa, but more than that, I was doing it for myself. Grandpa raised me to be proud of my country and that pride didn't stop.
1．How did other students behave during later pledge periods
A．They gradually quit the pledge.
B．They continued to show curiosity.
C．They did the pledge with sincerity.
D．They made fun of those who did the pledge.
2．How did I feel about hiding in the bathroom for the pledge
A．Happy. B．Excited.
C．Guilty. D．Nervous.
3．The author did the pledge every day because ________.
A．the flag had a special meaning for her
B．the headmaster required her to do so
C．all the teachers and students did that
D．it was a way to show love for her grandpa
4．What would be the best title for the passage
A．The first day at school
B．My grandpa
C．The secret in the locker room
D．The pledge of loyalty
B
A delightful looking robot called MEDi, or Medicine and Engineering Designing Intelligence, is being used to help make doctors' visits less painful.
The Alberta Children's Hospital in Canada purchased four of the MEDi robots earlier this year. The bionic (仿生学的) friends hang out with children in the waiting room and also accompany them during different procedures, according to RxRobots, the group that created MEDi. The MEDi's purpose is to help children cope with pain and reduce their stress. The robots have produced real results. According to a study done at the hospital, kids who interact with a MEDi robot reportedly experience 50 percent less pain during medical procedures than those who do not. “Parents told us that when they left the hospital, their children said almost nothing about the needle and told everyone about the robot，” Tanya Beran, founder and chief scientific officer at RxRobots, told CNBC of MEDi's success at the children's hospital.
The two foot tall robots can relieve patients' anxiety by telling stories or playing games with the kids. MEDi robots are also programmed to speak several different languages, and are equipped with facial recognition capabilities (能力). The robots can interact with the children during various types of procedures like blood tests. Not only do the robots comfort the children, but they also make the kids more willing to work with medical staff.
“Our research shows that when children interact with MEDi robots, they are more cooperative in the procedure，” Beran said. “This means that the procedure is completed more quickly, resulting in greater health care efficiency (效率)．” Beran said that MEDi robots are also a hit with parents. “Knowing that there is something out there that eases the stress, anxiety and sometimes traumatic (创伤的) experiences, is great，” Sheila Sousa, the mother of an 8 year old patient said.
5．MEDi robots are mainly used to ________.
A．help foreign patients communicate with doctors
B．assist doctors in completing medical procedures
C．take kids to the hospital if their parents are busy
D．make kids feel less pain during medical procedures
6．The underlined word “relieve” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．
A．cause B．reduce
C．increase D．remove
7．We can learn from the passage that MEDi ________.
A．is bad looking
B．is one foot tall
C．can recognize faces
D．can only speak English
8．Where does the passage probably come from
A．A travel guide.
B．A science magazine.
C．A book review.
D．A storybook.
C
Meet Stephanie Roman, Student Body President and senior at Skyline High School in Dallas, TX.
What drew you to public service and when did you first become involved in politics
I have always dedicated (奉献) time to serving others. I ran my first campaign at the age of 14. As a student at Skyline High School, I had the honor to serve as Class President in my freshman year and Student Body President in my junior and senior years. These leadership positions, along with my ambition, have opened many wonderful doors of opportunities.
What does a day in the life of a Student Body President look like
Serving as Student Body President comes with many responsibilities. I'm responsible for carrying out daily school wide announcements, attending school meetings, acting as a representative for the Dallas ISD Teen Board, and most importantly, planning and organizing activities for the school.
Tell us a little bit about the projects you've lead in your school
I have organized and taken part in several service projects, including drives to register (登记) seniors to vote (投票), Trunk or Treat, where we provide candy and costumes for kids whose parents cannot afford such things, and canned food drives benefiting the North Texas Food Bank. Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement (公民参与) and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities.
What are some of your political leadership highlights to date
As a student in the Advanced Social Sciences Magnet, I have had the opportunity to work closely with campaign organizers and government officials. Since my freshman year, I have taken part in block walk campaigns to collect petition (请愿) signatures for judges. Recently I just finished a major project in which I created a brochure (小册子) to educate the community around issues of homelessness and permanent housing.
What's next for you
This fall I'm attending the University of Texas, where I'll definitely explore a run for Student Body Government.
9．How has being student leaders benefited Stephanie Roman
A．It has brought her great honor.
B．It has helped her go to a key university.
C．It has opened her eyes to public service.
D．It has given her many chances to realize her dreams.
10．What does Stephanie Roman think of the projects she has organized
A．Meaningful and interesting.
B．Difficult and time wasting.
C．Challenging and fruitless.
D．Important and creative.
11．What was the aim of the brochure created by Stephanie Roman
A．To raise money.
B．To address problems.
C．To shape public opinion.
D．To support government officials.
D
For millions of years, animals have communicated in countless ways — from giving off chemical signals, to performing complex dances. Humans, on the other hand, have the ability to communicate using language. However, scientists don't agree on when human language first appeared. Even if it's unclear exactly when it began, human language has developed greatly in the past century, branching off into three different types: natural, artificial, and formal language.
Natural languages, also known as man made languages, are languages that humans have developed simply out of the need to communicate with each other. Natural languages are the languages people speak, read, write, and listen to every day, such as English, Hindi, and Russian. The vocabulary and rules of these languages have developed naturally, without the influence of an author or creator modeling or changing the languages. In short, natural languages “just happen”．
Artificial languages are also man made, but they are constructed, or made, by humans who already use a natural language to communicate. The vocabulary and grammar of artificial languages don't develop naturally but are constructed by an author or creator. There're a number of reasons for constructing an artificial language. In some cases, it may be a scientific experiment in language; in other cases, it may be the creation of an artist. An artificial language may also be constructed to make communication easier between people of different nationalities. Perhaps the best example of this is Esperanto, an artificial language created in 1887 by L．L. Zamenhof that was basically meant to simplify communication between Europeans.
Finally, formal languages are languages that communicate something, but they are not spoken languages like natural and artificial languages. However, like artificial languages, they are constructed. Formal languages are meant to be very precise (精确的) in what they communicate. An example of a common formal language is computer puter code has its own set of very strict rules and serves only to “speak” to a computer — people cannot use it to communicate with others.
12．What caused natural languages to develop
A．The creation of special writers.
B．People's hope to record things.
C．The influence of other languages.
D．People's need to speak to each other.
13．What do we know about artificial languages
A．They didn't appear until the 20th century.
B．They are not used in daily communication.
C．They have no vocabulary or grammar rules.
D．They are created for some specific purposes.
14．Why does the author mention Esperanto
A．To sing the praises of L．L. Zamenhof.
B．To give an example of an artificial language.
C．To suggest that it's still used by many Europeans.
D．To explain how communication can be simplified.
15．How are formal languages different from natural and artificial languages
A．People do not speak them.
B．People cannot understand them.
C．They are constructed by a creator.
D．They are only used in computer science.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why People Who Take Notes All the Time Are
More Likely to Be Successful
Note taking is an essential skill in many areas of work and study. But is note taking really useful in helping us to understand, remember, and retrieve (重新获得) essential points when we most need them __16__ Here are four reasons note takers are on the fast track to success：
__17__ The action of writing information down is a great way to get fully involved in the learning process. Note takers are much more actively involved because they are processing the information and getting the essential facts down.
They understand the importance of remembering the information. Students need to remember all relevant information when faced with an exam question. A speaker may not have their notes at hand but will still have a better chance of actually remembering the facts if they have spared the time to prepare notes.__18__ Howe in 1970 found that students who had taken notes were seven times more likely to remember facts a week later than those who had not.
They do not rely on getting others' notes. Lots of students love asking the lecturers for a copy of their notes and with PowerPoint and other software, this can be easily done.__19__ These students are not going to be very successful in school if they do this all the time.
They know that taking notes helps them achieve their goals. __20__ There are quite a few studies not showing that the actual process of taking notes helps people to boost (推进) their learning and also achieve their goals. Researchers at the Dominican University of California have discovered that writing down goals and sharing them are crucial (至关重要的) in helping people to achieve their aims.
A．Research backs this up.
B．They are actively learning.
C．This is no accident or coincidence.
D．They know how to prepare for note taking.
E．But the results for the students are not very good.
F．Naturally, it does depend a lot on the subject matter.
G．The answer is yes, although individual styles and methods may vary.
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout my years in elementary and high school, I am able to recall (回想) countless experiences which stand out in my mind as meaningful. The teachers had different methods of making their __21__ effective and easy to understand. However, in all of my memories, a single day in the fifth grade stands out as a(n) __22__ day that truly changed my life.
I can remember my first band lesson __23__. The excitement I felt as I opened my new saxophone case for the first time could not be put into words. I had never held a(n) __24__ before. It was all new to me. Yet, slowly, my band director began to __25__ me how to hold the instrument and the fingerings of basic notes. By the end of the lesson, I had learned to __26__ Mary Had a Little Lamb and Hot Cross Buns. At the time, I didn't __27__ what made that lesson so __28__. As a 10 year old child, I knew that I liked this __29__ toy. I also felt that I was a(n) __30__ player. After all, I had learned to play two songs on my __31__ day!
In retrospect (回顾过去), however I realize that there might be something more to this __32__ experience than just first time excitement. My teacher had developed a lesson that consisted of easily recognizable and __33__ parts. She began by introducing me to this new instrument, instructing me on basic __34__. This basic introduction was followed by a developmental period. With my teacher's __35__， I began to learn beginning notes and note values. Together, we worked to __36__ my skills.
The lesson was concluded by putting together all of the information that I had worked to develop. The random (胡乱的) __37__ that I made throughout the lesson became music as I __38__ my first songs. This gave the lesson a sense of closure, as well as a sense of accomplishment. This memorable __39__ experience was very __40__ to me in the fifth grade.
21．A.reports B．notes
C．experiences D．lessons
22．A.different B．exciting
C．normal D．heartbreaking
23．A.partly B．naturally
C．clearly D．immediately
24．A.present B．instrument
C．tool D．model
25．A.instruct B．ask
C．remind D．prove
26．A.sing B．read
C．play D．write
27．A.realize B．consider
C．remember D．imagine
28．A.mysterious B．difficult
C．stressful D．memorable
29．A.strange B．new
C．soft D．large
30．A.good B．slow
C．trained D．average
31．A.previous B．first
C．best D．last
32．A.awkward B．uncommon
C．positive D．terrible
33．A.hard B．unusual
C．hopeful D．meaningful
34．A.subjects B．facts
C．skills D．senses
35．A.praise B．work
C．comfort D．help
36．A.develop B．test
C．display D．change
37．A.mistakes B．decisions
C．plans D．sounds
38．A.reviewed B．performed
C．recorded D．heard
39．A.work B．research
C．learning D．teaching
40．A.basic B．necessary
C．familiar D．valuable
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams. Yet would it be 41.__________ (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China
In US high school, everything 42.__________ (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing 43.__________ (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to 44.__________we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to their 45.__________ (academy) performance to try to get into distinguished university. 46.__________,_they'll be disappointed after graduation from high school.
Like university students, the US high school students have the 47.__________ (free) to choose the courses that most interest 48.__________ (they). Even a 9th grader can sit 49.__________ the same classroom as 12th graders. But this also means he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years 50.__________ (young)．
Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
A lawyer won a case for her client. The two men celebrated with a nice dinner. At the end of meal, the client handed the lawyer a fine wallet making of Moroccan leather. When the lawyer opened the wallet, he saw two $500 bill in it. The lawyer was surprising. His fee was just $500. The lawyer took out one $500 bill before thinking for a while. Then he returned the wallet without the other $500 bill in it. The client couldn't believe in his eyes and asked why the lawyer didn't take all which he had given him. The lawyer said that he just wanted what he has earned.
Ⅵ.书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是李华，以下是你的同班交换生John写给你的电子邮件，请你根据信的内容给他写一封回信，告知他相关情况。
Dear Li Hua，
I fell ill these days and didn't go to school. But I feel quite well now and I think I can return to school next Monday. Did anything special happen in our class and should I prepare anything
Yours，
John
内容包括：
1．大家都很关心John，希望他早日恢复健康；
2．周一上午有英语演讲比赛，大家都希望他能参加；
3．下午排练莎士比亚的戏剧Romeo and Juliet, John被推选演Romeo。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：排练rehearse
PAGE
第 13 页 共 13 页
单元质量检测（二）
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
I was very excited on the first day of high school! I had P．E. for the first period. We hurriedly gathered in the locker room (衣帽间) when the headmaster began to speak, “Good morning, boys and girls! Welcome to the first day of the great new school year. We will begin with the pledge (誓言) of loyalty.”
I pulled my shirt over my head and my right hand immediately rested over my heart. A few tears came to my eyes as every time I pledged. I thought of my grandpa. He had died almost a year before, but I still missed him every day. Grandpa served in World WarⅡ and the flag had a very special meaning for him.
The next morning in the locker room, I noticed something strange. Some girls talked through the pledge. In the morning after that, even fewer did the pledge, including the teachers. By the second week of school, I was the only girl in the whole locker room that did the pledge.
The next morning, I hid in the bathroom to change clothes and pledge. There I couldn't see the flag and felt guilty to be hiding like that. I kept hiding for the next week and felt worse.
I spent a weekend gathering up my nerve. On Monday, I changed into my gym clothes right away and was standing by my locker when the headmaster began morning announcements. The pledge started and I put my hand over my heart.
A girl nearby locked her locker and asked, “Why are you doing that？” She looked confused.
“My grandpa fought in World War Ⅱ and he died last year，” I said. “I'm doing it for him.”
She felt embarrassed and looked away. “Oh，” she said.
Over the next few weeks, more girls questioned me about the pledge. I gave them all that same answer.
I never inspired other girls to do the pledge along with me. They made a choice; I made mine. I was doing it for Grandpa, but more than that, I was doing it for myself. Grandpa raised me to be proud of my country and that pride didn't stop.
语篇解读：这篇文章主要是围绕在学校进行忠诚宣誓这一事情展开的。作者对这件事非常虔诚，因为这表达了她对已过世的祖父的思念，而周围其他学生却很不理解，让作者为此苦恼。通过解释，作者也对宣誓有了更正确的理解。
1．How did other students behave during later pledge periods
A．They gradually quit the pledge.
B．They continued to show curiosity.
C．They did the pledge with sincerity.
D．They made fun of those who did the pledge.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，其他学生逐渐不再进行宣誓。故选A项。
2．How did I feel about hiding in the bathroom for the pledge
A．Happy. B．Excited.
C．Guilty. D．Nervous.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段的“There I couldn't see the flag and felt guilty to be hiding like that.”可知，作者对自己躲起来进行宣誓有种罪恶感。因此选C项。
3．The author did the pledge every day because ________.
A．the flag had a special meaning for her
B．the headmaster required her to do so
C．all the teachers and students did that
D．it was a way to show love for her grandpa
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第七段中作者回答其他同学的疑问时提到“‘My grandpa fought in World War Ⅱ and he died last year.’ I said. ‘I'm doing it for him.’”可知，她进行宣誓是纪念自己过世的祖父。因此选D项。
4．What would be the best title for the passage
A．The first day at school
B．My grandpa
C．The secret in the locker room
D．The pledge of loyalty
解析：选D 标题归纳题。文章主要是围绕在学校行忠诚宣誓这一事情展开的。文章第一段的最后一句“We will begin with the pledge (誓言) of loyalty”也可作为提示。因此选D项。
B
A delightful looking robot called MEDi, or Medicine and Engineering Designing Intelligence, is being used to help make doctors' visits less painful.
The Alberta Children's Hospital in Canada purchased four of the MEDi robots earlier this year. The bionic (仿生学的) friends hang out with children in the waiting room and also accompany them during different procedures, according to RxRobots, the group that created MEDi. The MEDi's purpose is to help children cope with pain and reduce their stress. The robots have produced real results. According to a study done at the hospital, kids who interact with a MEDi robot reportedly experience 50 percent less pain during medical procedures than those who do not. “Parents told us that when they left the hospital, their children said almost nothing about the needle and told everyone about the robot，” Tanya Beran, founder and chief scientific officer at RxRobots, told CNBC of MEDi's success at the children's hospital.
The two foot tall robots can relieve patients' anxiety by telling stories or playing games with the kids. MEDi robots are also programmed to speak several different languages, and are equipped with facial recognition capabilities (能力). The robots can interact with the children during various types of procedures like blood tests. Not only do the robots comfort the children, but they also make the kids more willing to work with medical staff.
“Our research shows that when children interact with MEDi robots, they are more cooperative in the procedure，” Beran said. “This means that the procedure is completed more quickly, resulting in greater health care efficiency (效率)．” Beran said that MEDi robots are also a hit with parents. “Knowing that there is something out there that eases the stress, anxiety and sometimes traumatic (创伤的) experiences, is great，” Sheila Sousa, the mother of an 8 year old patient said.
语篇解读：这篇文章主要介绍了医院使用的名叫MEDi的机器人，它能够减轻孩子在看病时的痛苦，缩短检查的时间。
5．MEDi robots are mainly used to ________.
A．help foreign patients communicate with doctors
B．assist doctors in completing medical procedures
C．take kids to the hospital if their parents are busy
D．make kids feel less pain during medical procedures
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“help make doctors' visits less painful”和第二段的“The MEDi's purpose is to help children cope with pain and reduce their stress.”可知，机器人主要用来减轻孩子在看病时的痛苦。因此选D。
6．The underlined word “relieve” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．
A．cause B．reduce
C．increase D．remove
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第二段“The MEDi's purpose is to help children cope with pain and reduce their stress.”可以猜测出，这里的relieve与reduce同义，表示“减少”。因此选B项。
7．We can learn from the passage that MEDi ________.
A．is bad looking
B．is one foot tall
C．can recognize faces
D．can only speak English
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“... and are equipped with facial recognition capabilities (能力)．”可知，机器人有识别人脸的能力。因此选C项。
8．Where does the passage probably come from
A．A travel guide.
B．A science magazine.
C．A book review.
D．A storybook.
解析：选B 文章出处题。文章主要介绍了医院使用的名叫MEDi的机器人，很可能选自科学杂志。因此选B项。
C
Meet Stephanie Roman, Student Body President and senior at Skyline High School in Dallas, TX.
What drew you to public service and when did you first become involved in politics
I have always dedicated (奉献) time to serving others. I ran my first campaign at the age of 14. As a student at Skyline High School, I had the honor to serve as Class President in my freshman year and Student Body President in my junior and senior years. These leadership positions, along with my ambition, have opened many wonderful doors of opportunities.
What does a day in the life of a Student Body President look like
Serving as Student Body President comes with many responsibilities. I'm responsible for carrying out daily school wide announcements, attending school meetings, acting as a representative for the Dallas ISD Teen Board, and most importantly, planning and organizing activities for the school.
Tell us a little bit about the projects you've lead in your school
I have organized and taken part in several service projects, including drives to register (登记) seniors to vote (投票), Trunk or Treat, where we provide candy and costumes for kids whose parents cannot afford such things, and canned food drives benefiting the North Texas Food Bank. Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement (公民参与) and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities.
What are some of your political leadership highlights to date
As a student in the Advanced Social Sciences Magnet, I have had the opportunity to work closely with campaign organizers and government officials. Since my freshman year, I have taken part in block walk campaigns to collect petition (请愿) signatures for judges. Recently I just finished a major project in which I created a brochure (小册子) to educate the community around issues of homelessness and permanent housing.
What's next for you
This fall I'm attending the University of Texas, where I'll definitely explore a run for Student Body Government.
语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章是对Skyline高中学生会主席Stephanie Roman的采访。
9．How has being student leaders benefited Stephanie Roman
A．It has brought her great honor.
B．It has helped her go to a key university.
C．It has opened her eyes to public service.
D．It has given her many chances to realize her dreams.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“These leadership positions, along with my ambition, have opened many wonderful doors of opportunities”可知，这些职务为Stephanie Roman提供了很多机会。
10．What does Stephanie Roman think of the projects she has organized
A．Meaningful and interesting.
B．Difficult and time wasting.
C．Challenging and fruitless.
D．Important and creative.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement (公民参与) and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities”可知，通过这些活动，学生可以认识到公民参与的重要性，并且对改善社区的活动也乐在其中，Stephanie Roman应该会认为这样的活动很有意义，也很有趣。
11．What was the aim of the brochure created by Stephanie Roman
A．To raise money.
B．To address problems.
C．To shape public opinion.
D．To support government officials.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“created a brochure (小册子) to educate the community around issues of homelessness and permanent housing”可知，Stephanie Roman做了小册子是为了教育周边社区的人们关于无家可归和永久住房的问题。
D
For millions of years, animals have communicated in countless ways — from giving off chemical signals, to performing complex dances. Humans, on the other hand, have the ability to communicate using language. However, scientists don't agree on when human language first appeared. Even if it's unclear exactly when it began, human language has developed greatly in the past century, branching off into three different types: natural, artificial, and formal language.
Natural languages, also known as man made languages, are languages that humans have developed simply out of the need to communicate with each other. Natural languages are the languages people speak, read, write, and listen to every day, such as English, Hindi, and Russian. The vocabulary and rules of these languages have developed naturally, without the influence of an author or creator modeling or changing the languages. In short, natural languages “just happen”．
Artificial languages are also man made, but they are constructed, or made, by humans who already use a natural language to communicate. The vocabulary and grammar of artificial languages don't develop naturally but are constructed by an author or creator. There're a number of reasons for constructing an artificial language. In some cases, it may be a scientific experiment in language; in other cases, it may be the creation of an artist. An artificial language may also be constructed to make communication easier between people of different nationalities. Perhaps the best example of this is Esperanto, an artificial language created in 1887 by L．L. Zamenhof that was basically meant to simplify communication between Europeans.
Finally, formal languages are languages that communicate something, but they are not spoken languages like natural and artificial languages. However, like artificial languages, they are constructed. Formal languages are meant to be very precise (精确的) in what they communicate. An example of a common formal language is computer puter code has its own set of very strict rules and serves only to “speak” to a computer — people cannot use it to communicate with others.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了三种人类语言：自然语言、人工语言和形式语言。
12．What caused natural languages to develop
A．The creation of special writers.
B．People's hope to record things.
C．The influence of other languages.
D．People's need to speak to each other.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“... languages that humans have developed simply out of the need to communicate with each other”可知，自然语言是出于人们交流的需求发展而来的。
13．What do we know about artificial languages
A．They didn't appear until the 20th century.
B．They are not used in daily communication.
C．They have no vocabulary or grammar rules.
D．They are created for some specific purposes.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“There're a number of reasons for constructing an artificial language”可知，人工语言是人类为了各种目的而人为制造出的语言。
14．Why does the author mention Esperanto
A．To sing the praises of L．L. Zamenhof.
B．To give an example of an artificial language.
C．To suggest that it's still used by many Europeans.
D．To explain how communication can be simplified.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由第三段中的“An artificial language may also be constructed to make communication easier between people of different nationalities. Perhaps the best example of this is Esperanto”可知，作者提到世界语是通过举例子解释人工语言。
15．How are formal languages different from natural and artificial languages
A．People do not speak them.
B．People cannot understand them.
C．They are constructed by a creator.
D．They are only used in computer science.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“but they are not spoken languages like natural and artificial languages”和“people cannot use it to communicate with others”可知，人们不能用形式语言来与他人进行口头交流。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why People Who Take Notes All the Time Are
More Likely to Be Successful
Note taking is an essential skill in many areas of work and study. But is note taking really useful in helping us to understand, remember, and retrieve (重新获得) essential points when we most need them __16__ Here are four reasons note takers are on the fast track to success：
__17__ The action of writing information down is a great way to get fully involved in the learning process. Note takers are much more actively involved because they are processing the information and getting the essential facts down.
They understand the importance of remembering the information. Students need to remember all relevant information when faced with an exam question. A speaker may not have their notes at hand but will still have a better chance of actually remembering the facts if they have spared the time to prepare notes.__18__ Howe in 1970 found that students who had taken notes were seven times more likely to remember facts a week later than those who had not.
They do not rely on getting others' notes. Lots of students love asking the lecturers for a copy of their notes and with PowerPoint and other software, this can be easily done.__19__ These students are not going to be very successful in school if they do this all the time.
They know that taking notes helps them achieve their goals. __20__ There are quite a few studies not showing that the actual process of taking notes helps people to boost (推进) their learning and also achieve their goals. Researchers at the Dominican University of California have discovered that writing down goals and sharing them are crucial (至关重要的) in helping people to achieve their aims.
A．Research backs this up.
B．They are actively learning.
C．This is no accident or coincidence.
D．They know how to prepare for note taking.
E．But the results for the students are not very good.
F．Naturally, it does depend a lot on the subject matter.
G．The answer is yes, although individual styles and methods may vary.
答案：16～20 GBAEC
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout my years in elementary and high school, I am able to recall (回想) countless experiences which stand out in my mind as meaningful. The teachers had different methods of making their __21__ effective and easy to understand. However, in all of my memories, a single day in the fifth grade stands out as a(n) __22__ day that truly changed my life.
I can remember my first band lesson __23__. The excitement I felt as I opened my new saxophone case for the first time could not be put into words. I had never held a(n) __24__ before. It was all new to me. Yet, slowly, my band director began to __25__ me how to hold the instrument and the fingerings of basic notes. By the end of the lesson, I had learned to __26__ Mary Had a Little Lamb and Hot Cross Buns. At the time, I didn't __27__ what made that lesson so __28__. As a 10 year old child, I knew that I liked this __29__ toy. I also felt that I was a(n) __30__ player. After all, I had learned to play two songs on my __31__ day!
In retrospect (回顾过去), however I realize that there might be something more to this __32__ experience than just first time excitement. My teacher had developed a lesson that consisted of easily recognizable and __33__ parts. She began by introducing me to this new instrument, instructing me on basic __34__. This basic introduction was followed by a developmental period. With my teacher's __35__， I began to learn beginning notes and note values. Together, we worked to __36__ my skills.
The lesson was concluded by putting together all of the information that I had worked to develop. The random (胡乱的) __37__ that I made throughout the lesson became music as I __38__ my first songs. This gave the lesson a sense of closure, as well as a sense of accomplishment. This memorable __39__ experience was very __40__ to me in the fifth grade.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者对自己五年级第一天学习萨克斯的经历记忆犹新，倍感珍贵。
21．A.reports B．notes
C．experiences D．lessons
解析：选D 由上文中的“The teachers”和下文中的“band lesson”可知，老师们有很多不同的方法让自己的“课(lessons)”易于被学生理解。
22．A.different B．exciting
C．normal D．heartbreaking
解析：选B 由第二段中的“The excitement I felt”可知，那是非常“令人兴奋的(exciting)”一天。
23．A.partly B．naturally
C．clearly D．immediately
解析：选C 由文中对第一堂萨克斯课的详细描述可知，“我”能“清楚地(clearly)”记得第一堂乐队课。
24．A.present B．instrument
C．tool D．model
解析：选B 由上文中的“saxophone”可知，“我”从未学过一件“乐器(instrument)”。
25．A.instruct B．ask
C．remind D．prove
解析：选A 由该空后的“how to hold the instrument and the fingerings of basic notes”可知，“我”的乐队指导老师开始“教(instruct)”“我”持乐器的姿势和一些基本音符的指法。
26．A.sing B．read
C．play D．write
解析：选C 由下文中的“I had learned to play two songs”可知，在第一堂课结束时，“我”已经学会“弹奏(play)”两首歌曲。
27．A.realize B．consider
C．remember D．imagine
解析：选A 由该句后的描述可知，“我”当时没有“意识到(realize)”为什么那堂课如此“难忘(memorable)”。
28．A.mysterious B．difficult
C．stressful D．memorable
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
29．A.strange B．new
C．soft D．large
解析：选B 由上文中的“I opened my new saxophone case”可知，作为一个十岁的孩子，“我”知道“我”喜欢这个“新(new)”玩具。
30．A.good B．slow
C．trained D．average
解析：选A 由下文中的“After all, I had learned to play two songs on my ... day”可知，“我”还觉得自己是一个“有天赋的(good)”萨克斯演奏者。
31．A.previous B．first
C．best D．last
解析：选B 由上文中的“for the first time”以及文中的描述可知，“我”在“第一(first)”天就学会演奏两首曲子。
32．A.awkward B．uncommon
C．positive D．terrible
解析：选C 由文中作者对自己学习萨克斯的第一堂课的回忆可知，“我”意识到这次“美好的(positive)”经历除了带给“我”第一次的兴奋之外，还有很多其他的东西。
33．A.hard B．unusual
C．hopeful D．meaningful
解析：选D 由下文的描述可知，这堂课有很多“有意义的(meaningful)”内容。
34．A.subjects B．facts
C．skills D．senses
解析：选C 由下文中的“Together, we worked to ________ my skills”可知，老师教“我”一些基本的“技能(skills)”。
35．A.praise B．work
C．comfort D．help
解析：选D 由上文中的“introducing me to this new instrument, instructing me on ...”可知，在老师的“帮助(help)”下，“我”开始学习音符和音符值。
36．A.develop B．test
C．display D．change
解析：选A 由文中的描述可知，此处指老师帮“我”“提高(develop)”技能。
37．A.mistakes B．decisions
C．plans D．sounds
解析：选D 由文中的“I made throughout the lesson became music”可知，“我”在整堂课发出的随意的“声音(sounds)”成为了“我”“演奏(performed)”的第一首歌。
38．A.reviewed B．performed
C．recorded D．heard
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
39．A.work B．research
C．learning D．teaching
解析：选C 由上文中的“stand out in my mind as meaningful”以及文中作者对学习萨克斯的第一堂课的描述可知，这次难忘的“学习(learning)”经历对于“我”来说非常“宝贵(valuable)”。
40．A.basic B．necessary
C．familiar D．valuable
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams. Yet would it be 41.surprising (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China
In US high school, everything 42.is_recorded (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing 43.to_turn (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to 44.what we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to their 45.academic (academy) performance to try to get into distinguished university. 46.Otherwise,_they'll be disappointed after graduation from high school.
Like university students, the US high school students have the 47.freedom (free) to choose the courses that most interest 48.them (they). Even a 9th grader can sit 49.in the same classroom as 12th graders. But this also means he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years 50.younger (young)．
Ⅴ.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
A lawyer won a case for her client. The two men celebrated with a nice dinner. At the end of meal, the client handed the lawyer a fine wallet making of Moroccan leather. When the lawyer opened the wallet, he saw two $500 bill in it. The lawyer was surprising. His fee was just $500. The lawyer took out one $500 bill before thinking for a while. Then he returned the wallet without the other $500 bill in it. The client couldn't believe in his eyes and asked why the lawyer didn't take all which he had given him. The lawyer said that he just wanted what he has earned.
答案：第一句：her→his
第三句：meal前加the; making→made
第四句：bill→bills
第五句：surprising→surprised
第七句：before→after
第八句：without→with
第九句：去掉in; which→that
第十句：has→had
Ⅵ.书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是李华，以下是你的同班交换生John写给你的电子邮件，请你根据信的内容给他写一封回信，告知他相关情况。
Dear Li Hua，
I fell ill these days and didn't go to school. But I feel quite well now and I think I can return to school next Monday. Did anything special happen in our class and should I prepare anything
Yours，
John
内容包括：
1．大家都很关心John，希望他早日恢复健康；
2．周一上午有英语演讲比赛，大家都希望他能参加；
3．下午排练莎士比亚的戏剧Romeo and Juliet, John被推选演Romeo。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：排练rehearse
参考范文：
Dear John，
I am terribly sorry to hear that you were ill. All the teachers and classmates are quite concerned about you and hope you will recover soon. There is nothing to worry about and we will gladly help you if you need any help. But on Monday morning we are going to hold an English speech contest and we expect you to participate in it. In the afternoon we are going to rehearse Romeo and Juliet written by Shakespeare. What's more, you have been chosen to play Romeo. Are you glad to hear that I know you will enjoy it because you have always been fond of performing plays.
We are all waiting for your return!
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
