【大二轮——领航夺分】2014名师整理“强力推荐”高考专题复习课件（直击考点+把脉高考+突破难点）：阅读理解 第8讲 “不明身份”的代词指代题（湖北专版，含2013调研、真题，24张PPT）
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| 名称 | 【大二轮——领航夺分】2014名师整理“强力推荐”高考专题复习课件（直击考点+把脉高考+突破难点）：阅读理解 第8讲 “不明身份”的代词指代题（湖北专版，含2013调研、真题，24张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-02-14 17:24:28 | ||
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课件24张PPT。第八讲 “不明身份”的代词指代题
代词指代题要求考生依据一定的上下文推测代词指代的意义。尤其在人物及事物关系比较复杂的情况下确定代词的指代内容时，更要理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系。(2013·四川卷)
On a sunny day last August，Tim heard some shouting.Looking out to the sea carefully，he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.
Two 12-year-old boys，Christian and Jack，rowed out a boat to search for a football.Once they’d rowed beyond the calm waters，a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.
“Everything went quiet in my head，” Tim recalls(回忆)．“I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”
Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water.Every 500 yards or so，he raised his head to judge his progress.“At one point，I considered turning back，” he says.“I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.”After 30 minutes of struggling，he was close enough to yell to the boys，“Take down the umbrella！”
Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella.Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat.He took over rowing，but the waves were almost too strong for him.
“Let’s aim for the pier (码头)，”Jack said.Tim turned the boat toward it.Soon afterward，waves crashed over the boat，and it began to sink.“Can you guys swim？” he cried.“A little bit，” the boys said.
Once they were in the water，Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier.Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs.Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys’ faces.
“Are we almost there？”they asked again and again. “Yes，” Tim told them each time.
After 30 minutes，they reached the pier.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。全文记叙了Tim成功地从海中解救了两个12岁男孩的故事。1．Why did the two boys go to the sea?
A．To go boat rowing.
B．To get back their football.
C．To swim in the open water.
D．To test the umbrella as a sail.
解析： 细节理解题。由第二段的Two 12-year-old boys...search for a football.可知B项正确。
答案： B2．What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The beach. B．The water.
C．The boat. D．The wind.
解析： 词义猜测题。文中第二段后三句意为：他们一把船划出静水区，绑在船上的沙滩伞就遇到了风，然后把船拖进了开阔的水域。这两个男孩慌了，尽力想划回海岸。但是他们不是大风的对手，船失去了控制。此处的it指的是the wind。本题易误选B和C，但water和boat都是在wind的作用下才产生力量，所以与两个男孩对抗的是the wind。
答案： D
3．Why did Tim raise his head regularly?
A．To take in enough fresh air.
B．To consider turning back or not.
C．To check his distance from the boys.
D．To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.
解析： 细节理解题。由第四段I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.“我在尽力弄清楚如何以最近的路线游到男孩们那里”可知，此处Tim抬头是为了确认他与孩子们之间的距离。A项“吸入足够的新鲜空气”文章未提及，B项“考虑是否要返回去”，由下文可知只是作者一时的想法，而不是每次抬头都会考虑，D项“要求男孩们把伞放下来”是他游到男孩附近才说的，故均排除。
答案： C4．How did the two boys finally reach the pier?
A．They were dragged to the pier by Tim.
B．They swam to the pier all by themselves.
C．They were washed to the pier by the waves.
D．They were carried to the pier by Tim on his back.
解析： 细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的．..Tim decided...to pull the boys toward the pier.可知男孩们是被Tim拖到码头边的。所以A项符合题意。
答案： A做这类题考生首先要返回原文，找出此代词；其次，通过上下文语境，找出该代词指代的名词、名词性词组或句子；再其次，将找到的词、词组或句子代入，替换该代词，看意思是否通顺；最后，将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项相比较，找出意思最接近的选项。
例如真题示例第2题，此题考查代词指代题，文中第二段后三句意为：他们一把船划出静水区，绑在船上的沙滩伞就遇到了风，然后把船拖进了开阔的水域。这两个男孩慌了，尽力想划回海岸。但是他们不是大风的对手，船失去了控制。此处的it指的是the wind。(2013·厦门市高三质量检查)
FDA proposed the most sweeping food safety rules in decades，requiring farmers and food companies to be more cautious in the wake of deadly outbreaks in peanuts，cantaloupes (甜瓜)，and leafy greens.The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodborne illness.Just since last summer，outbreaks of Listeria (李氏杆菌)in cheese and Salmonella (沙门氏菌) in peanut butter，cantaloupes and mangoes have been linked to more than 400 illnesses and as many as seven deaths，according to the Centers for Disease Control.The actual number of those sickened is likely much higher.
The FDA’s proposed rules would require farmers to take new precautions against contamination (污染)，to include making sure workers’ hands are washed，that irrigation (灌溉) water is clean，and that animals stay out of fields.Food manufacturers will have to submit food safety plans to the government to show they are keeping their operations clean.
Many responsible food companies and farmers are already following the steps that the FDA would now require them to take.But officials say the requirements could have saved lives and prevented illnesses in some of the large-scale outbreaks that have hit the country in recent years.
In a 2011 outbreak of Listeria in cantaloupes that claimed 33 lives，for example，FDA inspectors found pools of dirty water on the floor and old, dirty processing equipment at the Colorado farm where the cantaloupes were grown.In a peanut butter outbreak this year linked to 42 Salmonella illnesses，inspectors found samples of Salmonella throughout a New Mexico peanut processing plant and multiple obvious safety problems，such as birds flying over uncovered trucks of peanuts and employees not washing their hands.Under the new rules，companies would have to lay out plans for preventing those sorts of problems and how they would correct them.
“The rules go very directly to preventing the types of outbreaks we have seen，” said Michael Taylor，FDA’s deputy commissioner for foods.
语篇解读 食品和药物管理局(FDA)提议在未来几十年内要严格执行有关食品安全的规定，谨防食源性疾病的暴发。1．The main task of FDA is probably________.
A．to protect and promote the public health
B．to help those sickened recover
C．to research on food safety measures
D．to deal with water pollution
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodborne illness.”可知，FDA的主要任务可能是保护和提升公众的健康，故选A项。
答案： A2．According to the passage，the new rules focus on ________.
A．inspecting the whole process of food production
B．improving food processing equipment on farms
C．preventing water pollution in food production
D．urging food companies to lay out plans
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，新规定要求农民和制造商确保食品生产的每一个环节安全无污染，故A项“新规定聚焦于监测食品安全的过程”正确。
答案： A
3．What does the word “ they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Inspectors. B．Farmers.
C．Manufacturers. D．Workers.
解析： 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的内容可推知，they指代该句话的主语Food manufacturers。
答案： C4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A． The new regulations should have come into practice earlier.
B．The 2011 outbreak of Listeria is the most serious ever.
C．Farmers and food companies are strongly against the new rules.
D．Colorado and New Mexico are worst hit by food pollution.
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句中的“The long-overdue regulations”可知，这些规章制度本应早一些投入实施。
答案： A
代词指代题要求考生依据一定的上下文推测代词指代的意义。尤其在人物及事物关系比较复杂的情况下确定代词的指代内容时，更要理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系。(2013·四川卷)
On a sunny day last August，Tim heard some shouting.Looking out to the sea carefully，he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea.
Two 12-year-old boys，Christian and Jack，rowed out a boat to search for a football.Once they’d rowed beyond the calm waters，a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.
“Everything went quiet in my head，” Tim recalls(回忆)．“I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”
Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water.Every 500 yards or so，he raised his head to judge his progress.“At one point，I considered turning back，” he says.“I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.”After 30 minutes of struggling，he was close enough to yell to the boys，“Take down the umbrella！”
Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella.Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat.He took over rowing，but the waves were almost too strong for him.
“Let’s aim for the pier (码头)，”Jack said.Tim turned the boat toward it.Soon afterward，waves crashed over the boat，and it began to sink.“Can you guys swim？” he cried.“A little bit，” the boys said.
Once they were in the water，Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier.Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs.Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys’ faces.
“Are we almost there？”they asked again and again. “Yes，” Tim told them each time.
After 30 minutes，they reached the pier.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。全文记叙了Tim成功地从海中解救了两个12岁男孩的故事。1．Why did the two boys go to the sea?
A．To go boat rowing.
B．To get back their football.
C．To swim in the open water.
D．To test the umbrella as a sail.
解析： 细节理解题。由第二段的Two 12-year-old boys...search for a football.可知B项正确。
答案： B2．What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The beach. B．The water.
C．The boat. D．The wind.
解析： 词义猜测题。文中第二段后三句意为：他们一把船划出静水区，绑在船上的沙滩伞就遇到了风，然后把船拖进了开阔的水域。这两个男孩慌了，尽力想划回海岸。但是他们不是大风的对手，船失去了控制。此处的it指的是the wind。本题易误选B和C，但water和boat都是在wind的作用下才产生力量，所以与两个男孩对抗的是the wind。
答案： D
3．Why did Tim raise his head regularly?
A．To take in enough fresh air.
B．To consider turning back or not.
C．To check his distance from the boys.
D．To ask the boys to take down the umbrella.
解析： 细节理解题。由第四段I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.“我在尽力弄清楚如何以最近的路线游到男孩们那里”可知，此处Tim抬头是为了确认他与孩子们之间的距离。A项“吸入足够的新鲜空气”文章未提及，B项“考虑是否要返回去”，由下文可知只是作者一时的想法，而不是每次抬头都会考虑，D项“要求男孩们把伞放下来”是他游到男孩附近才说的，故均排除。
答案： C4．How did the two boys finally reach the pier?
A．They were dragged to the pier by Tim.
B．They swam to the pier all by themselves.
C．They were washed to the pier by the waves.
D．They were carried to the pier by Tim on his back.
解析： 细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的．..Tim decided...to pull the boys toward the pier.可知男孩们是被Tim拖到码头边的。所以A项符合题意。
答案： A做这类题考生首先要返回原文，找出此代词；其次，通过上下文语境，找出该代词指代的名词、名词性词组或句子；再其次，将找到的词、词组或句子代入，替换该代词，看意思是否通顺；最后，将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项相比较，找出意思最接近的选项。
例如真题示例第2题，此题考查代词指代题，文中第二段后三句意为：他们一把船划出静水区，绑在船上的沙滩伞就遇到了风，然后把船拖进了开阔的水域。这两个男孩慌了，尽力想划回海岸。但是他们不是大风的对手，船失去了控制。此处的it指的是the wind。(2013·厦门市高三质量检查)
FDA proposed the most sweeping food safety rules in decades，requiring farmers and food companies to be more cautious in the wake of deadly outbreaks in peanuts，cantaloupes (甜瓜)，and leafy greens.The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodborne illness.Just since last summer，outbreaks of Listeria (李氏杆菌)in cheese and Salmonella (沙门氏菌) in peanut butter，cantaloupes and mangoes have been linked to more than 400 illnesses and as many as seven deaths，according to the Centers for Disease Control.The actual number of those sickened is likely much higher.
The FDA’s proposed rules would require farmers to take new precautions against contamination (污染)，to include making sure workers’ hands are washed，that irrigation (灌溉) water is clean，and that animals stay out of fields.Food manufacturers will have to submit food safety plans to the government to show they are keeping their operations clean.
Many responsible food companies and farmers are already following the steps that the FDA would now require them to take.But officials say the requirements could have saved lives and prevented illnesses in some of the large-scale outbreaks that have hit the country in recent years.
In a 2011 outbreak of Listeria in cantaloupes that claimed 33 lives，for example，FDA inspectors found pools of dirty water on the floor and old, dirty processing equipment at the Colorado farm where the cantaloupes were grown.In a peanut butter outbreak this year linked to 42 Salmonella illnesses，inspectors found samples of Salmonella throughout a New Mexico peanut processing plant and multiple obvious safety problems，such as birds flying over uncovered trucks of peanuts and employees not washing their hands.Under the new rules，companies would have to lay out plans for preventing those sorts of problems and how they would correct them.
“The rules go very directly to preventing the types of outbreaks we have seen，” said Michael Taylor，FDA’s deputy commissioner for foods.
语篇解读 食品和药物管理局(FDA)提议在未来几十年内要严格执行有关食品安全的规定，谨防食源性疾病的暴发。1．The main task of FDA is probably________.
A．to protect and promote the public health
B．to help those sickened recover
C．to research on food safety measures
D．to deal with water pollution
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodborne illness.”可知，FDA的主要任务可能是保护和提升公众的健康，故选A项。
答案： A2．According to the passage，the new rules focus on ________.
A．inspecting the whole process of food production
B．improving food processing equipment on farms
C．preventing water pollution in food production
D．urging food companies to lay out plans
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，新规定要求农民和制造商确保食品生产的每一个环节安全无污染，故A项“新规定聚焦于监测食品安全的过程”正确。
答案： A
3．What does the word “ they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Inspectors. B．Farmers.
C．Manufacturers. D．Workers.
解析： 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的内容可推知，they指代该句话的主语Food manufacturers。
答案： C4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A． The new regulations should have come into practice earlier.
B．The 2011 outbreak of Listeria is the most serious ever.
C．Farmers and food companies are strongly against the new rules.
D．Colorado and New Mexico are worst hit by food pollution.
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句中的“The long-overdue regulations”可知，这些规章制度本应早一些投入实施。
答案： A