PAGE
第 8 页 共 9 页
单元加餐练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Thanks to El Nio, California's coastal waters have become more suitable for fish from the tropics (热带地区) to live.Hammerhead sharks are among them.
“For over a year now, a lot of warm water fish that we don't usually see have been coming up，” said Rick Feeney, fish expert from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
The arrival of large numbers of big fish like wahoo and tuna has also promoted California's saltwater sport fishing industry, which brings in about D|S1.8 billion a year.
“All the sport fish from Mexico are coming up here.In fact, there are probably more sport fish up here than there are down at the tip of Baja where they usually are.Things like marlin, yellowtail, wahoo, yellow fin tuna, blue fin tuna, all sorts of things that fishermen love to catch，” said Feeney.
But southern California's warmer waters fish are forcing out other species that the local wildlife depends on.
“Fish like anchovies and sardines have moved on.And a lot of baby seals and baby sea lions are starving because the mothers can't find enough food.That might be one of the effects of El Nio，” explained Feeney.
Researchers say the northern migration (迁徙) of fish in the Pacific Ocean has been one of the most dynamic effects of the climate phenomenon.
“Historically, it's a temporary change, and once El Nio stops, the fish just go back to the cold waters.But we all know about global warming, and year by year we don't know how many of these fish will actually stick around and reproduce (繁殖)，” said Fenney.
1．What can be the best title for the text
A．A Once in a lifetime Big Catch
B．El Nio and the Tropical Fish
C．The Fishing Industry in Baja and California
D．El Nio Brings Unexpected Fish to California
2．Which of the following fish are from warm waters
A．Wahoo and sardines. B．Tuna and anchovies.
C．Hammerhead sharks. D．Marlin and sea lions.
3．What do we know about the seals according to Feeney
A．The baby seals may die of cold.
B．The baby seals may die of hunger.
C．The seals may stop reproducing.
D．The seals may move to the south.
4．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．the fish have brought a big profit to Mexico
B．the fish experts are happy to see more sport fish
C．the fish will stay off the California coast for many years
D．the fish have affected the food chain off the California coast
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Here, sleep experts clear up some of the biggest misunderstandings about sleep they see with their patients, which could weaken your ability to have a night of good sleep.
Myth：__1__
The latest research shows that the right amount of sleep may vary from person to person and should leave you feeling energized the next day. I'm a sleep doctor. Take myself for example. __2__
Myth: Don't fall asleep with the TV on.
I've cured more people suffering from sleep problems than you can imagine by telling people it's OK to fall asleep with the TV on. __3__ Control the watching time so it doesn't affect your sleep later in the night.
Myth: You can catch up on lost sleep on the weekend.
__4__ A Harvard study found that even if you sleep for an extra 10 hours on the weekend to make up for only sleeping six hours a night for two weeks, those extra hours won't improve your reaction times or ability to focus. Plus, sleeping late throws off your biological clock, which can lead to obesity, diabetes and heart disease.
Myth: Alcohol can help you rest easy.
__5__ Alcohol may relax you so you nod off quicker, but studies show you'll wake up more and get less of deep sleep you need to feel rested.
A．You need 8 hours' sleep a night.
B．A lack of sleep can cause anxiety.
C．We take unscheduled naps during the weekend.
D．I've been a 6.5 hour sleeper in my entire adult life.
E．Many people can't turn off their brains, but watching TV helps.
F．People commonly use alcohol to fall asleep, but it doesn't work.
G．You can't make up for too little sleep by sleeping more at weekends.
Ⅲ.完形填空
We've all done it. Run upstairs to get your keys, but __1__ what you're looking for once you get to the bedroom.Open the fridge door and __2__ the middle shelf, only to realize that we can't remember why we opened the fridge __3__. Or wait for a moment to interrupt a friend to find that the __4__ issue that made us want to interrupt has now __5__ from our minds just as we come to speak: “What did I want to say？”We ask a(n) __6__ audience, who all think “how should we know”．
__7__ these errors can be embarrassing, they are also __8__. It's known as the “Doorway Effect”， and it reveals some important __9__ of how our minds are organized. Understanding this might help us appreciate those temporary __10__ of forgetfulness as more than just a(n) __11__ (although they will still be annoying)．
As we move __12__ our days, our attention shifts between these __13__ — from our goals and ambitions, to plans and strategies, and to the lowest levels, our concrete actions. When things are going __14__， often in familiar situations, we keep our attention on what we want and how we do it seems to take care of itself. If you're a skilled driver, then you manage the gears, indicators and wheels __15__， and your attention is probably __16__ the less routine business of navigating the traffic or __17__ to your passengers. When things are less routine we have to shift our attention to the __18__ of what we're doing, taking our minds off the bigger picture for a moment. Hence the conversation __19__ as the driver gets to a tricky junction (交叉路口 ), or the engine starts to make a funny sound.
The Doorway Effect occurs when our attention moves between levels, and it reflects the __20__ of our memories — even memories for what we were about to do — on the environment we're in.
1．A.remember B．forget
C．discover D．find
2．A.reach for B．get over
C．stand by D．set aside
3．A.at once B．for the first time
C．above all D．in the first place
4．A.related B．trivial
C．memorable D．burning
5．A.changed B．occurred
C．disappeared D．reserved
6．A.excited B．confused
C．unexpected D．depressed
7．A.Unless B．Since
C．Although D．But
8．A.common B．strange
C．rare D．significant
9．A.issues B．features
C．aspects D．purposes
10．A.periods B．moments
C．attitudes D．memories
11．A.depression B．puzzle
C．annoyance D．surprise
12．A.in B．toward
C．by D．through
13．A.gaps B．lines
C．minds D．levels
14．A.directly B．well
C．straight D．away
15．A.automatically B．flexibly
C．regularly D．personally
16．A.stuck up B．held up
C．caught up in D．taken up
17．A.driving B．singing
C．taking D．talking
18．A.details B．abstraction
C．situations D．problems
19．A.pauses B．starts
C．lasts D．misses
20．A.disbelief B．confusion
C．reliance D．attraction
Ⅳ.语法填空
The Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the __1__ (large) of the Earth's oceans, covering about 46% of the Earth's water surface and 32% of its total surface area.It extends __2__ the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south, __3__ (surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.
The Pacific Ocean contains about 25,000 islands.The __4__ (major) of them are found south of the equator.__5__ water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes (中纬度) for __6__ (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.
The surface circulation of Pacific waters is __7__ (general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is various, __8__ is influenced by the ocean's great depths.In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, natural gas is produced, and pearls __9__ (harvest) along the coasts of Australia, Japan and the Philippines.One more thing worth __10__ (mention) is that the Pacific's greatest wealth is its fish.
Ⅴ.短文改错
How time flies！I had hardly had time to enjoy the warmth of my home while it's time go back to school.This winter I spend ten days studying maths, chemistry and physics, none of which was easily for me.
And I still had some fun during the Spring Festival.I had attended my uncle's wedding and my new aunt was very beautiful.To my disappoint, I didn't get many lucky money as I had expected.I also went to the cinema with several classmates.We played jokes on each other and had a big meal in a restaurant calling “Red Lobster”．The food there was very delicious and we all really enjoyed myself.PAGE
第 8 页 共 9 页
单元加餐练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Thanks to El Nio, California's coastal waters have become more suitable for fish from the tropics (热带地区) to live.Hammerhead sharks are among them.
“For over a year now, a lot of warm water fish that we don't usually see have been coming up，” said Rick Feeney, fish expert from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
The arrival of large numbers of big fish like wahoo and tuna has also promoted California's saltwater sport fishing industry, which brings in about D|S1.8 billion a year.
“All the sport fish from Mexico are coming up here.In fact, there are probably more sport fish up here than there are down at the tip of Baja where they usually are.Things like marlin, yellowtail, wahoo, yellow fin tuna, blue fin tuna, all sorts of things that fishermen love to catch，” said Feeney.
But southern California's warmer waters fish are forcing out other species that the local wildlife depends on.
“Fish like anchovies and sardines have moved on.And a lot of baby seals and baby sea lions are starving because the mothers can't find enough food.That might be one of the effects of El Nio，” explained Feeney.
Researchers say the northern migration (迁徙) of fish in the Pacific Ocean has been one of the most dynamic effects of the climate phenomenon.
“Historically, it's a temporary change, and once El Nio stops, the fish just go back to the cold waters.But we all know about global warming, and year by year we don't know how many of these fish will actually stick around and reproduce (繁殖)，” said Fenney.
语篇解读：本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象造成的鱼类迁徙及其对加州海域食物链的影响。
1．What can be the best title for the text
A．A Once in a lifetime Big Catch
B．El Nio and the Tropical Fish
C．The Fishing Industry in Baja and California
D．El Nio Brings Unexpected Fish to California
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据第一段的第一句“由于厄尔尼诺现象，加州海岸水域更加适合暖水区的鱼类生存”和下文所列出的具体的例子可知，本文的最佳标题是“厄尔尼诺给加州带来了意想不到的鱼类”。
2．Which of the following fish are from warm waters
A．Wahoo and sardines. B．Tuna and anchovies.
C．Hammerhead sharks. D．Marlin and sea lions.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第二句话可知，锤头鲨是来自暖水区的鱼。故选C。
3．What do we know about the seals according to Feeney
A．The baby seals may die of cold.
B．The baby seals may die of hunger.
C．The seals may stop reproducing.
D．The seals may move to the south.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第六段的“And a lot of baby seals and baby sea lions are starving because the mothers can't find enough food”可知，小海豹可能会死于饥饿。故选B。
4．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．the fish have brought a big profit to Mexico
B．the fish experts are happy to see more sport fish
C．the fish will stay off the California coast for many years
D．the fish have affected the food chain off the California coast
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章的第五段和第六段可知，南加州暖水区鱼类把本地野生生物所依赖的其他物种排挤了出去。有些动物的幼崽由于没有足够的食物而挨饿，由此可以推测出暖水区鱼类的到来影响了加州海域的食物链。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Here, sleep experts clear up some of the biggest misunderstandings about sleep they see with their patients, which could weaken your ability to have a night of good sleep.
Myth：__1__
The latest research shows that the right amount of sleep may vary from person to person and should leave you feeling energized the next day. I'm a sleep doctor. Take myself for example. __2__
Myth: Don't fall asleep with the TV on.
I've cured more people suffering from sleep problems than you can imagine by telling people it's OK to fall asleep with the TV on. __3__ Control the watching time so it doesn't affect your sleep later in the night.
Myth: You can catch up on lost sleep on the weekend.
__4__ A Harvard study found that even if you sleep for an extra 10 hours on the weekend to make up for only sleeping six hours a night for two weeks, those extra hours won't improve your reaction times or ability to focus. Plus, sleeping late throws off your biological clock, which can lead to obesity, diabetes and heart disease.
Myth: Alcohol can help you rest easy.
__5__ Alcohol may relax you so you nod off quicker, but studies show you'll wake up more and get less of deep sleep you need to feel rested.
A．You need 8 hours' sleep a night.
B．A lack of sleep can cause anxiety.
C．We take unscheduled naps during the weekend.
D．I've been a 6.5 hour sleeper in my entire adult life.
E．Many people can't turn off their brains, but watching TV helps.
F．People commonly use alcohol to fall asleep, but it doesn't work.
G．You can't make up for too little sleep by sleeping more at weekends.
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。作者澄清了人们关于睡眠的几个错误观点，比如你一晚上需要8小时的睡眠、不能开着电视睡觉等。
1．解析：选A 由语境及上文的“clear up some of the biggest misunderstandings about sleep”可推测出Myth在此意为“错误观念”。根据下文的“the right amount of sleep may vary from person to person”可知，对每个人来说，适当的睡眠时间都是不同的，故可知此处澄清的错误观念是A项“你一晚上需要八个小时的睡眠”。
2．解析：选D 根据语境尤其是上文的“the right amount of sleep may vary from person to person ...Take myself for example”可知，空处应是作者举例说明自己每晚需要的睡眠时间，故选D项，表示作者成年以后一直每晚睡6.5小时。
3．解析：选E 空处解释说明了上文的“I've cured more people suffering from sleep problems than you can imagine by telling people it's OK to fall asleep with the TV on”的原因，表示许多人不能让他们的大脑放松下来，但看电视能够对他们有所帮助。文中的“more people suffering from sleep problems”与E项中的“Many people can't turn off their brains”对应。
4．解析：选G 本空所在段落的错误观点是通过在周末睡更长时间来弥补平时缺失的睡眠。G项与之相呼应。
5．解析：选F F项中的“People commonly use alcohol to fall asleep”与上文的“Alcohol can help you rest easy”以及下文的“Alcohol may relax you so you nod off quicker”相对应，“but it doesn't work”与下文的“you'll wake up more and get less of deep sleep you need to feel rested”相对应。
Ⅲ.完形填空
We've all done it. Run upstairs to get your keys, but __1__ what you're looking for once you get to the bedroom.Open the fridge door and __2__ the middle shelf, only to realize that we can't remember why we opened the fridge __3__. Or wait for a moment to interrupt a friend to find that the __4__ issue that made us want to interrupt has now __5__ from our minds just as we come to speak: “What did I want to say？”We ask a(n) __6__ audience, who all think “how should we know”．
__7__ these errors can be embarrassing, they are also __8__. It's known as the “Doorway Effect”， and it reveals some important __9__ of how our minds are organized. Understanding this might help us appreciate those temporary __10__ of forgetfulness as more than just a(n) __11__ (although they will still be annoying)．
As we move __12__ our days, our attention shifts between these __13__ — from our goals and ambitions, to plans and strategies, and to the lowest levels, our concrete actions. When things are going __14__， often in familiar situations, we keep our attention on what we want and how we do it seems to take care of itself. If you're a skilled driver, then you manage the gears, indicators and wheels __15__， and your attention is probably __16__ the less routine business of navigating the traffic or __17__ to your passengers. When things are less routine we have to shift our attention to the __18__ of what we're doing, taking our minds off the bigger picture for a moment. Hence the conversation __19__ as the driver gets to a tricky junction (交叉路口 ), or the engine starts to make a funny sound.
The Doorway Effect occurs when our attention moves between levels, and it reflects the __20__ of our memories — even memories for what we were about to do — on the environment we're in.
语篇解读：我们每个人都曾有过上楼去拿钥匙，但是到了楼上却忘了自己的初衷；打开冰箱门，伸手探向中间那一层，却忘记自己究竟为什么要打开冰箱等类似的情形。这是非常普遍的现象，被称之为“门口效应”。
1．A.remember B．forget
C．discover D．find
解析：选B 文章第一段举了三个例子来引出“门口效应”这一现象，根据下文的“we can't remember”可知，此处指当你跑去楼上拿钥匙时，你却忘记(forget)要找什么。remember意为“记得；回忆起”；discover意为“发现；发觉”；find意为“发现；找到”。
2．A.reach for B．get over
C．stand by D．set aside
解析：选A 本句继续讲“门口效应”的例子：打开冰箱门时竟然忘了为什么要打开冰箱。reach for意为“伸手(以碰触)”，符合语境。get over意为“从(疾病)中康复过来；完成(某事)”；stand by意为“袖手旁观”；set aside意为“留出；拨出(时间、金钱等)；对……置之不理”。
3．A.at once B．for the first time
C．above all D．in the first place
解析：选D 根据语境及设空前的“we can't remember”可知，此处指打开冰箱后却忘记起初为什么要打开冰箱。in the first place意为“起初；一开始”，符合语境。at once意为“立刻；马上”；for the first time意为“第一次”；above all意为“最重要的是”。
4．A.related B．trivial
C．memorable D．burning
解析：选D 本句讲述第三个“门口效应”的例子：当我们急于打断朋友，却忘记了什么急事使我们这样。burning意为“迫在眉睫的”，符合语境。故选D项。related意为“有关的；相关的”；trivial意为“微不足道的”；memorable意为“值得纪念的”。
5．A.changed B．occurred
C．disappeared D．reserved
解析：选C 结合上文中出现的“can't remember”及空后的“from our minds just as we come to speak：‘What did I want to say？’”可知，当我们想说时，迫在眉睫的事情却从我们的脑海里消失了(disappeared)。change意为“变化；改变；转变”；occur意为“发生”；reserve意为“预订；保留”。
6．A.excited B．confused
C．unexpected D．depressed
解析：选B 我们本来打断朋友想说什么，但是却反过来问听者“我刚才想说什么来着？”，再结合空后的“who all think‘how should we know’”可知，这让听者非常困惑。excited意为“兴奋的；激动的”；confused意为“困惑的；糊涂的”；unexpected 意为“想不到的；意外的”；depressed意为“沮丧的；消沉的”。故选B项。
7．A.Unless B．Since
C．Although D．But
解析：选C 由文章第一段所举的例子可知，尽管(Although)生活中的这些错误会让我们感觉很尴尬，但这样的例子还是很常见。根据语境可知，设空处表让步，故选C项。
8．A.common B．strange
C．rare D．significant
解析：选A 参见上题解析。strange意为“奇怪的；不同寻常的”；rare意为“罕见的；稀有的”；significant意为“重要的；重大的”。
9．A.issues B．features
C．aspects D．purposes
解析：选B 根据空前的“reveals”及空后的“how our minds are organized”可知，此处指“门口效应”揭示出了我们的思维是如何组织起来的一些重要特征。issue意为“问题；议题”；aspect意为“方面”；purpose意为“目的”。
10．A.periods B．moments
C．attitudes D．memories
解析：选B 根据文章第一段所举的例子可知，“门口效应”产生的这种失忆是暂时的现象。moment意为“片刻；瞬间”，符合语境。故选B项。period意为“时期”；attitude意为“态度”；memory意为“记忆；回忆”。
11．A.depression B．puzzle
C．annoyance D．surprise
解析：选C 根据空后括号里的“although they will still be annoying”可知，此处指人由于失忆而感到烦恼(annoyance)。故选C项。depression意为“沮丧；萧条”；puzzle意为“谜；困惑；难题”；surprise意为“惊喜；惊讶”。
12．A.in B．toward
C．by D．through
解析：选D 根据空后的“our days”可知，此处指在我们度过每一天的过程中。through指“自始至终；在整个期间”，符合语境。故选D项。
13．A.gaps B．lines
C．minds D．levels
解析：选D 根据空后的“from our goals and ambitions，to plans and strategies, and to the lowest levels, our concrete actions”可知，此处指我们的注意力在不同层次(levels)间不断转换。根据本句中的lowest levels及最后一段中的between levels可知答案为D项。
14．A.directly B．well
C．straight D．away
解析：选B 根据设空后的“often in familiar situations, we keep our attention on what we want and how we do it seems to take care of itself”可知，当处于熟悉的状况时，我们的注意力会集中于我们想做的事情上。这些时候往往是事情按部就班、顺利发展的时候，故选B项。
15．A.automatically B．flexibly
C．regularly D．personally
解析：选A 根据上文的“take care of itself”及设空后对司机开车的描述可知，此处指熟练的司机能够自动操控汽车。automatically意为“自动地”；flexibly意为“有弹性地；灵活地”；regularly意为“有规律地；定期地”；personally意为“亲自地”。根据语境可知选A项。
16．A.stuck up B．held up
C．caught up in D．taken up
解析：选C 根据空前的“take care of itself”， “skilled”及空后的“the less routine business of navigating the traffic ...”可知，此处指司机把精力集中于其他一些与驾驶不相关的事情上。be caught up in意为“卷入；陷入”，符合语境。stick up意为“竖起”；hold up意为“支撑；阻挡”；take up意为“拿起；占据；从事”。
17．A.driving B．singing
C．taking D．talking
解析：选D 根据下文中的“conversation”可知，此处指司机与乘客交谈(talking)。
18．A.details B．abstraction
C．situations D．problems
解析：选A 根据上文的“routine business”可知，此处指当事情不是一些日常活动时，我们会把注意力转移到我们正在做的琐事上。detail意为“细节；琐事”，符合语境。abstraction意为“抽象；心不在焉”；situation意为“形势；处境；状况”；problem意为“问题”。
19．A.pauses B．starts
C．lasts D．misses
解析：选A 根据设空后的“as the driver gets to a tricky junction (交叉路口), or the engine starts to make a funny sound”可知，此处指司机与乘客的对话停止(pauses)。start意为“开始”；last意为“持续”；miss意为“错失”。
20．A.disbelief B．confusion
C．reliance D．attraction
解析：选C 根据最后一段可知，“门口效应”发生在我们的注意力在不同层次间游移时，而这反映了记忆力依赖我们所处的环境。故选C项。disbelief意为“不相信；怀疑”；confusion意为“疑惑；困惑”；attraction意为“吸引力”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the __1__ (large) of the Earth's oceans, covering about 46% of the Earth's water surface and 32% of its total surface area.It extends __2__ the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south, __3__ (surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.
The Pacific Ocean contains about 25,000 islands.The __4__ (major) of them are found south of the equator.__5__ water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes (中纬度) for __6__ (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.
The surface circulation of Pacific waters is __7__ (general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is various, __8__ is influenced by the ocean's great depths.In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, natural gas is produced, and pearls __9__ (harvest) along the coasts of Australia, Japan and the Philippines.One more thing worth __10__ (mention) is that the Pacific's greatest wealth is its fish.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上最大的大洋——太平洋。
1．largest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意及空前的“the”可知，此处应该使用形容词的最高级形式。
2．from 考查介词。此处指它从北半球的北极延伸到南半球的南极地区。from与后面的“to”形成对应。
3．surrounded 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作伴随状语，且由空格后的“by”可知，此处指的是太平洋被围绕，表被动，故应用过去分词。
4．majority 考查名词。由空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，这里应填一个名词。major本身可以作名词，表示“专业”，显然不符合语境。此处应用majority“大部分”。
5．The 考查冠词。根据water后面的修饰语“near the equator”可知，此处应用定冠词The表特指。
6．abundant 考查形容词。根据语境和句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语修饰名词，故应用其形容词形式。
7．generally 考查副词。此处表示通常，太平洋水域的表面循环在北半球是顺时针方向的，在南半球是逆时针方向的。应用副词修饰整个句子，故用generally。
8．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The exploitation，且在从句中作主语，故只能用which。
9．are harvested 考查时态和语态。根据句子结构可知，pearls与harvest之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且本文的基本时态为一般现在时，故此处也需用一般现在时，故填are harvested。
10．mentioning 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作worth的宾语，worth后接动词时应用其 ing形式，即用主动形式表被动含义。worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。
Ⅴ.短文改错
How time flies！I had hardly had time to enjoy the warmth of my home while it's time go back to school.This winter I spend ten days studying maths, chemistry and physics, none of which was easily for me.
And I still had some fun during the Spring Festival.I had attended my uncle's wedding and my new aunt was very beautiful.To my disappoint, I didn't get many lucky money as I had expected.I also went to the cinema with several classmates.We played jokes on each other and had a big meal in a restaurant calling “Red Lobster”．The food there was very delicious and we all really enjoyed myself.
答案：第二句：while→when; time后加to
第三句：spend→spent; easily→easy
第四句：And→But
第五句：去掉had
第六句：disappoint→disappointment; many→much
第八句：calling→called
第九句：myself→ourselves
