2014年春季高一英语人教版必修三基础测评巩固：Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars Section Ⅰ（含详解）

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Unit 4　Astronomy:the science of the stars
Section Ⅰ—Warming Up,Pre-reading,
Reading & Comprehending
一、单词拼写
1Do you think our education 　　　　(制度)needs improving
答案:system
2The discussion has become more and more 　　　(激烈的).
答案:violent
3She is 　　　(不像)her mother.
答案:unlike
4Darwin spent more than 20 years working on his 　　　(理论)of evolution.
答案:theory
5These are the 　　　(有害的)effects of smoking.
答案:harmful
6The hen was old and it stopped 　　　(下蛋)eggs.
答案:laying
7The idea 　　　(存在)only in the minds of us young people.
答案:exists
8The woman gave 　　　(生育)to a healthy girl.
答案:birth
9After　　　(迷惑)for hours,I finally saw daylight and found the answer.
答案:puzzling
10Yesterday the bad weather　　　(阻止)me from going swimming.
答案:prevented
二、单项填空
1In summer people like to wear sunglasses to 　　　their eyes from the strong sunlight.
A.stop　　　　　　　　　　B.prevent
C.protect D.keep
解析:stop...from=prevent...from=keep...from,意思是“阻止……”;protect...from的含义是“保护……不受伤害”。句意:在夏天,人们喜欢带着太阳镜保护眼睛不受强烈阳光的伤害。
答案:C
2The little child didn’t understand the 　　　 question so there was a 　　　 expression on his face.
A.puzzling;puzzled B.puzzled;puzzled
C.puzzling;puzzling D.puzzled;puzzling
解析:puzzling表示“令人迷惑的”,多用来修饰事物;puzzled表示“迷惑不解的”,多用来修饰人,也可以用来修饰人的表情(look,expression)。
答案:A
3(2013·浙江杭州月考)If you keep on,you’ll succeed 　　　.Wish you success in the examinations.
A.in time B.at one time
C.for the same time D.sometimes
解析:in time与sooner or later同义,意为“早晚”,“终究”。由句意“如果你继续努力,你早晚会成功的。祝你考试成功。”可知答案为in time。
答案:A
4There were 　　　 many people there 　　　I wasn’t able to pick her out.
A.such;that B.very;that
C.such;who D.so;that
解析:第一个空后有many,应用so修饰;从句中不缺少主语、宾语等,因此该从句不是定语从句,而是结果状语从句,因此第二个空应选择that。
答案:D
5In this 　　　 conflict,about 20 common people were killed.
A.gentle B.violent
C.fundamental D.harmful
解析:gentle“温和的”;violent“暴力的”;fundamental“基础的,根本的”;harmful“有害的”。根据about 20 common people were killed 可知此处应用violent表示“暴力冲突”。
答案:B
6Deng Xiaoping’s 　　　 has had a great influence on the development of China.
A.theory B.rule
C.word D.system
解析:此处表示邓小平“理论”应用theory。
答案:A
7It is 　　　 Tom to drink so much;I wonder if he’s all right.
A.like B.likely
C.unlike D.unlikely
解析:由下文的“我怀疑他是否正常”可知应用unlike,表示“不像”。
答案:C
8Is the heavy rain harmful 　　　 the crops
A.for B.at
C.with D.to
解析:be harmful to sth/sb的含义是“对某物或某人有害处”。
答案:D
9—Danny,do you help your mother 　　　
—Yes.
A.lie table B.lie the table
C.lay table D.lay the table
解析:lay the table的含义是“摆餐具(准备吃饭)”。
答案:D
10How many little dogs has your dog 　　　
A.gave birth B.gave birth to
C.given birth to D.given birth
解析:give birth to的含义是“生育”,根据前面的has可知应用give的过去分词。
答案:C
三、单句改错
1Children should not be allowed to play violently games.
答案:violently→violent
2A life free from all worries just isn’t exist.
答案:isn’t→doesn’t
3They lay the cups on the table and sat down.
答案:lay→laid
4We don’t do anything that will be harmful for peace.
答案:for→to
5Don’t worry — I’m sure things will get better on time.
答案:on→in
四、翻译句子
1如果你想及时参加会议,必须现在动身。(in time)
答案:You must set off now if you want to attend the meeting in time.
2他们轮流回答张先生的问题。(in turn)
答案:They answered Mr.Zhang’s questions in turn.
3你的想法在理论上是对的。(in theory)
答案:Your idea is right in theory.
4他不像他的爸爸,他做事很认真。(unlike)
答案:Unlike his father,he does everything very carefully.
5这次泥石流(mudslide)对我们的交通有害处。(be harmful to)
答案:The mudslide is harmful to our traffic.
6她打算只生一个孩子。(give birth to)
答案:She is going to give birth to only one child.
五、阅读理解
Copernicus was born in Torun,Poland,on February 19,1473.Little is known about his early life except that his father died when he was 10.An uncle adopted him,his two sisters,and his brother.The uncle saw to it that the two boys received a good education.Copernicus went to the University of Cracow.There he studied such subjects as Latin,mathematics,and astronomy.It was probably at that time that he changed his Polish name,Niklas Koppernigk,to the Latin form of Nicolaus Copernicus.In 1496 Copernicus went to Italy,where he spent the next 10 years studying at various universities.
In Copernicus’ time people still believed that all things the sun,the stars,and the planets — moved around the earth.It was an old belief that few men had ever questioned.Aristotle had based his theory of astronomy on this belief.Because the Church had long been the center of learning,the theory was also linked to religious beliefs.
In 1506 Copernicus returned to his homeland.A few years later he began to work for the Church.All those years Copernicus carried on his work in astronomy.He had just the most basic equipment and,like other scientists of his day,made observations with only his eyes.Still,using mathematics and logic(逻辑),Copernicus worked out a different theory,which held that the planets went around the sun.
Copernicus did not announce his ideas.He did not want to make trouble.But he could not hide the scientific truth.So he talked about his theory with his friends,who strongly advised him to have his work published.His great book,On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies,appeared at the very end of his life.Copernicus saw the first copy on the day he died,May 24,1543.
1Which of the following is TRUE about Copernicus
A.He had two brothers and a sister.
B.He used to be called Niklas Koppernigk.
C.He lost his father soon after he was born.
D.He spent 10 years at the University of Cracow.
解析:细节考查题。由第一段倒数第二句“It was probably at that time that he changed his Polish name,Niklas Koppernigk,to the Latin form of Nicolaus Copernicus.”可知B项正确。
答案:B
2From the passage we can see that “astronomy” is 　　　.
A.the life experience of great men
B.the movement of the stars and the planets
C.the scientific study of natural objects in space
D.the theories developed by scientists of old times
解析:推理判断题。由第二、三段可知,哥白尼研究天文学即研究太阳周围的行星。由此推出答案。
答案:C
3Copernicus developed his theory 　　　.
A.using various telescopes
B.based on Aristotle’s beliefs
C.through observations and reasoning(推理)
D.under the encouragement of his friends
解析:推理判断题。由第三段第四、五句可知,哥白尼是通过观察和推理来发展自己的理论的。
答案:C
4The writer of the passage tells us that 　　　.
A.Copernicus did not tell about his discovery until the day of his death
B.for many years Copernicus dared to do nothing openly against the Church
C.pushed by his friends Copernicus decided to write a book in May 1543
D.shortly before he got back to Poland Copernicus started to work for the Church
解析:推理判断题。由最后两段可知,哥白尼多年一直没有宣布自己的理论,直至晚年才敢出版著作。
答案:B
5Copernicus had his great book published because 　　　.
A.he didn’t agree with Aristotle
B.he could not hide the scientific truth
C.he worked for the Church
D.his friends advised him to do so
解析:细节考查题。由最后一段第四句可以得出答案。
答案:D
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