2014年春季高一英语人教版必修三基础测评巩固：Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars Section Ⅲ（含详解）

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Section Ⅲ—Using Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip
一、单项填空
1He 　　　 at once when I promised to help him.
A.cheered up　　　　　　　 B.gave up
C.broke up D.turned up
解析:cheer up“感到高兴,感到振奋”;give up“放弃”;break up“解散,结束”;turn up“出现”。由when I promised to help him 可知此处用cheered up表示“他立刻感到振奋”。
答案:A
2(2013·福建卷)Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks 　　　 in disasters.
A.turn down B.turn out
C.break down D.break out
解析:考查动词短语辨析。A项“调小,拒绝”,B项“结果证明……”,C项“出故障,分解”,D项“爆发”。根据句意:当发生灾难无线网络无法用的时候,老式的电话就有作用了。故答案为C项。
答案:C
3　　　I’m well again ,I can go on with my work.
A.Even if B.As though
C.Even after D.Now that
解析:even if的含义是“即使”;as though =as if,其含义是“好像”;even after的含义是“即使在……之后”;now that的含义是“既然”。由下文的“我能够继续我的工作”可知,此处应用Now that来表示“既然我的身体恢复健康了”。
答案:D
4　　　!There is danger ahead.
A.Watch out B.Take care of
C.Cheer up D.Notice
解析:watch out 表示“当心”;take care of表示“关心,照料”,而take care 才是“当心”的意思;cheer up 表示“使高兴,使振作”;notice表示“注意到”,需接宾语。此处应用Watch out 表示“当心!前面有危险”。
答案:A
5The doctor had almost lost hope at one point,but the patient finally 　　　.
A.pulled through
B.pulled over
C.pulled in
D.pulled down
解析:pull through“渡过难关,(使)恢复健康”。
答案:A
二、单句改错
1What we should watch out is the terrible animal.
答案:在out后加for
2The fire was broke out last Sunday.
答案:去掉was
3Now that you want to learn English well,so you should work hard.
答案:去掉so
4The boy knows how to cheer him up when he is sad.
答案:him→himself
5Do you know why the spaceship doesn’t fall back the earth
答案:back后加to
三、完成句子,词数不限
1他迅速拉了一下绳子。
He gave 　　　　　　 on the rope.
答案:a quick pull
2为了使她高兴,我带她去看电影。
I took her to the cinema to 　　　　　　.
答案:cheer her up
3既然你已完成了工作,就应该好好休息一下。
You should have a good rest 　　　　　　 you’ve finished the work.
答案:now that
4你能告诉我第一次世界大战发生在什么时候吗
Can you tell me when the First World War　　　　　　　　　
答案: broke out
5我想你应该提防那个人。
I think you should 　　　　　　 that man.
答案:watch out for
四、阅读理解
None of our early ancestors could digest milk as adults because their bodies never had to — milk drinking simply wasn’t an option.As people began to extract milk from animals,though,some people developed the ability to keep drinking it throughout their lives.
Scientists now know of a milk-related mutation(变异) in our genes — the chemical instructions for life that we carry in almost every cell in our bodies.People who have a mutated form of one particular gene can drink milk just fine.People without the mutation tend to get sick from milk.
To figure out where,and possibly why,milk drinking started,some scientists have been looking at who has the milk-digesting mutation today.Patterns are striking.
Most adults in Northern and Central Europe are able to digest milk — and they do.Cheese and butter and other dairy products are popular in countries such as Sweden,Denmark,Germany and England.Because European settlers dominated North America,most people here can handle milk just fine,as well.That may explain why ice cream is such a popular dessert in the United States.
In much of Africa,Asia and South America,on the other hand,people tend to avoid dairy products because they lead to diarrhea(腹泻) and other stomach problems.That’s why you won’t typically find cheese on the menu at a Chinese,Japanese or Ethiopian restaurant.Native Americans are also unable to digest milk.
Because of these genetic patterns,scientists have long thought that milk drinking started in Northern Europe,where dairy is an institution and the milk-digesting mutation is everywhere.
A recent study painted a different picture.With a computer model,Thomas and his colleagues looked at the spread of the milk-drinking mutation,farming and other related factors.Working backward,the scientists concluded that the first milk-drinkers lived in Central Europe around what’s now Hungary about 7,500 years ago.The practice didn’t start farther north,as scientists had thought before.
1Which of the following is the proper order of events according to the passage
a.Their children were able to digest milk as adults.
b.They got sick from milk.
c.Some people got a mutation in their genes.
d.Some people tried drinking milk from animals.
e.Some people started to drink milk from animals on a regular basis.
A.c→d→b→e→a
B.d→e→b→c→a
C.d→b→e→c→a
D.e→d→b→c→a
解析:细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知d排第一,排除A、D两项;由第二段最后两句可判断d、b应该是紧挨着的,排除B项,再结合常识可知C项切题。
答案:C
2Most people in the USA can digest milk because 　　　.
A.they have strong stomachs
B.their ancestors were Europeans
C.that’s where milk drinking started
D.farmers raise a lot of cows there
解析:细节推理题。由第四段“Most adults in Northern and Central Europe are able to digest milk — and they do...Because European settlers dominated North America,most people here can handle milk just fine,as well.”和最后一段中的“Working backward,the scientists concluded that the first milk-drinkers lived in Central Europe around what’s now Hungary about 7,500 years ago.”可推知B项正确。
答案:B
3Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with
A.Milk drinking first started in Northern Europe.
B.Milk drinking first started in Central Europe.
C.North American Indians were able to digest milk.
D.Dairy products are very popular in North Korea.
解析:细节判断题。由最后一段中的“Working backward,the scientists concluded that the first milk-drinkers lived in Central Europe around what’s now Hungary about 7500 years ago.”可知A错误,B项正确。由“Native Americans are also unable to digest milk.”可知C项错误。由“In much of Africa,Asia and South America,on the other hand,people tend to avoid dairy products because they lead to diarrhea and other stomach problems.” 可知D项错误。
答案:B
4The main focus of the scientists’ research was 　　　.
A.mutation of human genes
B.development of the human stomach
C.why milk drinking started
D.where milk drinking first started
解析:主旨大意题。综观全文可知,A项范围太广,B项偏题,C项只是文章的一个细节,故选D项。
答案:D
五、书面表达
请根据下面的表格内容写一篇关于中国实现太空梦的短文。
时间 进展情况
长期以来 中国人梦想进入太空
1999年至2002年 成功地发射了三艘无人飞船
2002年12月31日至2003年1月5日 神舟四号发射升空,并成功地返回地面,完成了七项科学实验,为下一步载人飞船的发射作准备神舟四号的成功发射和返回,表明中国有能力把人送入太空
2003年 中国第一艘载人飞船进入太空
2008年 中国人实现了太空行走的夙愿
2011年 天宫一号(Tiangong Ⅰ)发射成功,中国人将拥有首个太空站。
2012,2013年 神舟九号、神舟十号发射成功
注意:1.词数:120左右
2.参考词汇:无人驾驶的 unmanned;载人的 manned;飞船spacecraft(单复同);发射launch(vt./n.)
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【写作指导】
※主题:the dream of space
※必备词汇:dream of,unmanned spacecraft,success,scientific,experiments,carry out,make preparations for,be sent into space
※必备句型:The Chinese people have been dreaming of...
The purpose of the flight is to...
It was in 2008 that the Chinese dream of walking in space came true.
参考范文:
The Chinese people have been dreaming of going into(outer)space for a long time.From 1999 to 2002 China launched three unmanned spacecraft successfully.On Dec.31,2002,the launch of the spacecraft Shenzhou Ⅳ was another big success and the spacecraft returned to the earth safely on January 5th,2003.During its flight,seven scientific experiments were carried out.The purpose of the flight was to make preparations for the launch of a manned spacecraft next time.The successful launch and return shows that China is able to send a person into space.In 2003,Shenzhou Ⅴ,the first manned spacecraft,was successfully sent into space.It was in 2008 that the Chinese dream of walking in space came true.Besides,Tiangong Ⅰ was sent into space in 2011,which will be the first Chinese space station.In 2012 and 2013 Shenzhou Ⅸ and Ⅹ were also sent into space successfully.
How proud we Chinese are!
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