(共40张PPT)
Module 12 Unit 3 Language in use
外研版九年级上册
Learning objectives
1.To review the key words, phrases, and sentences of M12.
2. Be able to guess the composition, derivation and transformation of word meanings related to the learned words in a positive/negative way.
3. Have a deep understanding of the existing pollution problems in the world, and actively put forward suggestions to solve the pollution problems.
Lead in
drop the litter into the river
stop the factory from…
Collect the waste books and …
What should we do to protect the environment
turn off the tap
waste food
recycle the second-hands
Lead in
一、合成法
将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的的单词合在一起构成新词的方法叫做合成法。如：afternoon、kind-hearted、maybe 等等。掌握合成法有助于我们理解和记忆更多单词。
Presentation
合成名词 afternoon, sportsman, blackboard, newspaper, airplane, classmate…
合成形容词 kind-hearted, middle-aged, hard-working…
合成副词 however, maybe…
合成代词 himself, everyone, nothing…
合成动词 overlook…
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二、派生法
在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀，就可以构成一个新词，这种方法叫做派生法。根据词缀的位置，分为前缀和后缀两种。掌握一些常见的词缀，对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助。比如：我们学会care, 就能掌握careful, careless, carefully, carelessly。下面我们来学习几个常见的前、后缀：
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1. 表示否定意义 “无，不”的前缀：
impatient, impossible
un -
in -
dis -
im -
non-
unable, unhappy
inexpensive, indecision
disagree, dislike
non-smoker
前缀：
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2. 表示 “再”的前缀：
re-
rewrite, reuse, recycle
3. 表示 “错误地”的前缀：
mis -
mislead , misunderstand
4. 表示 “在……之间，相互”意思的前缀：
inter- 表示“在……之间，相互”：Internet
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前缀 含义 例词
dis- 不 disagree, dislike
en- 使……处在某种状态 enable, enrich
im-, in- 不 impossible, impatient, inexpensive
inter- 在……之间 international, interconnect
mis- 错误的 mislead, misunderstand
non- 不，非 non-smoker, non-native
re- 再，重复 rewrite, retell
un- 不 unable, unhappy, unpopular
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后缀：
–able表示“可能，易于，适合于”，
构成形容词，
如：renewable, eatable(可吃的)，enjoyable
常见的后缀：
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2. –ful表示“充满……的，具有……性的”， 构成
形容词，如：helpful, hopeful, powerful , useful,
careful, beautiful
3. –less 与-ful 相反，表示“少的，不足的”，构成
形容词，如：helpless, hopeless, powerless, useless, careless
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1. 动词变名词：
-ation
-ment
-er
-or
invitation, education,
agreement, government
teacher, worker
visitor, sailor
让我们来看一些不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性的后缀
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2. 形容词变名词：
-ness
-ty
happiness, meanness, carelessness
activity, safety
3. 名词、形容词变动词：
-ify
-ize
-en
beautify, simplify
realize
quicken, widen, sharpen
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4. 名词变形容词：
-y
-ous
-ful
windy, rainy, sandy
dangerous, humorous
helpful, careful, peaceful
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后缀 含义 例词
-er, -or 构成名词 teacher, worker, visitor
-ian musician
-ing building, painting, shopping
-ist artist, scientist
-ment agreement, government
-ness coldness, happiness, illness
-th truth, warmth
-tion competition, education, information
-ty activity, safety
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后缀 含义 例词
-able, -ible 构成形容词 comfortable, eatable, enjoyable
-al environmental, international
-ful careful, helpful
-ive active, expensive
-less careless, helpless, homeless
-ly friendly, lovely, monthly
-ous dangerous, famous
-teen 构成数词 eighteen, fifteen, seventeen
-th fifteenth, fifth, fortieth
-ty forty, sixty, twenty
-ly 构成副词 badly, carefully, happily
英语构词法中把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转换法。
三、转换法
动词转化为名词
— Let’s talk about it more.
— I think we’d better finish the talk now.
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(2)名词转化为动词
— She gave me a cup of water.
— You should water the flowers twice a day.
(3)形容词转化为名词
— She was wearing a black dress.
— The girl in black looks very beautiful.
Presentation
1.Make a new words. Join the parts of words in Box A with the words in Box B. You need to use some of the parts more than once.
A –able -ful im- -less re- un-
B care collect hope possible use usual wanted waste
collectable, usable
impossible
reuse
careful, hopeful, useful, wasteful
careless, hopeless, useless
unusual, unwanted
Let’s do
Now work in groups. Play the guessing game English for Fun.
English for Fun
full of care ____________
2. can be collected ____________
3. full of hope ____________
4. without any hope ____________
careful
collectable
hopeful
hopeless
Let’s do
5. not possible ____________
6. not usual ____________
7. without any use ____________
8. use again ____________
9. not wanted ____________
10. making a lot of waste ____________
unusual
useless
reuse
unwanted
wasteful
impossible
Let’s do
2.Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
1. Polluted water is ____________.
2. It is _________ to throw so much food away.
3. If you look after things well, you may ________ some of them later.
4. It is __________ to clean up the whole river in such a short time.
5. If we pay attention to pollution now, the future will be ________.
hopeful impossible reuse unhealthy wasteful
unhealthy
wasteful
reuse
impossible
hopeful
Let’s do
3.Complete the table.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
useful/useless
hope hopefully / hopelessly
pollution ——
water —— ——
waste
—— —— usually/ unusually
use
use
usefully/uselessly
hope
hopeful/hopeless
pollute
polluted/unpolluted
water
waste
wasteful/wasted
wastefully
usual/unusual
Let’s do
4.Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.
She was hopeful that her new job would make her more successful.
The factory ___________ the river, and the fish died.
2. We often walk in the countryside. It is a(n) _______ activity for us.
3. Do not use so much water. It is very __________.
4. To keep the flowers growing, you need to _________ them once a day.
polluted
usual
wasteful
water
Let’s do
5.Complete the sentences.
A lunchbox is a box that you keep your lunch in.
A ___________ is a card that you write on one side of and send to someone by post.
2. A ___________ is a room where you have classes at school.
3. A ___________ is a book that has one or more stories for children.
4. A ____________ is a black board that is used at school for writing on with chalk.
postcard
classroom
storybook
blackboard
Let’s do
What kind of things can be recycled
2. How can these things be used
3. How does this help the environment
4. Have you ever recycled or used things that can be recycled How
Cloth, paper, cans, plastic, glass, etc.
Recycled paper can be used for notebooks, tickets or writing paper.
It helps save a lot of resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Yes. I recycled aluminum cans and paper by selling them to the recycled factory.
Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
Let’s do
7. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the expressions in the box.
be good for, throw away, turn off, worry about
Mike: I hear you are off to the Caribbean for a holiday! Lucky
you! But aren’t you (1) ____________ the pollution that such
long plane journeys may cause for the environment
Ken: I know, but what can I do about it I’ve already tried my
best to protect the environment. I recycle. I don’t
(2) ___________things if I don’t want them any more. I
(3) ________the lights when I leave a room. Don’t tell me I
shouldn’t travel by plane any more!
worried about
throw away
turn off
Let’s do
be good for, throw away, turn off, worry about
Mike: No, of course not. But we can do more to protect the
environment. For example, we can help keep the air
clean by planting trees. Trees (4) ____________the
environment. In this way, we can reduce the harm of
pollution.
Ken: Good! So I can enjoy my holiday, and when I come
back, I’ll plant some trees!
Mike: That’s the idea! Maybe we can all join in and start a
small forest!
are good for
Let’s do
8. Listen and check (√)the true sentences.
It is OK to throw used things away. Looking after them takes a lot of time.
2. Do not throw away things made of glass, plastic and paper, but recycle them when possible.
3. Take a bag when you go shopping.
4. Producing electricity and using oil will not cause pollution.
5. Turn off the light when you do not need them.
6. Ride a bike or walk, and do not often drive your car.
√
√
√
√
Listening
9. Listen again and complete the table.
Advice Reasons
Don’t throw away things made of _______, ________________, but _______them. Throwing things away is wasteful.
2 ______your old bags when you can and __________ with you when you go shopping. Plastic bags ___________ recycle.
glass
plastic and paper
recycle
take a bag
are hard to
Reuse
Listening
Advice Reasons
3. Use less electricity and oil to ____________________. 4. Don’t leave lights on and _________________. 5. __________________ and do not often drive your car. Producing electricity
and using oil may cause ___________________
___________________
_________________.
pollution to earth,
water and else in
many different ways
reduce pollution
waste electricity
Walk or cycling
Listening
Earth Hour
Earth Hour is held toward the end of March each year. During Earth Hour, people all across the world switch off the lights they do not need. They do this to show their awareness of climate change.
The first Earth Hour was held in 1977 in Sydney, where more than 2.2 million people switched off their lights. Today, more and more cities are taking part in the event, such as Beijing, London, Rome and New York, and landmarks like the Empire State Building and the Golden Gate Bridge will go dark.
Reading
Judge the sentences:
F
T
T
1. Earth Hour is held toward the end of March each year.
2. During Earth Hour, people all across the world switch off the lights they need.
3. The first Earth Hour was held in 1977 in Australia.
4. The Empire State Building and the Golden Gate Bridge will go dark during the Earth Hour.
T
Reading
用所给词的适当形式填空
1． The farmers often water crops to keep them （grow）.
2． We should try our best （protect）our environment.
3.It is （usual）for a four year old boy to write poems so well.
4． To make a green world，we should try to reduce air ________（pollute）by walking moreand driving less.
5．This （wood）bridge was built more than 20 years ago.
growing
to protect
unusual
pollution
wooden
Exercise
1. It’s not polite to speak to others with your mouth full of food.
It’s _________ to speak to others with your mouth full of food.
2. The teacher asked him to write the composition again.
The teacher asked him to _________ the composition.
3. He’s not popular with some of the neighbors.
He’s _________ with some of the neighbors.
4. I hate sweet food. Especially, I don’t like eating cake.
I hate sweet food. Especially, I _________ eating cake.
5. Hamburgers, candy and ice cream aren’t healthy food.
Hamburgers, candy and ice cream are ________ food.
完成下列同义句。
unpopular
dislike
unhealthy
impolite
rewrite
Exercise
Summary
合成词构词法
1.含义：将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法。
2.合成法是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可以合成名词、形容词、副词、代词、动词等。
3.前缀、后缀构词法
Homework
1.Complete the exercise in the workbook.
2.Search for more information about pollution. Make an oral presentation to your class.
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