情态动词和虚拟语气
【导入】
情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”
注意一：若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填
入恰当的情态动词。
注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟
语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的 if 虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。
技巧 1 意义和语气判断法
1. (浙江卷)George ____________(not go) too far. His coffee is still warm.
[分析] can't/couldn't have gone 由下文的“His coffee is still warm.”可以看出，乔治应该是刚
离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，故填 can't/couldn't have
gone。
【答案】 can't/couldn't have gone
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的
意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答
此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情
态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。
1. Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
2. You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
技巧 2 时间判断法
1. (天津卷)I wish I ____________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business
trip in New York then.
【解析】句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的 but
可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语 last Tuesday 可知，动作发生
在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构，故填 had been。
【答案】had been
虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间
后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。
1. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
for
2. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.
but/yet
基础夯实
考点 01 情态动词的基本用法
1） can，could 与 be able to
1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。
2）may 与 might
1．表示请求、允许时，might 比 may 的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用 mustn’t，表示＂不可以＂＂禁
止＂＂阻止＂之意。
2．＂may/might as well＋动词原形＂意为＂最好，倒不如＂，may/ might well＋动词原形，意为＂很可能＂。
3） must 与 need
1．must 用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。 need＂需要，有必
要 ＂，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
2. need 也可用作行为动词，＂需要, 有必要＂，可以用于各种句式中。
【巧学妙记】
need 的用法助记口诀
实义动词表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。
need 后接动名词，主动形式表被动。
情态动词表＂需要＂，没有人称、数之变。
其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。
【易混辨析】
dare 和 need
1. dare 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为 dared。
2. need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to
3. dare 和 need 作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare 后面常接带 to 的不定式。在
疑问句和否定句中，dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to 的不定式。而 need 后面只能接带 to 的不定式。
4) will 与 would
1．表示请求、建议等，would 比 will 委婉客气。
2．will 和 would 表示意志、愿望和决心。
3．will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有＂总是＂或＂总要＂之意。
5) shall，should 与 ought to
1．shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
2．shall 用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
3．should 表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
4．ought to 表示应该。
5．shall 还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的＂应该＂。
考点 02 情态动词表推测的用法
1．can 用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为＂有时会＂；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为＂可能＂，
有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can’t 意为＂不可能＂，语气很强烈。
2．may/might 用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为＂有可能＂；用于否定句中也可以表示
推测，may not 意为＂可能不＂，表示一种不太确定的语气。
3．must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句
中要用 can/could)。
4．should 用来表示推测时意为＂应该＂，即含有＂按道理来说应当如此＂的意思。
考点 03 ＂情态动词＋have done＂的用法
情态动词＋have done 用法
must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为 can’t/couldn’t have done
(1)本来能够做但却未做
can/could have done
(2)可能做过某事
can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事
may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事
should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t have done 做了本没有必要做的事情
1.＂must have done＂
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
2.＂can’t have done＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
3.＂can have done＂
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
4.＂could have done＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
5.＂may have done＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
6.＂might have done＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might 与 may 意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
7.＂would have done＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
8.＂should have done＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做
了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
9.＂ought to have done＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should have done＂用法基
本一样。
10.＂need have done＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
考点 04 if 条件句中的虚拟语气
1）if 条件句中的虚拟语气
if 条件
从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
从句
表示现 动词过去式 (be 的过去式用 should/would/could/might ＋ 动
在情况 were) 词原形
表示过 should/would/could/might ＋
had＋过去分词
去情况 have＋过去分词
should＋动词原形
表示将 should/would/could/might ＋ 动
动词过去式
来情况 词原形
were to＋动词原形
2）错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词
的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
3）省略 if 的倒装句
在条件句中可省略 if，把 were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。
4）含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时候，虚拟条件不是通过 if 引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中。
（1）用 but for 、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句。
（2）用 otherwise、or(or else)、even though 等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。
（3）虚拟条件通过 but 暗示出来。
考点 05 从句中的虚拟语气
1）．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中
常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，
prefer，desire，recommend 等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为＂should＋动词原形＂，should 可以省略。
【特别提醒】
★ suggest 表＂暗示＂，insist 表＂坚持认为＂时不用虚拟语气。
2）．用于主语从句中
常见句型：It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/ ... + that...
It is sb’s order/desire/suggestion/advice/ ... + that...
It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/ ... + that
从句谓语形式：（should+）动词原形
3）．用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在 suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟
语气，其构成是＂should＋动词原形＂，should 可以省略。
4）．wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式（be 一律用 were。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或 had + 过去分词。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might +动词原形。
5）．would rather 后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为＂宁愿；但愿＂。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实
相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
6）．在＂It is (about/high) time＋that 从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，
注意 should 不可省略。
7）．as if，as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过
去事实相反用过去完成时。
8）．if only 引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that ______ in the parking lot.
A. left B. would leave C. was left D. had been left
2.I __________ to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.
A. had intended B. has intended C. intended D. has been intended
3. I hate to say this but you need to stop doing things like this because they __________ me all the time.
A. disturb B. have disturbed C. disturbed D. are disturbing
4.Charlie's wheelchair ______ out of power. He drove it into my office and looked for a place to charge it.
A. run B. have run C. had run D. was running
5.— You really did a good job,Robert!
— I was just doing my job and anyone in my position___________the same like me.
A. might do B. could do C. should have done D. would have done
6.They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
7. If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put
C. should be put D. would be put
8.I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I __________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
9.If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
10.If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
11._______not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
12.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
13.I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
14.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
Ⅱ、单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误, 请标出并改正。
（一）
1.1f my brother was here，everything would be all right.
2. If he hadn’t been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.
3. Therefore we strongly suggested that similar events are held every year. bad la
4. The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily after the deadline.
5. We must found ways to protect our environment
6. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they must just be quiet people.
7. ---It’s the office! So you may know eating is not allowed here.
--Oh, sorry.
8. If you made better use of your time, you might have learned more.
9. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam was at the age of six months old.
10. It mustn’ t be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
（二）
1.I’d rather you saw the film yesterday.
2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school.
3.I wish I knew the truth of the matter.
4.If you listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.
5.You could do better，but you didn’t try your best.
6.If we took the other road，we might have arrived earlier.
7.He suggested that we took the teacher’s advice.
8.If he had been studying hard，he would work in the office now.
9.But for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey.
10.If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture.
Ⅲ、语法填空
1.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess
61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean)
we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
3.The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.
Ⅳ、短文填空
（一）
Miss Fang couldn’t read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she __1__go to the
Health Service and see a doctor.＂You should see a doctor as soon as possible，＂ she said.＂You __2__need
glasses.＂
When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor
__3__see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.＂The doctor
__4__take you at about ten to four，＂ the appointment clerk suggested.
＂__5__I put you down for ten to four，or would you rather come tomorrow？＂
Miss Fang thought she __6__(not) waste any more time. The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she asked for
permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, ＂ I think I
__7__make it at ten to four.＂
Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, ＂__8__I leave at 3：45 today？ I __9__have an eye
examination.＂ As expected, the teacher said, ＂Yes, of course you __10__.＂
真题演练
【2021 年】
1．（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
A．need B．should C．could D．must
【2020 年】
1.（2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
2.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【2019 年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
2.【2019·天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the
time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【2018 年】
1.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become
more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
3.【2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
4.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
5.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
6.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【2017 年】
1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
2.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
3.【2017·江苏卷】_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
4.【2017·天津卷】My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the
morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
5.【2017·天津卷】 —Do you have Betty’s phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【2016 年】
1.【2016·北京】I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
2.【2016·北京】Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week If you ________ me, I could have
helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
3.【2016·江苏】If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A.had not been B.should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
4.【2016·天津】It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
5.【2016·天津】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
6.【2016·浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since
their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
学习评价：
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________情态动词和虚拟语气
【导入】
情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”
注意一：若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填
入恰当的情态动词。
注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟
语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的 if 虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。
技巧 1 意义和语气判断法
1. (浙江卷)George ____________(not go) too far. His coffee is still warm.
[分析] can't/couldn't have gone 由下文的“His coffee is still warm.”可以看出，乔治应该是刚
离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，故填 can't/couldn't have
gone。
【答案】 can't/couldn't have gone
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的
意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答
此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情
态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。
1. Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must 必须；
B. can 能，可以；C. need 需要；D. should 应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and
tidy”可知，Jim 许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选 B。
【答案】B
2. You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.
A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't
【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根
据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done 指做了本不该做的事，must have done 表示对过
去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done 表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t 不和 have done 连用。
故选 D。
【答案】D
技巧 2 时间判断法
1. (天津卷)I wish I ____________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business
trip in New York then.
【解析】句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的 but
可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语 last Tuesday 可知，动作发生
在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构，故填 had been。
【答案】had been
虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间
后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。
1. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根
据上句 the workers were not better organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子
结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故
选 D。
【答案】D
for
2. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.
but/yet
【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词 start 讲述的是 7 岁的
时候，动词应该用过去时。故将 start 改为 started。
【答案】start→started
基础夯实
考点 01 情态动词的基本用法
1） can，could 与 be able to
1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。
2）may 与 might
1．表示请求、允许时，might 比 may 的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用 mustn’t，表示＂不可以＂＂禁
止＂＂阻止＂之意。
2．＂may/might as well＋动词原形＂意为＂最好，倒不如＂，may/ might well＋动词原形，意为＂很可能＂。
3） must 与 need
1．must 用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。 need＂需要，有必
要 ＂，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
2. need 也可用作行为动词，＂需要, 有必要＂，可以用于各种句式中。
【巧学妙记】
need 的用法助记口诀
实义动词表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。
need 后接动名词，主动形式表被动。
情态动词表＂需要＂，没有人称、数之变。
其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。
【易混辨析】
dare 和 need
1. dare 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为 dared。
2. need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to
3. dare 和 need 作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare 后面常接带 to 的不定式。在
疑问句和否定句中，dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to 的不定式。而 need 后面只能接带 to 的不定式。
4) will 与 would
1．表示请求、建议等，would 比 will 委婉客气。
2．will 和 would 表示意志、愿望和决心。
3．will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有＂总是＂或＂总要＂之意。
5) shall，should 与 ought to
1．shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
2．shall 用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
3．should 表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
4．ought to 表示应该。
5．shall 还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的＂应该＂。
考点 02 情态动词表推测的用法
1．can 用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为＂有时会＂；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为＂可能＂，
有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can’t 意为＂不可能＂，语气很强烈。
2．may/might 用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为＂有可能＂；用于否定句中也可以表示
推测，may not 意为＂可能不＂，表示一种不太确定的语气。
3．must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句
中要用 can/could)。
4．should 用来表示推测时意为＂应该＂，即含有＂按道理来说应当如此＂的意思。
考点 03 ＂情态动词＋have done＂的用法
情态动词＋have done 用法
must have done 一定做过某事，其否定形式为 can’t/couldn’t have done
(1)本来能够做但却未做
can/could have done
(2)可能做过某事
can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事
may/might have done 或许/可能做过某事
should/ought to have done 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t have done 做了本没有必要做的事情
1.＂must have done＂
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
2.＂can’t have done＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
3.＂can have done＂
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
4.＂could have done＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
5.＂may have done＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
6.＂might have done＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might 与 may 意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
7.＂would have done＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
8.＂should have done＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做
了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
9.＂ought to have done＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should have done＂用法基
本一样。
10.＂need have done＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t have done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
考点 04 if 条件句中的虚拟语气
1）if 条件句中的虚拟语气
if 条件
从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
从句
表示现 动词过去式 (be 的过去式用 should/would/could/might ＋ 动
在情况 were) 词原形
表示过 should/would/could/might ＋
had＋过去分词
去情况 have＋过去分词
should＋动词原形
表示将 should/would/could/might ＋ 动
动词过去式
来情况 词原形
were to＋动词原形
2）错综时间条件句的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词
的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
3）省略 if 的倒装句
在条件句中可省略 if，把 were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。
4）含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时候，虚拟条件不是通过 if 引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中。
（1）用 but for 、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句。
（2）用 otherwise、or(or else)、even though 等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。
（3）虚拟条件通过 but 暗示出来。
考点 05 从句中的虚拟语气
1）．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中
常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，
prefer，desire，recommend 等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为＂should＋动词原形＂，should 可以省略。
【特别提醒】
★ suggest 表＂暗示＂，insist 表＂坚持认为＂时不用虚拟语气。
2）．用于主语从句中
常见句型：It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/ ... + that...
It is sb’s order/desire/suggestion/advice/ ... + that...
It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/ ... + that
从句谓语形式：（should+）动词原形
3）．用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在 suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟
语气，其构成是＂should＋动词原形＂，should 可以省略。
4）．wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) +从句主语+动词过去式（be 一律用 were。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或 had + 过去分词。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might +动词原形。
5）．would rather 后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为＂宁愿；但愿＂。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实
相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
6）．在＂It is (about/high) time＋that 从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，
注意 should 不可省略。
7）．as if，as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过
去事实相反用过去完成时。
8）．if only 引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that ______ in the parking lot.
A. left B. would leave C. was left D. had been left
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：可怜的珀金斯先生不得不耐心地等着，直到他的车成为停车场里唯一
剩下的车。that 引导定语从句，从句中做主语，故从句谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致，先行词是 the
only one，one 指代上文提到的 car，且 car 与 leave 是动宾关系，故用被动语态，排除 A、B 项；根据上文的
had to wait until his car was 可推断，leave 动作发生在 had to wait 之后，与 was 时间一致，用一般过去时，故
排除 D。故选 C。
2.I __________ to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.
A. had intended B. has intended C. intended D. has been intended
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：我本打算给你一个惊喜测验，但经过仔细考虑，我选择让你反思一下你的练习。
根据 I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.可知，had intended to do sth“本打算做某事,实际上却未做”符合
句意。故此题选 A。
3. I hate to say this but you need to stop doing things like this because they __________ me all the time.
A. disturb B. have disturbed C. disturbed D. are disturbing
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我讨厌这样说，但是你需要停止这做这些事情，因为它们老是打扰了我。
根据句意及时间状语 all the time 可知，使用现在进行时，与 all the time(一直)搭配，表示厌恶。故选 D。
4.Charlie's wheelchair ______ out of power. He drove it into my office and looked for a place to charge it.
A. run B. have run C. had run D. was running
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：查理的轮椅快没电了。 他把它开进我的办公室，找了个地方充电费。根据
下文 He drove it into my office and looked for a place to charge it.可知，轮椅快没电，run out
of“耗尽；用光”，用进行时表示“即将用光”，故选 D。
5.— You really did a good job,Robert!
— I was just doing my job and anyone in my position___________the same like me.
A. might do B. could do C. should have done D. would have done
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：罗伯特，你真棒！--我只是做了我该做的事情，任何一个跟我站在同一角度
的人都会这么做的。分析句子可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，故应用 would have done。故选 D。
6.They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might
have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers 是条件句部分，表示
对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故 D 选项正确。
7. If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put
C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，从句用 had done 形式， 故答案选 A。句意：
如果新的安全系统已投入使用的话， 这次事故就不会发生了。
8.I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I __________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据 if 条件句
用的 had done，可知，主句用 would have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且 I 和 injure 是被动关系。故选
D。
9.If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据
时间状语 yesterday 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用 had + v-ed。故选 A。
点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词
的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题
就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用 had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。
10.If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if 从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与
现在事实相反，所以使用＂情态动词+动词原形＂。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在
这里了。故 A 正确。
11._______not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据主句 could not overcome 可知此处是省略 if 的虚拟语气和倒装，所以 were 应
放于主语 it 之前，陈述句应为＂If it were not…＂，故选 B 项。句意：要不是老师们的支持，这个学生不可
能克服困难。
12.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光
的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完
成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选 C。
13.I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，
但我不确定。根据句中时间状语 yesterday 可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据
后句 but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词 could，表示“可能”。故选 D。
14.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】本题是含蓄条件句。句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说《永别了武器》。
根据 without his wartime experience 没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用 would have
done，因此选 D 项。
Ⅱ、单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误, 请标出并改正。
（一）
1.1f my brother was here，everything would be all right.
2. If he hadn’t been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.
3. Therefore we strongly suggested that similar events are held every year. bad la
4. The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily after the deadline.
5. We must found ways to protect our environment
6. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they must just be quiet people.
7. ---It’s the office! So you may know eating is not allowed here.
--Oh, sorry.
8. If you made better use of your time, you might have learned more.
9. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam was at the age of six months old.
10. It mustn’ t be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
【参考答案】
1. was-were 句意，要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。此句为话引导的虚拟条件句.表示对现在的虚
拟。从句用一般过去时,be 用 were.
2. will-would
考在虚拟语气。句意:如果他昨天没有遇到风易，他现在就不会生病了。这是一个错综条件的虚拟语气。从
句根据 yesterday 可以看出是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时，而主句根据时间状语 now 看出是对现在的虚拟。
故用 would do.
3. are-be 考查虚拟话气。 句意:因此我们强烈建议类似的活动应该每年都举行。Suggest 意为“建议”时，后面
的从句用 should do 的形式或者省略 should。
4. must 后面加 be。句意:答题纸必须是从报纸上剪下来的，并且在截至日期前寄送至中国日报。根据句意。
这里应该用被动语志。nust do 的被动语态是 must be done.后面的 sent 和 cul 共用一个 be 动词，所以 sent 前
可以省略。
5. found-find 句息:我们必须找到保护环境的方法。 此处 must 为情态动间，情态动词后接动词原形。
6. must-may 句意:一些不爱说话的人并不是真的害羞。他们可能只是比较安静，由句意可知这里表示不确定
的推测，故用情态动词 may。
7. may--must 句意：这里是办公室。所以你必须知道在这儿吃东西是不被允许的。哦，对不起。结合语境可
知，这里表示命令.因此要用 must。
8. made 前加 had 句意：假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些，你本可以学到更多东西的。根据句意可知此
处订引导虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，故从每应用过去完成时。
9. was-be 句意：眼科医生建议孩子应在六个月大时进行第一次明期检查。recommend 表建议主张后接从句
用(should) do 的虚报语气。
10. musn’t –couldn’t 句意不可能是词汇导教你在考试中出这个问题，因为你知道很多单间。mustn't do 表禁
止，结合语境可知，此处使用 couldn’t 表时对过去事情有把握的推测。
（二）
1.I’d rather you saw the film yesterday.
2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school.
3.I wish I knew the truth of the matter.
4.If you listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.
5.You could do better，but you didn’t try your best.
6.If we took the other road，we might have arrived earlier.
7.He suggested that we took the teacher’s advice.
8.If he had been studying hard，he would work in the office now.
9.But for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey.
10.If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture.
【答案】
1.saw→had seen 2.go→went/should go 3.knew→had known
4.listened→had listened 5.do→have done 6.took→had taken
7.took→(should) take 8.work→be working
9.have 后加 had 10.have→had
Ⅲ、语法填空
1.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess
61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周
在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语 last week 可知应使用一般过去时，故填
touched。
2.＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean)
we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters 说：
“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处
也使用一般现在时，主语是 it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式 means，故填 means。
68．【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语 construct
与主语 the moon 之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语 the moon
是单数，故填 is constructed。
3.The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，
应使用一般现在时；主语与 call 是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填 are called。
Ⅳ、短文填空
（一）
Miss Fang couldn’t read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she __1__go to the
Health Service and see a doctor.＂You should see a doctor as soon as possible，＂ she said.＂You __2__need
glasses.＂
When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor
__3__see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.＂The doctor
__4__take you at about ten to four，＂ the appointment clerk suggested.
＂__5__I put you down for ten to four，or would you rather come tomorrow？＂
Miss Fang thought she __6__(not) waste any more time. The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she asked for
permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, ＂ I think I
__7__make it at ten to four.＂
Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, ＂__8__I leave at 3：45 today？ I __9__have an eye
examination.＂ As expected, the teacher said, ＂Yes, of course you __10__.＂
【答案】1.should 2.might 3.could 4.might 5.Shall
6.shouldn’t 7.can 8.May/Can 9.must 10.can
真题演练
【2021 年】
1．（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now
there are houses and people everywhere.
A．need B．should C．could D．must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子
和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一
定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选 C。
【2020 年】
1.（2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must 必
须；B. can 能，可以；C. need 需要；D. should 应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，
Jim 许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选 B。
2.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分
可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后 where I am 可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动
词应使用 would/could/might/should+do。故选 C。
【2019 年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快
时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过
去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选 C。
2.【2019·天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the
time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。
根据上句 the workers were not better organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句
子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，
故选 D。
【2018 年】
1.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由 that 引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”
这样的虚拟语气，其中的 should 可以省略。故选 B。
2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become
more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。
本题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选 A。
3.【2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超
市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语 yesterday 可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，
再根据后句 but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词 could，表示“可能”。故选 D。
4.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。
数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词 can。C 选项正确。
其余情态动词均没有该用法。need 需要；should 应该，竟然；must 必须，肯定。
5.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might
have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers 是条件句部分，
表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故 D 选项正确。
6.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。
根据时间状语 yesterday 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用 had + v-ed。故选 A。
【2017 年】
1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【答案】C
【解析】A. must 必须；B. should 应该；C. can 能；D. need 需要。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，
能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用 can，答案为 C。
2.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是
对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用 had done 形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故 A 项是正
确的。
3.【2017·江苏卷】_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if 省
略，同时把 were/should/had 提前，即 Were /Should/ Had I...，故选 B。
4.【2017·天津卷】My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the
morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；
B.不应该；C 不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选 C。
5.【2017·天津卷】 —Do you have Betty’s phone number
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处 otherwise(否
则)相当于一个 if 引导的条件状语从句，由 yesterday 可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用
wouldn’t have done，故选 B。
【2016 年】
1.【2016·北京】I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t 不需要；
B. mustn’t 禁止；C. wouldn’t 不愿；D. shouldn’t 不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选 A。
2.【2016·北京】Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week If you ________ me, I could have
helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可
以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if 条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选
B。
3.【2016·江苏】If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A.had not been B.should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故 A 项正确。
4.【2016·天津】It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这真是令人心烦；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t 不愿意；couldn’t 不能；
shouldn’t 不应该；needn’t 不必。根据句意可知选 B。
5.【2016·天津】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据 if 条
件句用的 had done，可知，主句用 would have done 表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且 I 和 injure 是被动关系。故
选 D。
6.【2016·浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since
their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从 2005 年的最高点下
降。使用虚拟语气，if 条件句用的 had done，而且省略 if，将 had 提前，主句用 would have done 表示对过去
情况的虚拟。故选 D。
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