【冲刺2014】英语专题辅导与训练课件：1[1]22定语从句（通用版）（共42张PPT）

课件42张PPT。第2讲 定语从句 【典题自测】
1. (2012·安徽高考)A lot of language learning, _______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it C. which D. this【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：正如已经发现的那样, 大量的语言学习发生在出生后的第一年, 所以在那一时期父母应该多和孩子交谈。根据句子结构可知, 本题是考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词, 在句中作主语, 指代主句整个句子的内容。A项可引导非限制性定语从句, 意为“正如”；B项不能用于定语从句；C项虽然也能用于非限制性定语从句, 但常常放在整个主句之后；D项也不能用于定语从句。2. （2012·陕西高考）It is the third time that she has won the race, _______ has surprised us all.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
【解析】选C。考查定语从句中关系词的选择。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛了, 这让我们大家都很惊讶。分析句子结构可知这是一个非限制性定语从句, 排除A项和D项(that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what只能引导名词性从句)；又因为定语从句中缺主语, 所以排除B项；C项which可引导非限制性定语从句, 代表整个主句的内容, 翻译为“这, 这一点”。所以C项符合题意。3. (2012·江苏高考)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who
C. where D. what
【解析】选B。考查定语从句中的关系代词。句意：洪水过后, 那个地区的人们遭受很大的痛苦, 他们急需洁净的水、药品以及居住场所以便生存。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查间隔开的非限制性定语从句, 先行词是people, 所以应该选择who。which指代事物；where指代地点；what不能引导定语从句。4. (2011·新课标全国卷) The prize will go to the writer _______ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：这个奖项会颁给作品最富有想象力的那位作家。此处whose引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词the writer, 表所属关系。故选C。that和which为关系代词, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；what不能引导定语从句。5. (2012·重庆高考)Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。被修饰的词position是先行词, 它是一个抽象的地点状语, 应用where引导。which和that在定语从句中作主语或宾语；when在定语从句中作时间状语。故选D。6. （2012·浙江高考）We live in an age _______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when
C. to whom D. on which
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个能比以往更容易获得更多信息的时代。age是先行词, 意为“时代”, 且在从句中作状语, 故用关系副词when。7. （2012·山东高考）Maria has written two novels, both of _______ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
【解析】选C。考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：玛丽亚已经写了两部小说, 它们都被拍摄成电视连续剧了。分析句子结构可知novels是定语从句的先行词, 指物时引导词要用that或which, 又因为介词of后面不能接that来引导定语从句, 此处的非限制性定语从句只能用which来引导；them与what都不能作定语从句的引导词, 故排除。根据以上分析可知选C。8. (2012·四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, _______ half wear glasses.
A. in whom B. in them
C. of whom D. of them
【解析】选C。考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们班有46名学生, 其中一半都戴眼镜。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构。根据句意和从句中的搭配half of. . . 可知, 应用of表示“其中”之意。9. (2012·天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _______ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose
C. whom D. which
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：我想感谢史密斯教授, 没有他的帮助, 我永远不会走这么远。分析题干可知“without ______ help I would never have got this far”为定语从句修饰先行词Professor Smith, 并且涉及了“介词 + whose + 名词”结构, 其相当于“without his help”, 故选B。10. （2012·浙江高考）Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _______, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who
C. where D. whom
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：艾伦是一个画鸟和自然的画家, 由于某种原因, 他从社会退隐了。考查非限制性定语从句, Ellen是先行词, 在从句中作主语。解题时, 先把插入语for some reason去掉。故选B。【考点归纳】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. which与that引导定语从句的区别。
先行词是物时, 关系代词which, that充当主语或宾语的异同：在限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾语时, 关系代词which, that一般可以互换, 作宾语时还可以省略。
（1）that用于下列情况:
①先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词；②先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；
④先行词被the only, the very(正是, 恰是), the last修饰；
⑤先行词中既有人又有物；
⑥在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句;
⑦先行词是the way, 并在定语从句中充当状语时, 关系代词用that或省略或用in which;
⑧在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词在从句中作表语时。（2）which用于下列情况:
①引导非限制性定语从句; 代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念;
②在“介词+关系代词”结构中;
③先行词本身是that/those时。2. which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。3. 其他关系代词的用法。二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的基本用法。I will never forget the day when Shenzhou Ⅸ was sent up into space.
我永远不会忘记“神舟”九号发射升空的那一天。
This is the village where we worked ten years ago.
这就是我们十年前工作过的那个村庄。
Do you know the reason why he is absent?
你知道他缺席的原因吗？三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词+关系代词”的构成及用法。2. “介词+关系代词”结构介词选用的三原则。
一般来说, 确定关系代词前的介词, 可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词的固定搭配；句子的意思。
3. from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构, 但也可以引导定语从句。
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.
我们站在山顶上, 从那儿我们可以看见这个城镇。四、特殊定语从句Great changes around us take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention. （分隔式定语从句, 先行词great changes与定语从句to which we pay little attention分隔）
We must believe in ourselves, which, in my opinion, is the most important in our life. （插入式定语从句, 关系代词which与从句其他成分之间有插入语in my opinion）
She had only $1. 87 with which to deal.
（省略式定语从句)【易错点1】误用定语从句关系词
1. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
【易错分析】本题易误选A或C。以为在定语从句中, themselves作主语they的同位语, 因此误认为see后面缺少宾语。【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从不同的角度认识自己的环境中对他们有好处。先行词是situation, 代入定语从句后为：they can see themselves differently in the situation。由此可以看出先行词在定语从句中作地点状语, 故用关系副词where。2. (2012·银川一模)Bob is in a hopeless situation, _______ we will keep a very close eye on.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
【易错分析】本题易误选B。一看到situation, 就受思维定势的影响误用where。
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：鲍勃陷入了绝望的境地, 这一点我们要密切注意。非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语, 故用which。where和when均为关系副词, 在定语从句中分别作地点状语和时间状语；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。3. (2012·太原模拟)—I can never forget the day _______ we spent together in the summer camp.
—Well, especially the day _______ it suddenly began to rain in the middle of the night.
A. when; when B. which; when
C. what; that D. on which; when【易错分析】本题易误选A或D。以为先行词是the day, 定语从句中就一定使用关系副词when或on which来引导。
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：——我永远不会忘记我们在夏令营一起度过的日子。——尤其是那天午夜突然下雨的时候。本题两空都引导定语从句, 第一空在从句中作spend的宾语, 用that/which；第二空在从句中作状语, 用when。【思路点拨】
(1)解答此类题目的关键是分清定语从句的句子成分, 看看定语从句中缺少主语、宾语还是状语。
(2)当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage等时, 后面的定语从句的使用有两种情况：①当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时用which或that引导；②当定语从句不缺少主语或宾语时用where引导。
We’ll see a case where the music could cure people.
我们将会看到音乐能治愈疾病的情况。The case that/which she explained was common.
她解释的情况是常见的。
(3) 表示时间、地点、原因的先行词作定语从句的主语、宾语或表语时, 应用that或which, 作宾语时which或that可以省略。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.
我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。
I’ll never forget the days (that/which)I spent with my teacher.
我永远不会忘记和老师在一起度过的那些日子。【易错点2】误判从句类型
4. It is known to us that it was such great efforts _______ all the Chinese men’s gymnastics athletes had made _______ helped them win the defending champion in the 2012 London Olympic Games.
A. as；that B. that；which
C. that；as D. which；which
【易错分析】本题易误选B。以为第一空中的that和前面的such构成such. . . that. . . 引导的结果状语从句。【解析】选A。考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：众所周知, 是中国全体男子体操运动员的努力帮助他们在2012年伦敦奥运会上获得卫冕冠军。第一空为定语从句的引导词, 并在定语从句中作made的宾语且先行词前有such, 因此用as；第二空用that与前面的it was构成强调句型it was. . . that. . . , 强调主语such great efforts。5. _______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【易错分析】本题易误选A或D。以为it为形式主语, 而误选A。实际上, 如果选A, 题干需改为：_______is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress. ; 如果选D项, 那么题干又该改为_______ is reported in the newspapers is that talks between the two countries are making progress. 。【解析】选B。句意：正如报纸上报道的那样, 两国间的会谈正在取得进展。as引导位于句首的非限制性定语从句, 指代主句talks between the two countries are making progress的内容。6. —Where did you watch the national flag being raised last Monday morning?
—It was on the square _______ we flew kites sometimes.
A. which B. that
C. to which D. where
【易错分析】本题易误选B。以为是强调句型, 但实际上答语是省略句, 省略了强调句的that部分, 完整的句子为It was on the square where we flew kites sometimes that we watched the national flag being raised last Monday morning. 。【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：——上星期一早晨, 你在哪儿看见升国旗的？——在我们有时放风筝的那个广场上。空格处引导的定语从句修饰先行词the square, 从句中缺少地点状语, 故用where。【思路点拨】
(1)解答此类题目的关键是分清从句的类型, 判断从句是名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句还是强调句型。
(2)牢记各种从句的引导词, 注重从句的句子成分的分析是解决此类问题的重要方法。(3)so/such. . . as引导定语从句, as为关系代词, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 而so/such. . . that. . . 引导结果状语从句, that为连词, 在状语从句中不作成分。
The stone was so heavy as no one could move. （as引导定语从句, as在从句中作move的宾语）
The stone was so heavy that no one could move it. （so. . . that. . . 引导结果状语从句, move的宾语是it）