阅读理解
技巧 1 运用规则突破词汇观
1. (2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读 A)Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to
stay in a hostel ( 旅 社 ). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and
for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
21.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel？
A．Comfort. B．Security.
C．Price. D．Location.
【解析】根据题干指向，快速查阅原文，可以定位信息出处。但是 pricey 这个词并不在课标词
汇范围内，根据构词法并和选项比对，可以判断 pricey 和选项中的 price 为同根词。根据同义
转述原则，可以判断出 pricey 的含义为“价格高的”，因此可以推断出正确选项。
【答案】C
策略一 运用构词法——扩大词汇圈
新课标对构词法提出了明确的要求：了解词汇的词根、词缀，掌握词性变化规律，在语境
中，理解具体词语的功能、词义的内涵和外延，运用构词法，扩充词汇量。所以运用词根和词
缀串联记单词，能够帮助考生迅速扩大词汇圈，有效地理解有关主题的信息和观点。
英语构词法主要有三种：
派生法：一个词根加上前缀或者后缀构成另外一个词。一般来说，词根决定词义，前缀改
变单词的含义，后缀改变单词的词性。
合成法：两个词或更多的词合成一个词。
转化法：一种词性转化成另外一种或几种词性，即常见的熟词生义或旧词新意。
策略二 强化词块意识——构建有效语义网
根据新课标要求，考生除了要更深入地理解和更广泛地应用已学词汇外，还要重点培养语
境中的词块意识。为了提高理解效率，不能单纯依靠单词词义的英汉对应，
而是要结合具体主题、在特定语境下进行综合性的理解，所以要运用有效的语义网，迁移
词语运用能力，将内化的语块能力应用到阅读理解中。
1. 猜 single-use 词义
(2021·全国卷乙阅读 C)Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds
massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re examine their relationship to
single use plastic products.
2. 猜 packed up 词义
(2021·全国卷甲阅读 C)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at
Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city
except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.
Until I made a discovery.
技巧 2 一划(二括)“三会意”分析长难句
1.翻译句子
Another institution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyze hundreds of simulations
of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world.
【解析】本句主干是 Another institution will analyze aerosol injection；
funded 是过去分词作定语修饰 institution，意思是资助；
Testing 是现在分词作伴随状语，
【答案】另一个由美国国家科学基金会资助的机构将分析数百个气溶胶喷射的模拟，测试其对
世界各地极端天气的影响。
【语法链接】have effect/influence/impact on 对...有影响
Her words had a magical effect on us.
她的话对我们有一种魔力般的作用。
The crisis had a negative effect on trade.
这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。
一划: 划主干(trunk), 给主谓宾.(S.V.O.)划____.
二括: 给修饰语（介短, 非谓和从句等）加( )。
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，逻辑关系要注意。
1. 翻译句子： The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just
enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
2. 翻译句子： One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols( 气 溶 胶 ）into the upper layer of
the atmosphere, where those particles reflect sunlight away, from the earth.
技巧 3 分析语篇结构 攻克说明文
1 . 问题解决型（Problem-Solution Pattern）
①Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow
uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each
week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not
just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and
Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
Para. 1 情境 (situation)
问题 (problem) （+科技背景信息
②HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years,
Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a
solution (解决方案) . “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says
Florence Gold, a project manager.
③“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other
than‘Are you working towards your goal ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of
year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at
time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Para. 2-3 反应/解决 (response/ solution)
④Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.
“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria Gordon
says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test
in space.
Para. 4 评价/结果 (evaluation/ result)
(A)1. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station 问题 (problem)
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
(D)2. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program 反应/解决 (response/ solution)
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education
(A)3. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program 反应/解决 (response/ solution)
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
(B)4. What is the best title for the text 评价/结果 (evaluation/ result)
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts. B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom. D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform
2. 现象分析型
①California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and
climate change seems to be a major factor. (topic sentence) Para 1 factor/cause
② The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square
miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to
the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big
trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Para 2 phenomenon/ situation
③ Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of
the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control
has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
④But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001
and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in
wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
⑤The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The
researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in
comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of
soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
⑥Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising
temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply
available to trees during the dry season.
Para 3-6 factors/causes
(A)27. What is the second paragraph mainly about phenomenon/ situation
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
(D)28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees factors/causes
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
(C)29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre factors/causes
A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
(A)30. What can be a suitable title for the text topic sentence
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
3. 研究发现型
1 Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills
might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology
suggests. Finding
2 Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers
who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of
tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months
to take the same sorts of tests. Test (subject; method; process)
3 Those who had held mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive function at a much slower rate than those with the least
mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’
overall health status. Test (result)
4“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run,
you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work —
sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”
5 It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A
waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as
stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level
planning and coordinating, ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.” Analysis
6 Of course, our brain can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other
environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping
your mind busy can only help. Extension (suggestions; methods)
(D)28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests Test (subject; method; process)
A. To assess their health status.B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality.D. To measure their mental ability.
(B)29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4 Analysis
A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
(C)30. Which of the following is the best title for the text Finding
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
4. 正面论证
①Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing
machine Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes 提出论点
②It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real
impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 总体危害
③The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the
Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try
to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing
sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies. 正面论证危害(1）
④ Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the
international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This
has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and
Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps
giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making
more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop
computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more
important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term
costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. 正面论证危害(2）
⑤In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the
technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world".
As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening
today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.
Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on
cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. 正面论证危害(3）
⑥Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the
national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our
fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all
sorts of wrong directions. 呼应论点
(D )61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.总体危害
A. a lack of confidence in technology
B a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions
D. a waste of limited resources
(A) 62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.正面论证危害（2）
A. take people's essential needs into account
B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support
D provide more affordable internet facilities
(B )63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations 正面论证危害（3）
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
(B) 64. What can we learn from the passage 呼应论点
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.
5. 正反论证
①During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed
me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean
girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and
playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. 铺垫论点
② Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical
psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’
plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped
early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:
status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 提出论点
③Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those
who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to
engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.” 反面论证
④In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked,
the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked
teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It
clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
反面论证
⑤Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing,
kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others..
正面论证
⑥In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related
to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for
learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 正面论证
(C) 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
(A )33.What is the second paragraph mainly about 提出论点
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
(B) 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids 正面论证
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
(A )35. What is the best title for the text 提炼论点
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
基础夯实
阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：
①标志类、指示类的信息。
a.表示并列关系:and;also;coupled with 等
b.表示转折关系:but;yet;however;by contrast 等
c.表示因果关系:therefor;thereby;consequently;as a result 等
d.表示递进关系:in addition to;even;what'more;furthermore 等
e.表示重要性的词: prime;above all;first 等
以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握
②具有感彩显示作者态度的词:blind 盲目的(贬)excessively 过分的
【题型分析】
【题型一强调 /倒装加强表达力度】
1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.
2. Where was it that you found your lost pen
3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.
4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.
5. Outsides were two men.
【题型二使用比较级】
1.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
2.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
3.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a
great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
4.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic
foods instead.
【题型三转折对比强化句式】
1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food.
Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of
them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.
2. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external
fat.
3. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of
peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）
4. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see
it that way.
5. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes
an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；
fortunately 幸运地)
【题型四分类说明】
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who
have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the "pears" have less internal fat,
but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.
【题型五原因结果突出】
1. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of
peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. ...
2. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have
contributed to the pollution problem.
3. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are
difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）
4. …the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave
cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）
5. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how
short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,…Second, by trying to escape from present
interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves.
模拟演练
1
Students in Washington, D. C. , will return to classrooms this month to begin a new school year. But at least
five percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told
two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay.
The school system dismissed seventy-five teachers last year. It was the first year of a new teacher rating
system. Experts say such large numbers of dismissals are rare in American schools. But in Washington the rating
system is not governed by the labor contract (劳务合同) with teachers union. So school officials have more
freedom. The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty
minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores.
Emily Cohen, a policy director, says the National Council supports the IMPACT system She says, “This is an
evaluation method that is finally able to find who is highly effective and who is ineffective.” Michelle Rhee created
the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled
school system in the nation’s capital.
Some Washington teachers say their rating depend too heavily on test scores. For some teachers, half of their
rating is based on how well their students do. But Emily Cohen says test scores are important. “Testing is probably
one of the-it’s the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. So it’s not just looking at student test
performance, it is using other sources of data.”
Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in the school
system and improved. School officials say these teachers received help to become better.
1. We can infer from paragraph l and 2 that________.
A. there are more than 3000 teachers in Washington, D. C
B. this is the first year that teachers are fired
C. such a large number of dismissals is very common in American schools
D. schools officials in Washington, D. C have more rights to dismiss teachers
2. The teachers’ ratings depend on________.
A. the test scores the students get
B. their relationship with school officials
C. test scores and other sources of data
D. how well their students perform in the class
3. The author’s attitude towards the IMPACT system is________.
A. objective B. positive C. negative D. questioning
4. The best title for the text might be________.
A. New School Year B. The IMPACT System
C. Teachers Are Dismissed D. Students’ Test Scores
2
Good Morning Britain weather girl Laura Tobin left her co-hosts and viewers speechless after she accidentally
tore a rare Superhero poster worth about 150,000 live on air.
To mark the start of comic book and sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con, Laura was tasked with showing
rare magazines and expensive collection. She informed the audience: “We’ve got a very special display here called
The Replicator Man. This was a character back in the 1970s. This is a special poster that is worth about 150,000
and there are only ten of them in the world.” Laura was seen telling viewers at home about the history of the comic
book poster (连环画海报). Handling the image, Laura continued: “No one’s really seen this before.”
She attempted to pick up the picture in order to “get a closer look”. “I’ve got my gloves on but I’m feeling
really nervous because it is said the oils can really spoil them.” As she tried to remove the picture from the display
board, it tore in half and Laura screamed: “Oh my goodness! Is this the original one that’s worth 150.000 ”
The set fell silent and the presenters weren’t quite sure how to react after the awkward moment. Fellow Good
Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didn’t know how to react to the “mishap”.
“My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves ” Laura pletely unaware of the joke, co-host
Richard Arnold threw his hand to his face and said: “We are making this up, right ” He added: “I’m a bag of nerves
now, Laura.”
Meanwhile, newsreader Ranvir Singh said: “We’ve probably got some insurance that covers this.” While
panicked, Charlotte Hawkins looked around the studio and said: “Can we just glue that back down again Can we
go to an advertisement ”
Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally revealed: “Guys—it was a joke! It’s
not really worth 150,000. It’s worth nothing!” She then took much delight in tearing the rest of the picture into
tiny pieces.
5. Which is the right order of the happening according to the passage
a. Laura’s colleagues were at a loss b. the poster was completely ruined
c. Laura was blaming the gloves d. Laura tore the poster
A. a-b-d-c B. a-d-b-c C. d-a-c-b D. d-c-a-b
6. It can be inferred that Laura________.
A. organized the start of a sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con
B. felt really nervous so she decided to wear a pair of white gloves
C. had bought some rare memorabilia about the Replicator Man
D. successfully conducted a trick on her colleagues in a program
7. The underlined word “mishap” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by________.
A. accident B. piece C. girl D. program
8. The underlined sentence in Para 5 passes us the message that________.
A. Richard Arnold didn’t want people to recognize him
B. Richard Arnold tried to hide his anxiety
C. Richard Arnold wanted to give himself a good beat
D. Richard Arnold couldn’t help laughing
3
For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional
dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in
the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment
The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals
used to remove the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home, says Katy
Gresh, spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. She
advises car owners to put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash. “It’s just like brushing your teeth, ”she
says. “You don’t want to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job.” But even following this
advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into
storm drains.
John Schombert is executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather. His organization works to educate the public
about storm sewers(下水道)and water runoff, keeping this untreated water from entering the Allegheny region’s
waterways. “We ask people to consider washing their cars on lawns or other permeable(透水的)surfaces where the
water gets absorbed, ” Schombert says. “Soil can break down and help filter(过滤)those things,” Schombert says.
“Storm sewers are not made for waste disposal.” Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars, which
Schombert says are probably ineffective at breaking down grease anyway.
The commercial car wash down the street knows full well the rules regarding waste water in storm sewers.
According to the International Carwash Association(ICA), professional car washes must use water reclamation
systems. These mandated processes not only keep the dirty water out of storm sewers and regular water treatment
systems, but they also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.
9. What does the underlined word probably mean in the first paragraph
A. top B. bottom
C. inside D. outside
10. What worries people when they have their cars washed
A. The dirt cannot be removed easily.
B. Large quantities of water are wasted.
C. The washing ways do no good to their cars.
D. D The used chemicals are harmless to the environment.
11. What’s the disadvantage of washing cars at home
A. It is not easy to deal with.
B. It cannot clean the dirt completely.
C. It consumes a larger amount of water.
D. It does much damage to the environment.
12. What can be the best title of the text
A. Do You Put Car washing at Risk
B. Which Is Better: Car Wash or DIY
C. Why Dishwashers Are Better than Hand Washing
D. Do Americans Use Less Water than They Did Years Ago
4
We are not who we think we are.
The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a
land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable—a place where
brains, energy and ambition are what count, not the circumstances of one’s birth.
The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic
fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income
of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: The “rags to riches” story is much more
common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the
very bottom move to the top.
That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom of the study sample, in terms
of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top. Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into
that lowest are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.
It is noted that even in Britain—a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound ( 守旧的 ) class
system—children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the studies were released, most
reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are
earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.
One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three
decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for
African-Americans.
The picture that emerges from all the correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, over all, “the current
generation of adults is better off than the previous one”, as one of the studies notes.
The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children’s median
family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising ride has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have
seen far greater income gains than the poor.
Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity gets little supper: from the data.
Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is “stickiness at the end”—four
out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out of ten who are born rich will stay rich.
13. What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research
A. Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top.
B. Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches.
C. The rags to riches story is more fiction than reality.
D. The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites.
14. It can be inferred from the writer that America, as a classless society, should ________.
A. perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity
B. have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain
C. enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employment
D. encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. The US is a land where brains, energy and ambition are what count.
B. Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains.
C. Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered.
D. Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder.
16. What might be the best title for this passage
A. Social Upward Mobility in America B. Incredible Income Gains in America
C. America: Land of Unequal Wealth D. America: Not Land of Opportunity for all
5
One after another telecommunications giants have announced their latest fifth generation (5G) products. They
have also claimed that 5G technology would be used on a massive scale by 2020. Yet, when reporting about 5G,
many domestic media have described it as a"much faster" technology than 4G without mentioning any of its other
advantages. As a result. the common public view about 5G is that they could "download a HD movie within one
second". Beyond that, most people know nothing about 5G.
Actually, 5G technology has many more advantages than 4G apart from speed. According to the criteria of
3GPP, an international standardization organization, 5G technology can be used for at least three
purposes—connecting everything, reliability of connections, and eliminating delays.
“Connecting everything” is an appropriate slogan for 5G technology, without which the Internet of Things
would be impossible. 5G would enable one server to connect to multiple terminals, and thus establish high-speed
coordination among them, and help the chips inside the terminals timely react to meet people’s needs. Take
autonomous vehicles for example, they are mature technology products. Self-driving cars combine a variety of
sensors, such as radar, computer vision, and GPS to identify navigation paths and obstacles. 5G technology will
link all the elements of a transportation system, such as traffic lights, cameras and, of course, cars to establish
perfect coordination so they can avoid obstacles and move on navigation paths, which will help strengthen
self-driving technology.
Reliability of connections is another essential characteristic of 5G technology, whose use can be extended to
other fields where high safety standards are required. For instance, in certain surgeries, surgeons insert nano-robots
inside a patient’s body and have to maintain constant control over the robots to ensure they perform their functions
and do not cause any harm to the patient. This is a technology that can be of great help, as it can establish
reliable and continuous connections between the monitor and the nano-robots.
17. Which of the following can serve as an example of "connecting everything"
A. Improvement of smart phone signals. B. Decrease in telecommunication cost.
C. High speed in playing computer games. D. Online tests for all members at the same time.
18. Why can 5G be used in the fields with high safety standards
A. It can attract most eyeballs on a massive scale.
B. It can provide dependable and constant service.
C. It offers massive machine types of communication.
D. It employs 4G base stations and occupies less space.
19. What will the author most probably discuss in the following paragraph
A. Eliminating delays. B. 5G network capacity
C. Disadvantages of 5G D. Building 5G base stations
20. What would be the best title for the passage
A. 5G Technology: More than about High Speed
B. 5G Technology Will Shape the Future of Connectivity
C. Telecom Giants Work Together to Better 5G Technology
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of 5G Technology and Products
6
It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in
1964, a Boeing KC-135 refuelling tanker, based on the 707. But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students
from Europe and USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.
For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the
invitation of the European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be
conducted in weightless conditions.
For the next two hours the Boeings flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lost its reason,
shooting upwards towards the heavens before moving down towards Earth. The intention was to achieve
weightlessness for a few seconds.
The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on
anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45-degree
climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut out and we became weightless. Everything became
confused, and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (下降) the
pilot pulled aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but it was still sudden
enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.
Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it
was the Dutch, who wanted to discover why cats always land on their feet. Then it was the German team, who
conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future
space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.
After two hours of going up and down in the plane doing experiments, the dominant feeling was one of
excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one that would
be keen to repeat.
21. What did the pilot do with the plane
A. He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.
B. He climbed and then made the plane turn over.
C. He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.
D. He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.
22. What was the point of being weightless
A. To show the judges of the competition what they could do.
B. To prepare the young scientists for future work in space.
C. To see what conditions are like in space.
D. To allow the teams to try out their ideas.
23. The pronoun “it” (in the last paragraph) refers to ________.
A. the excitement B. the trip
C. the opportunity D. the plane
24. The passage is intended to ________.
A. report on a new scientific technique
B. encourage young people to take science
C. show scientists what young people can do
D. describe the outcome of a scientific competition
真题演练
阅读理解说明文、议论文
2022 年新高考 I 卷之 B 篇
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees
my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days.
Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last
year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的 )
produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry
them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include
the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
2022 年新高考 I 卷之 C 篇
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been
given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really
help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
2022 年新高考 I 卷之 D 篇
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking,
five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed
to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to
be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages
after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.
These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
2022 年新高考 II 卷之 C 篇
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a
wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising
sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an
old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer
to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted,
emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the
state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be
more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
2022 年新高考 II 卷之 D 篇
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most
people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start
even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry
and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the
heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser,
getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were
otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of
nonaerobic (无氧 ) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did
high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the
second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the
reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more
blood during exercise. ” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has
flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all. ”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start.
But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects
of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
14. What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
2022 年 1 月浙江卷之 B 篇
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has
long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world.
Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century
earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they
put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York
City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became
the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative
into an interesting one.
4. What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity
A. It is closely linked to the steam age.
B. It began earlier than proper thought.
C. It is a little-studied period of history.
D. It will come to an end sooner or later.
5. What can be inferred about Ned
A. He was born in New York City. B. He wrote many increasing stories,
C. He created an electricity company. D. He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6. What is the text
A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
2022 年 1 月浙江卷之 C 篇
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to
develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are
exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的） fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to
measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in
the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts
or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular
problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of
the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of
the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows
an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia
and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively
small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other
groups.
7. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph
A. Positive effects of doing exercises.
B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies on diseases.
D. Advantages of sporty woman over man
8. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise
A. To predict their maximum heart rate.
B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C. To change their habits of working out
D. To detect their potential health problems
9. What do we know about Dr Horder's study
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B. Data collection was a lengthy process.
C. Some participants withdrew from it.
D. The results were far from satisfactory.
10. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
2021 年新高考 I 卷之 C 篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
2021 年新高考 I 卷之 D 篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people
skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move
far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how
best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does
not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis ( 重视 ) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角 ) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
2021 年新高考 II 卷之 D 篇
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could
bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are
aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to
monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签)
on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape,
color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another
field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the
monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But
Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use
technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his
first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an
animal is gett阅读理解
技巧 1 运用规则突破词汇观
1. (2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读 A)Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to
stay in a hostel ( 旅 社 ). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and
for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
21.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel？
A．Comfort. B．Security.
C．Price. D．Location.
【解析】根据题干指向，快速查阅原文，可以定位信息出处。但是 pricey 这个词并不在课标词
汇范围内，根据构词法并和选项比对，可以判断 pricey 和选项中的 price 为同根词。根据同义
转述原则，可以判断出 pricey 的含义为“价格高的”，因此可以推断出正确选项。
【答案】C
策略一 运用构词法——扩大词汇圈
新课标对构词法提出了明确的要求：了解词汇的词根、词缀，掌握词性变化规律，在语境
中，理解具体词语的功能、词义的内涵和外延，运用构词法，扩充词汇量。所以运用词根和词
缀串联记单词，能够帮助考生迅速扩大词汇圈，有效地理解有关主题的信息和观点。
英语构词法主要有三种：
派生法：一个词根加上前缀或者后缀构成另外一个词。一般来说，词根决定词义，前缀改
变单词的含义，后缀改变单词的词性。
合成法：两个词或更多的词合成一个词。
转化法：一种词性转化成另外一种或几种词性，即常见的熟词生义或旧词新意。
策略二 强化词块意识——构建有效语义网
根据新课标要求，考生除了要更深入地理解和更广泛地应用已学词汇外，还要重点培养语
境中的词块意识。为了提高理解效率，不能单纯依靠单词词义的英汉对应，
而是要结合具体主题、在特定语境下进行综合性的理解，所以要运用有效的语义网，迁移
词语运用能力，将内化的语块能力应用到阅读理解中。
1. 猜 single-use 词义
(2021·全国卷乙阅读 C)Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds
massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re examine their relationship to
single use plastic products.
【解析】总览全文可知，文章讲述了塑料污染问题，其中特别强调的就是“single-use”的塑料
制品。根据构词法可知这是一个合成词，single 为形容词，意为“单一的”，use 为名词，意为
“使用”，因此合成之后意为“单次使用的”。
【答案】单次使用的
2. 猜 packed up 词义
(2021·全国卷甲阅读 C)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at
Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city
except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.
Until I made a discovery.
【解析】本文讲述了作者在伦敦度过的童年时光。语篇中出现的语块都描述了作者搬家及搬家
后不适应的情况。pack up 意为“收拾行李”； settle into 意为“安顿”；feel at a loss 意为“不
知所措”；out of place 意为“格格不入”。如果能够充分把握以上语块，那么就能更准确地把握
作者的经历和情绪。
【答案】收拾行李
技巧 2 一划(二括)“三会意”分析长难句
1.翻译句子
Another institution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyze hundreds of simulations
of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world.
【解析】本句主干是 Another institution will analyze aerosol injection；
funded 是过去分词作定语修饰 institution，意思是资助；
Testing 是现在分词作伴随状语，
【答案】另一个由美国国家科学基金会资助的机构将分析数百个气溶胶喷射的模拟，测试其对
世界各地极端天气的影响。
【语法链接】have effect/influence/impact on 对...有影响
Her words had a magical effect on us.
她的话对我们有一种魔力般的作用。
The crisis had a negative effect on trade.
这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。
一划: 划主干(trunk), 给主谓宾.(S.V.O.)划__
二括: 给修饰语（介短, 非谓和从句等）加( )。
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，逻辑关系要注意。
1. 翻译句子： The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just
enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
【解析】主语为 The right level of background noise；本句的主干为：The right level of background
noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking
句中的 just enough 修饰 interrupt; to allow our imaginations to wander 是不定式短语作结
果状语；without making it impossible to focus 是介词短语作结果状语
【答案】适度的背景噪音可能会打断我们正常的思维模式，其程度正好足以使我们展开想象力，
但又不至于使我们无法集中注意力。
2. 翻译句子： One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols( 气 溶 胶 ）into the upper layer of
the atmosphere, where those particles reflect sunlight away, from the earth.
【解析】where 引导的是定语从句，在从句中充当地点状语，指的是 in the atmosphere。
【答案】一种冷却地球的方法是将气溶胶注入大气层的上层，在那里这些粒子将太阳光从地球
反射出去。
【语法链接】Where 引导定语从句
先行词是表示“地点”或任何含有“抽象地点意义”的名词用 where 引导定语从句。
We will discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language
preperly.
He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose
the control of his car.
But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship（状语从句） that results from
an action（定语从句） where the wrongdoes takes no responsibility to fix the mistake（定语从句）.
技巧 3 分析语篇结构 攻克说明文
1 . 问题解决型（Problem-Solution Pattern）
①Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow
uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each
week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not
just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and
Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
Para. 1 情境 (situation)
问题 (problem) （+科技背景信息
②HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years,
Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a
solution (解决方案) . “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says
Florence Gold, a project manager.
③“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other
than‘Are you working towards your goal ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of
year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at
time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Para. 2-3 反应/解决 (response/ solution)
④Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.
“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria Gordon
says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test
in space.
Para. 4 评价/结果 (evaluation/ result)
(A)1. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station . 问题 (problem)
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
(D)2. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program 反应/解决 (response/ solution)
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education
(A)3. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program 反应/解决 (response/ solution)
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
(B)4. What is the best title for the text 评价/结果 (evaluation/ result)
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts. B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom. D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform
2. 现象分析型
①California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and
climate change seems to be a major factor. (topic sentence) Para 1 factor/cause
② The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square
miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to
the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big
trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Para 2 phenomenon/ situation
③ Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of
the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control
has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
④But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001
and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in
wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
⑤The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The
researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in
comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of
soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
⑥Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising
temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply
available to trees during the dry season.
Para 3-6 factors/causes
(A)27. What is the second paragraph mainly about phenomenon/ situation
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
(D)28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees factors/causes
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
(C)29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre factors/causes
A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
(A)30. What can be a suitable title for the text topic sentence
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
3. 研究发现型
1 Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills
might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology
suggests. Finding
2 Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers
who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of
tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months
to take the same sorts of tests. Test (subject; method; process)
3 Those who had held mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive function at a much slower rate than those with the least
mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’
overall health status. Test (result)
4“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run,
you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work —
sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”
5 It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A
waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as
stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level
planning and coordinating, ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.” Analysis
6 Of course, our brain can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons — including other
environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping
your mind busy can only help. Extension (suggestions; methods)
(D)28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests Test (subject; method; process)
A. To assess their health status.B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality.D. To measure their mental ability.
(B)29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4 Analysis
A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
(C)30. Which of the following is the best title for the text Finding
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
4. 正面论证
①Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing
machine Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes 提出论点
②It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real
impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 总体危害
③The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the
Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try
to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing
sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies. 正面论证危害(1）
④ Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the
international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This
has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and
Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps
giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making
more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a laptop
computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more
important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term
costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money. 正面论证危害(2）
⑤In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the
technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world".
As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening
today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.
Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on
cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. 正面论证危害(3）
⑥Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the
national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our
fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all
sorts of wrong directions. 呼应论点
(D) 61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.总体危害
A. a lack of confidence in technology
B a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions
D. a waste of limited resources
(A )62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.正面论证危害（2）
A. take people's essential needs into account
B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support
D provide more affordable internet facilities
(B )63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations 正面论证危害（3）
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
(B) 64. What can we learn from the passage 呼应论点
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.
5. 正反论证
①During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed
me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean
girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and
playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. 铺垫论点
② Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical
psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’
plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped
early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:
status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 提出论点
③Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those
who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to
engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.” 反面论证
④In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked,
the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked
teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It
clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
反面论证
⑤Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing,
kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others..
正面论证
⑥In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related
to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for
learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 正面论证
(C) 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
(A )33.What is the second paragraph mainly about 提出论点
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
(B) 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids 正面论证
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
(A )35. What is the best title for the text 提炼论点
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
基础夯实
阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：
①标志类、指示类的信息。
a.表示并列关系:and;also;coupled with 等
b.表示转折关系:but;yet;however;by contrast 等
c.表示因果关系:therefor;thereby;consequently;as a result 等
d.表示递进关系:in addition to;even;what'more;furthermore 等
e.表示重要性的词: prime;above all;first 等
以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握
②具有感彩显示作者态度的词:blind 盲目的(贬)excessively 过分的
【题型分析】
【题型一强调 /倒装加强表达力度】
1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.
2. Where was it that you found your lost pen
3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.
4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.
5. Outsides were two men.
【题型二使用比较级】
1.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
2.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
3.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a
great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
4.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic
foods instead.
【题型三转折对比强化句式】
1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food.
Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of
them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.
2. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external
fat.
3. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of
peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）
4. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see
it that way.
5. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes
an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately
不幸地；fortunately 幸运地)
【题型四分类说明】
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who
have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the "pears" have less internal fat,
but the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.
【题型五原因结果突出】
1. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of
peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. ...
2. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have
contributed to the pollution problem.
3. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are
difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）
4. …the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave
cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）
5. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how
short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,…Second, by trying to escape from present
interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves.
模拟演练
1
Students in Washington, D. C. , will return to classrooms this month to begin a new school year. But at least
five percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told
two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay.
The school system dismissed seventy-five teachers last year. It was the first year of a new teacher rating
system. Experts say such large numbers of dismissals are rare in American schools. But in Washington the rating
system is not governed by the labor contract (劳务合同 ) with teachers union. So school officials have more
freedom. The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty
minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores.
Emily Cohen, a policy director, says the National Council supports the IMPACT system She says, “This is an
evaluation method that is finally able to find who is highly effective and who is ineffective.” Michelle Rhee created
the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled
school system in the nation’s capital.
Some Washington teachers say their rating depend too heavily on test scores. For some teachers, half of their
rating is based on how well their students do. But Emily Cohen says test scores are important. “Testing is probably
one of the-it’s the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. So it’s not just looking at student test
performance, it is using other sources of data.”
Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in the school
system and improved. School officials say these teachers received help to become better.
1. We can infer from paragraph l and 2 that________.
A. there are more than 3000 teachers in Washington, D. C
B. this is the first year that teachers are fired
C. such a large number of dismissals is very common in American schools
D. schools officials in Washington, D. C have more rights to dismiss teachers
2. The teachers’ ratings depend on________.
A. the test scores the students get
B. their relationship with school officials
C. test scores and other sources of data
D. how well their students perform in the class
3. The author’s attitude towards the IMPACT system is________.
A. objective B. positive C. negative D. questioning
4. The best title for the text might be________.
A. New School Year B. The IMPACT System
C. Teachers Are Dismissed D. Students’ Test Scores
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了华盛顿学校实施新的教师评估系统——IMPACT 系统，不够好的教
师将被解雇，不能留下来。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told two hundred six teachers
that they are not good enough to stay. (上个月，哥伦比亚特区的公立学校告诉 206 名教师，他们不够好，不
能留下来)”和第二段中“But in Washington the rating system is not governed by the labor contract (劳务合同) with
teachers union. So school officials have more freedom. (但在华盛顿，评分系统并不受与教师工会签订的劳动合
同的约束。所以学校官员有更多的自由)”可知，华盛顿特区的学校官员有更多的权利解雇教师。故选 D 项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times
a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores. (该系统称为 IMPACT。教
师每年在教室里被观察五次，每次至少 30 分钟。他们也由学生的考试成绩来判断)”和倒数第二段中““Testing
is probably one of the-it’s the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. So it’s not just looking at
student test performance, it is using other sources of data.”(“测试可能是我们掌握的关于教师表现的最客观的数
据之一。所以它不只是考察学生的考试成绩，还使用了其他数据来源。”)”可知，教师的评分取决于学生的
考试分数和其他数据来源。故选 C 项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Michelle Rhee created the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her
aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled school system in the nation’s capital. (Michelle Rhee 创建了
IMPACT 系统。当她引领美国首都陷入困境的学校系统时，她积极的改革努力赢得了全国的关注)”和最后一
段中 “Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in the school
system and improved. (在去年被评为“低效”的教师中，有近 60%的人留在了学校系统并得到了改善)”可知，
作者对 IMPACT 系统的态度是客观的。故选 A 项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But at least five percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the
District of Columbia public schools told two hundred six teachers that they are not good enough to stay. (但至少有
5%的老师不会和他们一起回来。上个月，哥伦比亚特区的公立学校告诉 206 名教师，他们不够好，不能留
下来)”和第二段中“The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at
least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores. (该系统称为 IMPACT。教师每年在教
室里被观察五次，每次至少 30 分钟。他们也由学生的考试成绩来判断)”以及下文的相关描述，可知，本文
主要介绍了华盛顿学校实施新的教师评估系统——IMPACT 系统，因此本文的最佳标题选项 B“IMPACT 系
统”符合题意。故选 B 项。
2
Good Morning Britain weather girl Laura Tobin left her co-hosts and viewers speechless after she accidentally
tore a rare Superhero poster worth about 150,000 live on air.
To mark the start of comic book and sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con, Laura was tasked with showing
rare magazines and expensive collection. She informed the audience: “We’ve got a very special display here
called The Replicator Man. This was a character back in the 1970s. This is a special poster that is worth about
150,000 and there are only ten of them in the world.” Laura was seen telling viewers at home about the history of
the comic book poster (连环画海报). Handling the image, Laura continued: “No one’s really seen this before.”
She attempted to pick up the picture in order to “get a closer look”. “I’ve got my gloves on but I’m feeling
really nervous because it is said the oils can really spoil them.” As she tried to remove the picture from the display
board, it tore in half and Laura screamed: “Oh my goodness! Is this the original one that’s worth 150.000 ”
The set fell silent and the presenters weren’t quite sure how to react after the awkward moment. Fellow Good
Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didn’t know how to react to the “mishap”.
“My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves ” Laura pletely unaware of the joke, co-host
Richard Arnold threw his hand to his face and said: “We are making this up, right ” He added: “I’m a bag of nerves
now, Laura.”
Meanwhile, newsreader Ranvir Singh said: “We’ve probably got some insurance that covers this.” While
panicked, Charlotte Hawkins looked around the studio and said: “Can we just glue that back down again Can we
go to an advertisement ”
Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally revealed: “Guys—it was a joke! It’s
not really worth 150,000. It’s worth nothing!” She then took much delight in tearing the rest of the picture into
tiny pieces.
5. Which is the right order of the happening according to the passage
a. Laura’s colleagues were at a loss b. the poster was completely ruined
c. Laura was blaming the gloves d. Laura tore the poster
A. a-b-d-c B. a-d-b-c C. d-a-c-b D. d-c-a-b
6. It can be inferred that Laura________.
A. organized the start of a sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con
B. felt really nervous so she decided to wear a pair of white gloves
C. had bought some rare memorabilia about the Replicator Man
D. successfully conducted a trick on her colleagues in a program
7. The underlined word “mishap” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by________.
A. accident B. piece C. girl D. program
8. The underlined sentence in Para 5 passes us the message that________.
A. Richard Arnold didn’t want people to recognize him
B. Richard Arnold tried to hide his anxiety
C. Richard Arnold wanted to give himself a good beat
D. Richard Arnold couldn’t help laughing
【答案】5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了《早安英国》天气预报员 Laura Tobin 在一个节目直播时不小心
撕毁了一张罕见的超级英雄海报，成功地捉弄了她的同事，这令这让其他主持人和观众们哑口无语。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half and Laura
screamed: “Oh my goodness! Is this the original one that’s worth 150.000 ”(当她试图把画从展示板上拿下来时，
画被撕成了两半，劳拉尖叫道：“哦，我的天哪!这就是那幅价值 15 万英镑的原画吗 ”)”可知 d 是第一个；
第四段中“Fellow Good Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didn’t know how
to react to the “mishap”. (《早安英国》的主持人 Charlotte Hawkins 和 Ranvir Singh(在她右边)不知道如何应对
“意外”)”可知 a 是第二个；第五段中““My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves ” Laura cried. (“我的
心都快跳出来了。是因为手套吗 ”劳拉哭了)”可知 c 是第三个；以及最后一段中“She then took much delight in
tearing the rest of the picture into tiny pieces. (然后，她非常高兴地把画的其余部分撕成小碎片)”可知 b 是最后
一个。因此顺序为 d-a-c-b。故选 C 项。
6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally
revealed: “Guys—it was a joke! It’s not really worth 150,000. It’s worth nothing!” (显然，Laura 很高兴自己能骗
过同事，她最终揭露了：“伙计们，这是个笑话!它不值 15 万英镑。它一文不值!”)”可知，Laura 在一个节目
中成功地捉弄了她的同事。故选 D 项。
7. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore in half (当她试图
把画从展示板上拿下来时，画被撕成了两半)”和第四段中“Fellow Good Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins
and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didn’t know how to react to the “mishap”. (《早安英国》的主持人 Charlotte
Hawkins 和 Ranvir Singh(在她右边)不知道如何应对 mishap)”Laura 把画撕成了两半可知，此时她的两个同事
应该是不知道如何应对这个意外，因此猜测划线词 mishap 意为“意外”，因此可用 accident 代替。故选 A 项。
8. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Completely unaware of the joke, co-host Richard Arnold threw his hand to his face
and said: “We are making this up, right ” He added: “I’m a bag of nerves now, Laura.”(搭档主持 Richard
Arnold 完全没有意识到这个玩笑，他用手捂住他的脸说：“我们会修补这个的，对吧 ”他补充说：“劳拉，
我现在非常紧张。”)”由 Richard Arnold 说自己现在非常紧张，可知，面对这个意外，Richard Arnold 一时间
没办法面对，因此 Richard Arnold 试图（用手）掩饰自己的焦虑。故选 B 项。
3
For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional
dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in
the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment
The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals
used to remove the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home, says Katy
Gresh, spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. She
advises car owners to put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash. “It’s just like brushing your teeth, ”she
says. “You don’t want to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job.” But even following this
advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into
storm drains.
John Schombert is executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather. His organization works to educate the public
about storm sewers(下水道)and water runoff, keeping this untreated water from entering the Allegheny region’s
waterways. “We ask people to consider washing their cars on lawns or other permeable(透水的)surfaces where the
water gets absorbed, ” Schombert says. “Soil can break down and help filter(过滤)those things,” Schombert says.
“Storm sewers are not made for waste disposal.” Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars, which
Schombert says are probably ineffective at breaking down grease anyway.
The commercial car wash down the street knows full well the rules regarding waste water in storm sewers.
According to the International Carwash Association(ICA), professional car washes must use water reclamation
systems. These mandated processes not only keep the dirty water out of storm sewers and regular water treatment
systems, but they also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.
9. What does the underlined word probably mean in the first paragraph
A. top B. bottom
C. inside D. outside
10. What worries people when they have their cars washed
A. The dirt cannot be removed easily.
B. Large quantities of water are wasted.
C. The washing ways do no good to their cars.
D. D The used chemicals are harmless to the environment.
11. What’s the disadvantage of washing cars at home
A. It is not easy to deal with.
B. It cannot clean the dirt completely.
C. It consumes a larger amount of water.
D. It does much damage to the environment.
12. What can be the best title of the text
A. Do You Put Car washing at Risk
B. Which Is Better: Car Wash or DIY
C. Why Dishwashers Are Better than Hand Washing
D. Do Americans Use Less Water than They Did Years Ago
【答案】9. D 10. B 11. D 12. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哪一种洗车方法对环境更有益处：在家还是去洗车公司。
9. 词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子 “For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or
mountains, or at the very least some additional dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles.”可知，对于我们
中的许多人来说，夏天意味着去海滩或山上的公路旅行，或者至少意味着在我们车的 exterior 有一些灰尘和
鸟粪。结合句意和常识可知，灰尘和鸟粪通常在车的外部，即划线词意为 “外部，外面”，与 outside 同义。
故选 D。
10. 细节理解题。根据第二段中““It’s just like brushing your teeth,” she says, “You don’t want to leave the water
running of more than you need for the job.”（ “这就像刷牙一样，”她说，“你不想让水流得比所需的更
多。”）”可知，人们在外边洗车时担心会浪费掉更多的水。故选 B。
11. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your
car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.（但即使遵循这一建议，也会带来环境风险：
在车道或街道上洗车会将脏水冲进雨水沟）”可知，在家自己洗车的缺点是对环境有害处。故选 D。
12. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in the driveway
or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment （这些额外的脏东西会让我们做以下两
件事之一：在私人车道上洗车，还是去洗车处洗车。但是哪种选择对环境更好呢？）
”结合下文对两种方法优缺点的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了在专业洗车店里洗车和自己动手洗车，到底哪
个对环境更有益处，故 B 选项“洗车处和自己动手洗车哪个更好 ”符合文章标题。故选 B。
4
We are not who we think we are.
The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a
land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable—a place where
brains, energy and ambition are what count, not the circumstances of one’s birth.
The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic
fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income
of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: The “rags to riches” story is much more
common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the
very bottom move to the top.
That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom of the study sample, in terms
of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top. Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into
that lowest are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.
It is noted that even in Britain—a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound ( 守旧的 ) class
system—children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the studies were released, most
reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are
earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.
One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three
decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for
African-Americans.
The picture that emerges from all the correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, over all, “the current
generation of adults is better off than the previous one”, as one of the studies notes.
The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children’s median
family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising ride has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have
seen far greater income gains than the poor.
Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity gets little supper: from the data.
Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is “stickiness at the end”—four
out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out of ten who are born rich will stay rich.
13. What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research
A. Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top.
B. Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches.
C. The rags to riches story is more fiction than reality.
D. The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites.
14. It can be inferred from the writer that America, as a classless society, should ________.
A. perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity
B. have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain
C. enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employment
D. encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. The US is a land where brains, energy and ambition are what count.
B. Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains.
C. Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered.
D. Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder.
16. What might be the best title for this passage
A. Social Upward Mobility in America B. Incredible Income Gains in America
C. America: Land of Unequal Wealth D. America: Not Land of Opportunity for all
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 The Economic Mobility Project 的研究发现，美国并不是一个到处充
满机会的地方，白人和黑人之间还是存在不平等的，由穷到富的故事与其说是现实不如说是幻想。
13. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Here is the finding: The “rags to riches” story is much more common in
Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom
move to the top.（研究发现:“白手起家”的故事在好莱坞比在普通民众中更为常见。在家庭收入最低的家庭中，
只有 6%的孩子能升到社会顶层。）”可知，白手起家的故事与其说是现实，不如说是虚构的。故选 C。
14. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We
think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where
class is mutable—a place where brains, energy and ambition are what count, not the circumstances of one’s
birth.（美国人的自我形象洋溢着机会的金光。我们认为美国是一块充满无限可能的土地，与其说它是一个
没有阶级的社会，不如说它是一个阶级是可变的地方——在这里，智力、精力和雄心是最重要的，而不是
一个人的出身。）”可推知，美国，作为一个无阶级社会，应该完善自己的自我形象，成为一个充满机遇的
国家。故选 A。
15. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“When the studies were released, most reporters focused on the finding that
African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in
inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.（当这些研究公布时，大多数记者关注的是出生于中产阶级或
中上层家庭的非裔美国人的收入(经通胀因素调整后)略低于他们的父母。）”和文章第六段“One of the studies
indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be
attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans.（事实上，
其中一项研究表明，白人家庭在过去三十年里取得的经济收益大部分可以归因于白人女性进入劳动力市场。
这对非裔美国人来说就不那么真实了。）”可知，在经济收入方面，白人和黑人之间的不平等依然存在。故
选 B。
16. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity
gets little supper: from the data. Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but
there is “stickiness at the end”—four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out of ten
who are born rich will stay rich.（更令人不安的是，从数据来看，我们这个充满机遇的国家却得不到什么晚餐。
美国人很容易就能爬上爬下梯子的中间梯级，但是有一个“最后的粘性”——10 个出身贫困的孩子中有 4 个
会继续贫穷，10 个出身富裕的孩子中有 4 个会继续富有。）”可知，美国并不是所有人都有机会的土地。故
选 D。
5
One after another telecommunications giants have announced their latest fifth generation (5G) products. They
have also claimed that 5G technology would be used on a massive scale by 2020. Yet, when reporting about 5G,
many domestic media have described it as a"much faster" technology than 4G without mentioning any of its other
advantages. As a result. the common public view about 5G is that they could "download a HD movie within one
second". Beyond that, most people know nothing about 5G.
Actually, 5G technology has many more advantages than 4G apart from speed. According to the criteria of
3GPP, an international standardization organization, 5G technology can be used for at least three
purposes—connecting everything, reliability of connections, and eliminating delays.
“Connecting everything” is an appropriate slogan for 5G technology, without which the Internet of Things
would be impossible. 5G would enable one server to connect to multiple terminals, and thus establish
high-speed coordination among them, and help the chips inside the terminals timely react to meet people’s needs.
Take autonomous vehicles for example, they are mature technology products. Self-driving cars combine a variety
of sensors, such as radar, computer vision, and GPS to identify navigation paths and obstacles. 5G technology will
link all the elements of a transportation system, such as traffic lights, cameras and, of course, cars to establish
perfect coordination so they can avoid obstacles and move on navigation paths, which will help strengthen
self-driving technology.
Reliability of connections is another essential characteristic of 5G technology, whose use can be extended to
other fields where high safety standards are required. For instance, in certain surgeries, surgeons insert nano-robots
inside a patient’s body and have to maintain constant control over the robots to ensure they perform their functions
and do not cause any harm to the patient. This is a technology that can be of great help, as it can establish reliable
and continuous connections between the monitor and the nano-robots.
17. Which of the following can serve as an example of "connecting everything"
A. Improvement of smart phone signals. B. Decrease in telecommunication cost.
C. High speed in playing computer games. D. Online tests for all members at the same time.
18. Why can 5G be used in the fields with high safety standards
A. It can attract most eyeballs on a massive scale.
B. It can provide dependable and constant service.
C. It offers massive machine types of communication.
D. It employs 4G base stations and occupies less space.
19. What will the author most probably discuss in the following paragraph
A. Eliminating delays. B. 5G network capacity
C. Disadvantages of 5G D. Building 5G base stations
20. What would be the best title for the passage
A. 5G Technology: More than about High Speed
B. 5G Technology Will Shape the Future of Connectivity
C. Telecom Giants Work Together to Better 5G Technology
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of 5G Technology and Products
【答案】17. D 18. B 19. A 20. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍除了高速，5G 技术还有连接一切、连接可靠性以及消除延迟等特
点。
17. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“5G would enable one server to connect to multiple terminals and thus establish
high-speed coordination among them, and help the chips inside the terminals to timely react to meet people’s
needs.( 5G 能让一个计算机服务器连接到多个终端，然后在它们之中建立高速协调，并且帮助在终端里面的
芯片能够及时做出反应满足人们的需求)”结合选项可推知，选项 D 表达的是“同时对所有成员进行网络测
试”，符合 5G 的连接一切的特征，可以作为 5G 连接一切这个特征的具体举例。故选 D。
18. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This is an technology can be of great help, as it can establish reliable and
continuous connections between the monitor and the nano-robots.(这是一项非常有帮助的技术，因为它能在监控
器和纳米机器人之间建立可靠而且持续的连接)”可知，5G 技术能够在高安全标准的领域使用，是因为它能
提供可靠而且持续的服务。故选 B。
19. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to the criteria of 3GPP, an international standardization organization,
5G technology can be used for at least three purposes—for connecting everything, reliability of connections, and
eliminating delays.(根据 3GPP，一个国际标准化组织的标准，5G 技术能够在至少 3 个方面使用，分别是：
连接一切、连接的可靠性以及消除延迟)”；第三段中““Connecting everything” is an appropriate slogan for 5G
technology, without which the Internet of things would be impossible.(连接一切对于 5G 技术来说是一个合适的
口号，没有这个特征因特网的所有事情都将变成不可能)”以及第四段中“Reliability of connections is another
essential characteristic of 5G technology, whose use can be extended to other fields where high safety standards are
required.(连接可靠性是 5G 技术的另外一个基本特征，这一技术的使用可以延申到要求高安全标准的其他领
域)”可推知，作者接下来可能会讨论的是 5G 技术的消除延迟这个特征。故选 A。
20. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Actually, 5G technology has many more advantages than 4G apart from speed.
According to the criteria of 3GPP, an international standardization organization, 5G technology can be used for at
least three purposes—connecting everything, reliability of connections, and eliminating delays.(实际上，除了速度，
5G 技术比 4G 有更多的优势。根据国际标准化组织 3GPP 的标准，5G 技术至少可以用于三个目的：连接所
有东西、提高连接的可靠性和消除延迟)”结合文章主要介绍除了高速，5G 技术还有连接一切、连接可靠性
以及消除延迟等特点。可知 A 选项“5G 技术：不仅仅是高速”最符合文章标题。故选 A。
6
It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in
1964, a Boeing KC-135 refuelling tanker, based on the 707. But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students
from Europe and USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.
For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the
invitation of the European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be
conducted in weightless conditions.
For the next two hours the Boeings flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lost its reason,
shooting upwards towards the heavens before moving down towards Earth. The intention was to achieve
weightlessness for a few seconds.
The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on
anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45-degree
climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut out and we became weightless. Everything became
confused, and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (下降) the
pilot pulled aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but it was still sudden
enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.
Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it
was the Dutch, who wanted to discover why cats always land on their feet. Then it was the German team, who
conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future
space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.
After two hours of going up and down in the plane doing experiments, the dominant feeling was one of
excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one that would
be keen to repeat.
21. What did the pilot do with the plane
A. He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.
B. He climbed and then made the plane turn over.
C. He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.
D. He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.
22. What was the point of being weightless
A. To show the judges of the competition what they could do.
B. To prepare the young scientists for future work in space.
C. To see what conditions are like in space.
D. To allow the teams to try out their ideas.
23. The pronoun “it” (in the last paragraph) refers to ________.
A. the excitement B. the trip
C. the opportunity D. the plane
24. The passage is intended to ________.
A. report on a new scientific technique
B. encourage young people to take science
C. show scientists what young people can do
D. describe the outcome of a scientific competition
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述富有想象力的实验是在失重的条件下进行的，旨在讲述一个科
学竞赛的结果，让学生们产生新的想法。
21. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists
had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the
plane into a 45-degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut out and we became weightless.
（飞机起飞得很平稳，但当飞行员让飞机进入持续约 20 秒的 45 度爬升时，我和这些年轻科学家们的任何
感觉都很快消失了。然后引擎熄火，我们失重了。）”可知，飞行员快速上升然后停止发动机，故选 C。
22. 细节理解题。根据第二段“For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a
place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest imaginative
experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions. （12 个月来，来自各大洲的理科学生应欧洲航天局
(European Space Agency)的邀请，为赢得这次飞行的机会而竞争。挑战是建议在失重条件下进行富有想象力
的实验。）”富有想象力的实验是在失重的条件下进行的，故失重的目的是为了让学生们产生新的想法，故
选 D。
23. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段的第一句“After two hours of going up and down in the plane doing experiments,
the dominant feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness. （在飞机上做了两个小时的实验后，主要的感
觉是兴奋而不是恶心。）”由此可推断下文意思为大多数学生都认为这是一次难忘的经历，是一个渴望重复
的经历。所以 it 指代这两个小时的飞机旅程，故选 B。
24. 推理判断题。根据第二段“For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a
place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space
Agency.（12 个月来，来自各大洲的理科学生应欧洲航天局(European Space Agency)的邀请，为赢得这次飞
行的机会而竞争。）和最后一段“Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one that
would be keen to repeat. （大多数学生都认为这是一次难忘的经历，是一个渴望重复的经历。）”所以本文的
目的就是要描述一个科学竞赛的结果，故选 D。
真题演练
阅读理解说明文、议论文
2022 年新高考 I 卷之 B 篇
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees
my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days.
Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last
year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的 )
produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry
them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include
the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿 DC 中央厨房的首席执
行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【24 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一
样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly
bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更
糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的
故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选 B。
【25 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow
it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be
the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料
和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将
是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选
B。
【26 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers
food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and
collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries
Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿 DC 中央厨房的首
席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收
回了超过 807500 磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干
燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选 D。
【27 题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more
food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,”
Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要
求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选 A。
2022 年新高考 I 卷之 C 篇
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been
given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the
benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really
help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【28 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and
improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”
可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选 D。
【29 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to
see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to
have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着
看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier 通过该项目获得了一种
成就感。故选 B。
【30 题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We
are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和
创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之
一)”可知 Wendy Wilson 是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与 C 项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选
C。
【31 题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We
are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和
创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting
Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a
shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它
将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正
