2014年中考语法专项复习课件：语态（含2013年中考真题，25页）

课件25张PPT。十二、语　态考点一 被动语态的应用?
【考点探究】
1. Many trees and flowers　　　　in our school last year and they made our school a beautiful garden.
A. have planted　　　　　　B. are planted
C. were planted D. will be planted
2. The room　　　　every day. You can live in now.
A. cleans B. is cleaning
C. is cleaned D. has cleaned【用法表解】
语态是动词的一种形式, 表示主语和谓语的关系。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态(某人做某事); 当主语是动作的承受者时, 用被动语态(某事被某人做)。
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。二、主动语态变被动语态的方法
第一步: 先确定主动句的主、谓、宾, 找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步: 把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语, 若宾语是人称代词, 应把宾格变为主格。
　　第三步: 把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”, 但时态不能改变。
　　第四步: 把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略), 若主语是人称代词时, 应把主格变为宾格。考点二 被动语态的几种特殊形式?
【考点探究】
1. The old over 90　　　　not only by their family but also by the government in many places.
A. is looked at B. are taken good care of
C. are taken good care D. is looking after
2. —Do you often see William　　　　on the playground?
—No, but he is often seen　　　　Chinese Kung fu in the park.
A. run; play B. run; to play
C. running; play D. running; to play被动语态的几种特殊形式
1. 主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时, 变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。例如:
We saw an alien get out of the UFO.
→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 【温馨提示】
后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时, 宾语补足语部分不变。
例如: We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room.
→Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. 2. 谓语动词后接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)时。
(1)把间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语不变。例如: (2)把直接宾语变主语, 间接宾语不变。例如: 3. 句中谓语是动词短语时, 变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。
Jack turned on the TV just now.
→The TV was turned on by Jack just now.
4. 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时, 只需把宾语变为被动语态的主语, 而宾语补足语仍保留在原处, 作主语补足语。例如:
Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once.
→We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher. 5. 主动表被动。
(1)feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。例如:
The dishes smell so delicious. 菜闻起来真香。
Your idea sounds better. 你的主意听起来更好。
(2)有些动词, 如sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等, 作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。例如:
Books of Harry Potter sell well.
《哈利·波特》系列的书很畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.
我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。(3)sth. need/ want/ require doing相当于sth. need/ want/ require to be done(不定式的被动结构)。例如:
Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。
(4)be worth doing(值得做)中的doing表示被动含义。
The movie is worth watching by everyone.
这部电影值得所有人看一看。6. 被动语态与系表结构的区别
“be + p. p. ”表示动作时是被动语态; “be + p. p. ”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。
(1)含有“by +宾语”结构强调动作执行者, 此时为被动语态。例如:
The window is broken.
窗户坏了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by me.
窗户是我打破的。(被动语态)(2)句中有地点、频率或时间状语时, 一般是被动语态。例如:
The door was closed. 门是关着的。(系表结构)
The door was closed at 9: 00.
九点钟关的门。(被动语态)
(3)系表结构中常用介词搭配, 被动语态中没有介词搭配。例如:
We’re worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。(4)系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。例如:
I’m really surprised at the news.
我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。
(5)系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时, 而被动语态可用于多种时态。
1. (2013·青岛中考)The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it　　　　.
A. is played　　　　　　　 B. plays
C. will be played D. will play
【解析】选A。考查被动语态的用法。句意: 这首歌被播放的时候, 使我想起了我的学生时代。it作play的承受者, 故用被动语态, 所以选A。2. (2013·福州中考)—Excuse me, sir, smoking　　　　in the gas station.
—Oh, I’m really sorry.
A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. aren’t allowed
【解析】选B。考查被动语态用法。根据句意“对不起, 先生, 在加油站不允许抽烟”, 属于被动语态的否定式。主语smoking为动名词, 后接动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。3. (2013·雅安中考)—Who designed this game?
—It　　　　by Tom in 1999.
A. is designed B. designs
C. was designed D. designed
【解析】选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 根据时间状语“in 1999”可知应用一般过去时, 所以选C。4. (2012·陕西中考)A new club　　　　in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.
A. starts B. is started
C. has started D. was started
【解析】选D。考查动词时态与语态。由时间状语at the beginning of this year可知时态为一般过去时。句子主语a new club与谓语动词start“开办”之间是被动关系, 所以要运用一般过去时态的被动语态。故选D。5. (2012·咸宁中考)―Zongzi　　　　to students for free in our dining hall on Dragon Boat Festival.
―Really? That sounds cool!
A. offer B. have offered
C. are offered D. will be offered
【解析】选D。考查动词时态与语态。句意: ——端午节时, 在我们学校的餐厅里会免费为学生提供粽子。——真的吗? 棒极了! 由答语可知还未到端午节, 所以要用将来时态的被动语态。故选D。