2022届北京市部分区高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读表达（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届北京市部分区高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读表达（含答案） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-01-04 20:58:43 | ||
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2022届北京市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编
阅读表达
2022届北京市昌平区高三二模英语试卷（解析版）
第一节：(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop.
From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.”
Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.
Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore.
“Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.”
“If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others.
Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”
40. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore
41. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
43. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words)
2022届北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习（二）（二模）英语试题 （解析版）
第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Math causes anxiety in kids, which can last far into adulthood. This is worsened by the pressure of knowing that math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
Ironically, this well-known feature of mathematics is its greatest weakness.
When our kids ask why they need to know algebra, we promise them that it will be useful. Do we listen to jazz because it is useful Humans like the practical, but we also know that there is much more to life. As Aristotle said, knowledge begins with wonder, but what wonder is there in algebra or calculus As it turns out, not much. Yet they form the cornerstone of today’s math education. No wonder math creates boredom.
Happily, unlocking the pleasure of math is simple: Do what mathematicians do and seek out unexplored, unknown, undiscovered math.
Regrettably, the mathematical journey is imagined as a terrifying mountain: The wide base is arithmetic, accessible to everyone. Climbing higher brings us to algebra, geometry, and eventually calculus and beyond. We believe that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted.
In reality, math is alive and still advancing, and most of it remains a vast and uncharted countryside. Fresh ideas are constantly being discovered, opening up new and fascinating puzzles. These puzzles allow us to play at the very edge of the mathematical unknown, and many of them are accessible for our students.
Here’s one: Can every even number be written as a sum of two prime numbers Even numbers such as 8 and 30 can be written as 3+5 and 7+23. But can this be done for every even number No one knows.
As our kids try to solve this kind of problems, a deeply encouraging truth will appear in their otherwise anxious hearts: It’s OK to struggle with math since everyone struggles with math.
These unsolved puzzles are the great equalizers, helping us realize that we are on the same level as the greatest of mathematicians, all of us staring over the unknown abyss, looking for a way down into the mystery. .
40. What is the well-known feature of mathematics
41. Why does math cause boredom
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted.
43. What else do you think can make math fun (In about 40 words)
2022届北京市丰台区高三下学期二模英语试卷（解析版）
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.
Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays.
Why does live theater have these effects Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.
A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.
The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery.
40. What is empathy
41. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
43. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy (In about 40 words)
2022届北京市顺义区高三第二次统练英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
“Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.
It’s important to clarify that having smart friends isn’t as important as having studious friends in this study. The researchers didn’t find that friends’ grades mattered. What influenced a student’s college grades were his or her friends’ high school study habits. To be sure, students with higher grades tend to have better study habits.
They also found that, for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying in high school, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA (Grade Point Average) would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
The difference between a B and B+ average is 0.3 points so studious friends are only nudging grades up a bit. That means peers are just one of many factors influencing how well students do in college. So should we encourage parents to pick their kids, friends in college “This is one outcome-GPA. There are other things in life, said Mehta who admits to selecting studious friends when he was in college.
40. What do researchers suggest students do in college in this study
41. How can studious friends help a student do better in college
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students.
43. Besides peer pressure, what do you think is the most important factor that helps improve your grades (In about 40 words)
2022届北京市西城区高三二模英语试卷（解析版）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
A new study asks the question: Do conversations end when people want them to The answer is no.
The study included two parts.
The first part was an online survey that asked 806 people whether there was a moment recently they had wanted to end a conversation with a close friend and to estimate when that moment was in relation to when the talk reached its conclusion. The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab to chat about whatever they felt like for anywhere between one and 45 minutes.
67 percent of the respondents in the first part of the study said they wanted the conversation to end before it actually did and most had secretly wished the chat had been either 50 percent longer or 50 percent shorter than it was.
“Whatever you think the other person wants, you may well be wrong,” says Adam Mastroianni, a psychology researcher at Harvard University and the study’s lead author. “So you might as well leave when it seems appropriate, because it’s better to be left wanting more than less.”
In the second part of the study, nearly 70 percent of the people reported wanting the conversation to be over before it ended. Just two percent of the conversations wrapped up at a time both people were happy with, and 30 percent of them ended when one of the parties wanted.
The researchers also asked study participants to guess when their conversational partners had wanted to stop talking. Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.
Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.
Thalia Wheatley, a social psychologist at Dartmouth College says the findings are important, adding that conversations are “an elegant expression of joint cooperation”. However, she says, “It all falls apart at the end because we just can’t figure out when to stop.”
Mastroianni says his takeaway is that trying to guess what someone you’re chatting with wants is almost pointless. “You really have no idea when the other person wants to go. So maybe, stop trying and just relax and enjoy the conversation.”
40. Where were the two parts of the study carried out
41. In what way were the participants’ guesses wrong in the second part of the study
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
43. If you desire to end a conversation, would you tell the other person directly Why or why not （In about 40 words）
答案：
2022届北京市昌平区高三二模英语试卷（解析版）
【答案】40. Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs.
41. It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships.
42. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time.
43. I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段““In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.
2022届北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习（二）（二模）英语试题 （解析版）
【答案】40. Math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
41. Although math is considered very important, it hardly leads learners to wonder.
42. ● The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted. According to the passage, the author believes math is accessible for students and that fresh ideas are constantly being discovered.
43. Working in a team can make math fun because both of the team sprit can be inspired and cultivated. Besides, the progress of figuring out a math problem can bring a sense of achievement, thus motivating us to enjoy the math.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。数学会给孩子带来焦虑，这种焦虑会一直持续到成年。数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟。文章主要论述了数学的作用以及学习数学的乐趣。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“This is worsened by the pressure of knowing that math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.(数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟)”可知，数学的著名特征是数学是推动我们社会发展的科学技术的看门人。故答案为Math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Humans like the practical, but we also know that there is much more to life. As Aristotle said, knowledge begins with wonder, but what wonder is there in algebra or calculus As it turns out, not much. Yet they form the cornerstone of today’s math education. No wonder math creates boredom.(人类喜欢实用，但我们也知道生活远不止这些。正如亚里士多德所说，知识始于好奇，但在代数或微积分中有什么好奇呢？事实证明，并不是很多。然而，它们构成了当今数学教育的基石。难怪数学让人感到无聊)”可知，数学会让人感到无聊是因为虽然数学被认为非常重要，但它几乎不会让学习者去思考。故答案为Although math is considered very important, it hardly leads learners to wonder.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段“In reality, math is alive and still advancing, and most of it remains a vast and uncharted countryside. Fresh ideas are constantly being discovered, opening up new and fascinating puzzles. These puzzles allow us to play at the very edge of the mathematical unknown, and many of them are accessible for our students.(事实上，数学是存在的，而且还在不断进步，它的大部分仍然是一个广阔而未知的乡村。新鲜的想法不断被发现，打开新的和迷人的谜题。这些谜题让我们能够在数学未知的边缘进行游戏，其中许多谜题对我们的学生来说是可以理解的)”可知，根据这篇文章，作者认为数学对学生来说是容易理解的，新鲜的想法不断被发现。故“but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted”部分错误。故答案为● The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted. According to the passage, the author believes math is accessible for students and that fresh ideas are constantly being discovered.
【43题详解】
开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你认为还有什么能让数学变得有趣？可回答：在团队中工作可以使数学变得有趣，因为双方的团队精神都可以得到启发和培养。 此外，解决数学问题的过程可以带来成就感，从而激发我们去享受数学。故答案为Working in a team can make math fun because both of the team sprit can be inspired and cultivated. Besides, the progress of figuring out a math problem can bring a sense of achievement, thus motivating us to enjoy the math.
2022届北京市丰台区高三下学期二模英语试卷（解析版）
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40. Empathy is our ability to share understand and care about others’ emotions.
41. Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior.
42. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences.
43. 言之有理即可。
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了戏剧对于人类而言，不仅仅是娱乐，而且也是人们建立心理技能的重要途径，因为戏剧能让人产生同理心。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.(这是建立心理技能的重要途径——尤其是同理心，即我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。)”可知，同理心是我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。故答案为Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.(坐在黑暗中看戏剧可以让我们忘记自己的烦恼，把我们带入另一个人的生活和思想。我们发现，人越“沉浸”或“迷失”与戏剧，他们的信念和行为就越会被改变。)”可知，在观看现场演出时，人们会更容易忘记自己的烦恼而沉浸到角色的感情中，最终改变自己的行为。故答案为Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior。
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第四段“A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.(社会心理学的一个经典发现是，与和自己不同的人反复积极地接触可以建立同理心。我们中的许多人在创造这样的邂逅方面经验太少——或者兴趣太少。戏剧提供了一个机会，让我们在不同的环境中看到与我们不同的人的经历。)”可知，戏剧能建立同理心的原因不是让我们想起以前的经历，而是戏剧给我们一些邂逅能够去体验不同的经历。所以原句中“remind us of our past experiences.(提醒我们过去的经历。)”是错的，故答案为 Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences.
【43题详解】
开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Being on the stage can built empathy as well. For instance, taking acting classed can improve students’ empathy. The same is true for experiencing more solitary art forms, such as reading. Even reading “Harry Potter” had been shown to reduce prejudice toward stigmatized groups in children. Or you can expand your empathy at home by picking up a novel.
2022届北京市顺义区高三第二次统练英语试题（解析版）
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40. Choose your friends wisely. /Befriend or make friends with studious students.
41. By influencing the student’s study habits.
42. The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students. The researchers found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
43. In my opinion, study habits is the most important factor that helps improve grades. Because a better study habit can make you self-discipline and become a better time planner, which can in return benefit you under the limited time during school.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩。影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯。可以肯定的是，成绩越高的学生学习习惯越好。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.(研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩)”可知，在这项研究中，研究人员建议学生在大学里明智地选择你的朋友或与勤奋的学生交朋友。故答案为Choose your friends wisely. /Befriend or make friends with studious students.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“What influenced a student’s college grades were his or her friends’ high school study habits.(影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯)”可知，勤奋的朋友通过影响学生的学习习惯来帮助学生。故答案为By influencing the student’s study habits.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.(在大学随机分配的新生室友中，也得到了几乎相同的结果，这证实了同伴确实影响了学习习惯，并与友谊分析相呼应。研究人员控制了性别、种族和先前的学术成就，发现勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的)”可知，错误的部分是“only for high achieving students”，因为研究人员发现，勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的。故答案为The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students. The researchers found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
【43题详解】
开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：除了同伴的压力，你认为帮助你提高成绩的最重要的因素是什么？可回答：在我看来，学习习惯是帮助提高成绩的最重要的因素。 因为一个好的学习习惯可以让你自律，成为一个更好的时间计划者，而这反过来可以在有限的学习时间下让你受益。故答案为In my opinion, study habits is the most important factor that helps improve grades. Because a better study habit can make you self-discipline and become a better time planner, which can in return benefit you under the limited time during school.
2022届北京市西城区高三二模英语试卷（解析版）
【答案】40. Online and in a lab.
41. By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk.
42. It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking.
43. If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others' feelings.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究提出了这样一个问题：对话是否会在人们希望结束的时候结束？答案是否定的。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第一句中“The first part was an online survey(第一部分是一项在线调查)”和第二句中“The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab (第二部分，252人与实验室中的陌生人配对)”可知，研究的两个部分是在线上和实验室里进行的。故答案为Online and in a lab.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第七段最后一句“Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.(这些猜测是错误的，高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望，约占实际谈话长度的64%。)”可知，在研究的第二部分，参与者的猜测高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望。故答案为By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第八段“Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.(综上所述，研究结果表明，我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿)”可知，找个合适的时间结束和亲密朋友的谈话是很不容易的，因为我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿，所以所给句子中easy一词表述有误。故答案为It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend. It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking.
【43题详解】
本题为开放型题目，言之有理即可，注意词数限制。题干：如果你想结束一段对话，你会直接告诉对方吗？为什么？为什么不？故答案为If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others’ feelings.
阅读表达
2022届北京市昌平区高三二模英语试卷（解析版）
第一节：(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take some time to develop.
From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist. “They become better at imagining someone else’s perspective and this stimulates more intimate (亲密的) friendships.”
Children often have a practical view of friendship, forming close bonds with peers in the playground or classroom, says Kennedy-Moore. “It is a ‘love the one you’re with’ approach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage over adults is that they are in the room with 25 others in their stage of life,” she says. “In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance (相识的人) to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.
Psychologists say best friendships can help children prepare for close relationships, including romantic ones, as they grow up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in love, “says Kennedy-Moore.
“Close friendships in childhood help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relationships throughout their lives. They learn about other people, and about themselves, to deal with feelings like envy, loneliness, and sadness.”
“If children don’t talk about friends at home, it doesn’t mean they don’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style of interacting with others.
Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”
40. What capacity do children develop from about the age of four according to Kennedy-Moore
41. What is the disadvantage for adults to develop friendships compared with children
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
43. List some other ways you usually use to develop or maintain your friendship.(In about 40 words)
2022届北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习（二）（二模）英语试题 （解析版）
第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Math causes anxiety in kids, which can last far into adulthood. This is worsened by the pressure of knowing that math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
Ironically, this well-known feature of mathematics is its greatest weakness.
When our kids ask why they need to know algebra, we promise them that it will be useful. Do we listen to jazz because it is useful Humans like the practical, but we also know that there is much more to life. As Aristotle said, knowledge begins with wonder, but what wonder is there in algebra or calculus As it turns out, not much. Yet they form the cornerstone of today’s math education. No wonder math creates boredom.
Happily, unlocking the pleasure of math is simple: Do what mathematicians do and seek out unexplored, unknown, undiscovered math.
Regrettably, the mathematical journey is imagined as a terrifying mountain: The wide base is arithmetic, accessible to everyone. Climbing higher brings us to algebra, geometry, and eventually calculus and beyond. We believe that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted.
In reality, math is alive and still advancing, and most of it remains a vast and uncharted countryside. Fresh ideas are constantly being discovered, opening up new and fascinating puzzles. These puzzles allow us to play at the very edge of the mathematical unknown, and many of them are accessible for our students.
Here’s one: Can every even number be written as a sum of two prime numbers Even numbers such as 8 and 30 can be written as 3+5 and 7+23. But can this be done for every even number No one knows.
As our kids try to solve this kind of problems, a deeply encouraging truth will appear in their otherwise anxious hearts: It’s OK to struggle with math since everyone struggles with math.
These unsolved puzzles are the great equalizers, helping us realize that we are on the same level as the greatest of mathematicians, all of us staring over the unknown abyss, looking for a way down into the mystery. .
40. What is the well-known feature of mathematics
41. Why does math cause boredom
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted.
43. What else do you think can make math fun (In about 40 words)
2022届北京市丰台区高三下学期二模英语试卷（解析版）
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.
Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays.
Why does live theater have these effects Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.
A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.
The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery.
40. What is empathy
41. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
43. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy (In about 40 words)
2022届北京市顺义区高三第二次统练英语试题（解析版）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
“Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way to do better in college, a research study finds. Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.
It’s important to clarify that having smart friends isn’t as important as having studious friends in this study. The researchers didn’t find that friends’ grades mattered. What influenced a student’s college grades were his or her friends’ high school study habits. To be sure, students with higher grades tend to have better study habits.
They also found that, for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying in high school, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA (Grade Point Average) would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year. Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
The difference between a B and B+ average is 0.3 points so studious friends are only nudging grades up a bit. That means peers are just one of many factors influencing how well students do in college. So should we encourage parents to pick their kids, friends in college “This is one outcome-GPA. There are other things in life, said Mehta who admits to selecting studious friends when he was in college.
40. What do researchers suggest students do in college in this study
41. How can studious friends help a student do better in college
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students.
43. Besides peer pressure, what do you think is the most important factor that helps improve your grades (In about 40 words)
2022届北京市西城区高三二模英语试卷（解析版）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
A new study asks the question: Do conversations end when people want them to The answer is no.
The study included two parts.
The first part was an online survey that asked 806 people whether there was a moment recently they had wanted to end a conversation with a close friend and to estimate when that moment was in relation to when the talk reached its conclusion. The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab to chat about whatever they felt like for anywhere between one and 45 minutes.
67 percent of the respondents in the first part of the study said they wanted the conversation to end before it actually did and most had secretly wished the chat had been either 50 percent longer or 50 percent shorter than it was.
“Whatever you think the other person wants, you may well be wrong,” says Adam Mastroianni, a psychology researcher at Harvard University and the study’s lead author. “So you might as well leave when it seems appropriate, because it’s better to be left wanting more than less.”
In the second part of the study, nearly 70 percent of the people reported wanting the conversation to be over before it ended. Just two percent of the conversations wrapped up at a time both people were happy with, and 30 percent of them ended when one of the parties wanted.
The researchers also asked study participants to guess when their conversational partners had wanted to stop talking. Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.
Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.
Thalia Wheatley, a social psychologist at Dartmouth College says the findings are important, adding that conversations are “an elegant expression of joint cooperation”. However, she says, “It all falls apart at the end because we just can’t figure out when to stop.”
Mastroianni says his takeaway is that trying to guess what someone you’re chatting with wants is almost pointless. “You really have no idea when the other person wants to go. So maybe, stop trying and just relax and enjoy the conversation.”
40. Where were the two parts of the study carried out
41. In what way were the participants’ guesses wrong in the second part of the study
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
43. If you desire to end a conversation, would you tell the other person directly Why or why not （In about 40 words）
答案：
2022届北京市昌平区高三二模英语试卷（解析版）
【答案】40. Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs.
41. It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships.
42. Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time.
43. I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“From around the age of four, children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs. This emerging capacity, known as Theory of Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Moore, a clinical psychologist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Children develop an understanding that other people may have thoughts, interests and feelings that are different to theirs.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段““In adulthood it takes thoughtful effort to find and develop friendships.” According to one study, adults must spend around 50 hours together to go from mere acquaintance to a casual friend, 90 hours together before they consider each other as friends, and more than 200 hours to become close friends who share an emotional connection.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为It takes thoughtful effort more time to find and develop friendships.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parents can help their children in developing friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school. “The formula is: watch then get involved.” says Kennedy-Moore. “Parents should teach their children to watch what other children are doing, then encourage them to slide into the action without interrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parents can support their children in forming friendships by organizing fun meet-ups outside of school and correcting them from time to time.
According to the passage, parents should encourage their children to watch and slide into the action without interrupting instead of correcting them from time to time.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为I will directly tell my friends that I want to talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen to them carefully. Most importantly, I will let them know that I am trustworthy and that we can become closer friends.
2022届北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习（二）（二模）英语试题 （解析版）
【答案】40. Math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
41. Although math is considered very important, it hardly leads learners to wonder.
42. ● The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted. According to the passage, the author believes math is accessible for students and that fresh ideas are constantly being discovered.
43. Working in a team can make math fun because both of the team sprit can be inspired and cultivated. Besides, the progress of figuring out a math problem can bring a sense of achievement, thus motivating us to enjoy the math.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。数学会给孩子带来焦虑，这种焦虑会一直持续到成年。数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟。文章主要论述了数学的作用以及学习数学的乐趣。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“This is worsened by the pressure of knowing that math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.(数学是推动我们社会发展的科学和技术的看门人，这种认识带来的压力使情况变得更糟)”可知，数学的著名特征是数学是推动我们社会发展的科学技术的看门人。故答案为Math is the gatekeeper to science and technology that drive much of our society.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Humans like the practical, but we also know that there is much more to life. As Aristotle said, knowledge begins with wonder, but what wonder is there in algebra or calculus As it turns out, not much. Yet they form the cornerstone of today’s math education. No wonder math creates boredom.(人类喜欢实用，但我们也知道生活远不止这些。正如亚里士多德所说，知识始于好奇，但在代数或微积分中有什么好奇呢？事实证明，并不是很多。然而，它们构成了当今数学教育的基石。难怪数学让人感到无聊)”可知，数学会让人感到无聊是因为虽然数学被认为非常重要，但它几乎不会让学习者去思考。故答案为Although math is considered very important, it hardly leads learners to wonder.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段“In reality, math is alive and still advancing, and most of it remains a vast and uncharted countryside. Fresh ideas are constantly being discovered, opening up new and fascinating puzzles. These puzzles allow us to play at the very edge of the mathematical unknown, and many of them are accessible for our students.(事实上，数学是存在的，而且还在不断进步，它的大部分仍然是一个广阔而未知的乡村。新鲜的想法不断被发现，打开新的和迷人的谜题。这些谜题让我们能够在数学未知的边缘进行游戏，其中许多谜题对我们的学生来说是可以理解的)”可知，根据这篇文章，作者认为数学对学生来说是容易理解的，新鲜的想法不断被发现。故“but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted”部分错误。故答案为● The author believes math is accessible for students but that new math ideas have been nearly exhausted. According to the passage, the author believes math is accessible for students and that fresh ideas are constantly being discovered.
【43题详解】
开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你认为还有什么能让数学变得有趣？可回答：在团队中工作可以使数学变得有趣，因为双方的团队精神都可以得到启发和培养。 此外，解决数学问题的过程可以带来成就感，从而激发我们去享受数学。故答案为Working in a team can make math fun because both of the team sprit can be inspired and cultivated. Besides, the progress of figuring out a math problem can bring a sense of achievement, thus motivating us to enjoy the math.
2022届北京市丰台区高三下学期二模英语试卷（解析版）
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40. Empathy is our ability to share understand and care about others’ emotions.
41. Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior.
42. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences.
43. 言之有理即可。
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了戏剧对于人类而言，不仅仅是娱乐，而且也是人们建立心理技能的重要途径，因为戏剧能让人产生同理心。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.(这是建立心理技能的重要途径——尤其是同理心，即我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。)”可知，同理心是我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。故答案为Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.(坐在黑暗中看戏剧可以让我们忘记自己的烦恼，把我们带入另一个人的生活和思想。我们发现，人越“沉浸”或“迷失”与戏剧，他们的信念和行为就越会被改变。)”可知，在观看现场演出时，人们会更容易忘记自己的烦恼而沉浸到角色的感情中，最终改变自己的行为。故答案为Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior。
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第四段“A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.(社会心理学的一个经典发现是，与和自己不同的人反复积极地接触可以建立同理心。我们中的许多人在创造这样的邂逅方面经验太少——或者兴趣太少。戏剧提供了一个机会，让我们在不同的环境中看到与我们不同的人的经历。)”可知，戏剧能建立同理心的原因不是让我们想起以前的经历，而是戏剧给我们一些邂逅能够去体验不同的经历。所以原句中“remind us of our past experiences.(提醒我们过去的经历。)”是错的，故答案为 Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences.
Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences.
【43题详解】
开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Being on the stage can built empathy as well. For instance, taking acting classed can improve students’ empathy. The same is true for experiencing more solitary art forms, such as reading. Even reading “Harry Potter” had been shown to reduce prejudice toward stigmatized groups in children. Or you can expand your empathy at home by picking up a novel.
2022届北京市顺义区高三第二次统练英语试题（解析版）
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40. Choose your friends wisely. /Befriend or make friends with studious students.
41. By influencing the student’s study habits.
42. The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students. The researchers found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
43. In my opinion, study habits is the most important factor that helps improve grades. Because a better study habit can make you self-discipline and become a better time planner, which can in return benefit you under the limited time during school.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩。影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯。可以肯定的是，成绩越高的学生学习习惯越好。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Researchers prove that students who befriend studious peers spend more hours studying themselves and post higher grades during their freshman year.(研究人员证明，那些与勤奋的同龄人成为朋友的学生，会花更多的时间自学，并且在大一期间取得更高的成绩)”可知，在这项研究中，研究人员建议学生在大学里明智地选择你的朋友或与勤奋的学生交朋友。故答案为Choose your friends wisely. /Befriend or make friends with studious students.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“What influenced a student’s college grades were his or her friends’ high school study habits.(影响学生大学成绩的因素是他或她朋友的高中学习习惯)”可知，勤奋的朋友通过影响学生的学习习惯来帮助学生。故答案为By influencing the student’s study habits.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Almost identical results are among freshman roommates randomly assigned by the college, which confirms that peers are actually influencing study habits and echoing the friendship analysis. The researchers controlled for gender, race and prior academic achievement and found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.(在大学随机分配的新生室友中，也得到了几乎相同的结果，这证实了同伴确实影响了学习习惯，并与友谊分析相呼应。研究人员控制了性别、种族和先前的学术成就，发现勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的)”可知，错误的部分是“only for high achieving students”，因为研究人员发现，勤奋的同龄人对成绩优异和成绩差的学生产生的积极影响是相似的。故答案为The study showed that the positive influence of studious peers was only for high achieving students. The researchers found that the positive influence of studious peers was similar for both high achieving and low achieving students.
【43题详解】
开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：除了同伴的压力，你认为帮助你提高成绩的最重要的因素是什么？可回答：在我看来，学习习惯是帮助提高成绩的最重要的因素。 因为一个好的学习习惯可以让你自律，成为一个更好的时间计划者，而这反过来可以在有限的学习时间下让你受益。故答案为In my opinion, study habits is the most important factor that helps improve grades. Because a better study habit can make you self-discipline and become a better time planner, which can in return benefit you under the limited time during school.
2022届北京市西城区高三二模英语试卷（解析版）
【答案】40. Online and in a lab.
41. By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk.
42. It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend.
It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking.
43. If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others' feelings.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究提出了这样一个问题：对话是否会在人们希望结束的时候结束？答案是否定的。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段第一句中“The first part was an online survey(第一部分是一项在线调查)”和第二句中“The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab (第二部分，252人与实验室中的陌生人配对)”可知，研究的两个部分是在线上和实验室里进行的。故答案为Online and in a lab.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第七段最后一句“Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.(这些猜测是错误的，高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望，约占实际谈话长度的64%。)”可知，在研究的第二部分，参与者的猜测高估或低估了对方想要继续谈话的欲望。故答案为By either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第八段“Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.(综上所述，研究结果表明，我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿)”可知，找个合适的时间结束和亲密朋友的谈话是很不容易的，因为我们并不擅长评估对方何时结束谈话的意愿，所以所给句子中easy一词表述有误。故答案为It’s easy to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend. It’s difficult to find a proper time to end a conversation with a close friend, because people have no idea when the other person wants to stop talking.
【43题详解】
本题为开放型题目，言之有理即可，注意词数限制。题干：如果你想结束一段对话，你会直接告诉对方吗？为什么？为什么不？故答案为If I desire to end a conversation, I would not tell the other person directly beacause I just tend to relax and enjoy the conversation and do not want to hurt others’ feelings.