课时跟踪检测(十二) Warm-up & Lesson 1 — Language Points
Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词
1．The policeman took away his bike because he had violated the traffic regulation.
2．English is a compulsory subject in our school, which means that everyone has to learn it.
3．Since no one opposes the plan, we'll put it into practice soon.
4．I cannot tolerate anyone laughing at me in public.
5．Winning an Olympic gold medal is the supreme (最高的) honor for every athlete.
6．The officials were accused of abusing (滥用) their power to control the market price.
7．You must first seek (寻求) their permission before publishing their names in your book.
8．It's an annual (一年一次的) examination. If you fail this year, you have to wait till next year.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in vain， at random， at all costs， in use， due to， come across
1．My bike bought 10 years ago is still in_use.
2．The parents are determined to support their daughter's college education at_all_costs.
3．They chose some people at_random in the street to give the questionnaires.
4．Tidying up the room, she came_across some old photographs in a drawer.
5．The team's success was largely due_to Mary's efforts.
6．I spent three days putting up a cottage but a storm made it in_vain.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．My deskmate was caught cheating_in_the_exam (考试作弊) last week.
2．I had_my_watch_stolen (表被偷了) last night when I went back home.
3．If we take a bus, we should make_it (赶得上) before five.
Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空
Due 1.to better equipment, training and diet, the records have been broken, but recently, improvements have begun to slow 2.down.Some experts predict a ceiling for many events.In order 3.to_enhance (enhance) performance, some athletes take the drugs which can get people more excited and energetic than normality and which are 4.originally (original) developed to help people with illnesses.Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they improve performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.
The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which 5.emphasises (emphasis) taking part rather than winning — 6.has_been_violated (violate) by the desire to succeed 7.at all costs. So the sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.All the sports associations or organizations around the world announce to fight against it.However, it appears as if all efforts are 8.in vain, partly because it is compulsory for winners to be tested but other 9.participants (participant) are only tested 10.at random and partly because new drugs are always being developed ahead of drug tests.
Anyway, the fight will and must fiercely go on and we all hope the word “hero” won't lose its meaning.
Ⅴ.完形填空
We all may run a marathon. For most of us, a single marathon would be a challenge — but for Tim Borland, it's just __1__.
Borland, a 31 year old personal trainer, 2 completed an athletic challenge: 63 marathons in 63 days. But Borland wasn't __3__ to this by the spirit of competition.He didn't care about winning the races — his only __4__ was to raise money for children who get A T, a rare children's disease.
Years ago, Borland's meeting __5__ Cathryn Achilles, a girl who got the disease, __6__ his life. “She taught me what we should do in this world, and how to appreciate and be __7__ for all that we have.”__8__ by Achilles, he decided to help children with the disease by doing what he did best: running.
As a personal trainer, Borland has always been an enthusiastic runner and athlete. __9__ a 63 day run would require more endurance (耐力) than usual. To __10__ himself, he increased his daily runs from 15 to 30 miles a day five days a week. All the __11__ later proved to be __12__ when he began running.“The run was very __13__ at the very beginning，” says Borland. “But gradually I began to feel much easier.”
Borland began his __14__ on Labor Day, travelling across the country, and __15__ in November. He ran more than 1,650 miles in 26 states. And his great __16__ have raised $2 million. However, Borland won't take all the credit for it. He received a lot of __17__ along the way. And the biggest inspiration (鼓舞) __18__ the children themselves. In many cities, children with A T would __19__ in their wheelchairs while Borland ran.
“Each run with kids with A T was a life changing __20__，” says Borland.“Each one will stay with me forever.”
语篇解读：本文讲述了莘姆·宝兰为患A T疾病的儿童筹款，在63天跑了63次马拉松。
1．A.different B．terrific
C．special D．ordinary
解析：选D 根据“For most of us, a single marathon would be a challenge — but for Tim Borland, it's just __1__.”以及下文“...63 marathons in 63 days.”可知“对于我们来说一次马拉松可能是个挑战，但是对于蒂姆·宝兰来说，它却很平常，他在63天跑了63次”，因此选D项。
2．A.hardly B．recently
C．soon D．then
解析：选B “31岁的蒂姆·宝兰最近完成了一个挑战”。recently“最近”，符合题意。
3．A.driven B．given
C．used D．awarded
解析：选A 根据下文“... his only __4__ was to raise money for children who get A T, a rare children's disease.”可知，“蒂姆这么做并不是受比赛精神的驱使”。drive“驱使”，符合题意。
4．A.support B．choice
C．chance D．concern
解析：选D 根据“He didn't care about winning the races ...”可知，“他并不关心比赛的输赢，他所‘关心’的是为患A T疾病的儿童筹款”，由care about可知此空填concern。
5．A.with B．at
C．up D．toward
解析：选A “数年前，他和卡思琳·阿基里斯的相遇……”，“和……相遇”，用介词with。
6．A.enjoyed B．risked
C．changed D．managed
解析：选C 根据下文“She taught me what we should do in this world, and how to appreciate and be ...”可知，“和卡思琳·阿基里斯的相遇改变了他的生活”。
7．A.anxious B．thankful
C．ready D．eager
解析：选B 根据appreciate可知此空应为thankful, be thankful for“对……感激”。
8．A.Admired B．Permitted
C．Respected D．Inspired
解析：选D “被卡思琳·阿基里斯激励，他决定为患病的孩子做件事”。
9．A.But B．Therefore
C．And D．Or
解析：选A “尽管作为一名私人教练，他也是一位长跑爱好者和运动员，但是63天的长跑需要更大的忍耐力”。前后两句为转折关系，因此用but。
10．A.behave B．prepare
C．encourage D．protect
解析：选B “为了做好准备，他把一周五天的训练由每天的15英里增加到30英里”。prepare“准备”。
11．A.treatment B．information
C．training D．advice
解析：选C 根据上文“... increased his daily runs from 15 to 30 miles a day five days a week.”可知这些都是蒂姆的训练。
12．A.wrong B．difficult
C．attractive D．useful
解析：选D 根据下文可知，所有的训练被证明都是“有用的”。
13．A.hard B．smooth
C．slow D．exciting
解析：选A 根据下文“But gradually I began to feel much easier.”可知，“一开始时，长跑是很困难的”。
14．A.education B．journey
C．writing D．lesson
解析：选B “他在五一劳动节开始他的旅程”。
15．A.appeared B．failed
C．organised D．finished
解析：选D 根据上句他在五一劳动节开始他的旅程及下句他跑过26个州1 650英里可知此处指他在11月“结束”。
16．A.efforts B．demands
C．stresses D．performances
解析：选A “通过他的努力，他筹了二百万美元”。effort“努力”，符合句意。demand“要求”；stress“压力”；performance“表演”。
17．A.help B．opinions
C．attention D．calls
解析：选A “他得到了很多帮助”。
18．A.dated from B．related to
C．devoted to D．came from
解析：选D “而最大的鼓励是来自孩子们本身”。come from“来自”。
19．A.ride B．settle
C．circle D．sit
解析：选A “孩子们给了蒂姆最大的鼓励。当蒂姆在跑时，他们也在‘跑’”。根据下文“Each run with kids with A T was a life changing __20__...”也可得出此空为ride。
20．A.movement B．decision
C．moment D．experience
解析：选D 对于蒂姆来说“每一次和患病孩子一起跑都是改变生命的一次经历”。
Ⅵ.阅读理解
One minute, Renata Glasner is watching the waves crash on Leblon beach from her wheelchair. The next, she's riding the waves on a specially adapted surfboard.
Glasner, a 35 year old graphic designer, was found to have the disease of multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化) four years ago. She is one of dozens of disabled people being assisted by AdaptSurf, a Rio based non governmental organization that aims to make beaches accessible to the disabled and encourage them to practice water sports. Men and women with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, people missing a limb (肢体), the blind, the deaf and even the paralyzed (瘫痪的) all hit the waves here.
“The taste of salt water has no price，” said Glasner, who began to lose control over her legs shortly after the birth of her first child and now requires a helper to move her from her wheelchair onto the surfboard. “After you're diagnosed with a disease like mine, you can't even imagine you're ever again going to experience that taste.”
AdaptSurf was started in 2007, 10 years after a robbery left co founder Henrique Saraiva partially paralyzed. The 18 year old Saraiva had been cycling near his home in a nice Rio neighborhood when he was shot by passing thieves.
Saraiva eventually traded his wheelchair for the crutches (拐杖) that he still uses to get around. But Saraiva says that surfing is the only time he can really forget about his disability. “It's the one place where I can feel like I'm just like everybody else.”
In Brazil the beach is a center stage for social life. It's where families reunite, friendships are made, couples come together and deals are struck. “Imagine, you're in a country that's surrounded by beaches, where the beach is an almost mystical (神秘的) place. But when you're confined to a wheelchair, you sit there sweating under the sun and watching everyone play in the water，” said Saraiva.
Several dozen disabled people attend AdaptSurf, taking hours long bus rides to be there every weekend. The group has even had people come from as far as the capital, Brasilia, some 725 miles (1,170 kilometers) away. AdaptSurf meets every Saturday and Sunday of the year, weather permitting.
语篇解读：本文主要讲了专为残疾人创立的可以让他们享受海上冲浪的组织AdaptSurf。
1．The main purpose of AdaptSurf is to ________.
A．improve its members' surfing skills
B．enable disabled people to enjoy water sports
C．research adapted surfboards
D．find practical cures for disabled and paralyzed people
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第二段的“aims to make beaches accessible to the disabled and encourage them to practice water sports”可知答案是B。
2．By saying “The taste of salt water has no price”， Glasner suggests that ________.
A．it took her a long time to get used to the sea water
B．surfing skills are difficult for disabled people to develop
C．surfing is a cheap sport for disabled people like her
D．she really treasures the opportunity to surf again
解析：选D 句意理解题。这里的“has no price”意思是“priceless”。对于残疾人来说，能够像正常人一样去冲浪，尝到海水的咸味，当然是一件十分开心的事。
3．We can conclude from the article that members of AdaptSurf ________.
A．have to help themselves onto their surfboards
B．mostly live in a Rio neighborhood by the beach
C．are required to meet every weekend throughout the year
D．feel they've gotten past their disabilities when they're on their surfboards
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“surfing is the only time he can really forget about his disability. ‘It's the one place where I can feel like I'm just like everybody else.’”可知坐上冲浪板可以让AdaptSurf的成员们暂时忘却自己身体上的残疾。
4．We can learn from the article that Henrique Saraiva ________.
A．lost his legs fighting with robbers
B．wants to help other people who are like him
C．used to be a huge fan of cycling
D．rarely feels that he is different from others
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句可知，Saraiva是AdaptSurf的创办人之一，他创办这个组织的目的是帮助更多的残疾人。故选B。课时跟踪检测(十三) Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词
1．He treated his subordinates (部下) with respect during his term of office.
2．The trade in weapons is prohibited in many countries.
3．At the news of his death, the whole nation mourned for him, who was a great national hero.
4．Holding the prescription given by the doctor, he came to the chemist's for the medicine.
5．Bad weather forced us to postpone (推迟) Saturday's game.
6．If the danger had been foreseen (预见), probably it could have been avoided.
7．Simon has long been working in the field and is familiar with the details of office routine (常规)．
8．Having lived in the countryside so long, Joe now has trouble fitting in with the urban (城市的) life.
Ⅱ.选词填空
send out， straight away， make up， be relate to， up to， have faith in， die from， a lack of
1．Kindness and generosity are the main qualities that make_up her character.
2．Without the weak signals sent_out from the mobile phone, the rescue members couldn't have found the dying person.
3．The relatives of the patient demanded that the hospital give them a response straight_away.
4．A survey by some psychologists shows that wealth is seldom related_to happiness.
5．Up_to two hundred people were on board the ship.
6．Her decision seems to show a_lack_of political judgement.
7．More than 5,000 square kilometres of forests have died_from the polluted air so far.
8．Keep your eyes open and be willing to change, but have_faith_in yourself.
Ⅲ.课文缩写语法填空
Epidemics throughout history
With recent press reports drawing parallels between Bird Flu and a killer epidemic in the past, Jim Smith looks 1.through the history of epidemics for clues about what the future might hold.
Since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997, it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died 2.of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern 3.adaptation (adapt) of the same virus.
One of the 4.earliest (early) epidemics on record happened about 500～550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.This epidemic swept through North Africa, the Middle East and Europe.
In urban areas all over Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, up to one half of the population was lost to the Black Death.
Another epidemic that spread in similar conditions was the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu.It 5.struck (strike) near the end of the First World War and left families 6.mourning (mourn) worldwide.
The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a lung disease in Guangdong Province and spread quickly after Dr Liu Jianjun, the carrier, came to Hong Kong and passed the virus to people who carried it to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore.
No one really knew much about SARS as it was completely new.This meant that there were no prescription drugs or tablets 7.to_treat (treat) it and doctors were not sure how to prevent it either.
Meanwhile, governments worldwide have also underlined the fact that 8.thorough and systematic medical research on Bird Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as possible. Countries will need to work together to do this as the SARS epidemic proved how teamwork 9.among nations can save lives.With all the international effort being made, we have to have 10.faith (faithful) that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
The most complex object known to humanity is the human brain — and not only is it complex, but it is one of the few natural phenomena that science has no consciousness of. To try to replicate (复制) something that is so poorly understood may therefore seem like pride. But you have to start somewhere, and International Business Machines (IBM) and the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), in Switzerland, propose to start by replicating “in silico”， one of the brain's building blocks.
In a partnership announced, the two organizations said they would be working together to build a simulation (模拟) of a structure known as a neo cortical (新大脑皮质的) column on a type of IBM supercomputer that is currently used to study the molecular functioning of genes. If that works, they plan to use more powerful computers to link such simulated columns together into something that mimics (模仿) a brain.
In a real brain, a neo cortical column is a cylindrical (圆柱形的) element about a third of a millimeter in diameter and three millimeters long. It is these columns, arranged side by side like the cells of a honeycomb, which make up the famous “grey matter” that has become shorthand for human intelligence. The Blue Gene/L supercomputer that will be used for the simulation consists of enough independent processors for each to be programmed to mimic an individual nerve cell in a column.
The EPFL's contribution to the Blue Brain Project will be to create a digital description of how the columns behave. The database from its Brain Mind Institute will provide the raw material for the simulation. Biologists and computer scientists will then connect the artificial nerve cells up in a way that mimics nature. They will do so by assigning electrical properties (电能) to them, and telling them how to communicate with each other and how they should modify their connections with one another depending on their activity.
That_will_be_no_mean_feat. Even a single nerve cell is complicated, not least because each one has about 10,000 connections with others. And nerve cells come in great variety — relying, for example, on different chemical transmitters to carry messages across those connections. Eventually, however, a digital representation of an entire column should occur.
Assuming that the growth of computing power continues to follow Moore's Law, the leader of IBM's side thinks it should be practical to mimic an entire human brain in silico this way in ten to fifteen years. Such an artificial brain would, of course, be a powerful research tool. It would allow neurological experiments that currently take days in a “web lab” to be conducted in seconds. The researchers hope that their simulated brain will reveal the secrets of how certain psychiatric and neurological, disorders develop. But that is probably not the real reason for doing it. The most interesting question, surely, is whether such an artificial brain will be intelligent, or conscious, or both.
语篇解读：对于人类来说，人脑是已知的最复杂的物体，也是科学无法解释的自然现象之一。国际商业机器公司和瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院尝试使用超级计算机模拟新皮质柱从而来模仿人脑。研究人员希望借此来探索人造大脑将会有什么功能，这样的人造大脑是否是智能的或者有意识的，还是二者兼而有之。
1．In a real brain, a neo cortical column ________.
A．looks like the cells of a honeycomb
B．is a simulation of a structure
C．is the famous “grey matter”
D．contains a large number of nerve cells
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，超级计算机中的每一个独立处理器被编程来模仿新皮质柱中的单个神经细胞，所以足够多的处理器被用来模仿新皮质柱中的许多的神经细胞。由此可见，在真的大脑中，一个新皮质柱包含大量的神经细胞。故选项D正确。
2．What does the underlined sentence “That_will_be_no_mean_feat” in Paragraph 5 indicate
A．It is rather difficult to connect the artificial nerve cells up.
B．The function of chemical transmitters is hard to understand.
C．A digital representation of an entire column is time consuming.
D．A single nerve cell is complicated to identify across connections.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句和第五段第二句可知，单一的神经细胞是复杂的，而每一个神经细胞与其他神经细胞之间的联系还有约10 000次，所以生物学家和电脑科学家将人造的神经细胞连接到一起是一件相当复杂的事情。故选项A符合题意。no mean feat为固定短语，意为“非常了不起；绝非易事”。
3．The fundamental purpose of doing the research is probably ________.
A．to simulate an entire human brain in silico
B．to tell us how some certain disorders emerge
C．to discover how the artificial brain would work
D．to examine whether Moore's Law is still functioning
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句可知，最有意义的问题是这样的人造大脑是否是智能的或者有意识的，还是二者兼而有之。显然这个研究的根本目的是为了探索人造大脑将会有什么功能。故选项C正确。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
Experiencing bad dreams every night can be frightening for anybody. Bad dreams can disturb sleep. __1__ That's why one should take steps to stop them as soon as they happen every day.
Studies have shown that when a person is under some sort of physical or mental stress, he's more likely to get bad dreams and disturbed sleep. __2__ For example, if you're overworked, learn to take things slow.
Besides, an unpleasant experience that a person is unable to get over can make the person suffer from bad dreams. __3__ In such a case, receiving treatment and dealing with the unpleasant experience is the only way to stop bad dreams.
Eating fatty and high protein (高蛋白质的) foods is also known to cause bad dreams in some people. __4__ Taking a light dinner of soups and salads is the best, both for health and for stopping disturbed sleep in some cases.
__5__ For example, your bedroom should be the most comfortable place in the world. So remove all electronic equipment including televisions. In addition, if you have negative thoughts, it can have side effects on the kind of dreams you have. So from now on try to be a happy and positive person.
A．First, we need to know the bad effects of bad dreams.
B．For example, death of a very close one can result in bad dreams.
C．They may also make a person feel stressed throughout the next day.
D．Bad dreams occurring because of this can be stopped if the diet is changed.
E．Reading something you enjoy can make you feel relaxed and help you sleep better.
F．Besides these, there are many other things a person can do to have a good night's sleep.
G．To stop bad dreams, it's necessary to find out the causes of stress in life and remove them.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了做噩梦的原因及避免噩梦的方法。
1．选C 该空前一句介绍的是噩梦会影响睡眠，后一句说那就是为什么我们应该想办法避免做噩梦，由此可知，应选“噩梦还会让一个人第二天一整天感到有压力”。
2．选G 根据该空前一句及后面的例子可知，应选“为防止做噩梦，我们需要找到生活中压力的起因并消除这些压力”。
3．选B 结合该空后一句中的“In such a case”可知，该空内容与一个例子有关，故选“例如一位很亲近的人的去世会导致噩梦”。
4．选D 该空所在段内容与日常饮食有关，D项中的the diet是提示，故选“由不良日常饮食引起的噩梦可以通过改变饮食来避免”。
5．选F 该空后所举的几个例子是避免噩梦的其他方法，故选“除了这些，还有其他很多办法可以保证一晚的好睡眠”。课时跟踪检测(十四) Communication Workshop
Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词
1．Your job here is only temporary,_for you will be removed from it when we have a proper post for you.
2．Due to bad management, company profits have been declining over the last three years.
3．The boy hasn't been seen for two days and there is growing concern for his safety.
4．All important problems must be submitted (提交) to the committee for discussion.
5．What he said is absurd (荒唐的); it goes against the general knowledge of science.
6．If an terminal (延期) isn't agreed on, this contract will no longer be in force from next month.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．At any rate, the medicine and food will reach the farmers before the snowstorm.
2．On the one hand, they'd love to have kids, but on the other hand, they don't want to give up their freedom.
3．Tony is said to_have_gone (go) abroad for further study.
4．It was the first time I had_heard (hear) her sing, wasn't it
5．This will be the second time that I have_gone (go) back to my hometown.
6．Don't worry. We can take you home in all cases.
7．Train services returned to normal again after the strike.
8．I fell into comas when the stone hit me on the head.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find fault with themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive support motivates (激发) and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
语篇解读：教练和家长对于年轻运动员表现的评价是很重要的，应当给出正面鼓励，而非一味指责。
1．An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is to ________.
A．make sports less competitive
B．increase their sense of success
C．reduce their mental stress
D．make sports more challenging
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.”可知，stress(紧张，压力)会导致burnout(筋疲力尽，撒手不干)，所以阻止这种现象发生的有效方法就是减少他们的思想压力。
2．Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________.
A．believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B．without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence
C．in order to make them remember life's lessons
D．so as to put more pressure on them
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章可知，教练和家长的注意力主要在结果上，希望运动员能赢得比赛，批评多是因为对其表现不满，希望其能做得好些。他们的主观愿望是好的，但是显然没有意识到批评可能使年轻的运动员对其从事的运动热情尽失，再也提不起兴趣。
3．According to the passage, parents and coaches should ________.
A．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B．help children to win every game
C．train children to cope with stress
D．enable children to understand the positive aspect
of sports
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者首先指出教练和家长不应让运动成为孩子的工作， 那样就会成为孩子的一种负担。同时提到比赛的结果不如学习运动的过程重要，不管结果如何，教练和家长都要给孩子正面的鼓励而不是批评。由此可知，作者认为教练和家长应当将更多的精力放在让孩子享受运动的过程上。
4．The author's purpose of writing the passage is to ________.
A．teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B．persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C．stress the importance of positive support to children
D．discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
解析：选C 写作目的题。本文主要论述的是教练和家长对运动员的影响，指出批评可能会使孩子丧失兴趣，应当多给运动员积极的评价，由此不难看出，本文的目的是强调正面鼓励的重要性。
B
About 15 years ago, when my children were still in elementary school, I was very active in the Parent Teacher Association. At one of the monthly meetings the topic of discussion was the new curriculum (课程) that the state of Michigan was presenting. Many concerns were voiced at that meeting, and one of them was my own. My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age.
Let's face it: children today have to learn and adapt to (适应) a more technological society, one where if you're not a peak performer you're just not well received. Some say that the children of today have it so much easier than 10－20 years ago. They're given so much more, not having to work for their toys and little extras. They sit all day long in front of a computer playing games ... How hard can that be
I, for one, think that today's child is missing out on so many wonderful experiences because of technology. What type of people skills are they learning They can thumb type faster than any other generation before them, but they can't pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation.
There is an elementary school not far behind my home and I used to see children on the playground every day. Weekdays and weekends, there would be children playing, shouting with joy. But now I don't see many children there after school, nor on the weekend. Has the playground gone from our children's life
I know many teachers, some of whom are my friends, may throw_a_shoe_at me when I say play doesn't always need to have a purpose. And it doesn't always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in today's world, the children have to be experts at multitasking (多任务处理), and on top of their game at all times. I, for one, think this is a shame.
语篇解读：本文是议论文。现在的孩子生活富足，却缺少适当的体育锻炼和玩耍；沉迷于各种科技产品，却缺少跟人交流的能力。作者通过本文呼吁，还孩子以真正的童年。
5．Why was the author concerned
A．The children didn't learn much at school.
B．The parents' opinions were not valued by schools.
C．The new curriculum was too advanced for the children.
D．The children were not interested in the new curriculum.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第一段的“My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age”可知，学校新引进的课程超出了孩子的水平，这是作者感到担忧的原因。
6．What should children learn according to the author
A．How to adapt to a technological society.
B．How to communicate with others.
C．How to work for toys and extras.
D．How to make a telephone call.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由第三段的“What type of people skills are they learning ... but they can't pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation”可知，当今的孩子沉湎于各种科技产品，缺乏跟人深入交流的能力。
7．Which of the following would the author agree with
A．Children's play should be well designed.
B．Play and learning should go hand in hand.
C．The multitasking ability is more important than play.
D．Children should be allowed to play purposelessly.
解析：选D 推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，作者认为孩子应该多进行没有目的性的玩耍。
8．What does the underlined part “throw a shoe at” mean in the last paragraph
A．Disagree with. B．Laugh at.
C．Reject. D．Hit.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。由画线部分之后的“And it doesn't always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in today's world, the children have to be experts at multitasking ...”可知，在学校里玩耍都是跟教学任务联系在一起的，所以作者提出孩子应该进行没有目的性的玩耍，很多老师一定会“不赞成”她的观点。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Does the early bird catch the worm That is not necessarily so according to recent research __1__ (conduct) by an American professor.
Research shows that when work schedules agree with people's natural sleep patterns, they produce __2__ (high) quality and more creative work because they are more focused, less stressed and generally healthier. __3__ opposite is also true — when employees do not have plenty of sleep, they are more likely __4__ (make) mistakes and suffer from workplace injuries.
__5__ (sad), for many of us, our work schedules do not agree with our natural body clocks. Many companies start the work day too early, __6__ (put) their work schedules in disagreement with their employees' body clocks. That disagreement, along with the __7__ (press) from work at all hours of the day and night, means that many pople suffer __8__ “social jetlag (社会时差)”. In other words, their bodies are always in the wrong time zone.
The sad news is __9__ most of the working population today are getting up earlier than they should. It is high time that these companies __10__ (adjust) their work schedules so that their employees could have enough sleep.
语篇解读：早起的鸟儿一定有虫吃吗？研究表明工作时间与人的生物钟相一致时，工作效率较高；反之，工作效率较低。
1．conducted conducted by an American professor是过去分词短语作定语，修饰research, 分词动作conduct与逻辑主语research之间是被动关系。
2．higher 本空与本空后的“more creative”构成并列，故填high的比较级。这里是将员工工作时间和人体的自然睡眠模式一致时与员工被剥夺了睡眠时间时相比较。
3．The the opposite是“the ＋形容词”表示一类事物。
4．to make be likely to do sth.意思是“很可能会做某事”。
5．Sadly 空格中所填单词在句中修饰整个句子，需用sad的副词形式。
6．putting putting their work schedules in disagreement with their employees' body clocks是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作put与逻辑主语many companies之间是主动关系。
7．pressure 空格中所填单词在句中作along with的宾语且前有the，需用名词；由语境可知此处表示“压力”，故填pressure。
8．from suffer from表示“遭受……痛苦”。
9．that that引导表语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。
10．adjusted/should adjust 句型it is high time that后面从句中的谓语动词用过去式或用“should＋动词原形”，但should不可省略。课时跟踪检测(十五) Language Awareness 3, Culture Corner & Bulletin Board
Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语意思写出单词
1．A formal contract was signed between the two companies.
2．Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
3．Safety regulations are being ignored by company managers in the drive to increase profits.
4．She underwent (经受) an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year.
5．If we had taken such effective (有效的) measures much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now.
6．He was completely ignorant (无知的) about the country's political system.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This time she's leaving for good; you can't expect to see her.
2．I hope the weather will clear up before Sunday.
3．All their attention was focused on only one thing — how to solve the problem of water pollution.
4．When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
5．The robot equipped (equip) with a camera can do many things for mankind.
6．First of all, you have to wash your hands.
7．The festival will be great for our city and for the country as a whole.
8．You will benefit from jogging a lot if you stick to it.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He worked day and night so_that_he_could_support_his_family.
他夜以继日地工作，为的是养活全家。
2．It_seems_that they know what they're doing.
看来，他们知道自己在干什么。
3．It_is_reported_that the production has been put into use.
据报道，这种产品已投入使用。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Holidays often include plans to return home. Since I live close to my parents' home, I __1__ have this chance. One day, I overheard a(n) __2__ between my dad and his caregiver, Sonny.
The stroke left Dad's left side in a sleepy state but the situation was __3__ with his stroke rehabilitation (中风康复). However, he __4__ needs help with moving, dressing, something that we would do with our left side. He must __5__ a caregiver to help him.
That day was particularly __6__ as my dad's arms and legs were not acting properly. That made Dad very __7__. It was during that day that I overheard Sonny tell Dad something __8__.
Sonny said, “Don't __9__， Bill, I will be your left side today.” And I was lost in thoughts of gratitude (感谢) for Sonny and his expression of __10__. Sonny didn't say, “Lean on me __11__ I will do it all.” He __12__ Dad's dignity (尊严) and worth. Sonny saw what needed to be done and did it, assuring Dad that he was there as __13__.
Have you __14__ anyone your left side This is hard for me __15__ I am the spokesperson for the club with the title, “If I can do anything, just let me __16__.” I am willing to help people and always __17__ for other people to come to me and tell me they need help. To turn intention (意图) into action is the balance I __18__.
But Sonny turned intention into action. He clearly knew another's __19__ and acted. He served that day and __20__ today to serve as my dad's left side.
语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者假期探访父母时偶然听到瘫痪在床的父亲和护工桑尼的一段对话，让作者感受颇深。
1．A.hardly B．particularly
C．simply D．frequently
解析：选D 根据上文“Since I live close to my parents' home ...”可知，作者住的地方离父母的家很近，所以“经常”有机会去看望父母。
2．A.conversation B．discussion
C．secret D．argument
解析：选A 根据下文可知，此处指作者听到父亲和护工的“对话”。
3．A.judged B．checked
C．improved D．recorded
解析：选C 根据上文“The stroke left Dad's left side in a sleepy state but ...”可知，中风让父亲左边身体失去知觉，但是在康复锻炼中父亲的情况有所“改善”。
4．A.always B．still
C．just D．even
解析：选B 虽然父亲的情况有所改善，但是一些事情“还是”需要别人的帮助。
5．A.rely on B．refer to
C．watch over D．stare at
解析：选A 由于父亲左半身瘫痪，他必须“依靠”桑尼的帮助。
6．A.important B．wonderful
C．unforgettable D．difficult
解析：选D 根据下文“...as my dad's arms and legs were not acting properly”可知，对父亲来说，这一天特别“艰难”。
7．A.relieved B．satisfied
C．frustrated D．puzzled
解析：选C 根据上文“...as my dad's arms and legs were not acting properly”可知，父亲的胳膊和腿不能正常活动，这让父亲非常“沮丧”。
8．A.disturbing B．inspiring
C．subjective D．direct
解析：选B 也就是那天作者意外听到桑尼对父亲说的一些“激励人心”的话。
9．A.try B．stop
C．move D．worry
解析：选D 根据下文“... I will be your left side today”可知，桑尼说：“不要‘担心’……”。
10．A.pleasure B．care
C．surprise D．doubt
解析：选B 根据句中的“gratitude”可知，此处指上文桑尼所说的话，也就是“关心”的表达。
11．A.so B．but
C．and D．or
解析：选C 本题考查逻辑关系，上下文是并列关系。
12．A.kept B．discovered
C．selected D．ignored
解析：选A 联系上文桑尼说的话可以推知，他“维护”了父亲的尊严和价值。
13．A.advice B．support
C．success D．energy
解析：选B 桑尼知道自己该干什么，他能够做到的就是“支持”父亲。
14．A.showed B．passed
C．paid D．offered
解析：选D 由桑尼的态度可知，他是积极主动的，由此可知此处的问题是：你曾经“主动提出”作为任何人的“左半身”吗？
15．A.though B．unless
C．because D．before
解析：选C 根据下文“If I can do anything, just let me ________”可知，作者所做的事情让其很难回答这个问题，“因为”自己做的事情只停留在语言上，而不是行动上。
16．A.go B．comment
C．guess D．know
解析：选D 根据下文“... tell me they need help”可知，作者的意思是以前总会说：“如果我能为你做点什么，告诉我。”
17．A.wait B．look
C．search D．cheer
解析：选A 作者很愿意帮助别人，也一直“等着”别人来告诉作者他需要帮助。
18．A.miss B．avoid
C．seek D．forget
解析：选C 作者要表达的意思是：关键是行动，所以把意图转化为行动是自己一直“追寻”的平衡。
19．A.point B．needs
C．habits D．happiness
解析：选B 结合桑尼的语言和行动可以推知，他知道别人的“需求”然后行动。
20．A.continues B．starts
C．manages D．agrees
解析：选A 分析that day和today的时间关系，再由桑尼的行为可知，今天他仍然“继续着”自己所做的事情。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
There is little doubt that humans used herbs (药草) for healing well before anything could be written about them.
Many authorities recognize Hippocrates as the “father of medicine” for the European tradition. The treatment of the Hippocratic physician reflected his fundamental approach. It was the treatment of an individual, not a disease, and the treatment of the whole body, not any part of it. Treatment was based on the fundamental idea that nature had a strong healing force of its own, and that the main role of the physician was to assist nature in this healing process, rather than to direct it. The main ally of the physician in assisting nature in this process was diet. Only if diet failed were drugs used, and surgery was a last resort.
The great philosopher Aristotle was the son of a medical man and a medical man himself, but his main influence on the development of European medicine was through his student, Theophrastus, called the “father of botany (植物学)”. He was the first known author in Europe of a classification system for plants with accompanying comments about their medicinal value. He described about 450 different medicinal plants. However, this text has not come down through history, and is only noted in later commentaries.
The first document of herbal medicine that is regarded as a medical classic in the European tradition was De Materia Medica by Dioscorides. Dioscorides was a surgeon accompanying the army. He travelled far, collected much information, and gained considerable medical experience. Dioscorides had recorded herb knowledge for 600 plants. The book's pictures were considered the only authoritative ones for European medicinal plants for over 1,000 years. The work was translated into English in 1655, and continued to be the primary reference on European herbs.
Greek medicine continued to improve for several decades after Dioscorides, but it eventually began to stagnate.
语篇解读：草药的使用在欧洲也有很长的历史。本文介绍了希腊医学史上的一些重要人物及著作。
1．The treatment of the Hippocratic physician ________.
A．usually didn't function well
B．was based on the healing power of nature
C．tended to replace diet with drugs
D．relied heavily on surgery
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第二段的“Treatment was based on the fundamental idea that nature had a strong healing force of its own, and that the main role of the physician was to assist nature in this healing process ...”可知B项正确。
2．What can we learn about Theophrastus from the passage
A．He was a student of Hippocrates.
B．He is known as the “father of medicine”．
C．He used a system to classify plants.
D．He wrote a text that was proved wrong by later generations.
解析：选C 细节理解题。从第三段的“He was the first known author in Europe of a classification system for plants ...”可知C项正确。
3．According to the passage, De Materia Medica by Dioscorides ________.
A．has not come down through history
B．recorded about 450 different medicinal plants
C．was originally written in English
D．promoted the development of European medicine
解析：选D 推理判断题。从第四段的“The first document of herbal medicine that is regarded as a medical classic in the European tradition was De Materia Medica by Dioscorides.”可知D项正确。
4．The underlined word “stagnate” in the last paragraph probably means “________”．
A．stop developing B．keep growing
C．enjoy fame D．reduce expenses
解析：选A 词义猜测题。从转折连词but和eventually可知事情向前一分句所描述的相反的方向发展了，前一分句说古希腊的医学持续发展，此处应该是表示“终止、停滞”之类的词语。
Ⅵ.短文改错
Hi, Janice，
It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.
As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. And I started to see this as a time wasting activity! In fact, I don't like to go anymore, so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do If you are me, would you talk to him
Please help with me and give me some advice.
Grace
答案：第一句：want后加to
第二句：tell→told; friend→friends
第四句：sing→singing
第五句：many→much
第七句：so→but
第八句：How→What
第九句：are→were; him→them
第十句：去掉with课时跟踪检测(十一) Warm-up & Lesson 1 — Pre-reading
阅读理解
A
Once upon a time, when you first attended a youth sporting event, your parents probably weren't expecting you to become a professional athlete.They signed up for a basketball, football or swimming course for you in the hope that you might learn lessons about winning gentlemanly, losing with dignity (尊严) and insisting on it when things get hard.Yes, playing games is good exercise, but it is the life lessons that matter most.
For many of us, instead of looking to improve our minds and spirits, we began judging progress only by the size of our muscles or the numbers on a weighing machine.The thought that athletic competition is about greater life lessons and the building of character has been further undermined (削弱) by headlines about professional athletes.
“And yet there's still strong evidence that sports strongly improve certain personal qualities，” says Angela Lumpkin, Professor of the Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Kansas.And that's true for athletes of any age.Amateur sports (业余体育运动) provide a safe place for competition.They also provide a practice ground for managing stress.
The advantages of taking part in a sport can seep (渗透) into your professional life, too.In basketball, for example, “Getting everyone to play the right role on the court is the key to success，” says Alan Arlt, the founder of the Life Time Fitness basketball program Ultimate Hoops.“That is certainly useful in the business world, where everyone understands their role in the organization.”“In athletic events, you go through good and bad times often in the period of two hours，” says former NBA head coach Flip Saunders.“Do you have the calm manner to settle yourself down, or do you totally lose it and get thrown out of the game which hurts both you and your team All of that on court experience has a real effect on how you deal with real life situations.”
语篇解读：参加体育运动不仅是为了强身健体，更重要的是为了提高人的智商和情商。
1．What would parents expect when their children joined in sports
A．To win as many games as possible.
B．To improve their health.
C．To make more friends.
D．To get through difficulties.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“...in the hope that you might learn lessons about winning gentlemanly, losing with dignity (尊严) and insisting on it when things get hard”可知，家长让孩子参加体育运动是希望孩子在运动的过程中学会如何面对困难。
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．People play sports to build their character.
B．People still hold the idea that sports can keep us fit.
C．People keep playing sports to improve minds and spirits.
D．People pay more attention to the news of professional athletes.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“The thought that athletic competition is about greater life lessons and the building of character has been further undermined (削弱) by headlines about professional athletes.”可知，运动对人性格的培养并没有被大家过多关注，反倒是专业运动员的一些花边新闻引起人们的更多关注。
3．Amateur sports are mentioned in Paragraph 3 in order to ________.
A．support Lumpkin's idea
B．introduce the next topic
C．show another piece of evidence
D．show the main idea of the paragraph
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，列举业余运动是为了证明Lumpkin的观点。
4．According to the last paragraph, the sports experience has a real effect on ________.
A．how to succeed in the future
B．how to keep calm in certain situations
C．how to deal with real life situations
D．how to understand the role on the court
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“All of that on court experience has a real effect on how you deal with real life situations.”可推知，运动体验对如何处理真实的生活情境有真正的影响。
B
Many people wake up feeling not rested in the morning. And many of us ignore this problem as the day goes on, forgetting that the restlessness we carry throughout the day might have a cause.
We simply do not give ourselves enough of a chance to sleep. A survey of over 74,000 people found that 35 percent reported sleeping less than seven hours per night on average. Even more, the amount of sleep we allow ourselves has changed greatly over the past 15 years.
This lack (缺乏) of sleep can lead to many problems. One study found that simply limiting yourself to six hours of sleep a night for two weeks made performance on a task as poor as if you had stayed up all night on a single night. Now consider ruling out a few things.
If you intend to try extending (延长) your sleep period, consider giving yourself a chance to sleep longer for a full week. My best advice is to try to sleep in for 3 4 consecutive (连续的) days. Start on the weekend to make it easier. Going to bed earlier doesn't always work, even if you are tired. Your body clock might be programmed in such a way that keeps you from falling asleep quickly, but it might let you sleep in longer.
When you try this, you might find that your problems go away, you feel better, and you wake up feeling more rested. But you might also find that you simply don't need that much sleep and you may have got insomnia (失眠). You might say that this advice is not exactly rocket science, but, given the bad influence of sleeping problems, it might at least be brain science.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。作者在本文告诉我们如果有睡眠问题，可以尝试在某个阶段逼迫自己多睡会。
5．What do many people do with their restlessness
A．They think nothing of it.
B．They receive treatment.
C．They worry a lot about it.
D．They feel hopeless about it.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And many of us ignore this problem as the day goes on ...”可知，很多人早晨起床觉得没休息好，而大多数人对这个问题也不重视。
6．What is stressed in Paragraph 2
A．What causes sleep problems.
B．How serious sleep problems are.
C．How dangerous sleep problems are.
D．What to do to avoid sleep problems.
解析：选B 段落大意题。从内容上看，第二段主要用数据说明了人们睡眠时间的减少，说明了睡眠问题的严重性。
7．What are we advised to do to improve our sleep
A．Change our body clock.
B．Avoid being tired in the day.
C．Force ourselves to sleep more.
D．Spend every weekend sleeping.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段的“... consider giving yourself a chance to sleep longer for a full week”可知，作者建议人们强迫自己一周内多睡觉。
8．What does the author think of his suggestion
A．It is worth trying.
B．It can solve sleep problems.
C．It is the best way to keep healthy.
D．It will certainly make people feel rested.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“... but, given the bad influence of sleeping problems, it might at least be brain science”可知，作者觉得自己提出的强制睡眠的建议是值得尝试的。
C
I know what you're thinking: Pizza？For breakfast But the truth is that you can have last night's leftovers in the morning if you want to.
I know lots of women who skip breakfast, and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it.Some say they don't have time, others think they're “saving” calories (卡路里), and still others just don't like breakfast food.
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you're trying to lose weight.“Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all，” says Katherine Brooking, R．D., who developed the super easy eating plan for this year's “SELF CHALLENGE”．And even pizza can be healthy if it's loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories.Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day.Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything.I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice.I say, try heating up last night's leftovers — it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow，” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it ... you may save yourself some pre bedtime calories.And watch your body gain the fat burning effects.
语篇解读：正在减肥的人们到底应不应该吃早餐？本文说明了吃早餐的重要性。吃早餐对健康有益，同时有助于减肥。
9．The word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A．remaining food after a meal
B．things left undone
C．meals made of vegetables
D．pizza topped with fruit
解析：选A 词义猜测题。结合最后一段的“... instead of eating more that night”及画线词的构词(left＋over)可推知，该词意为“剩饭菜”。
10．What can we infer from the text
A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.
B．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.
C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.
D．Eating vegetables helps save energy.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段及文章中强调的吃早餐的重要性及不应该不吃早餐可推知，现在很多人对早餐有错误的认识。
11．According to the last paragraph, it is important to ________.
A．eat something for breakfast
B．be careful about what you eat
C．heat up food before eating it
D．eat calorie controlled food
解析：选A 细节理解题。最后一段第一句话告诉我们：早餐吃什么都可以，但要吃。
12．The text is written mainly for those ________.
A．who go to work early
B．who want to lose weight
C．who stay up late
D．who eat before sleep
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句、第四段第一句及最后一段最后两句可推知，本文的主要阅读对象是想要减肥的人们。
