人教版（2019） 选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 First Aid Discover useful structures 课件-(43张ppt)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019） 选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 First Aid Discover useful structures 课件-(43张ppt) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-01-05 01:43:04 | ||
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(共43张PPT)
U5 FIRST AID
Learning About Language
Grammer
课前复习
1.We volunteered to collect money to help the (受害者) of the earthquake.
2.This (技能) is useful but it has its limitations.
3.Do you want to tour the ancient city wall of Xi’an wearing a gown(长裙)with (/lu s/) sleeves
4.I had to see a doctor, because my eyes were so (swell) that I hardly saw anything.
5. is known to us,our country has made many preparations to host the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
victims
technique
loose
swollen
As
课文语法填空
As an essential part and largest organ of our body, the skin has many important functions. As you can imagine, (get) burnt can lead to very serious (injury), which need first aid in time.
We can get burnt by a (various) of things, like hot liquids, fire or some chemicals. Depending on the depth of skin damage, burns can (divide) into three types: first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns. For first-degree burns, first, place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. Second, dry the burnt area (gentle) with a clean cloth. Meanwhile, if it is necessary, remove any clothes using scissors, you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. Then cover the burnt area a loose clean cloth. Don’t apply oil to the injured areas. It is of great urgency (take) the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns to the hospital right away.
the
getting
injuries
variety
be divided
gently
unless
with
.to take
who/that
1.What is the function of the- ing form in each sentence below
2.Can you express the same ideas without using the -ing form
1 As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
作主语
As you can imagine， if you get burnt，it can lead to very serious injuries.
2 The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
作表语
The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is to give first aid.
3 It is best to place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.
作定语
It is best to run some cool water and place burns under it， especially within the first ten minutes.
1.What is the function of the- ing form in each sentence below
2.Can you express the same ideas without using the -ing form
4 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
作状语；宾语补足语
Use scissors to remove any clothes if necessary， unless you find that the fabric sticks to the burnt skin.
5 You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
作宾语
To protect the burnt area， you can cover it with a loose clean cloth.
Summary
-ing的句法功能
1.作定语:说明被修饰词的性质、特征、用途，或所修饰的人/事物的动作、状态，如:
a visiting scholar、the girl wearing a red hat。
2.作表语:说明主语的性质、状态或内容，如 :
·The film is interesting. ·His hobby is collecting stamps.
3.作宾语补足语:补充说明宾语正在进行的感官动作、心理状态或使役动作等，如:
· I smell something burning in the kitchen.
·They kept us waiting for over two hours yesterday.
你学会了吗？
Summary
-ing的句法功能
4.作状语:表示动作发生的时间、条件、结果、原因或伴随状况等，如:
Seeing those pictures, he remembered his childhood.
5.作主语:表示事物化、抽象化概念， 如:
· Seeing is believing.
· It's no use crying over spit milk.
6.作宾语:表示动作的对象，或代替it作真正的宾语，如:
·We tried to avoid making mistakes.
· I don't think it possible living in such a cold place.
你学会了吗？
1.Replace each underlined part with a suitable -ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary.
2.Work with a partner and summarise the different structures of the -ing form. When is each one used
1 When he got out of the bathtub，he slipped and fell on the floor.
→When getting out of the bathtub， he slipped and fell on the floor.
2 Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week
→ Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week
3 She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers.
→Having been told about the risk of electric shocks，she was very careful while using hairdryers.
1.Replace each underlined part with a suitable -ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary.
2.Work with a partner and summarise the different structures of the -ing form. When is each one used
4 Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents，he touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.
→ Not being watched carefully by his parents，the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.
5 After she had been bitten by mosquitoes，she applied some medicine to her skin.
→After being/having been bitten by mosquitoes，she applied some medicine to her skin.
Mrs Taylor was an elderly woman （live） alone. One day，she was in her living room cleaning the windows，when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body. ___________（try）to walk to her sofa to sit down，she fell over onto the carpet . Then she realised that she could not get up，and that she was having trouble ___________ （breathe）. Fortunately，she had her mobile phone with her，and she was able to reach it with her left hand while ___________ （lie）on the floor. Her mobile phone ___________________ （already，set up） to call an emergency number at the push of a button， so it was easy to call for help. While attempting to
living
Trying
breathing
lying
was already set up
定语
补语
状语
状语
状语
谓语动词，不要填错哦
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the given words. What happened to Mrs Taylor
talk to the operator，Mrs Taylor discovered that she could not speak. ___________ （not，hear） an answer，the operator knew that Mrs Taylor must be in trouble . Telling Mrs Taylor that everything would be OK，she immediately sent an ambulance . After ___________ （arrive），the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen，put in an IV needle，and checked her vital signs . ___________ （take）to the hospital and treated immediately，Mrs Taylor’s health was in no great danger，though she had to stay in the hospital ward . After a week，her ___________ （frighten） experience was over， and she was allowed to go home.
Not hearing
arriving
Having been taken
frightening
She had a stroke when she was alone at home. She called for an ambulance and was saved in time.
状语
宾语
状语
定语
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the given words. What happened to Mrs Taylor
Make sentences with the following clues. Then try to form a logical paragraph by putting some of the sentences together. Pay attention to the use of the -ing form.
Reacting rapidly in times of emergency…
Reacting rapidly in times of emergency is of urgent importance.
Not hesitating for a single second,…
Not hesitating for a single second，Paul ran to help the victim.
Having called the ambulance,…
Having called the ambulance，Paul began rescue breathing.
I stopped his bleeding by…
I stopped his bleeding by pressing down on the wound with a piece of gauze.
Make sentences with the following clues. Then try to form a logical paragraph by putting some of the sentences together. Pay attention to the use of the -ing form.
4.When carrying out rescue breathing,..
When carrying out rescue breathing，it is important to clear the victim’s mouth and tilt his head back.
5.Being educated on how to respond to life-threatening situations, ...
Being educated on how to respond to life-threatening situations，Paul was confident that he knew what to do.
6.The man was thankful for ...
The man was thankful for Paul’s quick action in saving his life.
Make sentences with the following clues. Then try to form a logical paragraph by putting some of the sentences together. Pay attention to the use of the -ing form.
It was an inspiring experience and I think in the future I'll keep …
It was an inspiring experience and I think in the future I’ll keep learning new life-saving techniques.
To learn more first-aid techniques, I'm considering …
To learn more first-aid techniques，I’m considering signing up for lessons at the Red Cross.
When I saw blood flowing out from his arm, I couldn't help…
When I saw blood flowing out from his arm，I couldn’t help but run to his aid.
The other day when Paul was walking in a park，he saw a young man lying face down in a pool of water. Being educated on how to respond to life-threatening situations，Paul was confident that he knew what to do. Not hesitating for a single second，Paul ran to help the victim. He pulled the man from the water and saw that he was no longer breathing. Having called the ambulance，Paul began rescue breathing. When carrying out rescue breathing，it is important to clear the victim’s mouth and tilt his head back. Paul continued doing this until the ambulance arrived. They were able to revive him. The man was thankful for Paul’s quick action in saving his life. Reacting rapidly in times of emergency is of urgent importance.
Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
1 What should people do when facing a frightening experience like Mrs Taylor’s
When having a frightening experience like Mrs Taylor’s，people should try to get help，like she did.
2 What are some risks that elderly people may encounter when living alone
When living alone，elderly people may fall or get injured，and not be able to help themselves or even call for help.
3 What can we do to help prevent elderly people from taking unnecessary risks
To help prevent elderly people from taking unnecessary risks，we should make sure that their homes are easy to get around in，with handrails（扶手）， ramps（斜坡） instead of stairs，and even walking surfaces（人行道）.
单元语法
复习动词 -ing 形式
动词 -ing 形式的变化 （以 do 为例）
主动式 被动式 否定式
一般式 doing being done not doing/being done
完成式 having done having been done not having been done
（1）动词 -ing 形式的一般式：doing 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，
或表示一般情况。
During the rosy years of elementary school，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes.
在小学的美好岁月里，我喜欢分享我的玩具和笑话。
（2）动词 -ing 形式的完成式：having done 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
Having returned from a long bike ride，I was tired and bathed in sweat.
骑自行车跑了很长一段路返回后，我身体疲惫，汗流浃背。
（3）动词 -ing 形式的主动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者。
He insisted on participating in voluntary work every week. 他坚持每周参加志愿活动。
附：单元语法精讲精练
（4）动词 -ing 形式的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。
He can’t stand being blamed for others’ fault. 他忍受不了因为别人的过错而受责备。
（5）动词 -ing 形式的复合结构
动词 -ing 形式加上自己的逻辑主语，便构成了动词 -ing 形式的复合结构。其逻辑
主语可以是形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格、名词普通格。
位于句首时，逻辑主语只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
Tom’s/His being outspoken won our respect.汤姆的坦诚赢得了我们的尊敬。
We are looking forward to his/him/Tom’s/Tom coming to deliver a speech to us.
我们盼望着他 / 汤姆来给我们作演讲。
指出下列句中动词 -ing 形式
(1) As is often the case，nobody likes being laughed at in public. __________
(2) He is very kind and likes helping those who are in trouble. __________
(3) On seeing the rescue workers，they felt a sense of relief and tears flooded their eyes.__________
(4) Not having received the helmet and boot，I telephoned the seller. __________
(5) Mary’s not passing the exam made her mother very angry. __________
单句语法填空
(6)Every student was silent， （wait）to see who would be called upon to read his
or her paragraph aloud.
(7) （wait） in the rain for half an hour，the audience began to feel impatient.
(8) （cause） great damage to the town，the rain stopped at last.
(9)The car broke down on the way， （cause） the delay.
(10)The old man insisted on （give）the night shift，saying he had no one
to take care of.
被动式
主动式
一般式
完成式
-ing 形式的复合结构
waiting
Having waited
Having caused
causing
being given
2 动词 -ing 形式作主语
（1）位置
动词 -ing 形式作主语时通常有两种位置：一种是位于句首，另一种是 it 作形式主语，
而将动词 -ing 形式后置。
Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
建立一个梦想团队比简单地雇用最好的人才更复杂。
【学法点拨】
单个的动词 -ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Having seen a lot of the world in one’s youth is a good thing.
年轻时见过很多世面是一件好事。
（2）常用动词 -ing 形式作主语的句型
It is a waste of time doing... 做……是浪费时间。
It is no good/use doing... 做……是没用的。
It is worthwhile doing... 做……是值得的。
It is no fun doing... 做……没有乐趣。
It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter. 同他争辩这件事是浪费时间。
It is no good/use regretting. 悔恨是没用的。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶已洒，哭也白搭。（覆水难收。）
（3）动词 -ing 形式和 to do 作主语时的区别
动词 -ing 形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，而不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性
的动作。
Singing is my hobby，and to sing at the concert is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好，在音乐会上唱歌是我的梦想。
单句语法填空
(1) （relearn） the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple，although it takes
practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
(2) As a chef， （study）Chinese cuisine is what he often does whether in work or at home.
(3) It’s a waste of time just （wait）. We should engage ourselves in the search work.
(4) （expose） to loud noise can do damage to your hearing.
(5) （share） is also a way to cut down living expenses.
完成句子
(6) （怀疑他没有用）. We need to find out some evidence.
(7) （期待……是没用的） the teacher to overlook your careless
mistakes.
Relearning
studying
waiting
Being exposed
Sharing
It is no use suspecting him
It is no good expecting
3 动词 -ing 形式作表语
（1）动词 -ing 形式作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容或者某种性质
或特征，表语和主语常可互换位置。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是使演讲厅尽可能地干净。
（2）动词 -ing 形式作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类动词 -ing 形式通常可以看作
形容词。
Bacteria are annoying for astronauts in space.细菌对于在太空的宇航员来说是很烦人的。
【误区警示】
动词 -ing 形式作表语表抽象的一般性的行为，而不定式作表语表一次具体的动作或将要
发生的事。
Tony’s hobby is drawing，but now what he wants to do is（to） dance.
托尼的爱好是画画，可是现在他想要做的是跳舞。
单句语法填空
(1) Judging from his look，the news was （shock）.
(2) The situation both at home and abroad is very （inspire）.
(3) One part of his work is （make）monthly advertising budgets.
(4) One mistake you made is （ignore）the difference between the two findings.
(5) Your task for the next few days is （read） the adaptation from the novel.
shocking
inspiring
making
ignoring
to read
4 动词 -ing 形式作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的常用动词（短语）有：
avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免 错过 少延期
advise/ suggest，finish，practise 建议 完成 多练习
enjoy，imagine，can’t help 喜欢 想象 禁不住
admit，deny，envy 承认 否定 与嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse 逃避 冒险 莫原谅
stand，keep，mind 忍受 保持 不介意
To avoid being noticed，he slipped into the room.为了不被注意到，他悄悄地溜进房间。
（2）作介词的宾语
常用动词 -ing 形式作宾语的短语有：give up，dream of，be fond of，be concerned about，feel like，insist on，think of，set about 等。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。
【误区警示】
下列短语中的 to 是介词，后应接动词 -ing 形式作宾语。
be addicted to，be accustomed to，devote oneself to，be used to，look forward to，get down to，stick to，object to，pay attention to，lead to，contribute to
【学法点拨】
(1) 动词-ing形式作宾语时，如果动作不是主语发出，则需加逻辑主语。
Would you mind opening the window 你介意打开窗户吗？
Would you mind me/my /Tom/ Tom’s opening the window 你介意我 / 汤姆打开窗户吗？
(2) 当不强调动作先后时既可以用doing也可以用having done作宾语。
He admitted having referred /referring to his notes in the exam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
(3) 接动词 -ing 形式或 to do 作宾语时意义差别不大的动词有：begin，start，continue，like，
love，prefer，hate 等。
Statistics show that prices will continue rising/to rise. 统计数据显示，物价将持续上涨。
(4) 接动词 -ing 形式或 to do 作宾语时意义差别较大的动词有：
remember/forget to do sth. 记着 / 忘记要做某事
remember/forget doing sth. 记着 / 忘记做过某事
regret to do/ doing sth. 遗憾要做 / 后悔做了某事
try to do/ doing sth. 努力做 / 试着做某事
mean to do/ doing sth. 打算做 / 意味着做某事
stop to do/ doing sth. 停下来去做（另一件事）/ 停止做某事
can’t help（to） do/doing sth. 不能帮忙做 / 禁不住做某事
They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.
他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。
They stopped working and had a rest.
他们停止工作，休息了一下
(5) 动词 think/consider/find/feel/believe 后面可以用 it 作形式宾语，动词 -ing 形式作真正的宾语
Do you consider it good trying again 你觉得再试一次有用吗？
(6) 动词 -ing 形式作介词宾语，介词可省略的短语有：
spend time/money（in） doing
be busy（in） doing
prevent/stop sb.（from） doing
have trouble/difficulty/a problem/a good time（in） doing
The police had much difficulty（in）finding out the connection between the man and the case.
警方颇费周折才查明这个人与该案的关联。
(7) 主动形式表被动意义
need，require，want 作“需要”讲时，接动词 -ing 形式作宾语，表示被动含义，
相当于 to be done。
The room needs equipping /to be equipped with a video camera.
这个房间需要安装一台摄像机。
单句语法填空
(1) When it comes to （give） first aid，we should learn from this paramedic.
(2) Some people believe that they can’t help （put）on weight as they get older.
(3) I’d advise （buy）your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August.
(4) He regretted （select）this mobile phone which cost him
an arm and a leg.
(5) Generally speaking，many companies prefer employing a skilled worker to （employ）
a new graduate who has no practical experience.
(6)The chance of （attack）by a shark is very little compared to other dangers.
(7) Several of these washers and dryers are out of order and need （repair）.
(8)The band was looking forward to （become）famous overnight.
(9) To be honest，I have never imagined him （wander）aimlessly deep into night.
(10) I remember the boss （look）this thin girl over and telling me I had a week to prove
I could do it.
giving
putting
buying
selecting/ having selected
employing
being attacked
repairing
becoming
wandering
looking
(11)When I arrived home，my daughter pretended to be practising （play）the piano.
(12) In this way，you are able to keep it on your radar for a while without （feel）
pressured.
(13) She suggested us （go）to the Great Wall for the spring outing.
(14) The advisor spent much time （observe）every student’s characters.
完成句子
(15) In the face of the big fire，many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out to
（逃避被大火烧到）.
(16) I didn’t mean （吃东西）but the ice cream looked so good that I
____________________（忍不住尝了尝）.
(17) In my mind，they help us to become calm and （考虑要去赢）
and solving real problems as well.
(18) She is very proud and can’t stand （被瞧不起）by others.
playing
feeling
going
observing
escape being burned
to eat anything
couldn’t help trying it
consider winning
being looked down upon
5 动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语
动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾补是主动关系。
（1） 作动词的宾语补足语
能跟动词 -ing 形式作宾补，常见的感官动词有：see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，
listen to，look at，notice，observe；其他动词有 set，keep，have，get，leave，catch 等。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用电脑来保持交通畅通。
【误区警示】
①感官动词后用 doing 作宾补表示动作正在进行；用 do 作宾补表示动作的全过程。
I saw Linda whispering to Danny.
我看见琳达正在和丹尼交头接耳。（表示动作正在进行）
I saw Linda whisper to Danny.
我看见琳达和丹尼交头接耳。（表示动作的全过程）
②有些动词，如 regard，describe，accept，think of，look on 后，可由as 引出动词-ing 形式
作宾补。
They describe the film starring Louis as being attractive.
他们说那部由路易斯主演的影片很吸引人。
（2）作介词 with 的宾补
在 “with+ 宾语 +doing” 结构中，doing 表示主动或进行。
With the final exam approaching，the students are studying harder.
由于期末考试要到了，学生们学习更加努力了。
【误区警示】
“with+ 宾语 +done”表示被动或完成；“with+ 宾语 +to do”表示尚未发生。
He lay in bed with his eyes focused on the ceiling.他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。
With an interview to take，he felt a little nervous.要参加面试，他感到有点儿紧张。
单句语法填空
(1)We shouldn’t keep him （continue）to waste his time playing games.
(2) When I came in，I saw Linda （comfort） the crying girl.
(3) China’s image is improving steadily，with more countries （recognize） its role in
international affairs.
(4) After the party，most guests left，with only two of them （remain） in the
host family，helping her clean up.
(5) The young man was caught （steal）his neighbour’s water pump.
(6) The living room is clean and tidy，with a Christmas tree （stand）in the middle.
(7) He was just about to sit down when he felt something （move）near his feet.
(8) Hearing the scream，the operator rushed out，leaving the machine still （run）.
(9) We held our breath when watching the doctor （deal ） with the swollen skin.
continuing
comforting
recognizing
remaining
stealing
standing
moving
running
dealing
6 动词 -ing 形式作定语
（1）表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，意为“供……用”，相当于介词 for 短语，常置于
被修饰词之前。
a sleeping car = a car for sleep 卧铺车厢 a waiting room = a room for waiting 候车室
a bathing cap = a cap for bathing 浴帽 a walking stick = a stick for walking 拐杖
（2）表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与动词 -ing 形式之间是主动关系，相当于一个
定语从句。单个的动词 -ing 形式作定语时，放在被修饰词之前；动词 -ing 形式短语
作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后。
a singing bird = a bird that is sing 正在唱歌的鸟儿
The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
=The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
在舞台上表演的那个女孩有舞蹈天赋
【误区警示】
动词 -ing 形式的完成式 having done 一般只用来作状语，不作定语。
被地震破坏的庙宇很快将被重建。
The tower having been destroyed will be rebuilt.（×）
The tower which has been destroyed will be rebuilt.（√）
【学法点拨】
过去分词、现在分词的被动式和动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别：
(1) 过去分词作定语（done）表示被动，动作已完成。
the stadium built last year（已经建完）
(2) 动词 -ing 形式的被动式作定语（being done）表示被动，动作正在发生。
the stadium being built now（正在被建）
(3) 不定式的被动式作定语（to be done）表示被动，动作将要发生。
the stadium to be built next year（将要建造）
单句语法填空
(1)The next thing he saw was smoke （rise） from behind the house.
(2) Generally speaking，the flowers （smell） sweet can attract more bees.
(3)A woman asked the school to accept her son，who has a （hear）disability.
(4) Look over there—there’s a winding path （lead） to the house.
(5)She got an e-mail （ask） for her credit card account number.
(6) There’s a note pinned to the door （say） when the shop will open.
完成句子
(7) These old houses （追溯到）the 1500s are under repair now.
(8) Advertisers attempt to catch the readers’ interest with pictures and （令人兴奋
的标题）.
(9) Today there are more airplanes （载着更多人） than ever before in the sky.
rising
smelling
hearing
leading
asking
saying
dating back to
exciting headlines
carrying more people
7 动词 -ing 形式作状语
动词 -ing 形式作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等，且可以
转换成相应的状语从句或并列句中的一个分句。
（1）时间状语
动词 -ing 形式作时间状语，相当于 when，while 等引导的时间状语从句。
Seeing the old photos，I remembered my adolescence.看到这些老照片，我想起了我的青春期。
（2）原因状语
动词 -ing 形式作原因状语，一般位于句首，相当于 as, since, because 等引导的原因状语从句。
Having been threatened by a robber，he dared not go to the police.
由于受到强盗的威胁，他不敢报警。
（3）条件状语
动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于 if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Going straight down the road，you will find the canteen.
沿着这条路直走，你就会找到食堂。
（4）让步状语
动词 -ing 形式作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。
Having failed many times，I still have faith in my future.
尽管失败多次，我仍然对未来充满信心。
（5）结果状语
动词 -ing 形式作结果状语，表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末。有时为了突出结果，前
可加 thus，相当于一个含有并列谓语的简单句。
The wind swept through the window，making the room very cool.
= The wind swept through the window，and made the room very cool.
风吹过窗户，使得房间里非常凉爽。
【误区警示】
动词 -ing 形式作结果状语时表示必然的结果，而不定式作结果状语表示一种出乎意料的
结果，常与 only，never 连用。
He lifted the stone only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
（6）方式或伴随状语
动词 -ing 形式作方式或伴随状语时，动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。表示伴随或方式
的动词 -ing 形式可与句子一起转换成 and连接的并列成分。
Tom slowly walked away，complaining about the cold weather.
Tom slowly walked away，and complained about the cold weather.
汤姆慢慢地走开了，抱怨天气太冷。
（7）连词 + 动词 -ing 形式
动词 -ing 形式作状语时，可以根据意义在其前加上连词，如when，once，though，
although，unless，as if/ though，even if/ though等，表示更加明确的含义。有时这类结构
也可视为状语从句的省略。
Though having been there twice，he still couldn’t find the room.
尽管去过那里两次，他仍然找不到那个房间。
（8）独立成分
有少数动词 -ing 形式并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度，称为分词的
独立成分。常用的这类独立成分有：
generally/ strictly speaking 一般说来 / 严格地说
frankly/ honestly speaking 坦白地说 / 诚实地说
judging from/by... 由……判断 talking of... 谈到……
Honestly speaking，all of his savings are donated to the homeless.
说实话，他所有的积蓄都捐给了无家可归的人。
（9）独立主格结构
动词 -ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语如果不是句子主语，则需要加自己的逻辑主语，
构成独立主格结构，即：名词 / 代词 +doing。
It being Sunday，many people go to the gymnasium to work out.
今天是周日，很多人都去健身房锻炼。
【误区警示】
独立主格的特点是意思完整，但没有谓语动词，所以不是句子，不需要连词，而状语从句
则须有连词连接主从句。
If weather permits，I will make a trip to Inner Mongolia.
=Weather permitting，I will make a trip to Inner Mongolia.
如果天气允许，我将去内蒙古旅行。
单句语法填空
(1) I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C， （think） of beaches and orange trees.
(2) You have to prepare the next question （depend） on the presentation.
(3) （walk） in the street，he felt really free and pleased.
(4) Unless （see）the changes with your own eyes，you will never believe their greatness.
(5) （speak）up his opinion，he set down to organize a group.
(6) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do （work）with students.
(7) （try）many times，he still couldn’t figure out their link.
(8) A city is the product of the human hand and mind， （show） man’s intelligence and
creativity.
(9) We all grew up （hear） people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”.
(10) （collect ）all the necessary material，she began to write her report.
thinking
depending
Walking
seeing
Having spoken
working
Having tried
showing
hearing
Having collected
(11) All the people cheered loudly， （say）I was a gifted footballer.
完成句子
(12) （被告诉很多次了），he finally understood it.
(13) （收割庄稼时）in the field，he got his hand injured.
(14) （受到责备） for the mistake，Jim felt a little depressed.
句型转换
(15) After we have made full preparations，we are ready for the exam.
→ ，we are ready for the exam.
(16) As he felt tired at the end of the journey，she soon fell asleep.
→ at the end of the journey，she soon fell asleep.
(17) The meeting having been over，we all left the room and drove home.
→ ，so we all left the room and drove home.
(18) Once you lose this chance，you can’t easily find it back.
→ ，you can’t easily find it back.
saying
Having been told many times
When harvesting crops
Having been blamed
Feeling tired
Having made full preparations
The meeting was over
Once losing this chance
U5 FIRST AID
Learning About Language
Grammer
课前复习
1.We volunteered to collect money to help the (受害者) of the earthquake.
2.This (技能) is useful but it has its limitations.
3.Do you want to tour the ancient city wall of Xi’an wearing a gown(长裙)with (/lu s/) sleeves
4.I had to see a doctor, because my eyes were so (swell) that I hardly saw anything.
5. is known to us,our country has made many preparations to host the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
victims
technique
loose
swollen
As
课文语法填空
As an essential part and largest organ of our body, the skin has many important functions. As you can imagine, (get) burnt can lead to very serious (injury), which need first aid in time.
We can get burnt by a (various) of things, like hot liquids, fire or some chemicals. Depending on the depth of skin damage, burns can (divide) into three types: first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns. For first-degree burns, first, place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. Second, dry the burnt area (gentle) with a clean cloth. Meanwhile, if it is necessary, remove any clothes using scissors, you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. Then cover the burnt area a loose clean cloth. Don’t apply oil to the injured areas. It is of great urgency (take) the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns to the hospital right away.
the
getting
injuries
variety
be divided
gently
unless
with
.to take
who/that
1.What is the function of the- ing form in each sentence below
2.Can you express the same ideas without using the -ing form
1 As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
作主语
As you can imagine， if you get burnt，it can lead to very serious injuries.
2 The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
作表语
The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is to give first aid.
3 It is best to place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.
作定语
It is best to run some cool water and place burns under it， especially within the first ten minutes.
1.What is the function of the- ing form in each sentence below
2.Can you express the same ideas without using the -ing form
4 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
作状语；宾语补足语
Use scissors to remove any clothes if necessary， unless you find that the fabric sticks to the burnt skin.
5 You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
作宾语
To protect the burnt area， you can cover it with a loose clean cloth.
Summary
-ing的句法功能
1.作定语:说明被修饰词的性质、特征、用途，或所修饰的人/事物的动作、状态，如:
a visiting scholar、the girl wearing a red hat。
2.作表语:说明主语的性质、状态或内容，如 :
·The film is interesting. ·His hobby is collecting stamps.
3.作宾语补足语:补充说明宾语正在进行的感官动作、心理状态或使役动作等，如:
· I smell something burning in the kitchen.
·They kept us waiting for over two hours yesterday.
你学会了吗？
Summary
-ing的句法功能
4.作状语:表示动作发生的时间、条件、结果、原因或伴随状况等，如:
Seeing those pictures, he remembered his childhood.
5.作主语:表示事物化、抽象化概念， 如:
· Seeing is believing.
· It's no use crying over spit milk.
6.作宾语:表示动作的对象，或代替it作真正的宾语，如:
·We tried to avoid making mistakes.
· I don't think it possible living in such a cold place.
你学会了吗？
1.Replace each underlined part with a suitable -ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary.
2.Work with a partner and summarise the different structures of the -ing form. When is each one used
1 When he got out of the bathtub，he slipped and fell on the floor.
→When getting out of the bathtub， he slipped and fell on the floor.
2 Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week
→ Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week
3 She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers.
→Having been told about the risk of electric shocks，she was very careful while using hairdryers.
1.Replace each underlined part with a suitable -ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary.
2.Work with a partner and summarise the different structures of the -ing form. When is each one used
4 Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents，he touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.
→ Not being watched carefully by his parents，the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.
5 After she had been bitten by mosquitoes，she applied some medicine to her skin.
→After being/having been bitten by mosquitoes，she applied some medicine to her skin.
Mrs Taylor was an elderly woman （live） alone. One day，she was in her living room cleaning the windows，when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body. ___________（try）to walk to her sofa to sit down，she fell over onto the carpet . Then she realised that she could not get up，and that she was having trouble ___________ （breathe）. Fortunately，she had her mobile phone with her，and she was able to reach it with her left hand while ___________ （lie）on the floor. Her mobile phone ___________________ （already，set up） to call an emergency number at the push of a button， so it was easy to call for help. While attempting to
living
Trying
breathing
lying
was already set up
定语
补语
状语
状语
状语
谓语动词，不要填错哦
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the given words. What happened to Mrs Taylor
talk to the operator，Mrs Taylor discovered that she could not speak. ___________ （not，hear） an answer，the operator knew that Mrs Taylor must be in trouble . Telling Mrs Taylor that everything would be OK，she immediately sent an ambulance . After ___________ （arrive），the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen，put in an IV needle，and checked her vital signs . ___________ （take）to the hospital and treated immediately，Mrs Taylor’s health was in no great danger，though she had to stay in the hospital ward . After a week，her ___________ （frighten） experience was over， and she was allowed to go home.
Not hearing
arriving
Having been taken
frightening
She had a stroke when she was alone at home. She called for an ambulance and was saved in time.
状语
宾语
状语
定语
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the given words. What happened to Mrs Taylor
Make sentences with the following clues. Then try to form a logical paragraph by putting some of the sentences together. Pay attention to the use of the -ing form.
Reacting rapidly in times of emergency…
Reacting rapidly in times of emergency is of urgent importance.
Not hesitating for a single second,…
Not hesitating for a single second，Paul ran to help the victim.
Having called the ambulance,…
Having called the ambulance，Paul began rescue breathing.
I stopped his bleeding by…
I stopped his bleeding by pressing down on the wound with a piece of gauze.
Make sentences with the following clues. Then try to form a logical paragraph by putting some of the sentences together. Pay attention to the use of the -ing form.
4.When carrying out rescue breathing,..
When carrying out rescue breathing，it is important to clear the victim’s mouth and tilt his head back.
5.Being educated on how to respond to life-threatening situations, ...
Being educated on how to respond to life-threatening situations，Paul was confident that he knew what to do.
6.The man was thankful for ...
The man was thankful for Paul’s quick action in saving his life.
Make sentences with the following clues. Then try to form a logical paragraph by putting some of the sentences together. Pay attention to the use of the -ing form.
It was an inspiring experience and I think in the future I'll keep …
It was an inspiring experience and I think in the future I’ll keep learning new life-saving techniques.
To learn more first-aid techniques, I'm considering …
To learn more first-aid techniques，I’m considering signing up for lessons at the Red Cross.
When I saw blood flowing out from his arm, I couldn't help…
When I saw blood flowing out from his arm，I couldn’t help but run to his aid.
The other day when Paul was walking in a park，he saw a young man lying face down in a pool of water. Being educated on how to respond to life-threatening situations，Paul was confident that he knew what to do. Not hesitating for a single second，Paul ran to help the victim. He pulled the man from the water and saw that he was no longer breathing. Having called the ambulance，Paul began rescue breathing. When carrying out rescue breathing，it is important to clear the victim’s mouth and tilt his head back. Paul continued doing this until the ambulance arrived. They were able to revive him. The man was thankful for Paul’s quick action in saving his life. Reacting rapidly in times of emergency is of urgent importance.
Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
1 What should people do when facing a frightening experience like Mrs Taylor’s
When having a frightening experience like Mrs Taylor’s，people should try to get help，like she did.
2 What are some risks that elderly people may encounter when living alone
When living alone，elderly people may fall or get injured，and not be able to help themselves or even call for help.
3 What can we do to help prevent elderly people from taking unnecessary risks
To help prevent elderly people from taking unnecessary risks，we should make sure that their homes are easy to get around in，with handrails（扶手）， ramps（斜坡） instead of stairs，and even walking surfaces（人行道）.
单元语法
复习动词 -ing 形式
动词 -ing 形式的变化 （以 do 为例）
主动式 被动式 否定式
一般式 doing being done not doing/being done
完成式 having done having been done not having been done
（1）动词 -ing 形式的一般式：doing 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，
或表示一般情况。
During the rosy years of elementary school，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes.
在小学的美好岁月里，我喜欢分享我的玩具和笑话。
（2）动词 -ing 形式的完成式：having done 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
Having returned from a long bike ride，I was tired and bathed in sweat.
骑自行车跑了很长一段路返回后，我身体疲惫，汗流浃背。
（3）动词 -ing 形式的主动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者。
He insisted on participating in voluntary work every week. 他坚持每周参加志愿活动。
附：单元语法精讲精练
（4）动词 -ing 形式的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。
He can’t stand being blamed for others’ fault. 他忍受不了因为别人的过错而受责备。
（5）动词 -ing 形式的复合结构
动词 -ing 形式加上自己的逻辑主语，便构成了动词 -ing 形式的复合结构。其逻辑
主语可以是形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格、名词普通格。
位于句首时，逻辑主语只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
Tom’s/His being outspoken won our respect.汤姆的坦诚赢得了我们的尊敬。
We are looking forward to his/him/Tom’s/Tom coming to deliver a speech to us.
我们盼望着他 / 汤姆来给我们作演讲。
指出下列句中动词 -ing 形式
(1) As is often the case，nobody likes being laughed at in public. __________
(2) He is very kind and likes helping those who are in trouble. __________
(3) On seeing the rescue workers，they felt a sense of relief and tears flooded their eyes.__________
(4) Not having received the helmet and boot，I telephoned the seller. __________
(5) Mary’s not passing the exam made her mother very angry. __________
单句语法填空
(6)Every student was silent， （wait）to see who would be called upon to read his
or her paragraph aloud.
(7) （wait） in the rain for half an hour，the audience began to feel impatient.
(8) （cause） great damage to the town，the rain stopped at last.
(9)The car broke down on the way， （cause） the delay.
(10)The old man insisted on （give）the night shift，saying he had no one
to take care of.
被动式
主动式
一般式
完成式
-ing 形式的复合结构
waiting
Having waited
Having caused
causing
being given
2 动词 -ing 形式作主语
（1）位置
动词 -ing 形式作主语时通常有两种位置：一种是位于句首，另一种是 it 作形式主语，
而将动词 -ing 形式后置。
Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
建立一个梦想团队比简单地雇用最好的人才更复杂。
【学法点拨】
单个的动词 -ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Having seen a lot of the world in one’s youth is a good thing.
年轻时见过很多世面是一件好事。
（2）常用动词 -ing 形式作主语的句型
It is a waste of time doing... 做……是浪费时间。
It is no good/use doing... 做……是没用的。
It is worthwhile doing... 做……是值得的。
It is no fun doing... 做……没有乐趣。
It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter. 同他争辩这件事是浪费时间。
It is no good/use regretting. 悔恨是没用的。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶已洒，哭也白搭。（覆水难收。）
（3）动词 -ing 形式和 to do 作主语时的区别
动词 -ing 形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，而不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性
的动作。
Singing is my hobby，and to sing at the concert is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好，在音乐会上唱歌是我的梦想。
单句语法填空
(1) （relearn） the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple，although it takes
practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
(2) As a chef， （study）Chinese cuisine is what he often does whether in work or at home.
(3) It’s a waste of time just （wait）. We should engage ourselves in the search work.
(4) （expose） to loud noise can do damage to your hearing.
(5) （share） is also a way to cut down living expenses.
完成句子
(6) （怀疑他没有用）. We need to find out some evidence.
(7) （期待……是没用的） the teacher to overlook your careless
mistakes.
Relearning
studying
waiting
Being exposed
Sharing
It is no use suspecting him
It is no good expecting
3 动词 -ing 形式作表语
（1）动词 -ing 形式作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容或者某种性质
或特征，表语和主语常可互换位置。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是使演讲厅尽可能地干净。
（2）动词 -ing 形式作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类动词 -ing 形式通常可以看作
形容词。
Bacteria are annoying for astronauts in space.细菌对于在太空的宇航员来说是很烦人的。
【误区警示】
动词 -ing 形式作表语表抽象的一般性的行为，而不定式作表语表一次具体的动作或将要
发生的事。
Tony’s hobby is drawing，but now what he wants to do is（to） dance.
托尼的爱好是画画，可是现在他想要做的是跳舞。
单句语法填空
(1) Judging from his look，the news was （shock）.
(2) The situation both at home and abroad is very （inspire）.
(3) One part of his work is （make）monthly advertising budgets.
(4) One mistake you made is （ignore）the difference between the two findings.
(5) Your task for the next few days is （read） the adaptation from the novel.
shocking
inspiring
making
ignoring
to read
4 动词 -ing 形式作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的常用动词（短语）有：
avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免 错过 少延期
advise/ suggest，finish，practise 建议 完成 多练习
enjoy，imagine，can’t help 喜欢 想象 禁不住
admit，deny，envy 承认 否定 与嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse 逃避 冒险 莫原谅
stand，keep，mind 忍受 保持 不介意
To avoid being noticed，he slipped into the room.为了不被注意到，他悄悄地溜进房间。
（2）作介词的宾语
常用动词 -ing 形式作宾语的短语有：give up，dream of，be fond of，be concerned about，feel like，insist on，think of，set about 等。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。
【误区警示】
下列短语中的 to 是介词，后应接动词 -ing 形式作宾语。
be addicted to，be accustomed to，devote oneself to，be used to，look forward to，get down to，stick to，object to，pay attention to，lead to，contribute to
【学法点拨】
(1) 动词-ing形式作宾语时，如果动作不是主语发出，则需加逻辑主语。
Would you mind opening the window 你介意打开窗户吗？
Would you mind me/my /Tom/ Tom’s opening the window 你介意我 / 汤姆打开窗户吗？
(2) 当不强调动作先后时既可以用doing也可以用having done作宾语。
He admitted having referred /referring to his notes in the exam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
(3) 接动词 -ing 形式或 to do 作宾语时意义差别不大的动词有：begin，start，continue，like，
love，prefer，hate 等。
Statistics show that prices will continue rising/to rise. 统计数据显示，物价将持续上涨。
(4) 接动词 -ing 形式或 to do 作宾语时意义差别较大的动词有：
remember/forget to do sth. 记着 / 忘记要做某事
remember/forget doing sth. 记着 / 忘记做过某事
regret to do/ doing sth. 遗憾要做 / 后悔做了某事
try to do/ doing sth. 努力做 / 试着做某事
mean to do/ doing sth. 打算做 / 意味着做某事
stop to do/ doing sth. 停下来去做（另一件事）/ 停止做某事
can’t help（to） do/doing sth. 不能帮忙做 / 禁不住做某事
They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.
他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。
They stopped working and had a rest.
他们停止工作，休息了一下
(5) 动词 think/consider/find/feel/believe 后面可以用 it 作形式宾语，动词 -ing 形式作真正的宾语
Do you consider it good trying again 你觉得再试一次有用吗？
(6) 动词 -ing 形式作介词宾语，介词可省略的短语有：
spend time/money（in） doing
be busy（in） doing
prevent/stop sb.（from） doing
have trouble/difficulty/a problem/a good time（in） doing
The police had much difficulty（in）finding out the connection between the man and the case.
警方颇费周折才查明这个人与该案的关联。
(7) 主动形式表被动意义
need，require，want 作“需要”讲时，接动词 -ing 形式作宾语，表示被动含义，
相当于 to be done。
The room needs equipping /to be equipped with a video camera.
这个房间需要安装一台摄像机。
单句语法填空
(1) When it comes to （give） first aid，we should learn from this paramedic.
(2) Some people believe that they can’t help （put）on weight as they get older.
(3) I’d advise （buy）your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August.
(4) He regretted （select）this mobile phone which cost him
an arm and a leg.
(5) Generally speaking，many companies prefer employing a skilled worker to （employ）
a new graduate who has no practical experience.
(6)The chance of （attack）by a shark is very little compared to other dangers.
(7) Several of these washers and dryers are out of order and need （repair）.
(8)The band was looking forward to （become）famous overnight.
(9) To be honest，I have never imagined him （wander）aimlessly deep into night.
(10) I remember the boss （look）this thin girl over and telling me I had a week to prove
I could do it.
giving
putting
buying
selecting/ having selected
employing
being attacked
repairing
becoming
wandering
looking
(11)When I arrived home，my daughter pretended to be practising （play）the piano.
(12) In this way，you are able to keep it on your radar for a while without （feel）
pressured.
(13) She suggested us （go）to the Great Wall for the spring outing.
(14) The advisor spent much time （observe）every student’s characters.
完成句子
(15) In the face of the big fire，many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out to
（逃避被大火烧到）.
(16) I didn’t mean （吃东西）but the ice cream looked so good that I
____________________（忍不住尝了尝）.
(17) In my mind，they help us to become calm and （考虑要去赢）
and solving real problems as well.
(18) She is very proud and can’t stand （被瞧不起）by others.
playing
feeling
going
observing
escape being burned
to eat anything
couldn’t help trying it
consider winning
being looked down upon
5 动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语
动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾补是主动关系。
（1） 作动词的宾语补足语
能跟动词 -ing 形式作宾补，常见的感官动词有：see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，
listen to，look at，notice，observe；其他动词有 set，keep，have，get，leave，catch 等。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用电脑来保持交通畅通。
【误区警示】
①感官动词后用 doing 作宾补表示动作正在进行；用 do 作宾补表示动作的全过程。
I saw Linda whispering to Danny.
我看见琳达正在和丹尼交头接耳。（表示动作正在进行）
I saw Linda whisper to Danny.
我看见琳达和丹尼交头接耳。（表示动作的全过程）
②有些动词，如 regard，describe，accept，think of，look on 后，可由as 引出动词-ing 形式
作宾补。
They describe the film starring Louis as being attractive.
他们说那部由路易斯主演的影片很吸引人。
（2）作介词 with 的宾补
在 “with+ 宾语 +doing” 结构中，doing 表示主动或进行。
With the final exam approaching，the students are studying harder.
由于期末考试要到了，学生们学习更加努力了。
【误区警示】
“with+ 宾语 +done”表示被动或完成；“with+ 宾语 +to do”表示尚未发生。
He lay in bed with his eyes focused on the ceiling.他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。
With an interview to take，he felt a little nervous.要参加面试，他感到有点儿紧张。
单句语法填空
(1)We shouldn’t keep him （continue）to waste his time playing games.
(2) When I came in，I saw Linda （comfort） the crying girl.
(3) China’s image is improving steadily，with more countries （recognize） its role in
international affairs.
(4) After the party，most guests left，with only two of them （remain） in the
host family，helping her clean up.
(5) The young man was caught （steal）his neighbour’s water pump.
(6) The living room is clean and tidy，with a Christmas tree （stand）in the middle.
(7) He was just about to sit down when he felt something （move）near his feet.
(8) Hearing the scream，the operator rushed out，leaving the machine still （run）.
(9) We held our breath when watching the doctor （deal ） with the swollen skin.
continuing
comforting
recognizing
remaining
stealing
standing
moving
running
dealing
6 动词 -ing 形式作定语
（1）表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，意为“供……用”，相当于介词 for 短语，常置于
被修饰词之前。
a sleeping car = a car for sleep 卧铺车厢 a waiting room = a room for waiting 候车室
a bathing cap = a cap for bathing 浴帽 a walking stick = a stick for walking 拐杖
（2）表示被修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与动词 -ing 形式之间是主动关系，相当于一个
定语从句。单个的动词 -ing 形式作定语时，放在被修饰词之前；动词 -ing 形式短语
作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后。
a singing bird = a bird that is sing 正在唱歌的鸟儿
The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
=The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
在舞台上表演的那个女孩有舞蹈天赋
【误区警示】
动词 -ing 形式的完成式 having done 一般只用来作状语，不作定语。
被地震破坏的庙宇很快将被重建。
The tower having been destroyed will be rebuilt.（×）
The tower which has been destroyed will be rebuilt.（√）
【学法点拨】
过去分词、现在分词的被动式和动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别：
(1) 过去分词作定语（done）表示被动，动作已完成。
the stadium built last year（已经建完）
(2) 动词 -ing 形式的被动式作定语（being done）表示被动，动作正在发生。
the stadium being built now（正在被建）
(3) 不定式的被动式作定语（to be done）表示被动，动作将要发生。
the stadium to be built next year（将要建造）
单句语法填空
(1)The next thing he saw was smoke （rise） from behind the house.
(2) Generally speaking，the flowers （smell） sweet can attract more bees.
(3)A woman asked the school to accept her son，who has a （hear）disability.
(4) Look over there—there’s a winding path （lead） to the house.
(5)She got an e-mail （ask） for her credit card account number.
(6) There’s a note pinned to the door （say） when the shop will open.
完成句子
(7) These old houses （追溯到）the 1500s are under repair now.
(8) Advertisers attempt to catch the readers’ interest with pictures and （令人兴奋
的标题）.
(9) Today there are more airplanes （载着更多人） than ever before in the sky.
rising
smelling
hearing
leading
asking
saying
dating back to
exciting headlines
carrying more people
7 动词 -ing 形式作状语
动词 -ing 形式作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等，且可以
转换成相应的状语从句或并列句中的一个分句。
（1）时间状语
动词 -ing 形式作时间状语，相当于 when，while 等引导的时间状语从句。
Seeing the old photos，I remembered my adolescence.看到这些老照片，我想起了我的青春期。
（2）原因状语
动词 -ing 形式作原因状语，一般位于句首，相当于 as, since, because 等引导的原因状语从句。
Having been threatened by a robber，he dared not go to the police.
由于受到强盗的威胁，他不敢报警。
（3）条件状语
动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于 if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Going straight down the road，you will find the canteen.
沿着这条路直走，你就会找到食堂。
（4）让步状语
动词 -ing 形式作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。
Having failed many times，I still have faith in my future.
尽管失败多次，我仍然对未来充满信心。
（5）结果状语
动词 -ing 形式作结果状语，表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末。有时为了突出结果，前
可加 thus，相当于一个含有并列谓语的简单句。
The wind swept through the window，making the room very cool.
= The wind swept through the window，and made the room very cool.
风吹过窗户，使得房间里非常凉爽。
【误区警示】
动词 -ing 形式作结果状语时表示必然的结果，而不定式作结果状语表示一种出乎意料的
结果，常与 only，never 连用。
He lifted the stone only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
（6）方式或伴随状语
动词 -ing 形式作方式或伴随状语时，动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生。表示伴随或方式
的动词 -ing 形式可与句子一起转换成 and连接的并列成分。
Tom slowly walked away，complaining about the cold weather.
Tom slowly walked away，and complained about the cold weather.
汤姆慢慢地走开了，抱怨天气太冷。
（7）连词 + 动词 -ing 形式
动词 -ing 形式作状语时，可以根据意义在其前加上连词，如when，once，though，
although，unless，as if/ though，even if/ though等，表示更加明确的含义。有时这类结构
也可视为状语从句的省略。
Though having been there twice，he still couldn’t find the room.
尽管去过那里两次，他仍然找不到那个房间。
（8）独立成分
有少数动词 -ing 形式并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度，称为分词的
独立成分。常用的这类独立成分有：
generally/ strictly speaking 一般说来 / 严格地说
frankly/ honestly speaking 坦白地说 / 诚实地说
judging from/by... 由……判断 talking of... 谈到……
Honestly speaking，all of his savings are donated to the homeless.
说实话，他所有的积蓄都捐给了无家可归的人。
（9）独立主格结构
动词 -ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语如果不是句子主语，则需要加自己的逻辑主语，
构成独立主格结构，即：名词 / 代词 +doing。
It being Sunday，many people go to the gymnasium to work out.
今天是周日，很多人都去健身房锻炼。
【误区警示】
独立主格的特点是意思完整，但没有谓语动词，所以不是句子，不需要连词，而状语从句
则须有连词连接主从句。
If weather permits，I will make a trip to Inner Mongolia.
=Weather permitting，I will make a trip to Inner Mongolia.
如果天气允许，我将去内蒙古旅行。
单句语法填空
(1) I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C， （think） of beaches and orange trees.
(2) You have to prepare the next question （depend） on the presentation.
(3) （walk） in the street，he felt really free and pleased.
(4) Unless （see）the changes with your own eyes，you will never believe their greatness.
(5) （speak）up his opinion，he set down to organize a group.
(6) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do （work）with students.
(7) （try）many times，he still couldn’t figure out their link.
(8) A city is the product of the human hand and mind， （show） man’s intelligence and
creativity.
(9) We all grew up （hear） people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”.
(10) （collect ）all the necessary material，she began to write her report.
thinking
depending
Walking
seeing
Having spoken
working
Having tried
showing
hearing
Having collected
(11) All the people cheered loudly， （say）I was a gifted footballer.
完成句子
(12) （被告诉很多次了），he finally understood it.
(13) （收割庄稼时）in the field，he got his hand injured.
(14) （受到责备） for the mistake，Jim felt a little depressed.
句型转换
(15) After we have made full preparations，we are ready for the exam.
→ ，we are ready for the exam.
(16) As he felt tired at the end of the journey，she soon fell asleep.
→ at the end of the journey，she soon fell asleep.
(17) The meeting having been over，we all left the room and drove home.
→ ，so we all left the room and drove home.
(18) Once you lose this chance，you can’t easily find it back.
→ ，you can’t easily find it back.
saying
Having been told many times
When harvesting crops
Having been blamed
Feeling tired
Having made full preparations
The meeting was over
Once losing this chance