吉林省长春市2020-2022届（三年）高三质量监测（三）英语试题汇编：阅读理解(含答案)

吉林省长春市
2020-2022届（三年）高三质量监测（三）英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
吉林省长春市2022届高三质量监测（三）英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
How to see London like a pro
We’ve explored London thoroughly and come away with quite a few lessons. Here are our tips.
Visiting Buckingham Palace
Being London’s most iconic landmark, this grand 775-room building is where Queen Elizabeth hosts feasts and meets heads of state. But if you’re dreaming of taking a visit to it, you’ll need to plan your trip carefully. The palace is typically only open during the summer months from July 23rd to October 3rd. Visiting hours are from 9:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. If you’re visiting when the palace isn’t available to tour, you can still see the Changing of the Guard.
Hitting the London Eye
The London Eye is a playful addition to the city skyline. Standing near centuries-old architecture, this enormous Ferris wheel goes round slowly over the left bank of the Thames, serving up views over the London Bridge and the Shard to the west, plus a wide perspective of the Palace of Westminster. Buy your tickets in advance online, choose a clear day and go first thing in the morning to avoid crowds peak.
Drinking afternoon tea
Afternoon tea—a sacred, buttery ritual (仪式)—is reason enough to come to London. The British have taken a simple tea break and turned it into a luxurious ceremony, complete with patterned china, layered plates of finger sandwiches and scones in cream and jam. And we haven’t mentioned the cakes, which are often brought around on a wheeled cart. When making a reservation, remember that afternoon tea isn’t a snack but a full meal with sweet and salty elements, and you’ll be stuffed. The smart move is to skip lunch and maybe even dinner.
21. Which is a proper time to visit Buckingham Palace
A. July 18, 10:00 a.m. B. Aug. 23, 8:30 a.m.
C. Sep. 27, 3:00 p.m. D. Oct. 2, 7:30 p.m.
22. The attraction of the London Eye lies in the fact that ______.
A. it provides a good view of some places of interest
B. it makes London’s skyline seem more harmonious
C. it spins quickly over the left bank of the Thames
D. it is more historic compared to the nearby buildings
23. What do we know about British afternoon tea
A. It is a short break with light snacks.
B. It is a full meal with various tasty foods.
C. It combines sour and sweet flavours well.
D. It is complete with delicate silver dishware.
B
Christmas 2020 was shaping up to be a heartbreaker for Melanie Lee. A few weeks earlier, her 33-year-old son had lost his battle with a long illness. Then the transmission (变速器) on her 2007 Chevrolet Tahoe failed to work. She had no means of paying for it to be fixed.
“When it broke down, I broke down,” Lee told CNN. “Now I don’t have my baby, and I don’t have transportation. How am I supposed to stay active in my grandchildren’s lives ”
Eliot Middleton, 38, who is the owner of a barbecue restaurant and former auto mechanic, in his free time, repairs and gives away used cars. He’d heard about Lee’s difficult situation from her nephew Frank McClary, the mayor of Andrews, South Carolina. On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up unannounced at Lee’s home with a gift: a white 1993 Oldsmobile.
“I had no idea what was going on,” said Lee. “He handed me the keys and didn’t ask for anything.” Once again, she’s able to pick up her granddaughters from school and take them to dance class. “I got my freedom back.”
The idea for the used-car giveaway came to Middleton a year earlier during a food drive he’d organized. Many of those who’d lined up for a meal walked up to four miles to get there because they didn’t have cars. “Cars are a lifeline in this part of South Carolina,” Middleton told CBS. “There’s no public transportation, no Ubers, no taxis to take people to job interviews, doctor appointments, even food shopping.” So he posted on Facebook an offer to trade his restaurant’s specialty, barbecued ribs, for broken-down vehicles. Since then, friends and strangers have dropped off more than 100 cars in various states of disrepair. Many sit in Middleton’s yard waiting to be patched up and donated, usually to those he’s heard about through word of mouth. It’s a list of names that grows daily.
“People think Eliot is an angel,” Mayor McClary told the Washington Post. “And I do too.”
24. What can we learn about Melaine Lee from the text
A. She lost her son in a car accident.
B. She was deeply depressed when her car broke down.
C She refused to look after her grandchildren without a car.
D. She got a brand-new car from Middleton for free.
25. What will people get if they give their cars to Middleton
A. Some money. B. Another car.
C. Some food. D. A Christmas gift.
26 What does the underlined part “patched up” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Fixed up. B. Given away.
C. Taken apart. D. Thrown about.
27. According to the text, which words can best describe Middleton
A. Outgoing and organized. B. Modest and optimistic.
C. Generous and cautious. D. Caring and skillful.
C
Facebook has launched its first pair of smart glasses, which house speakers and cameras, built with eyewear firm Ray-Ban. The glasses, which are available in a range of colours and styles, are priced at 299 and will be available from September 13.
Called Ray-Ban Stories, the glasses feature two five-megapixel cameras to take photos and videos, as well as built-in microphones and speakers enabling users to make calls and listen to audio. The glasses also come with built-in LED lights to let people nearby know when the wearer is taking a photo or video and pair with the new Facebook View app, which enables users to share content from the glasses to their social media accounts.
Announcing the new hardware, Facebook acknowledged that privacy was a key issue it had looked to address when creating the new device. “As with any new device, we have a big responsibility to help people feel comfortable and provide peace of mind, and that goes not only for device owners but the people around them, too,” the social network said in a blog post.
Facebook said it would also offer guidance to users on how to safely use the glasses with regard to others. “We’ve developed guidelines for what is and isn’t an appropriate use of the glasses, some of which are surfaced right in the app during on boarding, and which are available in full online on our dedicated privacy microsite for Ray-Ban Stories.”
“These tips include respecting people’s preferences if they ask you to stop recording or don’t want to be in a photo or video, not capturing photos and videos while driving, and turning off the glasses in private areas like places of worship, a doctor’s office, or locker rooms.”
28. Which of the following statements is true according to the text
A. The smart glasses are made by Facebook independently.
B. The glasses have more than two five-megapixel cameras.
C. Users can share content from the glasses with their friends.
D. The build-in LED lights help take better pictures.
29. What can be inferred from the text
A. The glasses will be a hit with Facebook users.
B. People can buy the glasses at the start of September.
C. The tips on safe use of the glasses are not free.
D. Some people may feel uneasy when being caught on camera.
30. What is Facebook’s attitude to the issue of privacy
A. Serious. B. Indifferent. C. Negative. D. Objective.
31. What is the best title for the text
A. Safety Guidelines for Glasses Users B. Facebook’s Release of Smart Glasses
C. Privacy Related to New Technology D. Users’ Feedback on Smart Glasses
D
IQ is often considered as an important driver of success particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. In fact many people have endless fascination with the IQ scores of famous people. But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on qualities such as creativity, imagination, curiosity and empathy (同感).
Many of these characteristcs are rooted in what scientists call “cognitive (认知的) flexibility”—a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. Cognitive flexibility provides us with the ability to see that what we are doing is not leading to success and to make the appropriate changes to achieve it.
Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns (疫情封锁) which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some of us found it easier than others to adapt our routines to do many activities from home. Such flexible people may also have changed these routines from time to time trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggled and ultimately became more rigid in their thinking.
Flexible thinking is key to creativity. It also supports academic and work skills such as problem solving. For example, visual artists may be of average intelligence but highly creative and have produced masterpieces. Creativity is also important in science and innovation. We have discovered that successful businessmen who have created multiple companies are more cognitively flexible than managers of a similar age and IQ.
Cognitive flexibility is also associated with high recovery from negative life events as well as higher quality of life in older individuals. It can even be beneficial in emotional and social cognition: studies have shown that cognitive flexibility has a strong link to the ability to understand the emotions, thoughts and intentions of others.
Neuroimaging studies have shown that cognitive flexibility is dependent on a network of frontal brain regions. There are a number of ways to objectively assess people’s cognitive flexibility including the Wisconsin Card Sorting test and the CANTAB Set Shift Task. And the good news is that it seems that you can train cognitive flexibility.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A. Creativity is the only source of people’s success.
B. A driver’s achievement is not determined by IQ.
C. The IQ of famous people is mysterious.
D. IQ may not be the key factor in human’s achievements.
33. Which might NOT be an example of cognitive flexibility during pandemic lockdowns
A. Organizing online meetings. B. Taking up indoor workout.
C. Joining in group hiking. D. Learning to bake at home.
34. Which belongs to the consequences of cognitive flexibility
A. Flexible people tend to stick to their routines.
B. People have a better understanding of others’ feelings.
C. Businessmen are more likely to succeed than visual artists.
D. Older individuals are able to avoid misfortunes in life.
35. What would the following paragraph talk about
A. The ways to develop cognitive flexibility.
B. The application of cognitive flexibility.
C. The Wisconsin Card Sorting test.
D. The importance of training cognitive flexibility.
吉林省长春市2021届高三质量监测（三）英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A Wild Child's Guide to Endangered Animals
From New York Times bestselling author Millie Marotta comes this gorgeous celebration of the animal kingdom. Highlighting 43 endangered species, the book takes readers on a trip around the world while learning about rare and well-known animals and their habitats.
Marcovaldo
Marcovaldo is a collection of 20 short stories written by Italo Calvino. Describing the life of a poor rural man living in northern Italy, the stories unfold according to the seasonal cycle of a mon themes in the stories include pollution, failure and poverty.
The Art of Mondo
Over the years, Mondo has received global recognition for its incredible art posters that bring to life classic films, television shows, and comics such as Jurassic Park. For the first time, The Art of Mondo brings together this highly sought-after art in one volume that showcases the incredible creativity of the studio's artists whose vastly different styles are united by one guiding principle: limitless passion for their subject matters.
The Coming of the Third Reich
There is no story in 20th-century history more important to understand than Hitler's rise to power and the collapse(坍塌) of civilization in Nazi Germany. The Coming of the Third Reich, by Richard Evans, offers a masterful combination of academic work, important new research and interpretations.
Patriarchy and Capitalism
Chizuko Ueno, a leading Japanese sociologist, feminist critic and public intellectual, has been a pioneer in women's studies and the author of many books, including Patriarchy and Capitalism.
1. Which book will you choose if you are interested in art
A. Marcovaldo. B. The Art of Mondo.
C. The Coming of the Third Reich. D. Patriarchy and Capitalism.
2. Who cares about women's rights and interests
A. Millie Marotta. B. Italo Calvino.
C. Richard Evans. D. Chizuko Ueno.
3. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To introduce art forms. B. To remember five writers.
C. To recommend quality books. D. To compare different cultures.
B
Fauja Singh, 109, who broke marathon records and was called “Superman” before hanging up his running shoes six years ago, will be the subject of a Bollywood film, Fauja, tracing his remarkable career.
Mr. Singh, born in India in 1911, was an enthusiastic amateur runner in his youth, but gave it up. After a series of personal tragedies including the deaths of his wife and two of his children, he returned to his former passion in his eighties.
He moved to the UK soon after and now lives in Lyford east London. He arrived for his first training session in Redbridge in a three- piece suit, and his first race was the London marathon in 2000. Three years later in Toronto, he broke the world record for the 90-plus. In 2011, when he turned 100, Mr. Singh set eight world records in a day. He ran the 100m in 23.14, then added the 200m. 400m, 800m, 1.500m, the mile, the 3.000m and 5.000m world records. Three of the events had never been attempted by anyone over the age of 100 before. Days later, he became the first centenarian to complete marathon, again in Toronto, with a time of 8: 25: 27.
Mr. Singh retired from competitive running in 2013 but continued jogging for pleasure. When asked about the secret of longevity he owed it to a vegetarian diet and avoiding smoking, alcohol and fried food. Of marathon running he said, “The first 20 miles are not difficult. As for the last six miles, I keep talking to myself, ‘Keep it up, old boy!’ ”
4. What do we know about Fauja Singh
A. He was first trained in Toronto. B. He is the inspiration for a movie.
C. He used to be a professional runner. D. He is still active in competitive running now.
5. What's the right order of the events
① Fauja moved to the UK. ②Fauja hung up his running shoes.
③Fauja set 8 world records in a day ④Fauja's wife and two of his children died.
A. ②④①③ B. ④③①②
C ④①③② D. ②④③①
6. What contributes to Mr. Singh's long life
A. His personal tragedies. B. Smoking less.
C. His passion for marathon. D. His healthy lifestyle.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Fauja Singh Turs 109 B. A Lifelong Runner
C. The Birth of a Bollywood Superstar D. A Centenarian Runner
C
Video calls are a common occurrence but have you imagined being able to touch the person on the other end of the line Scientists are making this a reality.
Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin stretch device(SSD), haptic(触觉的) device that can recreate the sense of touch. Haptic technology can copy the experience of touch by stimulating(刺激) the skin through force, vibration(震动) or motion.
Vibration is the most common haptic technology today and has been built into many electronic devices, such as one attached to the back of trackpad (触控板) in laptops. However haptic feedback with vibration becomes less sensitive when the trackpad is used continuously. The existing technology also has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch with objects in virtual environments or located remotely.
The new technology overcomes issues with existing haptic devices. The research team introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft, artificial “muscles”.
It works like this:imagine you call a friend in Australia. You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend also wears a glove with 3D force sensors. If your friend picks up an object, it will physically press against your friend's fingers. And the glove with 3D force sensors will measure these interactions. The force signals can be sent to your glove so your device will generate the same 3D forces, making you experience the same sense of touch as your friend.
The haptic devices could be used in various fields, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance. This could be especially beneficial during such times like the COVID-19 pandemic when people rely on video calls to stay connected with loved ones. Or it could be used in medical practices. Doctors could feel a patient's organ tissues without touching them.
8. According to the text, SSD can .
A. improve skin health B. recall earlier experiences
C. recreate the sense of touch D. be used as the trackpad in laptops
9. Paragraph 5 is mainly about .
A. how SSD works B. what advantages SSD has
C. how vibration can be used D. what problems the current technology has
10. In which situation can we use SSD according to the text
A. Tasting a dish on the video call.
B. Enjoying classical music at home.
C. Admiring beautiful scenery online
D. Performing a distant medical operation.
11. In which section of a newspaper can we find this text
A. Science. B. Entertainment.
C. Education. D. Health
D
One of the tallest wooden buildings in Europe, a 98m timber (木材)mixture skyscraper, is to rise in Berlin.
The 29-storey WoHo tower, to be designed by a firm of Norwegian architects, is intended to be a “light-house project” for low-carbon construction, towering over Potsdamer Platz and the Landwehr Canal.
Its core, including lifts and a staircase, is to be built around concrete structure but the rest of the building, including flats, offices, cafes and a kindergarten, will be fashioned down wooden beams (横梁)and panels.
“As Norwegians, we are used to working a lot with timber,” Nicolai Riise, CEO of the Mad Architects' Practice said.
“The thing about timber is that its carbon footprint is close to zero and that it's a fantastic material to build with. If you look at this in a broader way, it's one of the ways we are going to be able to beat the climate crisis.”
Wooden skyscrapers, once regarded as a pipe dream, have become realistic with the coming of cross-laminated (交叉叠合)building techniques and more flexible planning laws. Because these structures' parts are fit with care, they can be far lighter than their concrete equivalents (同等物)and are thought to be relatively resistant to fire. A cubic meter of wood can also take an estimated ton of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.
Larger wooden structures are planned elsewhere. London is examining blueprints for a 300-meter Oakwood Tower. A project in Tokyo could rise to 350m.
12. What is special about the WoHo Tower
A. It will serve as a light house.
B. Its core is to be built with timber.
C. It is designed for a Norwegian firm.
D. It will be a tall timber mixture building.
13. Why do Norwegians prefer timber when constructing buildings
A. It is a flexible material. B. It is easy to collect.
C. It is environmentally-friendly. D. It can be cut into pieces.
14. What do the underlined words “a pipe dream” in paragraph 6 probably mean
A. A nightmare. B. Something practical.
C. A piece of cake. D. Something impossible
15. What makes it a reality to build wooden skyscrapers
A. Flexible ideas. B. The concrete equivalents.
C. Fire resistant materials. D. New building techniques.
吉林省长春市2020届高三质量监测（三）英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Watching kids' cartoons can be an effective way to learn a language. The basic plot lines of kids' cartoons are fairly simple and the characters speak more slowly, and the dialogue is typically standard and casual. Here are four worldwide popular kids' cartoons which may help you with your English learning.
Peppa Pig
Peppa Pig, the pink piggy, has gained worldwide popularity. There are even videos showing an American child speaking in a British accent to her mom after watching the popular cartoon.
The Simpsons
The Simpsons in the ' 90s was smart, culturally savvy (有见识的), and unbelievably entertaining TV about an average American family. At its height, no show - animated or otherwise - could reach The Simpsons' greatness. From the cleverness of “Marge vs. the Monorail” to everything Lisa Simpson ever said. The Simpsons was fearless and game-changing television.
Once Upon a Time
Once Upon a Time is a French educational animation, created by Procidis. There are seven series (系列), each focusing on different aspects of knowledge. These are mostly historical, focusing on the overall history of mankind or specified historical fields, such as the lives and achievements of the explorers or inventors.
Sazae-san
Sazae-san is more than a kids' show. It's a cultural institution, a national treasure and the longest- running animated series in the world, ever!
It's about a typical Japanese big family living together in Tokyo. The central character is an outspoken but somewhat clumsy woman in her early 20s, living with her husband, son, father, mother, brother and sister all under one roof.
All of the characters are colorful and funny, and all are named after fish!
1. Why does the American girl speak in a British accent
A. She was born and brought up in Britain. B. Peppa Pig has strongly influenced her.
C. The British accent is popular in America. D. She wants to make fun of her mother.
2. What will a fan of history choose to watch
A. Peppa Pig B. The Simpsons
C. Once Upon a Time D. Sazae-san
3. What can you learn about Sazae-san from the text
A. It is about an average American family. B. It is the longest-running of the four.
C. It is a well-received French cartoon. D. It includes seven different series.
B
One year, a newspaper of the United States published an announcement -the Horticultural Institute offered a reward at a high price for the pure white marigold(金盏花). The high reward attracted so many people, but in nature besides golden, the marigold is brown； it is not easy to create the white one. So after they were excited for a time, many people forgot that announcement.
One normal day after 20 years, the Horticultural Institute accidentally received a letter and 100 seeds of pure white marigold. On that day the news spread like wildfire. It proved to be an old woman of over 70 years old. The institute had always been hesitating over the fact that the letter stated with certainty that the seeds could bloom pure white marigold.
Those seeds finally took root in the earth. The wonder appeared after one year: large fields of pure white marigold swung in the light wind. As a result, the old woman became a new focus.
Originally, the old woman was just a flower-lover. When she happened to read the announcement 20 years ago, her heart kept beating wildly. But her eight children all opposed her decision. After all, a woman who never knew the seed genetics(遗传学) couldn't complete what the experts could never accomplish! Still, the old woman didn't change her mind and went on working. Year after year, through many cycles of spring sowing and autumn harvest, the old woman's husband died; her children flew far and high; a lot of things happened in her life but only the desire to grow the pure white marigold took root in her heart. Finally, after 20 years on the day we all know, in the garden, she saw a marigold, which was not nearly white but as white as silver or snow.
Such a difficult problem as even experts couldn't deal with was readily solved by an old woman who didn't understand genetics. Was it a wonder Take root in the heart and even the most common seed can grow into a wonder!
4. Why was a great reward offered by the Horticultural Institute
A. White flowers could be sold at a higher price.
B. Pure white marigold was more beautiful in nature.
C. It was very difficult to develop pure white marigold.
D. Scientists wanted to know how marigold grew in nature.
5. What can we know about the old woman from the passage
A. She got professional support from scientists.
B. She kept trying for years before she succeeded.
C. She was 70 when she first read the announcement.
D. She sent pure white marigold flowers to the institute.
6. The underlined word “readily” in the last paragraph probably means .
A. easily B. quickly
C. willingly D. luckily
7. What is the best title for the text
A. Seeds Take Root in the Heart B. White Marigold is Hard to Grow
C. Marigolds Grow from Bravery D. White Flowers Bring Success
C
The U.S. is still out in front of global competitors when it comes to innovation(革新), but American universities-where new ideas often spread - have reason to look over their shoulders.
That's especially true for technologies like 5G phone networks and artificial intelligence. In President Donald Trump's opinion, they're exactly the fields where the U.S. has to lead-and also the ones where Asia, especially China, is catching up. Universities from China get more patents than their U.S. peers in wireless communications, according to a research firm named GreyB Services. In Al, 17 of the top 20 universities and public research organizations are in China, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences topping the list, says the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva.
There's a special place for universities in the development of science. Universities educate future scientists and can be incubators(孵化器) for pie-in-the-sky ideas - some of which turn out to be game-changers. The list ranges from Google's search engine to DNA technology that's behind a whole industry of gene-manipulating(基因编辑) treatments.
However, government aids to universities haven't been growing for more than a decade, meaning they've declined in real terms and as a share of the economy, leading to the cost increase for universities and meanwhile somehow discouraging the teaching staff from putting all their hearts into their scientific research.
“If you look at the federal dollars, they've not really changed considerably,” says Stephen Susalka, head of AUTM, a technology transfer association whose members include 800 universities. “Other countries are catching up. We can't be satisfied with what we have achieved ”
8. What does the underlined phrase “look over their shoulders” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Watch out. B. Take off.
C. Stand up. D. Hide away.
9. The author mentions 5G phone networks to show .
A. Chinese universities have obtained the most patents
B. Chinese universities get aids from the government
C. wireless communications have changed dramatically
D. U.S. may lose their lead in some high-tech fields
10. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3
A. Pie-in-the-sky ideas can be revolutionary.
B. Universities can produce game programmers.
C. Gene-manipulation helps to develop DNA technology.
D Universities play an important role in science development.
11. What's Stephen's attitude to the future development of US universities
A. Worried. B. Disapproving.
C. Positive. D. Unconcerned.
D
Almost everyone has heard the expression “the calm before the storm.” It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.
British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become still and the winds would drop.
Science has given us the reason. According to US website HowStuffWorks, a calm period occurs because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and humid(湿热的) air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”. Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. As the air goes down, it becomes warm and dry. Warm and dry air is stable, so once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm. This same process also causes the “eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs in the center of the storm because of the strong rotating (旋转的) winds.
The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is. First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count nine seconds, the storm is about three kilometers away. A good method is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms take place after calm. Given the right conditions, some storms announce themselves with heavy rain and fierce winds.
So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. That's the most reliable way to predict the next display(展示) of nature's temper (脾气).
12. What is the function of Paragraph 3
A. To describe how the eye of the storm comes into being.
B. To stress why tornadoes and hurricanes are destructive.
C. To explain why a peaceful period occurs before some storms.
D To remind how dangerous a storm can be in certain situations.
13. If you count fifteen seconds between a lightening flash and a thunder clap, the storm may be .
A. one kilometer away B. three kilometers away
C. four kilometers away D. five kilometers away
14. What can we learn from the text
A. Heavy storms don't usually last long.
B. It is not always quiet before a storm.
C. Storms have a big influence on our life.
D. Weather reports often fail to predict a storm.
15. Where is this text most likely from
A. A travel journal. B. A science fiction.
C. A literature review. D. A geography magazine.
答案：
吉林省长春市2022届高三质量监测（三）英语试题
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章通过讲述对伦敦彻底的探索，收获的经验，提出了到伦敦游玩时一些好的建议。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The palace is typically only open during the summer months from July 23rd to October 3rd. Visiting hours are from 9:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m.(宫殿通常只在夏季的7月23日至10月3日开放。开放时间为上午九时三十分至下午六时三十分。)”可知Buckingham Palace的开放时间，结合选项可知，只有C项“9月27号，下午三点”是参观Buckingham Palace的合适时间。故选C。
22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Standing near centuries-old architecture, this enormous Ferris wheel goes round slowly over the left bank of the Thames, serving up views over the London Bridge and the Shard to the west, plus a wide perspective of the Palace of Westminster.(这座巨大的摩天轮伫立在有着几百年历史的建筑附近，在泰晤士河左岸缓缓旋转，俯瞰着伦敦桥和西面的碎片大厦，以及威斯敏斯特宫的广阔视野。)”可知，在伦敦眼可以看到很多风景名胜，由此可见伦敦眼的吸引力在于它提供了一些名胜古迹的良好视野。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“When making a reservation, remember that afternoon tea isn’t a snack but a full meal with sweet and salty elements, and you’ll be stuffed.(在预订的时候，要记住下午茶不是零食，而是一顿含有甜味和咸味的正餐，这样你就会吃得很饱。)”可知，英式下午茶是一顿有各种美味食物的大餐。故选B。
【24~27题答案】
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章由Melanie Lee的不幸引出Eliot Middleton捐赠修好的汽车给有需要的人的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““When it broke down, I broke down,” Lee told CNN. “Now I don’t have my baby, and I don’t have transportation. How am I supposed to stay active in my grandchildren’s lives ”(“当它坏了的时候，我也崩溃了，”李告诉CNN。“现在我没有孩子，也没有交通工具。我怎么能在孙辈的生活中保持活跃呢 ”)”可知，Melanie Lee因为她出行的汽车坏了感到很沮丧。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The idea for the used-car giveaway came to Middleton a year earlier during a food drive he’d organized. (一年前，在米德尔顿组织的一次食品捐赠活动中，他萌生了赠送二手车的想法。)”以及倒数第二段“So he posted on Facebook an offer to trade his restaurant’s specialty, barbecued ribs, for broken-down vehicles. (于是，他在Facebook上发帖，提议用他餐厅的特色菜烤排骨换出故障的汽车。)”可知，如果人们把车送给米德尔顿，他们会得到一些食物，故选C。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“ Since then, friends and strangers have dropped off more than 100 cars in various states of disrepair. Many sit in Middleton’s yard waiting to be patched up and donated, usually to those he’s heard about through word of mouth.(从那以后，朋友和陌生人送走了100多辆年久失修的汽车。许多人坐在米德尔顿的院子里，等待着被patched up和捐赠，通常是给那些他通过口口相传听说过的人。)”可知，米德尔顿组织的这个赠送二手车的活动，送出了很多年久失修的车，这件事经过口口相传，很多人在米德尔顿这里等待着二手车，patched up在donated(捐赠)之前，由此可推知，短语patched up表示“修理，修补”，修理好后捐赠给他们，结合选项可知，patched up的意义与A项“Fixed up(修理)”相近，故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“He’d heard about Lee’s difficult situation from her nephew Frank McClary, the mayor of Andrews, South Carolina. On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up unannounced at Lee’s home with a gift: a white 1993 Oldsmobile.(他从李的侄子、南卡罗来纳州安德鲁斯市市长弗兰克·麦克拉里那里听说了她的困难处境。圣诞节早晨，米德尔顿突然出现在李的家中，带着一份礼物:一辆1993年的白色奥兹莫比尔。)”以及文中提到他给很多人捐赠了二手车可知，米德尔顿是一个很有爱心的人；根据第三段“Eliot Middleton, 38, who is the owner of a barbecue restaurant and former auto mechanic, in his free time, repairs and gives away used cars.(38岁的艾略特·米德尔顿是一家烧烤餐厅的老板，以前是一名汽车修理工。他在业余时间修理和赠送二手车。)”可知，米德尔顿技有所长，结合选项可知，caring(有爱心的)和skillful(有技能的)适合用于描述米德尔顿，故选D。
【28~31题答案】
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到脸书即将发布一款新产品—智能眼镜，并且对这款智能眼镜进行了说明。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The glasses also come with built-in LED lights to let people nearby know when the wearer is taking a photo or video and pair with the new Facebook View app, which enables users to share content from the glasses to their social media accounts.(这款眼镜还内置了LED灯，让附近的人知道佩戴者正在拍照或视频，并与新的Facebook View应用配对，用户可以将眼镜上的内容分享到自己的社交媒体账户。)”可知，用户可以与朋友分享眼镜上的内容。所以C项表达正确，故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“These tips include respecting people’s preferences if they ask you to stop recording or don’t want to be in a photo or video(这些建议包括，当别人要求你停止拍摄或不想在照片或视频中出现时，要尊重他们的喜好)”可推断，有些人在被镜头拍到时可能会感到不安。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Announcing the new hardware, Facebook acknowledged that privacy was a key issue it had looked to address when creating the new device. (在宣布这款新硬件时，Facebook承认隐私是它在开发这款新设备时试图解决的一个关键问题。)”可知，Facebook说隐私是开发新设备要解决的关键问题，由此可推知，Facebook对隐私的态度是很严肃的，故选A。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Facebook has launched its first pair of smart glasses, which house speakers and cameras, built with eyewear firm Ray-Ban. The glasses, which are available in a range of colours and styles, are priced at 299 and will be available from September 13.(脸书推出了首款智能眼镜，配备扬声器和摄像头，由眼镜公司雷朋(Ray-Ban)制造。这款眼镜有多种颜色和款式，售价299英镑，将于9月13日上市。)”，结合全文内容可知，本文主要说明脸书即将上市一款新的智能眼镜，对这款新产品的相关介绍，所以B项“Facebook发布智能眼镜”符合文章主旨，适合作为本文标题，故选B。
【32~35题答案】
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出人类一些最伟大的成就主要依赖于创造力、想象力、好奇心和同理心等品质，这些品质大多植根于科学家们所说的“认知灵活性”——这是一种使我们能够在不同的概念之间转换，或在一个新的或不断变化的环境中调整行为以实现目标的技能。文章说明了认知灵活性的重要性以及带给人们的影响。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“IQ is often considered as an important driver of success particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. In fact many people have endless fascination with the IQ scores of famous people. But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on qualities such as creativity, imagination, curiosity and empathy (同感).(智商通常被认为是成功的重要驱动力，特别是在科学、创新和技术等领域。事实上，许多人对名人的智商分数有着无尽的迷恋。但事实是，人类一些最伟大的成就主要依赖于创造力、想象力、好奇心和同理心等品质。)”可知，人类一些最伟大的成就主要依赖于创造力、想象力、好奇心和同理心等品质，由此可推知智商可能不是人类成就的关键因素。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cognitive flexibility provides us with the ability to see that what we are doing is not leading to success and to make the appropriate changes to achieve it.(认知上的灵活性使我们能够认识到我们所做的并不会带来成功，并做出适当的改变来实现它。)”可知，认知上的灵活性会让我们对自己的思想和行为带来适当的引导和调整，结合第三段“Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns (疫情封锁) which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some of us found it easier than others to adapt our routines to do many activities from home. Such flexible people may also have changed these routines from time to time trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggled and ultimately became more rigid in their thinking.(认知灵活性可能影响了人们如何应对疫情封锁，这给工作和教育带来了新的挑战。我们中的一些人比其他人更容易调整我们的日常活动，在家里做许多活动。这些灵活的人可能也会时不时地改变这些习惯，试图找到更好、更多样化的方式来度过他们的一天。然而，另一些人则挣扎着，最终变得更加固执。)”可知，疫情封锁期间，去参加团体远足这样的户外活动，没有体现出灵活调整所处的现实情况与自身行为，不符合认知的灵活性，故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It can even be beneficial in emotional and social cognition: studies have shown that cognitive flexibility has a strong link to the ability to understand the emotions, thoughts and intentions of others.(它甚至对情绪和社会认知也有好处:研究表明，认知灵活性与理解他人情绪、思想和意图的能力有很强的联系。)”可知，认知灵活性与理解他人情绪、思想和意图的能力有很强的联系，由此可知，B项“人们能更好地理解他人的感受。”属于认知灵活性的结果，故选B项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章说明了认知灵活性的意义以及它对人们产生的影响，结合最后一段“And the good news is that it seems that you can train cognitive flexibility.(好消息是，你似乎可以训练认知灵活性。)”可知，此处提出认知灵活性是可以训练的，由此可推断，接下来应说明“培养认知灵活性的方法。”，故选A项。
吉林省长春市2021届高三质量监测（三）英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五本书的作者和主要内容。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三本书The Art of Mondo部分中“Over the years, Mondo has received global recognition for its incredible art posters that bring to life classic films, television shows, and comics such as Jurassic Park. For the first time, The Art of Mondo brings together this highly sought-after art in one volume…(多年来，Mondo因其令人难以置信的艺术海报而获得了全球的认可，这些海报将经典电影、电视节目和漫画如《侏罗纪公园》带入了生活。The Art of Mondo首次把这一备受欢迎的艺术集中在一卷)”可知，如果你对艺术感兴趣，可以选择The Art of Mondo这本书。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Chizuko Ueno, a leading Japanese sociologist, feminist critic and public intellectual, has been a pioneer in women's studies and the author of many books, including Patriarchy and Capitalism.(Chizuko Ueno是日本著名的社会学家、女权主义评论家和公共知识分子，是女性研究领域的先驱，著有多部著作，包括《父权制和资本主义》。)”可知，Chizuko Ueno关心女性的权利和利益。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了几本书的主要内容，所以本文的目的是推荐几本有质量的书籍。故选C项。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现年109岁的Fauja Singh曾打破马拉松纪录，在6年前他挂上跑鞋之前就被称为“超人”，他将成为宝莱坞电影《华嘉》的主角，追溯他非凡的职业生涯。文章介绍了他的个人经历和长寿原因。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Fauja Singh, 109, who broke marathon records and was called “Superman” before hanging up his running shoes six years ago, will be the subject of a Bollywood film, Fauja, tracing his remarkable career.(现年109岁的Fauja Singh曾打破马拉松纪录，在6年前他挂上跑鞋之前就被称为“超人”，他将成为宝莱坞电影《华嘉》的主角，追溯他非凡的职业生涯)”可知，Fauja Singh是一部电影的灵感来源。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“After a series of personal tragedies including the deaths of his wife and two of his children, he returned to his former passion in his eighties.(在经历了一系列的个人悲剧，包括他的妻子和两个孩子的死亡后，他在80多岁时重拾了他以前的激情)”；第三段中“He moved to the UK soon after and now lives in Lyford, east London.(不久之后，他搬到了英国，现在住在伦敦东部的Lyford)”；“In 2011, when he turned 100, Mr. Singh set eight world records in a day.( 2011年Singh 100岁生日时，他在一天内创造了八项世界纪录)”以及第四段中“Mr. Singh retired from competitive running in 2013 but continued jogging for pleasure.( 2013年，Singh退出了长跑比赛，但仍以慢跑为乐)”可知，事件顺序为④①③②。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“When asked about the secret of longevity he owed it to a vegetarian diet and avoiding smoking, alcohol and fried food.(当被问及长寿的秘诀时，他把它归功于素食和避免吸烟、喝酒和油炸食品)”可知，Singh先生长寿的原因是他健康的生活方式。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fauja Singh, 109, who broke marathon records and was called “Superman” before hanging up his running shoes six years ago, will be the subject of a Bollywood film, Fauja, tracing his remarkable career.(现年109岁的Fauja Singh曾打破马拉松纪录，在6年前他挂上跑鞋之前就被称为“超人”，他将成为宝莱坞电影《华嘉》的主角，追溯他非凡的职业生涯)”结合文章介绍了他的个人经历和长寿原因。可知，D选项“一个百岁跑步者”最符合文章标题。故选D。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了柔软皮肤拉伸装置(SSD)的功能和工作原理以及未来发展领域。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin stretch device(SSD), haptic(触觉的) device that can recreate the sense of touch.”（澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软皮肤拉伸装置(SSD)，这种触觉装置可以重现触觉。）可知，根据文字，SSD可以重现触觉。故选C项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段首句“It works like this:”（它是这样运作的：）及后文可知，第5段讲述的是主要是关于SSD的工作原理。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The haptic devices could be used in various fields, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance.”（触觉设备可以应用于各个领域，允许用户在虚拟世界中或在远处感受物体。）可推断，进行远程医疗手术时可以使用SSD。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists are making this a reality.”（科学家正在使这成为现实。）以及第四段“The research team introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft, artificial “muscles”.”（研究小组介绍了一种新的方法，通过柔软的人造“肌肉”来重建触觉。）可知，本文属于科学技术类文章。从而推断，我们可以在报纸的科学版面上找到这篇文章。故选A项。
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了欧洲最高的木质建筑之一WoHo Tower，木材作为建筑材料非常环保，其他各地也在修建更大的木质建筑。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段内容“One of the tallest wooden buildings in Europe, a 98m timber(木材) mixture skyscraper, is to rise in Berlin.(欧洲最高的木制建筑之一，98米高的木材混合摩天大楼即将在柏林矗立起来。)”可知，WoHo Tower是一座高大的木材混合建筑。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“ The thing about timber is that its carbon footprint is close to zero and that it's fantastic material to build with. If you look at this in a broader way, it's one of the ways we are going to be able to beat the climate crisis.( 木材的特点是它的碳足迹接近于零，是极好的建筑材料。如果你从更广泛的角度来看，这是我们能够战胜气候危机的方法之一)”可推知，挪威人喜欢用木材建造建筑是因为木材环保。故选C。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后“have become realistic with the coming of cross-laminated-(交叉叠合) building techniques”可知，随着交叉叠合建筑技术的到来，木质摩天大楼成为现实，由此可推知“once regarded as a pipe dream”意为“曾经被当作不可能的事情”，因此“a pipe dream”意为“不可能的事情”。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中“Wooden skyscrapers, once regarded as a pipe dream, have become realistic with the coming of cross-laminated-(交叉叠合) building techniques.（随着交叉叠合建筑技术的到来，曾经被当作白日梦的木质摩天大楼成为现实。）”可知，新的建筑技术使木质摩天大楼成为现实。故选D。
吉林省长春市2020届高三质量监测（三）英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。看儿童卡通片是学习一门语言的有效方法。儿童卡通片的基本情节相当简单，人物说话比较慢，对话通常是标准和随意的。本文介绍了四部全球流行的儿童卡通片，可以帮助儿童学英语。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中There are even videos showing an American child speaking in a British accent to her mom after watching the popular cartoon.可知甚至有视频显示，一个美国孩子在看完这部受欢迎的卡通片后，用英国口音对她的妈妈说话。由此可知，那个美国女孩用英国口音说话是因为小猪佩奇对她的影响很大。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Once Upon a Time部分中These are mostly historical, focusing on the overall history of mankind or specified historical fields, such as the lives and achievements of the explorers or inventors.可知这些大多是历史性的，侧重于人类的整体历史或特定的历史领域，如探险家或发明家的生活和成就。由此可知，喜欢历史的人会选择看Once Upon a Time。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sazae-san部分中It's a cultural institution, a national treasure and the longest- running animated series in the world, ever!可知它是一个文化机构，国宝级的文化，也是世界上播出时间最长的动画片！由此可知，Sazae-san的播出时间最长，故选B。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲了一个研究所悬赏白色的金盏花，20年后一位老太太成功培育了出来，她解决了科学家都无法解决的难题。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第二句The high reward attracted so many people, but in nature besides golden, the marigold is brown；it is not easy to create the white one.可知高额的奖励吸引了许多人，但在自然界中，除了金色的，金盏花是棕色的，要生长出白色的金盏花并不容易。由此可推知，学院要提供巨额奖励是因为开发纯白金盏花是非常困难的。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中A year later, when the marigold bloomed, she chose one faintest from those golden and brown flowers and made it wither naturally in order to get the best seed. The next year, she again grew them and chose the faintest from these flowers to plant Year after year, through many cycles of spring sowing and autumn harvest, the old woman's husband died; her children flew far and high; a lot of things happened in her life but only the desire to grow the pure white marigold took root in her heart. Finally, after 20 years on the day we all know, in the garden, she saw a marigold, which was not nearly white but as white as silver or snow.可知一年后，当金盏花开花的时候，她从那些金灿灿的、褐色的花朵中选了一朵最淡的，让它自然枯萎，以获得最好的种子。第二年，她再次种植，并从这些花中挑选出最淡的一朵来种植，年复一年，经历了多次春播秋收的轮回，老妇人的丈夫去世了；儿女们飞得很远很高，她的生命中发生了很多事情，但唯独对种植纯白的金盏花的渴望在她心中生根发芽。终于，在20年后的那一天，在花园里，她看到了一株金盏花，那株金盏花不是近乎白色的，而是像银色的、雪白的。由此可推知，这位老太太坚持了多年才成功。故选B。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文Such a difficult problem as even experts couldn't cope with was可知这样一个连专家都解决不了的难题，却被一位不懂遗传学的老太太轻而易举地解决了。故划线单词意思为“轻易地”。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Take root in the heart and even the most common seed can grow into a wonder!可知在心中扎根，即使是最普通的种子也能成长为奇迹！结合这篇文章主要讲了一个研究所悬赏白色的金盏花，一位老太太经过20年的坚持不懈，成功培育出白色金盏花，她解决了科学家都无法解决的难题。可知A选项“种子在心里扎根”最符合文章标题。故选A。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。全文主要介绍了大学在科技发展过程中重要作用，也强调了美国的大学在发展5G电话网络和人工智能等领域在慢慢的失去优势地位，文章说明了大学在科学发展中起着重要的作用，以及产生这一现象的原因和有人表达了对这种现象的担心。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文The U.S. is still out in front of global competitors when it comes to innovation, but American universities-where new ideas often spread-have reason to可知当谈论到革新的时候，美国仍然处于全球竞争者的前面，但是美国的大学，这里是新观点传播的地方，现在却有点小心翼翼起来了。but表示转折，说明美国的大学如今在科技方面变得小心翼翼了。第二段中提到的中国大学在无线通信领域获得的专利比美国大学多也证明了这一观点。故划线短语look over their shoulders意思为“小心”。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中Universities from China get more patents than their U.S. peers in wireless communications, according to research firm GreyB Services. In AI, 17 of the top 20 universities and public research organizations are in China, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences topping the list, says the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva.可知研究公司GreyB Services的数据显示，中国大学在无线通信领域获得的专利比美国大学多。位于日内瓦的世界知识产权组织表示，在人工智能领域，排名前20的大学和公共研究机构中有17个在中国，中国科学院位居榜首。由此可推知，作者在第二段中提到了5G手机网络，是为了表明美国大学可能会失去在一些高科技领域的领先地位。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中There's a special place for universities in the development of science. Universities educate future scientists and can be incubators for pie-in-the-sky ideas-some of which turn out to be game-changers.可知大学在科学发展中占有特殊的地位。大学可以培养未来的科学家，也可以成为空想的孵化器，其中一些最终会成为游戏规则的改变者。由此可知，第3段的主旨大意是大学在科学发展中起着重要的作用。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you look at the federal dollars, they've not really changed considerably,” says Stephen Susalka, head of AUTM, a technology transfer association whose members include 800 universities. “Other countries are catching up. We can't be satisfied with what we have achieved.”可知“如果你看一下联邦的美元，它们实际上并没有发生很大的变化，”技术转让协会（AUTM）的负责人Stephen Susalka说，该协会的成员包括800所大学。“其他国家正在迎头赶上。我们不能满足于我们所取得的成就。”由此可推知，Stephen Susalka对美国大学未来的发展感到担忧。故选A。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。
② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。
⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
如第一小题，根据上文The U.S. is still out in front of global competitors when it comes to innovation, but American universities-where new ideas often spread-have reason to可知当谈论到革新的时候，美国仍然处于全球竞争者的前面，但是美国的大学，这里是新观点传播的地方，现在却有点小心翼翼起来了。but表示转折，说明美国的大学如今在科技方面变得小心翼翼了。第二段中提到的中国大学在无线通信领域获得的专利比美国大学多也证明了这一观点。故划线短语look over their shoulders意思为“小心”。故选A。
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释说明暴风雨来临前宁静的原因，以及如何计算暴风雨距离。以及预测风暴的最好办法就是随时更新天气预报，预测你所在地区即将到来的风暴。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中According to US website HowStuffWorks, a calm period occurs because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and humid air from the surrounding area.可知根据美国网站How Stuff Works，由于许多暴风雨、龙卷风和飓风从周围地区吸进所有温暖和潮湿的空气，所以会出现一段平静期。由此可推知，第三段的作用是告诉我们为什么暴风雨前会有一段平静的时期。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count nine seconds, the storm is about three kilometers away.可知首先数一下闪电和雷声之间有多少秒，大约三秒等于一公里。例如，如果你数9秒，风暴就在3公里之外。由此可知，三秒等于一公里，则十五秒等于五公里。如果从闪电和拍打雷声之间算起十五秒，暴风雨可能就在五公里之外。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms take place after calm. Given the right conditions, some storms announce themselves with heavy rain and fierce winds.可知然而，由于风暴系统的复杂性，并非所有的暴风雨前都是平静的。在适当的条件下，一些风暴会伴随着暴雨和狂风。由此可知，可知暴风雨前并非总是宁静的。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要解释说明暴风雨来临前宁静的原因，以及如何计算暴风雨距离，由此可推测，文章选自一份地理杂志。故选D。
【点睛】数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
如第二小题，根据第四段中First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count nine seconds, the storm is about three kilometers away.可知首先数一下闪电和雷声之间有多少秒，大约三秒等于一公里。例如，如果你数9秒，风暴就在3公里之外。由此可知，三秒等于一公里，则15秒等于5公里。如果从闪电和拍打雷声之间算起十五秒，暴风雨可能就在五公里之外。故选D。