四川省成都市2020-2022届（三年）高三三诊英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
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| 名称 | 四川省成都市2020-2022届（三年）高三三诊英语试题汇编：阅读理解（含答案） |  | |
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四川省成都市
2020-2022届（三年）高三三诊英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
四川省成都市2022届高三三诊英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Hidden London: the Exhibition
Visit an “abandoned” Tube station underworld and discover what secrets are hidden beneath our busy streets in our new Hidden London exhibition at London Transport Museum!
Hidden London: the Exhibition takes you on a journey of some of London’s most secret spaces in the world’s oldest underground system. These “forgotten” parts of the Tube network have incredible stories to tell about Britain’s wartime past.
You can enjoy the largest number of rare photos and objects from disused stations that have been brought together in one location.
Discover stories about how Churchill took shelter at the height of the Blitz deep underground at Down Street station. See how shelterers lived down at Clapham South station, where they slept and how they kept entertained.
You can also explore other locations that we have recreated in our Global Gallery, including the historic abandoned ticket hall at Aldwych station with an original 1930s ticket office.
The exhibition uncovers why these “lost" parts of the underground network exist. Changes in population, economic priorities and political pressures have all led to spaces being abandoned. But they rarely stay that way. While some sections of the Tube system lie “forgotten”, many have been repurposed for new activities and are used for special Hidden London tours, growing salad leaves, and for filming locations, including Charing Cross, which featured in Skyfall (2012).
Admission Charges:
Child Ticket: FREE
Adult Ticket: 16.50 per ticket
Reduced Ticket: 15.50 per ticket
Reduced price applies to senior citizens (60+) and visitors with disabilities.
Opening Times:
Every day: 10:00—18:00
Last entry: 17:00
Address: 39 Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London
21. What can visitors do at the exhibition
A. Admire a collection of photos. B. Buy tickets in a deserted hall.
C. Grow vegetables underground. D. Live a sheltered life in war time.
22. Which station was used as a film set
A. Aldwych. B. Down Street. C. Charing Cross. D. Clapham South.
23. How much should a kid with grandparents both aged57 pay for the admission
A. 31 B. 33 C. 46.5 D. 49.5
B
During the time when Theodor Geisel was working as a children’s book author, a popular primer (初级读本) for young children involved the story of two characters named Dick and Jane. However, Dick and Jane were boring. Consequently, these boring characters kept children from learning how to read. Writer John Hershey described the problem in a1954 article in Life magazine. Upon reading it, William Spaulding, the director of Houghton Mifflin, decided to invite Geisel to create an exciting children’s book.
Geisel thought, “No sweat”. But in fact, he did sweat for a year and a half. Accustomed to inventing words at his leisure in his previous books, the imaginative author underestimated how difficult it would be to limit his vocabulary to around200 words. He stared at Spaulding’s word list for a year but got nothing.
Out of frustration, he finally chose the first two words that rhymed as the title. Cat and hat were what he found. He next worked on what the cat would look like and how he would act. As Geisel wrote, his cat was shaped and inspired by two other cartoon cats he had admired since childhood. The first was from comic Krazy Kat. Geisel’s cat would channel Krazy’s physical appearance. As for its personality, Geisel looked to another cartoon cat for inspiration: Felix the Cat. Felix was adventurous and Geisel’s cat would behave with a similar confidence.
Now that he had a main character, finding things for that character to do within the limitation of the word list was like putting his cat in a straitjacket. As Geisel slowly wrote and rewrote The Cat in the Hat throughout1956, he figured out a few tricks to help his writing. He would repeat words or phrases, which gave his works a distinct and regular rhythm that helped young readers learn words through look-say repetition.
Upon publication in1957, The Cat in the Hat was an instant hit and made Geisel a world famous children’s book author.
24. What made it hard for Geisel to create his story
A. The restriction of word selections. B. Criticisms from another writer.
C. The publisher’s demand for quality. D. The change of his writing topic.
25. What do we know about the cat in Geisel’s book
A. It is as confident as Krazy. B. It is dressed in a straitjacket.
C. It takes after Felix in appearance. D. It takes on features of two cartoon cats.
26. Which of the following best describes the language in The Cat in the Hat
A. Varied and plain. B. Simple but insightful.
C. Repetitive and rhythmic. D. Limited but well-organized.
27. What is the text mainly about
A. The creation of cats in children’s books.
B. The story behind a famous children’s book.
C. A well-known writer in children’s literature.
D. Difficulties and skills in writing a children’s book.
C
Arul Mathur, an 11th grade student in California could have found the answer to saving people’s homes when threatened by wildfires and other types of fires that could affect them and their property.
To best deal with wildfire “season”，he created a fire-activated extinguisher (灭火器) called F. A. C. E.. Basically, it can work as a single device that is able to protect fire-risk areas around someone’s house like in the kitchen or bedroom.
Recently moving with his family to California, he came face to face with the possibility of wildfires. When explaining his inspiration behind his invention, he said, “I heard about the hundreds of thousands of people, including my new friends, who abandoned their houses every year to flee from wildfires, but I never thought that I could be one of those people. Finally, in the summer of 2019, a wildfire threatened to force my family to leave our home. At that moment, I knew that I needed to do something about it.”
F. A. C. E. works through a sensor on the device. When heated up to a particular temperature, the chemicals inside burst and release a spray that stops fire spreading at least five to six feet in all directions with the help of a sprinkler (喷洒器) attached to it. When placed in certain strategic areas, they could actually work together in order to stop bush fires from turning into wildfires. Meanwhile, they could also stop a kitchen or living room fire from becoming a massive house fire.
This new solution to wildfires will be sold for $120 once production starts. Currently, the only other similar alternative for his invention is the automatic sprinkler systems that may be lavish for some families. They first need to be placed in the home during early construction of the house, and tend to cost around thousands of dollars.
28. What made Mathur decide to invent F. A. C. E.
A. His move to California. B. His encounter with a wildfire.
C. The coming wildfire “season”. D. The property losses of his friends.
29. What does Paragraph4 mainly talk about
A. The advantages of the device.
B. The components of the device.
C. The working principle of the device.
D. The operating procedure of the device.
30. What does the underlined word “lavish” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Complex. B. Time-consuming.
C. Inefficient. D. Costly.
31. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text
A. To introduce a new invention.
B. To praise a teenager’s creativity.
C. To advertise a new fire extinguisher.
D. To suggest a new way of fighting fires.
D
Forests have a crucial role in cooling Earth’s surface by absorbing CO2 like a sponge (海绵). But only two-thirds of their cooling power comes from their ability to suck in CO2 and store it, according to a study by Deborah Lawrence, an environmental scientist. The other one-third comes from the biophysical effects — their ability to create clouds, dampen the air and release cooling chemicals.
Trees in the forests provide shade, but they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating, Lawrence says.
This, in turn, creates the right conditions for clouds, which, like snow and ice in the Arctic, can reflect sunlight higher into the atmosphere and further cool the surroundings. Trees also release organic compounds that react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to sometimes create a net cooling effect.
To quantify (量化) these effects，Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude (纬度). The researchers found that the world’s forests cool the surface of the planet by around 0.5℃ because of biophysical effects alone.
Threats to rainforests are dangerous not only for the global climate, but for communities that neighbour the forests, Lawrence says. She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally. Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area’s agriculture and cities from heatwaves, Lawrence says. “Every tenth of a degree matters in limiting extreme weather. And where you have forests, the extremes are minimized.”
This study confirms that forests have other significant ways of affecting the climate systm, giving us more reasons why deforestation is bad for the climate. It could enable scientists to improve their climate models, while helping governments to work out better conservation and climate strategies.
32. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. The tree leaves in forests. B. The shade provided by trees.
C. The surrounding area in forests. D. The water circulation done by trees.
33. How did Lawrence quantify the biophysical effects of forests
A. By removing some other factors.
B. By comparing data of different times.
C. By studying the contributions separately.
D. By measuring the temperature in different places.
34. What is the significance of Lawrence’s study
A. It develops a new climate model.
B. It matters in limiting extreme weather.
C. It highlights the dangers of deforestation.
D. It provides a scientific basis for conservation efforts.
35. What’s the best title of the text
A. Forests: More Than a Carbon Sponge
B. Forests: The Disappearing Green Lung
C. Forests: Major Players in Carbon Cycles
D. Forests: Guardians of Local Communities
四川省成都市2021届高三三诊英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
VATNAJ KULL NATIONAL PARK, ICELAND
Vatnaj kull National Park is home to one of the largest glaciers in the world and two active volcanoes. A popular place to explore ice caves, you can experience here the breath-taking views of waterfalls, frozen rivers and herds of reindeer through cave tours, glacial hikes and jeep safaris.
Best time to visit: May to September
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RUINS OF LIANGZHU CITY, CHINA
Dating back to 5,300 years ago, the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City is considered as an important representation of early urban civilization based on rice plantation. The city ruins show the contributions made by the Yangtze River Basin to the origins of Chinese civilization.
Best time to visit: March to May & October to mid December.
BAGAN, MYANMAR
Located on the banks of the Ayeyarwady River, Bagan is the capital of the ancient Burmese empire and features a stunning range of Buddhist art and architecture. Visitors can get the best views at sunrise by taking a hot air balloon ride and witness hundreds of architectural treasures as far as the eye can reach.
Best time to visit: November to February.
JAIPUR CITY, INDIA
The walled city of Jaipur is one of the most colourful cities in the world and part of India's famous Golden Triangle. The city is not only famous for its pink coloured buildings, but also the houses, shops, restaurants and hotels which give you a feast for colors. Besides, you can enjoy the city's layout, busy streets and large public squares.
Best time to visit: November to March.
1. Which of the following is best recommended in April
A. Bagan. B. Jaipur City.
C. Vatnaj kull National Park. D. Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City.
2. What is special about Bagan
A. It features views of volcanoes.
B. It is heavy with religious culture.
C. It has a history of over 5000 years.
D. It's known for colorful architecture.
3. In which part of a magazine can you most probably read this text
A. Geography. B. Culture. C. Science. D. Environment.
B
A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique.
The blue-and-white bowl was made by China's royal court during the Ming dynasty. It is now expected to sell for up to $500,000, according to Sotheby's auction(拍卖)house in New York, where the auction will take place next month.
The purchase was made last year near New Haven, Connecticut. “I was just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this bowl, I didn't even bargain over the $35 asking price,” the owner said. Shortly after the purchase, he sent photos of the bowl to auction specialists, who identified it as an item of historical significance.
Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from the period of Yongle Emperor, who ruled from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain (瓷器)techniques. It's now valued between $300,000 and $500,000, with the top estimate nearly 14,300 times the amount it was purchased for.
“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上釉)and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said.
“The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques and elevated the importance of porcelain from being an ordinary bowl into a true work of art. This small bowl has both practical and artistic value, ”McAteer said.
4. What can we infer about the bowl's owner
A. He found the bowl by accident.
B. He hesitated during the purchase.
C. He doubted whether the bowl was real.
D. He bought the bowl because it was cheap.
5. What makes the bowl so precious
A. The blue color on it. B. The long history it has.
C. The people who made it. D. The unique techniques used.
6. What does the underlined word “elevated” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Forsaw. B. Promoted.
C. Assessed. D. Acknowledged.
7. What's the best title of the text
A. An Amazing Bowl B. A Special Yard Sale
C. The Return of Porcelains D. A Man Making Fortune
C
A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔茨海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）. A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2.5. Such particles are produced mainly during the burning of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil. The risk remained high even at concentrations below 12 micrograms per cubic meter, a level the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency currently considers safe.
“Our study builds on the small but clear evidence indicating that long-term PM 2.5 exposures are associated with an increased risk of worsening brain health, even at PM 2.5 concentrations well below the current national standards,” said Xiao Wu, a doctoral student in Harvard.
Antonella Zanobetti, a co-author of the study, said the new research results show that current U. S. regulations are inadequate to protect the aging American population, “highlighting the need for stricter standards and policies that help further reduce PM 2.5 concentrations and improve air quality overall”。
Women, white people, and urban populations, particularly in the Northeast, were particularly at risk, the research showed. The researchers figured that the increased effects on urban populations might be due to the “abundance of metal-bearing particles in the urban atmosphere, which have very smaller size and can access the brain directly”. They owe the increased risk to women and white people to longer life, which means the probability of death from other causes before developing Alzheimer is higher in men and nonwhites.
8. What can we learn about the new research in Paragraph 1
A. It proved PM 2.5 was caused by fossil fuel.
B. It aimed at improving the elders' brain health.
C. It showed Alzheimer was linked to air pollution.
D. It focused on the effect of PM 2.5 on environment.
9 What is the researchers' attitude towards the current U. S. PM 2.5 national standards
A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Cautious. D. Ambiguous.
10 Why do women and white people have higher risk of brain health problems
A. They mainly live in cities.
B. They are in much worse condition.
C. They are affected by PM 2.5 more easily.
D. They live longer than men and nonwhites.
11. What's the purpose of the text
A. To present findings of a new research.
B. To call on us to protect the environment.
C. To analyze various reasons for Alzheimer.
D. To draw our attention to the elders' health.
D
In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the field of space exploration, which has enabled mankind to have a deeper understanding of the Solar System, our place in it and in the universe. “We sent probes(探测器) to every planet in the Solar System. This is by far the best one,” said Clayton, vice president of Blue Origin. “Let's focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then we'll go from there. Space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life. We need to have a strong footing on the Earth, learn to solve the day-to-day problems of the society.”
“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations. Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture. ” said Victoria, CEO of a company working on sustainable development, “Through Global Navigation Satellite System, animals' movement information recorded on self-recharging devices can be transmitted to the company server. Farmers can be alerted in real time if anomalies(异常现象）are detected. We can use it to ensure the traceability of the entire meat chain. As a result, it enables consumers to know that the beef they are eating does not come from protected areas or the cattle don't contribute to deforestation. ”
As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, former Administrator of NASA, put forward the concept of the “space economy” in a speech. He is very optimistic about the market prospect of commercial space and said, “According to the latest data, the global space industry could reach $1 trillion in 2040, up from $ 378 billion currently. I believe more business models and space activities will be created in the future to achieve the economic scale of $1 trillion. ”
As an entrepreneur(创业者）herself, Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs. She mentioned future settlements on Mars or on the Moon. “If we are going to develop a new society outside the Earth, we will need all types of applications and all types of startups. But coming back to the Earth, there are so many problems that need to be solved, and space technology can really help with that.”
12. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. A successful space exploration.
B. A probe sent to other planets.
C. The planet people are living on now.
D. The solar system people are exploring.
13. In Clayton's opinion, what should be the first concern about space technology
A. Providing more financial support.
B. Improving people's life on earth.
C. Sending more probes in the universe.
D. The development of related technology.
14. How does Victoria support her statement about satellite monitoring in Paragraph 2
A. By making reasoning.
B. By providing accurate figures.
C. By making comparison.
D. By illustrating from different aspects.
15. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Necessities of space exploration.
B. Breakthroughs in space exploration.
C. Possible application of space technology.
D. Controversial issues about space technology.
四川省成都市2020届高三三诊英语试卷
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Find volunteer opportunities on Australia's largest volunteer website：
Community Visitors Plan
Volunteer to visit and talk with a selected resident in an aged care facility in Sydney on a one- to-one basis, at least once a fortnight or a minimum of 20 visits per year. Your visit will help brighten the day of an elder member of your community and improve their quality of life through friendship and companionship.
Volunteer Non-Executive Director
Greater Whitsunday Alliance （GW3） is looking for a willing and experienced industry or community leader from the Whitsunday region who is passionate about the economic development of the greater Whitsunday region to join the GW3 board as volunteer, non-executive director.
Gallery Attendant
Your commitment to volunteering at the Museum is highly valued by Army Museum North Queensland, the Australian Army History Unit and the Australian Defence Force. The role of volunteers is important in enhancing Museum activities and providing programs and services that would not otherwise be available.
Red Cross Shop Summer Season Volunteer
Multiple volunteer positions available at Red Cross Shops across Metro Melbourne. Monday to Sunday （minimum of two four-hour shifts per week） from the start of December to February 29th. By joining the team you'll get the opportunity to provide customer service, create window and visual merchandising displays, sort donations, and help raise money for those in need.
1. Who will most probably get the job as non-executive director
A. An agricultural expert in his fifties.
B. A retired economist from Whitsunday.
C. A senior college student majoring in finance.
D. An accountant expecting a handsome income.
2. How many hours at least will a volunteer work in the Red Cross Shop for the season
A. 48. B. 52. C. 104. D. 144.
3. Which one might interest a military fan most
A. Gallery Attendant.
B. Community Visitors Plan.
C. Volunteer Non — Executive Director.
D. Red Cross Shop Summer Season Volunteer.
B
"Like a monster, it destroys everything. " That's how one school girl described a tsunami（海啸）.
On Dec. 26, 2004, a magnitude-9. 1 earthquake in Indonesia set off a massive tsunami. It killed more than 230,000 people across four countries and cost an estimated $ 10 billion in damage.
Nov. 5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day and at the United Nations Wednesday, disaster risk reduction was high on the agenda.
"What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped," said Bulgarians U. N. Ambassador Georgi Velikov Panayotov. He was on vacation in Thailand in 2004 and survived the tsunami. "What we can do is build early warning systems and, of course, educate the population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave," he said.
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9 earthquake rocked northeastern Japan triggering a fierce tsunami that also damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, south of Sendai.
"When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011, people thought that we were prepared for it," said Japan's U. N. Ambassador Koro Bessho. "It caused severe damage. We had dams； we had drills. However, we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years, he said.
These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness. In 2015 the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was born. It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and improve preparedness for an effective response.
Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands which are disaster-prone（易受灾地区）. Willem Rampangilei, head of the Disaster Management Agency of Indonesia, said his government now has plans for every disaster-prone city.
Countries at risk are also expanding their education programs. Children from an early age are taught how to react in case of a tsunami and then go with their classmates to higher ground away from coastal areas to avoid the walls of water the tsunami triggers.
4. What does Georgi Velikov Panayotov mainly talk about
A. The general features of a tsunami. B. Ways for humans to face a tsunami.
C. His suffering in the 2004 tsunami. D. The loss caused by the 2004 tsunami.
5. In Koro Bessho's opinion, why did the 2011 earthquake cause severe damage
A. It caused a fierce tsunami. B. It destroyed a nuclear plant.
C. The size was beyond expectation. D. There was no effective defense system.
6. What common belief pushed different countries to take action to face a coming tsunami
A. Children should be protected by all means.
B. The improvement of preparedness can reduce damage.
C. Proper response in case of a tsunami can save one's life.
D. Stronger measures should be taken in disaster-prone areas.
7. Which can be the best title of the text
A. World Tsunami Awareness Day
B. Nations Attacked by Massive Tsunami
C. The Unpredictable and Destructive Disaster
D. Learn from Disasters to Prevent Future Ones
C
Archeology （考古学）isn't the dusty science it was a generation ago. New technologies that once seemed out of sci-fi are now locating buried traces of buildings and revealing the ruins of cities.
For more than a decade, Sarah Parcak and her team have been on the front line of this revolution. They use satellite images to find and explore ancient sites around the globe. Now they're about to take on a new challenge as they focus Global Xplorer citizen-science project on India.
In 2017, Parcak launched an online platform, called Global Xplorer, to crowd source （群众外包）the initial assessment of satellite images for signs of cultures from long ago. Anyone in the world with a computer and Internet access could help discover and protect remains of Peru's rich cultural heritage. The results have been surprising. About 80,000 participants from a hundred countries have identified 19,000 sites that were not in Peru's database. The platform for Peru is still running.
If all goes well, the work in India could last for years. "India has had relatively little archaeological work done," Parcak says. Also, the full extent of India's archaeological work has never been mapped completely. Parcak expects her project to make up that. “Wherever we end up going, the crowd's going to be able to see extraordinary things," Parcak says.
Thirty six India's cultural heritage relics are already listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Parcak thinks there could be tens of thousands of as yet unknown sites mapped as part of this project. The discoveries promise to be amazing across the land that has seen a parade of cultures come and go.
In the future, she hopes other countries will contact her to launch their own satellite surveys. The possibilities are huge. Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 million potential archaeological sites yet to be discovered. That means the sky is the limit for her project now that it has gotten off the ground successfully.
8. What's the purpose of Parcak's project
A. To interview citizens via the Internet.
B. To dig out more remains of ancient cities.
C. To build databases for unknown cultural heritage.
D. To identify unknown ancient sites through joint efforts.
9. What do we know about the participants in Peru project
A. They are Internet-equipped volunteers.
B. They are well-trained voluntary scholars.
C. They are mostly fans of archeology in Peru.
D. They are all archaeologists all over the world.
10. Why is Parcak's project important to India
A. India lacks thorough archaeological work.
B. Indians call for the protection of their rich cultures.
C. There's no amazing archaeological discovery in India.
D. India needs more relics listed as World Heritage Sites.
11. What does the underlined sentence "The possibilities are huge. " in Paragraph 6 mean
A. Parcak's project will become successful.
B. Few countries will start satellite surveys.
C. There will be amazing discoveries in India.
D. More archaeological sites will be identified.
D
Over 2. 5 quintillion （1018） bytes of data are created each day. Many of them consist of information that would allow people to be personally identified.
At the same time that we share our personal information, there is a growing concern with how that information is being gathered, stored, used and shared. While many economies like Canada and the EU have privacy laws dating back to the mid-1990s, changes to data practices in the past five years have motivated governments to review or update existing laws.
Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use. For instance, earlier this year, the World Economic Forum found that 1/3 of global citizens have no idea about how their personal information is used and that trust is lacking.
Privacy laws are changing to deal with the real and noticed risks of harm which result from the under-regulated or unregulated data economy. The EU has introduced big reform to laws which are aimed at protecting privacy. The EU's General Data Protection Regulation （GDPR） introduced strict requirements for those that control or process the personal data of the people who live in the EU. The GDPR's stated goals focus on the protection and basic rights of personal information. Certain US states are also entering the ring in the fight for control over personal data. They have passed or are actively considering privacy laws. California is out front. The California Consumer Privacy Act （CCPA） provides greater control to individuals over their personal information. There is a sense that privacy laws are on the near horizon in the US.
These are two examples that are actively pursuing more progressive privacy laws. One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices. This will ease compliance （遵守）across border and provide a valuable signal to the public that governments are keeping pace with rapid change.
12. What's the cause of the change of privacy laws
A. A growing need for information. B. Public concerns over data security.
C. General awareness of data control. D. Collection of personal information.
13. How does Paragraph 4 develop
A. By giving examples. B. By listing statistics.
C. By analyzing reasons. D. By making comparisons.
14. What is an important consideration for global law makers
A. The practice of laws in different fields.
B. The reflection of reality in different eras.
C. The consistency of laws in different regions.
D. The adaptation to changes in different societies.
15. What is the passage mainly about
A. EU passes new laws for privacy protection.
B. Governments ignore the violation of personal privacy.
C. Privacy laws are changing to protect personal information.
D. People lack the awareness of personal information protection.
答案：
四川省成都市2022届高三三诊英语试卷
21～25 ACBAD 26～30 CBBCD 31～35 ADCDA
四川省成都市2021届高三三诊英语试卷
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个旅游景点的特色和最佳旅游时间。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据ARCHAEOLOGICAL RUINS OF LIANGZHU CITY, CHINA部分“Best time to visit: March to May & October to mid December.”（最佳游览时间:3月至5月、10月至12月中旬。）可知，Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City在四月是最好的推荐。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据BAGAN, MYANMAR部分第一句“Located on the banks of the Ayeyarwady River, Bagan is the capital of the ancient Burmese empire and features a stunning range of Buddhist art and architecture.”（蒲甘位于伊洛瓦底江岸边，是古代缅甸帝国的首都，以一系列令人惊叹的佛教艺术和建筑为特色。）可知，蒲甘的特殊之处在于它浓重的宗教文化。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。文章介绍了几个国家的旅游景点，由此推知文章应来自一本杂志的地理部分。故选A。
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。一只在康涅狄格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“I was just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this bowl, I didn't even bargain over the $35 asking price”（我只是在那儿漫无目的地闲逛。但是当我看到这个碗的时候，我甚至没有对35美元的要价进行砍价）可知，这个碗的主人偶然发现了它。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from the period of Yongle Emperor, who ruled from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain (瓷器)techniques.”（经仔细观察，发现该工艺品起源于1403年至1424年的永乐年间，这一时期以其独特的瓷器工艺而闻名。）可知，独特的工艺使这只碗如此珍贵。故选D。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第六段第一句中的“The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques”（永乐皇帝改进了制瓷技术）和下文的“from being an ordinary bowl into a true work of art.（从普通的碗变成真正的艺术品。） ”可知，此处是指提高了瓷器的重要性，所以elevated意为“提高”。故选B。
【7题详解】
标题判断题。文章为新闻报道，首段为导语，是本文的主旨。根据第一段“A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique.”（一只在康涅狄格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董。）可知，文章主要是报道一个被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董的小碗。由此可知 “一只令人震惊的碗”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章展示了一项对阿尔兹海默症的新的研究的几个发现。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）．”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2. 5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。）可知，研究表明阿尔茨海默病与空气污染有关。故选C。
【9题详解】
观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Our study builds on the small but clear evidence indicating that long-term PM 2.5 exposures are associated with an increased risk of worsening brain health, even at PM 2.5 concentrations well below the current national standards”（我们的研究建立在少量但明确的证据之上，这些证据表明，即使PM 2.5浓度远低于当前的国家标准，长期接触PM 2.5也会增加大脑健康恶化的风险）可知，研究者对美国目前的PM 2.5国家标准并不赞同。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“They owe the increased risk to women and white people to longer life, which means the probability of death from other causes before developing Alzheimer is higher in men and nonwhites.”（女性和白人患病风险增加的原因是寿命延长，这意味着男性和非白人在患老年痴呆症之前死于其他原因的概率更高。）可知，因为女性和白人的寿命比男人和非白人更长，所以他们更容易患老年痴呆症。故选D。
【11题详解】
目的意图题。根据第一段第一句“A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）．”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2. 5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。），第三段第一句“Antonella Zanobetti, a co-author of the study, said the new research results show that current U. S. regulations are inadequate to protect the aging American population”（这项研究的合著者Antonella Zanobetti说，新的研究结果表明，目前的美国法规不足以保护老龄化的美国人口）和第四段第一句“Women, white people, and urban populations, particularly in the Northeast, were particularly at risk, the research showed.”（研究显示，女性、白人和城市人口，尤其是东北部地区的人口，面临的风险尤其大。）可知，文章主要是为了展示新的研究的发现。故选A。
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，在过去的几十年里，空间探索领域取得了巨大的进展，空间技术也会在各个领域起到很大的作用。
【12题详解】
指代猜测题。根据第一段第四句“Let's focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then we'll go from there.”（让我们现在关注保护地球环境，然后我们会从那里开始。）可知，此处是指地球是目前为止最好的一个，所以我们要保护地球环境。所以this是指我们现在所居住的星球。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life.”（空间科学技术要坚持以人为本、以应用为中心，以改善人类生活为中心。）可知，在克莱顿看来，空间技术应该首先关注改善人类生活。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。）可知，Victoria认为空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。根据第二段第二句“Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture.”（卫星监测真的可以帮助农业。）和最后一句“As a result, it enables consumers to know that the beef they are eating does not come from protected areas or the cattle don't contribute to deforestation.”（因此，它使消费者知道他们吃的牛肉不是来自保护区，或者牛没有促进森林砍伐。）可知，Victoria通过说明卫星监测帮助农业和环保方面来佐证自己的观点。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。），第三段第一句As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, former Administrator of NASA, put forward the concept of the “space economy” in a speech.（早在2007年，美国国家航空航天局前局长Michael Griffin就在一次演讲中提出了“空间经济”的概念。）；第四段第一句“As an entrepreneur(创业者）herself, Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs.”（作为一名企业家，维多利亚认为蓬勃发展的太空市场将为企业家带来无数的机会。）可知，文章主要是讲太空技术可能的应用。故选C。
四川省成都市2020届高三三诊英语试卷
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章向读者介绍了几种志愿活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“Greater Whitsunday Alliance （GW3） is looking for a willing and experienced industry or community leader from the Whitsunday region who is passionate about the economic development of the greater Whitsunday region to join the GW3 board as volunteer, non-executive director.”（GW3正在寻找一位愿意和有经验的并来自Whitsunday地区的行业或社区领袖，她/他要对大Whitsunday地区的经济发展充满热情，以志愿者、非执行董事的身份加入GW3董事会。）可知来自Whitsunday的退休经济学家最有可能得到非执行董事的职位。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Monday to Sunday （minimum of two four-hour shifts per week） from the start of December to February 29th.”（12月初至2月29日，周一至周日（每周至少两次4小时轮班）。）可知从12月初至2月29日，一共13周，一周至少8小时，一共104小时。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Your commitment to volunteering at the Museum is highly valued by Army Museum North Queensland, the Australian Army History Unit and the Australian Defence Force.”（北昆士兰陆军博物馆、澳大利亚陆军历史组和澳大利亚国防军高度重视你在博物馆志愿服务的承诺。）可推断出军事迷最感兴趣的是Gallery Attendant。故选A项。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。海啸频发的国家从灾难中吸取教训，防止未来再次发生海啸。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped," 和"What we can do is build… of the tsunami wave," he said.可知Georgi Velikov Panayotov说“我能告诉你们的是，海啸的浪潮是无法阻止的。2004年，他在泰国度假，并在海啸中幸存下来。他说:“我们能做的是建立早期预警系统，当然，教育人们海啸的破坏力。”也就是说他主要在谈论人类面对海啸的方法，故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中的“When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011, people thought that we were prepared for it,…However, we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years, he said.”可知Koro Bessho说他们已经为地震做好了准备，但是他们一直以为这次的地震是100年一次的地震，结果这次地震的规模可能是500年或1000年一次。也就说他认为地震的规模超过了他们的预期，导致他们准备不足从而遭受了严重的损失。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段中的“These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness. …It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and improve preparedness for an effective response.”可知这两起事件促使该地区各国加紧审查和改进防灾准备工作。2015年，仙台减少灾害风险框架诞生。它的目的是帮助人们更好地了解灾害风险，并改进对有效应对的准备工作。根据第八段“said his government now has plans for every disaster-prone city.”可知印度政府现在已经为每个灾害易发城市制定了计划。印度和日本都吸取教训加强了防灾准备工作来应对海啸，由此判断这些国家都认为改进准备工作可以减少损失。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章首先用印度的一场海啸以及引用保加利亚以及日本国家大使在联合国会议的发言来表明海啸的危害以及人们从中吸取的教训。接着作者以日本仙台和印度为例说明海啸频发地区各国从灾难中学习，加紧审查和改进防灾准备工作，并提到面临海啸风险的国家也在扩大其教育项目。D项（人们从灾难中学习来预防未来的灾难）最能概括本文，是最适合的标题。故选D项。
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文。通过记叙萨拉创立现代考古平台Global Xplorer的一些经历，来发表一些观点。比如，考古不再是几十年前灰头土脸的科学，而是可以利用高科技来定位和发掘这些埋在城市废墟底下的古迹了。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。这是推理判断题类型里的目的意图题。问帕卡克项目的目的是什么。首先定位在帕卡克项目第一次出现的地方：第一段末尾和第二段开头两句话：Now they're about to take on a new challenge as they focus Global Xplorer citizen-science project on India.现在他们即将接受一个新的挑战，他们将把全球公民科学项目的重点放在印度。In 2017, Parcak launched an online platform, called Global Xplorer, to crowd source （群众外包）the initial assessment of satellite images for signs of cultures from long ago.2017年，Parcak推出了一个名为Global Xplorer的在线平台，用于对卫星图像进行初步评估，寻找远古文明的迹象。从这些信息可以看出来帕卡克是想发动群众的力量来寻找古迹，而网络是最方便的路径。这句意图对很久以前的文化古迹卫星图像进行初始评估也就是说通过群众即大家的力量来辨别卫星图像。此意与D选项切合：To identify unknown ancient sites through joint efforts.通过联合的力量来辨识不知名的古迹。故选D。
9题详解】
推理判断题。通过题干中的participants in Peru project定位文章中的相应位置。Anyone in the world with a computer and Internet access could help discover and protect remains of Peru's rich cultural heritage.文章中说全世界任何拥有电脑和能上网的人都帮助找出,并发现、保护秘鲁丰富的文化遗产。这句话足以说明此题的答案全世界任何拥有电脑和能够上网的人即是参与者participants，他们不需要培训，所以B选项排除；他们也不一定对在秘鲁的考古感兴趣，所以排除C；他们是来自于全世界各地的考古学家，更是无中生有,可以排除。因此A选项：“They are Internet-equipped volunteers.他们都是网络装备好了的志愿者们”最切合题意。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。审题得知帕卡克的项目对于印度很重要的原因是什么。可以浏览信息得知定位于第四段：If all goes well, the work in India could last for years. 如果一切进展顺利，印度的考古工作得延续十年以上。"India has had relatively little archaeological work done," Parcak says.帕卡克说，“印度的考古工作做得相对来说比较少” Also, the full extent of India's archaeological work has never been mapped completely.此外，印度考古工作的全部范围从未被完全绘制出来。因此可以推出印度的考古还是很欠缺的。而A选项：“India lacks thorough archaeological work.印度缺乏彻底的考古工作”切合题意。这里完全thorough和completely同义转换得来的。所以推出此题答案为A选项。故选A。
【11题详解】
词义猜测题。此题实际为猜测句意题。此类题目一定要回扣文章，看句子的出处。句子的前一句是：In the future, she hopes other countries will contact her to launch their own satellite surveys. 将来，她希望其他国家会联系她发起他们自己的卫星调查。句子的后一句是： Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 million potential archaeological sites yet to be discovered.帕卡克估计至少有1200万潜在的古迹遗址还没有被发现。这么多的古迹遗址没有被发现，其被发现的可能性是很高的。据此可推出D选项：More archaeological sites will be identified.更多的考古遗址会被确认。这和文章意思切合。故选D。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。数据安全越来越受到人们的关注，由此刺激了隐私法的修订，多个地区开始修订或更新现存的隐私法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use.(公众日益增长的对数据积累和使用的担忧刺激了隐私法的修订。)”可知，公众对数据安全的担忧是隐私法修订的原因。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。第四段第一句“Privacy laws are changing to deal with the real and noticed risks of harm which result from the under-regulated or unregulated data economy.(隐私法正在修订来解决现实的和已经被注意到的由于处于管制或无管制的数据经济造成的危害风险，)”是本段的主题句，接下来提到“欧盟引进旨在保护隐私的法律改革”、“欧盟的通用数据保护条例介绍了对控制和加工个人数据的严格要求”、“美国一些州也进入了控制个人数据的拳击场”、“加州消费隐私法案对个人信息提供更严格的控制”等内容是通过举例对主题句进行说明，所以本段是通过举例展开的。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices.(一个重要的考虑因素是为最佳法律实践统一全球标准。)”可知，对全球法律制定者来说，不同地区法律的一致性是考虑的一个重要因素。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。第三段Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use. （公众对不受限制地积累和使用数据的想法日益感到担忧，这推动了隐私法的变化。）是全文的主题句，结合文章内容可知，文章主要讲述数据安全越来越受到人们的关注，由此刺激了隐私法的修订，多个地区开始修订或更新现存的隐私法，所以C项“隐私法正在修订来保护个人信息”能概括文章大意。故选C项。
2020-2022届（三年）高三三诊英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
四川省成都市2022届高三三诊英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Hidden London: the Exhibition
Visit an “abandoned” Tube station underworld and discover what secrets are hidden beneath our busy streets in our new Hidden London exhibition at London Transport Museum!
Hidden London: the Exhibition takes you on a journey of some of London’s most secret spaces in the world’s oldest underground system. These “forgotten” parts of the Tube network have incredible stories to tell about Britain’s wartime past.
You can enjoy the largest number of rare photos and objects from disused stations that have been brought together in one location.
Discover stories about how Churchill took shelter at the height of the Blitz deep underground at Down Street station. See how shelterers lived down at Clapham South station, where they slept and how they kept entertained.
You can also explore other locations that we have recreated in our Global Gallery, including the historic abandoned ticket hall at Aldwych station with an original 1930s ticket office.
The exhibition uncovers why these “lost" parts of the underground network exist. Changes in population, economic priorities and political pressures have all led to spaces being abandoned. But they rarely stay that way. While some sections of the Tube system lie “forgotten”, many have been repurposed for new activities and are used for special Hidden London tours, growing salad leaves, and for filming locations, including Charing Cross, which featured in Skyfall (2012).
Admission Charges:
Child Ticket: FREE
Adult Ticket: 16.50 per ticket
Reduced Ticket: 15.50 per ticket
Reduced price applies to senior citizens (60+) and visitors with disabilities.
Opening Times:
Every day: 10:00—18:00
Last entry: 17:00
Address: 39 Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London
21. What can visitors do at the exhibition
A. Admire a collection of photos. B. Buy tickets in a deserted hall.
C. Grow vegetables underground. D. Live a sheltered life in war time.
22. Which station was used as a film set
A. Aldwych. B. Down Street. C. Charing Cross. D. Clapham South.
23. How much should a kid with grandparents both aged57 pay for the admission
A. 31 B. 33 C. 46.5 D. 49.5
B
During the time when Theodor Geisel was working as a children’s book author, a popular primer (初级读本) for young children involved the story of two characters named Dick and Jane. However, Dick and Jane were boring. Consequently, these boring characters kept children from learning how to read. Writer John Hershey described the problem in a1954 article in Life magazine. Upon reading it, William Spaulding, the director of Houghton Mifflin, decided to invite Geisel to create an exciting children’s book.
Geisel thought, “No sweat”. But in fact, he did sweat for a year and a half. Accustomed to inventing words at his leisure in his previous books, the imaginative author underestimated how difficult it would be to limit his vocabulary to around200 words. He stared at Spaulding’s word list for a year but got nothing.
Out of frustration, he finally chose the first two words that rhymed as the title. Cat and hat were what he found. He next worked on what the cat would look like and how he would act. As Geisel wrote, his cat was shaped and inspired by two other cartoon cats he had admired since childhood. The first was from comic Krazy Kat. Geisel’s cat would channel Krazy’s physical appearance. As for its personality, Geisel looked to another cartoon cat for inspiration: Felix the Cat. Felix was adventurous and Geisel’s cat would behave with a similar confidence.
Now that he had a main character, finding things for that character to do within the limitation of the word list was like putting his cat in a straitjacket. As Geisel slowly wrote and rewrote The Cat in the Hat throughout1956, he figured out a few tricks to help his writing. He would repeat words or phrases, which gave his works a distinct and regular rhythm that helped young readers learn words through look-say repetition.
Upon publication in1957, The Cat in the Hat was an instant hit and made Geisel a world famous children’s book author.
24. What made it hard for Geisel to create his story
A. The restriction of word selections. B. Criticisms from another writer.
C. The publisher’s demand for quality. D. The change of his writing topic.
25. What do we know about the cat in Geisel’s book
A. It is as confident as Krazy. B. It is dressed in a straitjacket.
C. It takes after Felix in appearance. D. It takes on features of two cartoon cats.
26. Which of the following best describes the language in The Cat in the Hat
A. Varied and plain. B. Simple but insightful.
C. Repetitive and rhythmic. D. Limited but well-organized.
27. What is the text mainly about
A. The creation of cats in children’s books.
B. The story behind a famous children’s book.
C. A well-known writer in children’s literature.
D. Difficulties and skills in writing a children’s book.
C
Arul Mathur, an 11th grade student in California could have found the answer to saving people’s homes when threatened by wildfires and other types of fires that could affect them and their property.
To best deal with wildfire “season”，he created a fire-activated extinguisher (灭火器) called F. A. C. E.. Basically, it can work as a single device that is able to protect fire-risk areas around someone’s house like in the kitchen or bedroom.
Recently moving with his family to California, he came face to face with the possibility of wildfires. When explaining his inspiration behind his invention, he said, “I heard about the hundreds of thousands of people, including my new friends, who abandoned their houses every year to flee from wildfires, but I never thought that I could be one of those people. Finally, in the summer of 2019, a wildfire threatened to force my family to leave our home. At that moment, I knew that I needed to do something about it.”
F. A. C. E. works through a sensor on the device. When heated up to a particular temperature, the chemicals inside burst and release a spray that stops fire spreading at least five to six feet in all directions with the help of a sprinkler (喷洒器) attached to it. When placed in certain strategic areas, they could actually work together in order to stop bush fires from turning into wildfires. Meanwhile, they could also stop a kitchen or living room fire from becoming a massive house fire.
This new solution to wildfires will be sold for $120 once production starts. Currently, the only other similar alternative for his invention is the automatic sprinkler systems that may be lavish for some families. They first need to be placed in the home during early construction of the house, and tend to cost around thousands of dollars.
28. What made Mathur decide to invent F. A. C. E.
A. His move to California. B. His encounter with a wildfire.
C. The coming wildfire “season”. D. The property losses of his friends.
29. What does Paragraph4 mainly talk about
A. The advantages of the device.
B. The components of the device.
C. The working principle of the device.
D. The operating procedure of the device.
30. What does the underlined word “lavish” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Complex. B. Time-consuming.
C. Inefficient. D. Costly.
31. What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text
A. To introduce a new invention.
B. To praise a teenager’s creativity.
C. To advertise a new fire extinguisher.
D. To suggest a new way of fighting fires.
D
Forests have a crucial role in cooling Earth’s surface by absorbing CO2 like a sponge (海绵). But only two-thirds of their cooling power comes from their ability to suck in CO2 and store it, according to a study by Deborah Lawrence, an environmental scientist. The other one-third comes from the biophysical effects — their ability to create clouds, dampen the air and release cooling chemicals.
Trees in the forests provide shade, but they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating, Lawrence says.
This, in turn, creates the right conditions for clouds, which, like snow and ice in the Arctic, can reflect sunlight higher into the atmosphere and further cool the surroundings. Trees also release organic compounds that react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to sometimes create a net cooling effect.
To quantify (量化) these effects，Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude (纬度). The researchers found that the world’s forests cool the surface of the planet by around 0.5℃ because of biophysical effects alone.
Threats to rainforests are dangerous not only for the global climate, but for communities that neighbour the forests, Lawrence says. She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally. Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area’s agriculture and cities from heatwaves, Lawrence says. “Every tenth of a degree matters in limiting extreme weather. And where you have forests, the extremes are minimized.”
This study confirms that forests have other significant ways of affecting the climate systm, giving us more reasons why deforestation is bad for the climate. It could enable scientists to improve their climate models, while helping governments to work out better conservation and climate strategies.
32. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. The tree leaves in forests. B. The shade provided by trees.
C. The surrounding area in forests. D. The water circulation done by trees.
33. How did Lawrence quantify the biophysical effects of forests
A. By removing some other factors.
B. By comparing data of different times.
C. By studying the contributions separately.
D. By measuring the temperature in different places.
34. What is the significance of Lawrence’s study
A. It develops a new climate model.
B. It matters in limiting extreme weather.
C. It highlights the dangers of deforestation.
D. It provides a scientific basis for conservation efforts.
35. What’s the best title of the text
A. Forests: More Than a Carbon Sponge
B. Forests: The Disappearing Green Lung
C. Forests: Major Players in Carbon Cycles
D. Forests: Guardians of Local Communities
四川省成都市2021届高三三诊英语试卷
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
VATNAJ KULL NATIONAL PARK, ICELAND
Vatnaj kull National Park is home to one of the largest glaciers in the world and two active volcanoes. A popular place to explore ice caves, you can experience here the breath-taking views of waterfalls, frozen rivers and herds of reindeer through cave tours, glacial hikes and jeep safaris.
Best time to visit: May to September
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RUINS OF LIANGZHU CITY, CHINA
Dating back to 5,300 years ago, the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City is considered as an important representation of early urban civilization based on rice plantation. The city ruins show the contributions made by the Yangtze River Basin to the origins of Chinese civilization.
Best time to visit: March to May & October to mid December.
BAGAN, MYANMAR
Located on the banks of the Ayeyarwady River, Bagan is the capital of the ancient Burmese empire and features a stunning range of Buddhist art and architecture. Visitors can get the best views at sunrise by taking a hot air balloon ride and witness hundreds of architectural treasures as far as the eye can reach.
Best time to visit: November to February.
JAIPUR CITY, INDIA
The walled city of Jaipur is one of the most colourful cities in the world and part of India's famous Golden Triangle. The city is not only famous for its pink coloured buildings, but also the houses, shops, restaurants and hotels which give you a feast for colors. Besides, you can enjoy the city's layout, busy streets and large public squares.
Best time to visit: November to March.
1. Which of the following is best recommended in April
A. Bagan. B. Jaipur City.
C. Vatnaj kull National Park. D. Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City.
2. What is special about Bagan
A. It features views of volcanoes.
B. It is heavy with religious culture.
C. It has a history of over 5000 years.
D. It's known for colorful architecture.
3. In which part of a magazine can you most probably read this text
A. Geography. B. Culture. C. Science. D. Environment.
B
A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique.
The blue-and-white bowl was made by China's royal court during the Ming dynasty. It is now expected to sell for up to $500,000, according to Sotheby's auction(拍卖)house in New York, where the auction will take place next month.
The purchase was made last year near New Haven, Connecticut. “I was just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this bowl, I didn't even bargain over the $35 asking price,” the owner said. Shortly after the purchase, he sent photos of the bowl to auction specialists, who identified it as an item of historical significance.
Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from the period of Yongle Emperor, who ruled from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain (瓷器)techniques. It's now valued between $300,000 and $500,000, with the top estimate nearly 14,300 times the amount it was purchased for.
“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上釉)and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said.
“The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques and elevated the importance of porcelain from being an ordinary bowl into a true work of art. This small bowl has both practical and artistic value, ”McAteer said.
4. What can we infer about the bowl's owner
A. He found the bowl by accident.
B. He hesitated during the purchase.
C. He doubted whether the bowl was real.
D. He bought the bowl because it was cheap.
5. What makes the bowl so precious
A. The blue color on it. B. The long history it has.
C. The people who made it. D. The unique techniques used.
6. What does the underlined word “elevated” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Forsaw. B. Promoted.
C. Assessed. D. Acknowledged.
7. What's the best title of the text
A. An Amazing Bowl B. A Special Yard Sale
C. The Return of Porcelains D. A Man Making Fortune
C
A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔茨海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）. A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2.5. Such particles are produced mainly during the burning of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil. The risk remained high even at concentrations below 12 micrograms per cubic meter, a level the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency currently considers safe.
“Our study builds on the small but clear evidence indicating that long-term PM 2.5 exposures are associated with an increased risk of worsening brain health, even at PM 2.5 concentrations well below the current national standards,” said Xiao Wu, a doctoral student in Harvard.
Antonella Zanobetti, a co-author of the study, said the new research results show that current U. S. regulations are inadequate to protect the aging American population, “highlighting the need for stricter standards and policies that help further reduce PM 2.5 concentrations and improve air quality overall”。
Women, white people, and urban populations, particularly in the Northeast, were particularly at risk, the research showed. The researchers figured that the increased effects on urban populations might be due to the “abundance of metal-bearing particles in the urban atmosphere, which have very smaller size and can access the brain directly”. They owe the increased risk to women and white people to longer life, which means the probability of death from other causes before developing Alzheimer is higher in men and nonwhites.
8. What can we learn about the new research in Paragraph 1
A. It proved PM 2.5 was caused by fossil fuel.
B. It aimed at improving the elders' brain health.
C. It showed Alzheimer was linked to air pollution.
D. It focused on the effect of PM 2.5 on environment.
9 What is the researchers' attitude towards the current U. S. PM 2.5 national standards
A. Supportive. B. Disapproving. C. Cautious. D. Ambiguous.
10 Why do women and white people have higher risk of brain health problems
A. They mainly live in cities.
B. They are in much worse condition.
C. They are affected by PM 2.5 more easily.
D. They live longer than men and nonwhites.
11. What's the purpose of the text
A. To present findings of a new research.
B. To call on us to protect the environment.
C. To analyze various reasons for Alzheimer.
D. To draw our attention to the elders' health.
D
In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the field of space exploration, which has enabled mankind to have a deeper understanding of the Solar System, our place in it and in the universe. “We sent probes(探测器) to every planet in the Solar System. This is by far the best one,” said Clayton, vice president of Blue Origin. “Let's focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then we'll go from there. Space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life. We need to have a strong footing on the Earth, learn to solve the day-to-day problems of the society.”
“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations. Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture. ” said Victoria, CEO of a company working on sustainable development, “Through Global Navigation Satellite System, animals' movement information recorded on self-recharging devices can be transmitted to the company server. Farmers can be alerted in real time if anomalies(异常现象）are detected. We can use it to ensure the traceability of the entire meat chain. As a result, it enables consumers to know that the beef they are eating does not come from protected areas or the cattle don't contribute to deforestation. ”
As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, former Administrator of NASA, put forward the concept of the “space economy” in a speech. He is very optimistic about the market prospect of commercial space and said, “According to the latest data, the global space industry could reach $1 trillion in 2040, up from $ 378 billion currently. I believe more business models and space activities will be created in the future to achieve the economic scale of $1 trillion. ”
As an entrepreneur(创业者）herself, Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs. She mentioned future settlements on Mars or on the Moon. “If we are going to develop a new society outside the Earth, we will need all types of applications and all types of startups. But coming back to the Earth, there are so many problems that need to be solved, and space technology can really help with that.”
12. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. A successful space exploration.
B. A probe sent to other planets.
C. The planet people are living on now.
D. The solar system people are exploring.
13. In Clayton's opinion, what should be the first concern about space technology
A. Providing more financial support.
B. Improving people's life on earth.
C. Sending more probes in the universe.
D. The development of related technology.
14. How does Victoria support her statement about satellite monitoring in Paragraph 2
A. By making reasoning.
B. By providing accurate figures.
C. By making comparison.
D. By illustrating from different aspects.
15. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Necessities of space exploration.
B. Breakthroughs in space exploration.
C. Possible application of space technology.
D. Controversial issues about space technology.
四川省成都市2020届高三三诊英语试卷
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Find volunteer opportunities on Australia's largest volunteer website：
Community Visitors Plan
Volunteer to visit and talk with a selected resident in an aged care facility in Sydney on a one- to-one basis, at least once a fortnight or a minimum of 20 visits per year. Your visit will help brighten the day of an elder member of your community and improve their quality of life through friendship and companionship.
Volunteer Non-Executive Director
Greater Whitsunday Alliance （GW3） is looking for a willing and experienced industry or community leader from the Whitsunday region who is passionate about the economic development of the greater Whitsunday region to join the GW3 board as volunteer, non-executive director.
Gallery Attendant
Your commitment to volunteering at the Museum is highly valued by Army Museum North Queensland, the Australian Army History Unit and the Australian Defence Force. The role of volunteers is important in enhancing Museum activities and providing programs and services that would not otherwise be available.
Red Cross Shop Summer Season Volunteer
Multiple volunteer positions available at Red Cross Shops across Metro Melbourne. Monday to Sunday （minimum of two four-hour shifts per week） from the start of December to February 29th. By joining the team you'll get the opportunity to provide customer service, create window and visual merchandising displays, sort donations, and help raise money for those in need.
1. Who will most probably get the job as non-executive director
A. An agricultural expert in his fifties.
B. A retired economist from Whitsunday.
C. A senior college student majoring in finance.
D. An accountant expecting a handsome income.
2. How many hours at least will a volunteer work in the Red Cross Shop for the season
A. 48. B. 52. C. 104. D. 144.
3. Which one might interest a military fan most
A. Gallery Attendant.
B. Community Visitors Plan.
C. Volunteer Non — Executive Director.
D. Red Cross Shop Summer Season Volunteer.
B
"Like a monster, it destroys everything. " That's how one school girl described a tsunami（海啸）.
On Dec. 26, 2004, a magnitude-9. 1 earthquake in Indonesia set off a massive tsunami. It killed more than 230,000 people across four countries and cost an estimated $ 10 billion in damage.
Nov. 5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day and at the United Nations Wednesday, disaster risk reduction was high on the agenda.
"What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped," said Bulgarians U. N. Ambassador Georgi Velikov Panayotov. He was on vacation in Thailand in 2004 and survived the tsunami. "What we can do is build early warning systems and, of course, educate the population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave," he said.
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9 earthquake rocked northeastern Japan triggering a fierce tsunami that also damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, south of Sendai.
"When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011, people thought that we were prepared for it," said Japan's U. N. Ambassador Koro Bessho. "It caused severe damage. We had dams； we had drills. However, we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years, he said.
These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness. In 2015 the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was born. It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and improve preparedness for an effective response.
Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands which are disaster-prone（易受灾地区）. Willem Rampangilei, head of the Disaster Management Agency of Indonesia, said his government now has plans for every disaster-prone city.
Countries at risk are also expanding their education programs. Children from an early age are taught how to react in case of a tsunami and then go with their classmates to higher ground away from coastal areas to avoid the walls of water the tsunami triggers.
4. What does Georgi Velikov Panayotov mainly talk about
A. The general features of a tsunami. B. Ways for humans to face a tsunami.
C. His suffering in the 2004 tsunami. D. The loss caused by the 2004 tsunami.
5. In Koro Bessho's opinion, why did the 2011 earthquake cause severe damage
A. It caused a fierce tsunami. B. It destroyed a nuclear plant.
C. The size was beyond expectation. D. There was no effective defense system.
6. What common belief pushed different countries to take action to face a coming tsunami
A. Children should be protected by all means.
B. The improvement of preparedness can reduce damage.
C. Proper response in case of a tsunami can save one's life.
D. Stronger measures should be taken in disaster-prone areas.
7. Which can be the best title of the text
A. World Tsunami Awareness Day
B. Nations Attacked by Massive Tsunami
C. The Unpredictable and Destructive Disaster
D. Learn from Disasters to Prevent Future Ones
C
Archeology （考古学）isn't the dusty science it was a generation ago. New technologies that once seemed out of sci-fi are now locating buried traces of buildings and revealing the ruins of cities.
For more than a decade, Sarah Parcak and her team have been on the front line of this revolution. They use satellite images to find and explore ancient sites around the globe. Now they're about to take on a new challenge as they focus Global Xplorer citizen-science project on India.
In 2017, Parcak launched an online platform, called Global Xplorer, to crowd source （群众外包）the initial assessment of satellite images for signs of cultures from long ago. Anyone in the world with a computer and Internet access could help discover and protect remains of Peru's rich cultural heritage. The results have been surprising. About 80,000 participants from a hundred countries have identified 19,000 sites that were not in Peru's database. The platform for Peru is still running.
If all goes well, the work in India could last for years. "India has had relatively little archaeological work done," Parcak says. Also, the full extent of India's archaeological work has never been mapped completely. Parcak expects her project to make up that. “Wherever we end up going, the crowd's going to be able to see extraordinary things," Parcak says.
Thirty six India's cultural heritage relics are already listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Parcak thinks there could be tens of thousands of as yet unknown sites mapped as part of this project. The discoveries promise to be amazing across the land that has seen a parade of cultures come and go.
In the future, she hopes other countries will contact her to launch their own satellite surveys. The possibilities are huge. Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 million potential archaeological sites yet to be discovered. That means the sky is the limit for her project now that it has gotten off the ground successfully.
8. What's the purpose of Parcak's project
A. To interview citizens via the Internet.
B. To dig out more remains of ancient cities.
C. To build databases for unknown cultural heritage.
D. To identify unknown ancient sites through joint efforts.
9. What do we know about the participants in Peru project
A. They are Internet-equipped volunteers.
B. They are well-trained voluntary scholars.
C. They are mostly fans of archeology in Peru.
D. They are all archaeologists all over the world.
10. Why is Parcak's project important to India
A. India lacks thorough archaeological work.
B. Indians call for the protection of their rich cultures.
C. There's no amazing archaeological discovery in India.
D. India needs more relics listed as World Heritage Sites.
11. What does the underlined sentence "The possibilities are huge. " in Paragraph 6 mean
A. Parcak's project will become successful.
B. Few countries will start satellite surveys.
C. There will be amazing discoveries in India.
D. More archaeological sites will be identified.
D
Over 2. 5 quintillion （1018） bytes of data are created each day. Many of them consist of information that would allow people to be personally identified.
At the same time that we share our personal information, there is a growing concern with how that information is being gathered, stored, used and shared. While many economies like Canada and the EU have privacy laws dating back to the mid-1990s, changes to data practices in the past five years have motivated governments to review or update existing laws.
Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use. For instance, earlier this year, the World Economic Forum found that 1/3 of global citizens have no idea about how their personal information is used and that trust is lacking.
Privacy laws are changing to deal with the real and noticed risks of harm which result from the under-regulated or unregulated data economy. The EU has introduced big reform to laws which are aimed at protecting privacy. The EU's General Data Protection Regulation （GDPR） introduced strict requirements for those that control or process the personal data of the people who live in the EU. The GDPR's stated goals focus on the protection and basic rights of personal information. Certain US states are also entering the ring in the fight for control over personal data. They have passed or are actively considering privacy laws. California is out front. The California Consumer Privacy Act （CCPA） provides greater control to individuals over their personal information. There is a sense that privacy laws are on the near horizon in the US.
These are two examples that are actively pursuing more progressive privacy laws. One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices. This will ease compliance （遵守）across border and provide a valuable signal to the public that governments are keeping pace with rapid change.
12. What's the cause of the change of privacy laws
A. A growing need for information. B. Public concerns over data security.
C. General awareness of data control. D. Collection of personal information.
13. How does Paragraph 4 develop
A. By giving examples. B. By listing statistics.
C. By analyzing reasons. D. By making comparisons.
14. What is an important consideration for global law makers
A. The practice of laws in different fields.
B. The reflection of reality in different eras.
C. The consistency of laws in different regions.
D. The adaptation to changes in different societies.
15. What is the passage mainly about
A. EU passes new laws for privacy protection.
B. Governments ignore the violation of personal privacy.
C. Privacy laws are changing to protect personal information.
D. People lack the awareness of personal information protection.
答案：
四川省成都市2022届高三三诊英语试卷
21～25 ACBAD 26～30 CBBCD 31～35 ADCDA
四川省成都市2021届高三三诊英语试卷
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个旅游景点的特色和最佳旅游时间。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据ARCHAEOLOGICAL RUINS OF LIANGZHU CITY, CHINA部分“Best time to visit: March to May & October to mid December.”（最佳游览时间:3月至5月、10月至12月中旬。）可知，Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City在四月是最好的推荐。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据BAGAN, MYANMAR部分第一句“Located on the banks of the Ayeyarwady River, Bagan is the capital of the ancient Burmese empire and features a stunning range of Buddhist art and architecture.”（蒲甘位于伊洛瓦底江岸边，是古代缅甸帝国的首都，以一系列令人惊叹的佛教艺术和建筑为特色。）可知，蒲甘的特殊之处在于它浓重的宗教文化。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。文章介绍了几个国家的旅游景点，由此推知文章应来自一本杂志的地理部分。故选A。
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。一只在康涅狄格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“I was just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this bowl, I didn't even bargain over the $35 asking price”（我只是在那儿漫无目的地闲逛。但是当我看到这个碗的时候，我甚至没有对35美元的要价进行砍价）可知，这个碗的主人偶然发现了它。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from the period of Yongle Emperor, who ruled from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain (瓷器)techniques.”（经仔细观察，发现该工艺品起源于1403年至1424年的永乐年间，这一时期以其独特的瓷器工艺而闻名。）可知，独特的工艺使这只碗如此珍贵。故选D。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第六段第一句中的“The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques”（永乐皇帝改进了制瓷技术）和下文的“from being an ordinary bowl into a true work of art.（从普通的碗变成真正的艺术品。） ”可知，此处是指提高了瓷器的重要性，所以elevated意为“提高”。故选B。
【7题详解】
标题判断题。文章为新闻报道，首段为导语，是本文的主旨。根据第一段“A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique.”（一只在康涅狄格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董。）可知，文章主要是报道一个被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董的小碗。由此可知 “一只令人震惊的碗”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章展示了一项对阿尔兹海默症的新的研究的几个发现。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）．”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2. 5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。）可知，研究表明阿尔茨海默病与空气污染有关。故选C。
【9题详解】
观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Our study builds on the small but clear evidence indicating that long-term PM 2.5 exposures are associated with an increased risk of worsening brain health, even at PM 2.5 concentrations well below the current national standards”（我们的研究建立在少量但明确的证据之上，这些证据表明，即使PM 2.5浓度远低于当前的国家标准，长期接触PM 2.5也会增加大脑健康恶化的风险）可知，研究者对美国目前的PM 2.5国家标准并不赞同。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“They owe the increased risk to women and white people to longer life, which means the probability of death from other causes before developing Alzheimer is higher in men and nonwhites.”（女性和白人患病风险增加的原因是寿命延长，这意味着男性和非白人在患老年痴呆症之前死于其他原因的概率更高。）可知，因为女性和白人的寿命比男人和非白人更长，所以他们更容易患老年痴呆症。故选D。
【11题详解】
目的意图题。根据第一段第一句“A new research added brain degradation such as Alzheimer(阿尔兹海默症）to the growing list of effects of fine particles(微粒）．”（一项新的研究将阿尔茨海默氏症等大脑退化列入了不断增加的细颗粒影响名单。）和第二句“A study of 63 million adults older than 65 in the United States showed that from 2000 to 2016, first-time hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, and related diseases rose by 13 percent with every 5-microgram (per cubic meter of air) increase in annual concentrations of PM 2. 5.”（一项针对美国6300万65岁以上成年人的研究显示，从2000年到2016年，pm2.5的年浓度每增加5微克(每立方米空气)，首次因阿尔茨海默氏症和相关疾病住院的人数就增加了13%。），第三段第一句“Antonella Zanobetti, a co-author of the study, said the new research results show that current U. S. regulations are inadequate to protect the aging American population”（这项研究的合著者Antonella Zanobetti说，新的研究结果表明，目前的美国法规不足以保护老龄化的美国人口）和第四段第一句“Women, white people, and urban populations, particularly in the Northeast, were particularly at risk, the research showed.”（研究显示，女性、白人和城市人口，尤其是东北部地区的人口，面临的风险尤其大。）可知，文章主要是为了展示新的研究的发现。故选A。
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，在过去的几十年里，空间探索领域取得了巨大的进展，空间技术也会在各个领域起到很大的作用。
【12题详解】
指代猜测题。根据第一段第四句“Let's focus right now on protecting the Earth environment, and then we'll go from there.”（让我们现在关注保护地球环境，然后我们会从那里开始。）可知，此处是指地球是目前为止最好的一个，所以我们要保护地球环境。所以this是指我们现在所居住的星球。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric, and focus on improving human life.”（空间科学技术要坚持以人为本、以应用为中心，以改善人类生活为中心。）可知，在克莱顿看来，空间技术应该首先关注改善人类生活。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。）可知，Victoria认为空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。根据第二段第二句“Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture.”（卫星监测真的可以帮助农业。）和最后一句“As a result, it enables consumers to know that the beef they are eating does not come from protected areas or the cattle don't contribute to deforestation.”（因此，它使消费者知道他们吃的牛肉不是来自保护区，或者牛没有促进森林砍伐。）可知，Victoria通过说明卫星监测帮助农业和环保方面来佐证自己的观点。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。），第三段第一句As early as 2007, Michael Griffin, former Administrator of NASA, put forward the concept of the “space economy” in a speech.（早在2007年，美国国家航空航天局前局长Michael Griffin就在一次演讲中提出了“空间经济”的概念。）；第四段第一句“As an entrepreneur(创业者）herself, Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs.”（作为一名企业家，维多利亚认为蓬勃发展的太空市场将为企业家带来无数的机会。）可知，文章主要是讲太空技术可能的应用。故选C。
四川省成都市2020届高三三诊英语试卷
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章向读者介绍了几种志愿活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“Greater Whitsunday Alliance （GW3） is looking for a willing and experienced industry or community leader from the Whitsunday region who is passionate about the economic development of the greater Whitsunday region to join the GW3 board as volunteer, non-executive director.”（GW3正在寻找一位愿意和有经验的并来自Whitsunday地区的行业或社区领袖，她/他要对大Whitsunday地区的经济发展充满热情，以志愿者、非执行董事的身份加入GW3董事会。）可知来自Whitsunday的退休经济学家最有可能得到非执行董事的职位。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Monday to Sunday （minimum of two four-hour shifts per week） from the start of December to February 29th.”（12月初至2月29日，周一至周日（每周至少两次4小时轮班）。）可知从12月初至2月29日，一共13周，一周至少8小时，一共104小时。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Your commitment to volunteering at the Museum is highly valued by Army Museum North Queensland, the Australian Army History Unit and the Australian Defence Force.”（北昆士兰陆军博物馆、澳大利亚陆军历史组和澳大利亚国防军高度重视你在博物馆志愿服务的承诺。）可推断出军事迷最感兴趣的是Gallery Attendant。故选A项。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。海啸频发的国家从灾难中吸取教训，防止未来再次发生海啸。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped," 和"What we can do is build… of the tsunami wave," he said.可知Georgi Velikov Panayotov说“我能告诉你们的是，海啸的浪潮是无法阻止的。2004年，他在泰国度假，并在海啸中幸存下来。他说:“我们能做的是建立早期预警系统，当然，教育人们海啸的破坏力。”也就是说他主要在谈论人类面对海啸的方法，故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中的“When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011, people thought that we were prepared for it,…However, we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years, he said.”可知Koro Bessho说他们已经为地震做好了准备，但是他们一直以为这次的地震是100年一次的地震，结果这次地震的规模可能是500年或1000年一次。也就说他认为地震的规模超过了他们的预期，导致他们准备不足从而遭受了严重的损失。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段中的“These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness. …It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and improve preparedness for an effective response.”可知这两起事件促使该地区各国加紧审查和改进防灾准备工作。2015年，仙台减少灾害风险框架诞生。它的目的是帮助人们更好地了解灾害风险，并改进对有效应对的准备工作。根据第八段“said his government now has plans for every disaster-prone city.”可知印度政府现在已经为每个灾害易发城市制定了计划。印度和日本都吸取教训加强了防灾准备工作来应对海啸，由此判断这些国家都认为改进准备工作可以减少损失。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章首先用印度的一场海啸以及引用保加利亚以及日本国家大使在联合国会议的发言来表明海啸的危害以及人们从中吸取的教训。接着作者以日本仙台和印度为例说明海啸频发地区各国从灾难中学习，加紧审查和改进防灾准备工作，并提到面临海啸风险的国家也在扩大其教育项目。D项（人们从灾难中学习来预防未来的灾难）最能概括本文，是最适合的标题。故选D项。
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文。通过记叙萨拉创立现代考古平台Global Xplorer的一些经历，来发表一些观点。比如，考古不再是几十年前灰头土脸的科学，而是可以利用高科技来定位和发掘这些埋在城市废墟底下的古迹了。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。这是推理判断题类型里的目的意图题。问帕卡克项目的目的是什么。首先定位在帕卡克项目第一次出现的地方：第一段末尾和第二段开头两句话：Now they're about to take on a new challenge as they focus Global Xplorer citizen-science project on India.现在他们即将接受一个新的挑战，他们将把全球公民科学项目的重点放在印度。In 2017, Parcak launched an online platform, called Global Xplorer, to crowd source （群众外包）the initial assessment of satellite images for signs of cultures from long ago.2017年，Parcak推出了一个名为Global Xplorer的在线平台，用于对卫星图像进行初步评估，寻找远古文明的迹象。从这些信息可以看出来帕卡克是想发动群众的力量来寻找古迹，而网络是最方便的路径。这句意图对很久以前的文化古迹卫星图像进行初始评估也就是说通过群众即大家的力量来辨别卫星图像。此意与D选项切合：To identify unknown ancient sites through joint efforts.通过联合的力量来辨识不知名的古迹。故选D。
9题详解】
推理判断题。通过题干中的participants in Peru project定位文章中的相应位置。Anyone in the world with a computer and Internet access could help discover and protect remains of Peru's rich cultural heritage.文章中说全世界任何拥有电脑和能上网的人都帮助找出,并发现、保护秘鲁丰富的文化遗产。这句话足以说明此题的答案全世界任何拥有电脑和能够上网的人即是参与者participants，他们不需要培训，所以B选项排除；他们也不一定对在秘鲁的考古感兴趣，所以排除C；他们是来自于全世界各地的考古学家，更是无中生有,可以排除。因此A选项：“They are Internet-equipped volunteers.他们都是网络装备好了的志愿者们”最切合题意。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。审题得知帕卡克的项目对于印度很重要的原因是什么。可以浏览信息得知定位于第四段：If all goes well, the work in India could last for years. 如果一切进展顺利，印度的考古工作得延续十年以上。"India has had relatively little archaeological work done," Parcak says.帕卡克说，“印度的考古工作做得相对来说比较少” Also, the full extent of India's archaeological work has never been mapped completely.此外，印度考古工作的全部范围从未被完全绘制出来。因此可以推出印度的考古还是很欠缺的。而A选项：“India lacks thorough archaeological work.印度缺乏彻底的考古工作”切合题意。这里完全thorough和completely同义转换得来的。所以推出此题答案为A选项。故选A。
【11题详解】
词义猜测题。此题实际为猜测句意题。此类题目一定要回扣文章，看句子的出处。句子的前一句是：In the future, she hopes other countries will contact her to launch their own satellite surveys. 将来，她希望其他国家会联系她发起他们自己的卫星调查。句子的后一句是： Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 million potential archaeological sites yet to be discovered.帕卡克估计至少有1200万潜在的古迹遗址还没有被发现。这么多的古迹遗址没有被发现，其被发现的可能性是很高的。据此可推出D选项：More archaeological sites will be identified.更多的考古遗址会被确认。这和文章意思切合。故选D。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。数据安全越来越受到人们的关注，由此刺激了隐私法的修订，多个地区开始修订或更新现存的隐私法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use.(公众日益增长的对数据积累和使用的担忧刺激了隐私法的修订。)”可知，公众对数据安全的担忧是隐私法修订的原因。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。第四段第一句“Privacy laws are changing to deal with the real and noticed risks of harm which result from the under-regulated or unregulated data economy.(隐私法正在修订来解决现实的和已经被注意到的由于处于管制或无管制的数据经济造成的危害风险，)”是本段的主题句，接下来提到“欧盟引进旨在保护隐私的法律改革”、“欧盟的通用数据保护条例介绍了对控制和加工个人数据的严格要求”、“美国一些州也进入了控制个人数据的拳击场”、“加州消费隐私法案对个人信息提供更严格的控制”等内容是通过举例对主题句进行说明，所以本段是通过举例展开的。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices.(一个重要的考虑因素是为最佳法律实践统一全球标准。)”可知，对全球法律制定者来说，不同地区法律的一致性是考虑的一个重要因素。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。第三段Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use. （公众对不受限制地积累和使用数据的想法日益感到担忧，这推动了隐私法的变化。）是全文的主题句，结合文章内容可知，文章主要讲述数据安全越来越受到人们的关注，由此刺激了隐私法的修订，多个地区开始修订或更新现存的隐私法，所以C项“隐私法正在修订来保护个人信息”能概括文章大意。故选C项。