2023届高考英语名校模拟题汇编之阅读理解（浙江专用）（含答案）

2023年高考英语名校模拟题汇编之阅读理解（浙江专用）
（2023·浙江·舟山中学模拟预测）Snowboarding genius Su Yiming made a name for himself by winning China’s first Olympic gold in the sport on Tuesday. By cleanly stomping back-to-back 1800 tricks, the teenager landed the biggest prize so far in his young career—gold in the men’s Big Air at the Beijing Winter Olympics. The notable achievement realized a childhood dream to reach the peak of the sport, which he began to learn at the age of 4.
Now with two shinning medals hung around his neck, the 17-year-old described his superb Olympic debut (首秀) as an unbelievable experience that has made all his sacrifices worthwhile. “This feels so surreal that I’ve finally accomplished what I’ve dreamed of since I was little,” said an emotional Su.
Over the past four years, Su has combined his talent with hard work to produce one of the swiftest rises to prominence the sport has ever seen. When the Shougang Big Air venue hosted its first international event, Su was an unknown qualifier, who didn’t even make the final runs. Just over two years later, Su is the name on everyone’s lips at the venue s Olympic debut—drawing the whole nation’s attention to the sport he loves.
“The biggest motivation (动力) for me is my love for snowboarding,” Su said, when asked about the secret to his success. “In snowboarding, I feel like I can show my own style and creativity. Every time I ride my board, it’s always a joyful moment. I hope through my experience, I can inspire more young people to get interested in the sport.”
Su, a former child actor who featured in action movies, said the Olympic gold will encourage him to seek for more breakthroughs—even beyond his athletic career. “I enjoy snowboarding just as much as I enjoy acting,” said Su, who turns 18 on Friday. “I think I still have a lot of possibilities to explore in my future career either in snowboarding or in acting. But now I just want to enjoy the moment and celebrate it as the best possible birthday gift.”
1．What does the underlined word “landed” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Arrived. B．Gained. C．Created. D．Dreamed.
2．According to Su himself, what is his secret to his success
A．His acting experience. B．His talent and hard working.
C．His passion for snowboarding. D．His life dream of achieving success.
3．Which of the following words can best describe Su
A．Talented and thoughtful. B．Generous and productive.
C．Creative and kind-hearted. D．Hard-working and devoted.
4．What’s Su’s attitude toward his future
A．Upset. B．Hopeful. C．Anxious. D．Careful.
（2022·浙江金华·一模）While those in education understand the current state of the nation’s literacy (读写能力) crisis, most everyday Americans are dangerously unaware.
According to the U. S. Department of Education, nearly 130 million American adults read below a sixth-grade level. Now, consider how that number represents more than half the adult U. S. population.
That’s not surprising, according to the most recent “Nation’s Report Card” by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The NAEP reports that roughly just one-third of students in fourth, eighth and 12th grades are proficient (精通) in reading and have “solid academic performance and demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter.”
In fact, this U. S. reading crisis has been 20 years in the making. While one-third of students are considered proficient, the statistics are even more alarming for low-income students, students of color and students with disabilities.
Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) has exposed a growing “digital divide” in which those without access to supportive learning programs and teachers will continue to slide through the cracks.
This is troubling for many reasons. Literacy can be a great equalizer, leveling the playing field across systemic social issues, like race and gender inequality. It plays an enormous role in increasing access to economic opportunity.
It is estimated that increasing literacy proficiency has the potential to generate a lot more in annual income for the United States. And on the individual level, illiteracy can impact a person’s lifetime earning potential by 30-42%.
Still, the benefits of literacy go far beyond someone’s earning ability. Literacy supports social, physical and emotional well-being, and it affects everything from crime rates to hospital admissions to self-confidence.
But challenging as the literacy landscape may seem right now, there is cause for optimism. And the strategy for literacy is simple.
5．What do we know about America’s literacy crisis
A．It dates back about two decades.
B．It is well understood by most Americans.
C．It involves half of the American population.
D．It is mainly caused by the growing digital divide.
6．Why does the author mention three specific groups of students in paragraph 4
A．To attract public attention to these students.
B．To show the seriousness of literacy crisis in America.
C．To stress the inequality in the American education system.
D．To praise the high reading proficiency level of American students.
7．What is a possible result of improved literacy on the individual level
A．Higher crime rates. B．Increased self-confidence.
C．Stronger desire for wealth. D．Equal learning opportunities.
8．What is the author’s attitude to literacy in America
A．Tolerant. B．Ambiguous. C．Doubtful. D．Hopeful.
（2022·浙江温州·一模）Why do some men settle down to form families with the mothers of their children, and others don’t Biology plays a role. Work published by Lee Gettler of the University of Notre Dame, in Indiana, clarifies how testosterone, the principal male hormone (荷尔蒙), operates.
Previous studies suggest that high levels of testosterone are bad for family life. Fathers with lower testosterone levels provide more child care while high-testosterone males are less likely to stick around. Dr. Gettler has shown something further. This is that a man’s adult testosterone level seems correlated with whether his father was present during his teenage years.
His data come from a survey begun in the Philippines in 1983. This monitored the health and nutrition of 966 men enrolled as babies. It also collected extensive information on whether the fathers of these men were around and providing parental care in the households. It further documented whether participants got married, had children and whether they participated in child care. Crucially, it also measured their testosterone levels at the ages of 21, 26 and 30.
Overall, Dr. Gettler and his colleagues found that on becoming fathers, men had lower testosterone levels if their own fathers had been involved in their care during their teenage years. It has two possible explanations. One is that it is directly genetic (基因的). The other is that teenage experience actually modulates (调节) testosterone levels. This explanation, which Dr. Gettler favors, could lead to high-testosterone men abandoning their sons, who thus become high-testosterone in their turn.
He also found some of those in the survey whose fathers were absent during their adolescence, and who ended up with high levels of the hormone, did become caring fathers. Why this pattern should exist is an unanswered question. But a zoologist looking at these data might take it as an example of developmental plasticity (可塑性), in which the same genes produce different, but appropriate, outcomes in different circumstances.
Dr. Gettler’s discovery throws a useful light on the problem of fatherless families,and how to try to end it.
9．What is Gettler’s study mainly about
A．Family life. B．Fathers’ roles.
C．Adult testosterone. D．Child care.
10．What can be learnt about Dr. Gettler’s study
A．It was conducted among babies.
B．The finding is far from satisfactory.
C．The data used were relatively reliable.
D．It monitored the nutrition of participants.
11．Why is the zoologist mentioned in the passage
A．To suggest a follow-up study.
B．To contradict Gettler’s ideas.
C．To point out the study limitations.
D．To give a possible explanation.
12．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Like Father, Like Son
B．Caring Father, Happy Son
C．Good Father, Good Son
D．Love Me, Love My Son
（2023·浙江·舟山中学模拟预测）Two women in their 50s stand beholding in front of Guanyin of the South China Sea, an ancient Chinese sculpture in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. Over the past 20 years, they have been visiting the museum, describing the “mother Buddha” as “beautiful and tranquil, a symbol of religious traditions in China”. Measuring 2.4 meters high, 1.68 meters wide and 1.1 meters thick, the larger-than-life sculpture was carved from the trunk of a single poplar tree, which has created a sense of calm and warmth in the hall.
Since its launch in 1933, the museum has been actively collecting, preserving, studying and exhibiting works of Chinese art, ranging from ceramics to furniture, and from paintings to sculptures. And its Chinese art collection contains masterpieces in various historical stages.
An exhibition on the theme of Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art was held at the museum, displaying tens of Chinese ancient paintings with images of animals in many art forms. The creatures on the paintings represented celebration, personal messages, and even political and religious agendas.
Organizers of the exhibition produced a set of cards, with images of animals on one side and their cultural meanings in Chinese artistic tradition on the other. The cards are provided for visitors for free.
“I find it very interesting, and the way that the things are drawn is very cool,” says 17-year-old high school student Camden Lombard after visiting the exhibition. “I want to go to China someday to find more,” he adds.
“It’s kind of eye-opening and we’re bringing the world together,” says Makar, an educator with the school outreach and education programs of the museum. “There are so many similarities as well as beautiful differences, and we are just trying to understand and appreciate one another.”
“We’re in a moment when it’s sometimes hard to look outside of your own personal viewpoints,” says Howard, manager of volunteer engagement at the museum. “I think having access to seeing what other cultures have created, what they valued and appreciated, and what was important to them, is really important in building that understanding about all the people we share this planet with.”
13．The two women kept visiting the Nelson-Atkins Museum for ________.
A．the grand appearance of the exhibition hall
B．their affection for Chinese religious traditions
C．the great size of the ancient Chinese sculpture
D．their curiosity about the delicate artistic carving
14．What can we learn about the exhibition Lively Creatures
A．The organizers gained a handsome profit.
B．The cards reflected multinational cultures.
C．The visitors had rich travel experiences in China.
D．The paintings displayed the charm of Chinese culture.
15．How does Makar describe the visit to the museum
A．Instructive and romantic. B．Imaginary and fascinating.
C．Informative and multicultural. D．Educational and entertaining.
16．What’s the purpose of setting up the museum according to Howard
A．To bridge different cultures. B．To popularize religious symbols.
C．To exchange personal viewpoints. D．To demonstrate Chinese paintings.
（2022·浙江台州·一模）When Thomas Edison hit a wall with his inventions, he would nap in an armchair while holding a steel ball. As he started to fall asleep and his muscles relaxed, the ball would strike the floor, waking him with insights into his problems. Or so the story goes.
Thomas Edison was somewhat right. Now, more than 100 years later, scientists have repeated the trick in a lab, revealing that the famous inventor was on to something. People following his recipe tripled their chances of solving a math problem. The trick was to wake up in the transition between sleep and wakefulness, just before deep sleep. In this transitional period, we are not quite awake, but also not deeply asleep. It can be as short as a minute and occurs right when we start to doze off.
Researchers recruited more than 100 easy sleepers, each of whom was given a math test with a hidden rule for the answer. By recording brain activity, they found that those who napped and were interrupted during the first phase of sleep were three times better at finding the hidden key to the problem than those who remained awake.
The creative effect happened even for people who spent just 15 seconds in the first sleep stage. But the trick didn’t work for those who reached later stages of sleep. “Our findings suggest there is a creative sweet spot during sleep onset,” says author Delphine Oudiette, a sleep researcher at the Paris Brain Institute. “It is a small window which can disappear if you wake up too early or sleep too deep.”
The study team also identified a brain activity pattern linked to the creativity-boosting phase: moderate levels of brain waves at a slow frequency known as alpha, associated with relaxation, and low levels of delta waves, a hallmark of deep sleep. Oudiette says researchers can now focus on this brain signature when investigating the neural mechanisms (神经机制) of creative problem-solving. The team has already planned an experiment to help people reach a creative zone by monitoring their brain waves in real time.“ Edison was great”, Oudiette says, “and now we have a lot more to explore.”
17．What does the underlined phrase “was on to something” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Discovered the truth. B．Was absorbed in math puzzles.
C．Started the experiment. D．Was engaged in laboratory work.
18．According to the research, the trick of promoting creativity lies in ________.
A．gaining adequate deep sleep B．discovering the hidden rules of problems
C．following Edison’s life style D．waking up right after nodding off to sleep
19．Why did the researchers record brain activity of the sleepers
A．To evaluate their sleep efficiency. B．To measure their amount of sleep.
C．To assess their levels of intelligence. D．To compare their creative thinking abilities.
20．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
（2022·浙江台州·一模）Sometimes the simple act of being outside every day can be good to you. We often forget about what nature has to offer by staying inside too much. Going outside, you’ll probably be exposed to numerous sensations. You might hear the crinkle of leaves under your feet, concentrate on how the breeze cools your skin, and feel the sun offering its natural warmth.
Time outside also reminds you how you share your time on Earth with countless creatures and that you must live in harmony with them. The more often you encounter animals in their natural habitats, the easier it will be to recall why it’s so important to treat the outdoors with respect. After coming in contact with a squirrel, for example, you may be especially careful to throw your trash away in the nearest garbage can in case of some harmful leftover food. That’s because you’ve just been reminded that you’re not the only living thing to come in contact with what’s now rubbish.
Spending too much time indoors may cause us to become too isolated from others, especially if we use up much time in front of computer screens. It seems that a computer connected to the Internet allows you to share parts of your world with other people, but actually it can also make us feel more disconnected from others for lack of face-to-face communication. The time outside with a loved one allows you to take part in a shared experience. For instance, you can call attention to a type of flower that’s just started blooming and allow your companions to marvel at its beauty. That’s a similar shared experience.
Anyhow, it is not as hard as you might imagine. You may just decide to start an outdoor practice that takes you outside for a certain amount of time, preferably every day. The last 15 minutes of your lunch break strolling outside with a friend and some after-dinner family time discussing your days can be good options. Get off the computer and head outside! You’ll feel how your choice pays off.
21．According to paragraph 1, going outside offers an opportunity for people to ________.
A．enjoy sensory experience B．bring back distant memories
C．achieve better concentration D．participate in simple activities
22．Why does the author mention a squirrel in paragraph 2
A．To present the means of feeding animals.
B．To show the consequence of littering trash.
C．To stress the significance of experiencing nature.
D．To discuss the possibility of encountering wildlife.
23．According to the passage, those spending most time indoors may suffer from ________.
A．attention disorder B．loneliness attack
C．Internet addiction D．communication barrier
24．Which of the following is the best title
A．Time Outside Involves A Shared Experience
B．Too Much Time Indoors Does Great Harm
C．Going Outdoors Gives A Different Perspective
D．A Daily Exposure to Nature Makes a Difference
（2022·浙江宁波·一模）Aeronautics (航空学) specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonfly’s flight, creating 3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone (无人机). Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones based on the dragonfly’s shape and movement will simply be more flexible and energy efficient.
Chahl’s team used a special photography technique to classify the wing shapes of 75 different dragonfly species from museum collections. Their wings are long, light and hard. Plus, their long bodies give them excellent stability and balance, making it possible for winged drones to deliver awkward loads and undertake long observation missions.
Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually reveals the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations. Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight, when they find themselves upside down mid-air. This special skill can even be performed while dragonflies are unconscious, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept to planes that are designed to glide to safety with their engines turned off. Engineers are looking to copy dragonfly wings to create safer drones that can right themselves.
Of course, not all attempts to build dragonfly-like drones are successful. TechJet’s air vehicle was supposed to operate as an aerial camera, observation and security drone, but it failed before production got underway. Similarly, Insectothopter, an American dragonfly spy drone built in the 1970 s was deserted.
Yet the principles behind winged drones are solid. In fact, NASA has settled on a nuclear-powered autonomous craft called Dragonfly to explore the surface of Saturn’s moon Titan in 2034. NASA’s project is actually an air vehicle, rather than a winged drone, but engineers are still convinced they can crack the code of nature’s most gifted flying insect and revolutionize unmanned flight along the way.
25．Why did aeronautics specialists spend months studying the dragonfly’s flight
A．To build 3D models from digital images.
B．To make winged drones modelled after it.
C．To clarify the flexibility and efficiency of drones.
D．To display the shape and movement of the dragonfly.
26．The special skill of dragonflies is their ability to_________.
A．glide to safety B．avoid tricky situations
C．perform observation tasks D．adjust themselves to stay stable
27．What is the author’s attitude towards winged drones
A．Skeptical. B．Uncertain. C．Supportive. D．Conservative.
28．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Winged Drones: Still a Long Way to Go
B．Javaan Chahl: An Innovative Leader of Aeronautics
C．A Dragonfly’s Flying Technique: Perfect for Drones
D．The Code of Nature: A Solution to NASA’s Space Exploration
（2022·浙江金华·一模）You may have noticed sudden ,brief twitching (抽动) at some point while your dog was sleeping and wondered if they were dreaming or even expressing some type of discomfort.
These involuntary movements only occur during dream states and usually don’t last long. So is twitching just a normal part of dreaming, or are there times when you should worry
Dogs sleep an average of 12-14 hours each day. While they sleep, a dog’s brain processes information and experiences from the day through dreams. Twitching is often related to active dream cycles in the brain.
According to research by psychologist Stanley Coren, an average-size dog will dream about every 20 minutes, and these dreams will last about a minute. Larger breeds have fewer dreams that last longer-about every 45 minutes for 4 minutes. The opposite is true for smaller breed dogs; they will dream about every 10 minutes for up to 30 seconds.
Dogs experience the same dream stages as humans, including non-rapid eye movement (NREM), short-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM). During the REM state, a dog’s eyes move around behind their closed eyelids, and the large body muscles are turned off so the dream is not physically acted out. The amount of twitching depends on how much these off switches cramp muscle movement.
If your dog sleeps next to you, they may unintentionally disturb your sleep with their sudden body movements. However, it is often advised not to awaken a dog that is twitching in their sleep unless they are clearly in distress.
A bad dream or night terror could be the cause of these involuntary movements, and they may wake up frightened. Try to avoid touching them so they don’t bite you as a result of being shocked and panicked. Instead, gently call your dog’s name until they respond. Speak calmly and tell them that they are safe and secure after they wake up. While they appear to be pretty active in their sleep, dreaming dogs may be slow to awaken.
29．Which of the following influences how often dogs dream
A．Their sleeping time. B．Their body size.
C．Their daily experiences. D．Their health conditions
30．What does the underlined word “cramp” mean in paragraph 4
A．Stimulate. B．Analyze. C．Restrict. D．Monitor.
31．Why is it advised not to wake up a dog twitching in sleep
A．To avoid being bitten by the dog. B．To ensure the dog adequate sleep.
C．To prevent the dog getting shocked. D．To escape disturbance from the dog.
32．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．How does Dogs’ Brain Work B．Why do Dogs Dream at Night
C．Why do Dogs Twitch in Their Sleep D．How does Dogs’ Twitch Affect Their Sleep
（2022·浙江绍兴·一模）Living in a city is a well-known risk factor for developing a mental disorder, while living close to nature is largely beneficial for mental health and the brain. A central brain region, the amygdala (大脑杏仁核) involved in stress processing, has been shown to be less activated during stress in people living in rural areas, compared to those who live in cities, hinting at the potential benefits of nature. “But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions,” says Sonja Sudimac.
To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin. The results revealed that activity in the amygdala decreased after the walk in nature, suggesting that nature elicits beneficial effects on brain regions related to stress.
“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link. Interestingly, the brain activity after the urban walk in these regions remained stable and showed no increases, which argues against a commonly held view that urban exposure causes additional stress,” explains Simone Kühn, head of the group.
The authors show that nature has a positive impact on brain regions involved in stress processing and that it can already be observed after a one-hour walk. This contributes to the understanding of how our physical living environment affects brain and mental health. Even a short exposure to nature decreases amygdala activity, suggesting that a walk in nature could serve as a preventive measure against developing mental health problems and reducing the potentially disadvantageous impact of the city on the brain.
In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.
33．What does the hen-and-egg problem mean by Sonja Sudimac
A．Living in rural areas actually affects brain activity.
B．People in cities tend to have a higher risk of mental problems.
C．It’s unnecessary to work out the complex issue of stress and health.
D．It’s hard to clarify the impact of living environment on mental health.
34．How did researchers collect evidence for the study
A．By quoting authoritative experts.
B．By interviewing healthy volunteers.
C．By researching on a previous theory.
D．By comparing volunteers’ amygdala activities.
35．What contribution did Simone Kühn and his team mainly make
A．Confirming the assumption of nature’s benefits to brain health.
B．Supporting a commonly held view of urban exposure.
C．Revealing the link between age and mental health.
D．Identifying the causes of mental health problems.
36．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Benefits of a regular walk in nature.
B．The focus of the follow-up research.
C．An appeal for living in urban regions.
D．Nature’s positive effects on women and children.
（2022·浙江金华·一模）When I was in nursing school, I had to focus more on my studies than other aspects of life, and learn so much in a short amount of time. However, the clinical experience of nursing school allowed me to have the opportunity to put what I learned in my classes and readings into action.
One of my favorite experiences during my clinical training was when I had a patient who was first starting chemotherapy (化疗). My nursing instructor Marie told me that patients often experience an anaphylactic (过敏性的) reaction to the medicine when they first start chemotherapy, so it is important to give the medicine at a slower rate. Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient’s blood pressure, and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit.
When I checked my patient a couple of minutes after starting his chemotherapy, I asked him questions related to an anaphylactic reaction. I also noticed his face was getting a little red and he looked short of breath. He mentioned having lower back pain, so I immediately stopped the chemotherapy, started taking his blood pressure, and reported it to Marie. His blood pressure was within his normal limits, so we gave him Benadryl via his IV. The Benadryl helped the patient, and we had the Benadryl running when we started his chemotherapy again, but at a slower rate. This time the patient did not have an anaphylactic reaction, and tolerated his chemotherapy well.
This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine. Marie and I taught our patient about the reactions he could have due to the chemotherapy; due to our teaching, our patient recognized his symptoms and was able to know that what he was experiencing was an expected reaction. During the clinical training, I had many experiences where I had to think on my feet and conduct nursing care quickly. These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.
37．Why did the author stop giving the patient chemotherapy
A．He had high blood pressure.
B．He had a reaction to the medicine.
C．He failed to tolerate the back pain.
D．He refused to answer her questions.
38．According to the author, what played a key role in saving the patient
A．Giving the patient immediate first aid.
B．Making adequate preparations in advance.
C．Assessing the effectiveness of the medicine.
D．Telling the patient the possible reactions of the medicine.
39．Which of the following words best describes the author’s clinical experience
A．Rewarding. B．Dangerous.
C．Interesting. D．Painful.
40．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To express gratitude to her instructor.
B．To encourage others to take up nursing.
C．To share her clinical training experience.
D．To stress the importance of medical treatment.
（2022·浙江宁波·一模）If, like me, you’re the kind of person who finds it hard to make decisions, then Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink might just be the book you have been waiting for. Because Blink is all about rapid cognition — that is, those moments when we make snap judgements, for example, when meeting someone for the first time or looking at something we’re thinking of buying.
He analyses exactly what goes on in our heads when we make split-second decisions and compares this to the thought processes involved when we take longer to come to a decision. Interestingly he claims that, “There are lots of situations — particularly at times of high pressure and stress — when fortunately haste does not make waste.”
What makes Blink a really interesting read is the number of stories that Gladwell includes to support his theories. One such story involves doctors in the Emergency Room at Cook County Hospital in Chicago. After told to change the way of diagnoses, instead of asking for information such as the patient’s age and weight and medical history, they were going to focus only on the patient’s blood pressure. And now Cook County is one of the best places in the US at diagnosing chest pain.
Of course, there are occasions when we leap to the wrong conclusion. In his research, Gladwell discovered that almost all the CEOs of the top companies in the US are tall. There is no actual relationship between height and intelligence, but for some reason, corporations overwhelmingly choose tall people for leadership roles. There is something going on in the first few seconds of meeting a tall person which makes us think of that person as an effective leader, which unfortunately stops us from making an informed decision.
All in all, Blink is a fascinating study on an activity that we all do several times a day. Read it and make better decisions.
41．What does the underlined word “snap” in the first paragraph mean
A．Instant. B．Decisive. C．Hesitant D．Important.
42．How were doctors at Cook County Hospital able to make better diagnoses
A．By obtaining the patients’ medical history.
B．By basing diagnoses on patients’ blood pressure.
C．By abandoning regular ways of diagnosing patients.
D．By inquiring about current health condition of the patients.
43．What does the author suggest by mentioning leadership roles of tall people
A．Tall people tend to be capable leaders.
B．A person’s height and intelligence are closely related.
C．CEOs of top companies usually draw right conclusions.
D．The first impression of a person can result in bad judgement.
44．What is the purpose of the text
A．To honor a writer. B．To recommend a book.
C．To introduce a research. D．To explain a phenomenon.
（2022·浙江温州·一模）Around the globe far more bird species are losing ground than gaining, according to an expansive review of a half-century of bird population research published in the journal Annual Review of Environment and Resources in May.
The review, entitled The State of the World’s Birds, showed that more than 5,200 different species of birds-just shy of half the world’s total-are known or suspected to be declining. Around 3,800 species are relatively stable, and fewer than 700 species show increases. Among birds on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, almost 400 birds worldwide have had their conservation status changed for the worse in the past three decades (moving from vulnerable to threatened, or threatened to endangered) — five times more than the number of bird species with an IUCN status that has changed for the better.
“After documenting the loss of nearly 3 billion birds in North America alone (according to a 2019 study published in the journal Science), it was disturbing to see the same patterns of population declines and extinction occurring globally,” says review coauthor Ken Rosenberg, a conservation scientist now retired from the Cormell Lab of Omithology.
The review points to disappearing and degraded habitat-resulting from climate change, urbanization, agricultural intensification, and international trade-as the leading driver of bird declines worldwide. In a note of hope, the authors cite a 2020 study indicating that restoring just 5% of habitat in priority areas around the world could avert 60% of likely extinctions.
Lead author Alexander Lees, a research associate at the Cormell Lab, also points to the need for substantial changes in human behavior to prevent further losses. “Loss and degradation of habitat is often driven by demand for resources,” says Lees. “We need to better consider how commodity flows such as beef, oil, and seed crops can contribute to biodiversity loss and try to reduce the human footprint on the natural world.”
45．In what order are threatened species arranged on the IUCN’s Red List
A．Species quantity. B．Living habitat. C．Declining rate. D．Conservation status.
46．How does Ken Rosenberg feel when saying the words
A．Hopeful. B．Relieved. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned.
47．What does the underlined “avert” mean in paragraph 4
A．Prevent. B．Increase. C．Cause. D．Face.
48．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Extra reasons for bird extinction. B．Possible solutions to habitat loss.
C．Substantial changes in human behavior. D．The prospect of biodiversity loss.
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻。文章主要讲述周二，滑雪天才苏一鸣赢得了中国第一枚奥运会金牌，从而名声大噪。
1．词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Snowboarding genius Su Yiming made a name for himself by winning China’s first Olympic gold in the sport on Tuesday. (周二，滑雪天才苏一鸣赢得了中国第一枚奥运会金牌，从而名声大噪。)”可知，后文landed应指“获得，赢取”的意思，即这位少年获得了年轻职业生涯中迄今为止最大的奖项。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“‘The biggest motivation (动力) for me is my love for snowboarding,’ Su said, when asked about the secret to his success.(当被问及成功的秘诀时，苏说：“对我来说，最大的动力是我对单板滑雪的热爱。”)”可知，他对单板滑雪的热爱是他的动力，这也最终导致了他的成功。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Over the past four years, Su has combined his talent with hard work to produce one of the swiftest rises to prominence the sport has ever seen. (在过去的四年里，苏将自己的天赋与努力相结合，创造了这项运动有史以来最迅速的成就)”可知，苏一鸣是一个全心全意努力工作的人。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“I think I still have a lot of possibilities to explore in my future career either in snowboarding or in acting. But now I just want to enjoy the moment and celebrate it as the best possible birthday gift.(我认为在我未来的职业生涯中，无论是在滑雪板还是在表演方面，我仍有很多可能性可以探索。但现在我只想享受这一刻，并把它作为最好的生日礼物来庆祝。)”可知，苏一鸣对他的将来充满希望。故选B项。
5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了近1.3亿美国成年人的阅读水平低于六年级，文盲危机涉及一半的美国人口，美国的扫盲状况目前看起来很有挑战性，我们还是有理由感到乐观的，因为提高读写能力的方法很简单。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While those in education understand the current state of the nation’s literacy (读写能力) crisis, most everyday Americans are dangerously unaware. (虽然从事教育的人了解美国识字率危机的现状，但大多数普通美国人却危险地不知道)”以及文章第四段“In fact, this U. S. reading crisis has been 20 years in the making.(事实上，这场美国阅读危机已经酝酿了20年)”可知，美国人的阅读危机可以追溯到大约20年前。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In fact, this U. S. reading crisis has been 20 years in the making. While one-third of students are considered proficient, the statistics are even more alarming for low-income students, students of color and students with disabilities.(事实上，这场美国阅读危机已经酝酿了20年。虽然三分之一的学生被认为是优秀的，但对于低收入家庭的学生、有色人种的学生和残疾学生来说，统计数据更令人担忧)”可知，对于低收入家庭的学生、有色人种的学生和残疾学生来说，阅读这方面的问题是更加的严重的。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第七段“It is estimated that increasing literacy proficiency has the potential to generate a lot more in annual income for the United States. And on the individual level, illiteracy can impact a person’s lifetime earning potential by 30-42% (据估计，提高读写能力有可能为美国带来更多的年收入。在个人层面上，文盲会对一个人一生的收入潜力造成30-42%的影响)”可知，提高读写能力有助于人们追求更多的财富。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But challenging as the literacy landscape may seem right now, there is cause for optimism. And the strategy for literacy is simple.(不过，尽管扫盲状况目前看起来很有挑战性，我们还是有理由感到乐观的。提高读写能力的方法很简单)”可知，作者认为扫盲状况看起来有挑战性，但是由于提高读写能力的方法很简单，作者是很乐观的。故选D。
9．C 10．C 11．D 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述印第安纳州圣母大学的李·盖特勒（Lee Gettler）发表的研究阐明了一个男人的成年睾酮水平似乎与他父亲在青少年时期是否在场有关。
9．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Why do some men settle down to form families with the mothers of their children, and others don’t Biology plays a role. Work published by Lee Gettler of the University of Notre Dame, in Indiana, clarifies how testosterone, the principal male hormone (荷尔蒙), operates.(为什么有些男人会安顿下来与孩子的母亲组建家庭，而其他人却没有？生物学起了作用。印第安纳州圣母大学的李·盖特勒发表的研究阐明了男性主要荷尔蒙睾酮是如何运作的)”以及第二段“Dr. Gettler has shown something further. This is that a man’s adult testosterone level seems correlated with whether his father was present during his teenage years.(Gettler博士展示了更进一步的东西。这意味着，一个男人的成年睾酮水平似乎与他父亲在青少年时期是否在场有关)”可知， Gettler主要研究的是成年睾酮水平。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。由文章第三段“His data come from a survey begun in the Philippines in 1983. This monitored the health and nutrition of 966 men enrolled as babies. It also collected extensive information on whether the fathers of these men were around and providing parental care in the households. It further documented whether participants got married, had children and whether they participated in child care. Crucially, it also measured their testosterone levels at the ages of 21, 26 and 30.(他的数据来自于1983年在菲律宾开始的一项调查。这项调查监测了966名婴儿期男性的健康和营养状况。它还收集了关于这些男子的父亲是否在身边以及在家庭中提供父母照顾的广泛信息。它进一步记录了参与者是否结婚、生子以及是否参与儿童保育。至关重要的是，它还测量了他们在21岁、26岁和30岁时的睾酮水平)”可知， Gettler研究所用的数据是相对可靠的。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Why this pattern should exist is an unanswered question. But a zoologist looking at these data might take it as an example of developmental plasticity (可塑性), in which the same genes produce different, but appropriate, outcomes in different circumstances.(为什么这种模式应该存在是一个尚未回答的问题。但一位研究这些数据的动物学家可能会将其作为发育可塑性的一个例子，其中相同的基因在不同的情况下产生不同但合适的结果)”可知，作者提到动物学家是为了给前面的问题提供一种解释。故选D项。
12．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Dr. Gettler has shown something further. This is that a man’s adult testosterone level seems correlated with whether his father was present during his teenage years.(Gettler博士展示了更进一步的东西。这意味着，一个男人的成年睾酮水平似乎与他父亲在青少年时期是否在场有关)”和第四段“Overall, Dr. Gettler and his colleagues found that on becoming fathers, men had lower testosterone levels if their own fathers had been involved in their care during their teenage years. (总的来说，盖特勒博士和他的同事发现，当父亲时，如果自己的父亲在青少年时期参与了他们的照顾，男性的睾酮水平会更低)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲父亲睾酮水平和儿子的睾酮水平的关系。由此可知，A项Like Father, Like Son (有其父必有其子？)适合作本文标题。故选A项。
13．B 14．D 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过描述博物馆的展览，阐述了博物馆在不同文化之间架起来沟通的桥梁，帮助不同文化增进欣赏和理解。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Two women in their 50s stand beholding in front of Guanyin of the South China Sea, an ancient Chinese sculpture in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. Over the past 20 years, they have been visiting the museum, describing the “mother Buddha” as “beautiful and tranquil, a symbol of religious traditions in China”.(密苏里州堪萨斯城纳尔逊-阿特金斯艺术博物馆里，两名50多岁的妇女站在中国南海观音前凝视。在过去的20年里，她们经常参观这座博物馆，称“妈祖”“美丽宁静，是中国宗教传统的象征”。)”可知，这两位女士不断参观纳尔逊-阿特金斯博物馆，是因为她们热爱中国宗教传统，故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“An exhibition on the theme of Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art was held at the museum, displaying tens of Chinese ancient paintings with images of animals in many art forms. The creatures on the paintings represented celebration, personal messages, and even political and religious agendas.(博物馆以“活泼的生物——中国艺术中的动物”为主题举办了一场展览，展出了数十幅中国古代绘画作品，其中动物形象以多种艺术形式出现。画上的生物代表庆祝、个人信息，甚至政治和宗教议程。)”和第四段“Organizers of the exhibition produced a set of cards, with images of animals on one side and their cultural meanings in Chinese artistic tradition on the other. (展览组织者制作了一套卡片，一边是动物的图像，另一边是它们在中国艺术传统中的文化意义。)”可推断，Lively Creatures—Animals in Chinese Art展览展出的绘画展示了中国文化的魅力。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“‘It’s kind of eye-opening and we’re bringing the world together,’ says Makar, an educator with the school outreach and education programs of the museum. ‘There are so many similarities as well as beautiful differences, and we are just trying to understand and appreciate one another.’(“这有点让人大开眼界，我们把世界连在了一起，”负责博物馆学校外展和教育项目的教育工作者马卡尔说。“我们有很多相似之处，也有很多美丽的不同点，我们只是在努力理解和欣赏彼此。”)”可知，马卡尔认为博物馆的展览让人大开眼界，不同的文化有相似也有不同，增进彼此的理解和欣赏。因此推断他认为参观博物馆是信息丰富并且多元化的。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段Howard说的话“I think having access to seeing what other cultures have created, what they valued and appreciated, and what was important to them, is really important in building that understanding about all the people we share this planet with. (我认为，有机会了解其他文化创造了什么，他们重视和欣赏什么，以及对他们来说重要的是什么，这对于建立与我们共享这个星球的所有人的理解非常重要。)”可知，Howard认为通过参观博物馆可以让人们了解其他文化，因此推断他认为建立博物馆可以在不同文化之间架起桥梁。故选A。
17．A 18．D 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了研究人员通过复现爱迪生的方法发现，在打盹后马上醒来能促进人的创造力。
17．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Thomas Edison was somewhat right. Now, more than 100 years later, scientists have repeated the trick in a lab, revealing that the famous inventor was on to something. People following his recipe tripled their chances of solving a math problem. (托马斯·爱迪生多少是对的。现在，100多年后，科学家们在实验室里重复了这个把戏，揭示出这位著名的发明家was on to something。按照他的方法，人们解决数学问题的几率增加了三倍)”可推知，前面说科学家们重复了这个把戏，后又说按照他的方法，人们解决数学问题的几率增加了三倍，所以此处表示爱迪生确实找到了一种方法。由此推知，划线词组was on to something和Discovered the truth.(发现了真相)意思相近。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The trick was to wake up in the transition between sleep and wakefulness, just before deep sleep. In this transitional period, we are not quite awake, but also not deeply asleep. It can be as short as a minute and occurs right when we start to doze off.(诀窍是在睡眠和清醒之间的过渡阶段醒来，就在深度睡眠之前。在这个过渡时期，我们不是完全清醒，但也不是深睡。它可能只有一分钟，就发生在我们开始打瞌睡的时候)”以及第三段中“By recording brain activity, they found that those who napped and were interrupted during the first phase of sleep were three times better at finding the hidden key to the problem than those who remained awake.(通过记录大脑活动，他们发现那些在睡眠第一阶段被打断的人在找到问题隐藏的关键方面比那些保持清醒的人好三倍)”以及第四段中“The creative effect happened even for people who spent just 15 seconds in the first sleep stage. But the trick didn’t work for those who reached later stages of sleep. (即使在第一阶段只睡了15秒的人也会产生创造性的效果。但这个把戏对进入睡眠后期的人不起作用)”可知，促进创造力的诀窍在于在打盹后马上醒来。故选D项。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段中“By recording brain activity, they found that those who napped and were interrupted during the first phase of sleep were three times better at finding the hidden key to the problem than those who remained awake.(通过记录大脑活动，他们发现那些在睡眠第一阶段被打断的人在找到问题隐藏的关键方面比那些保持清醒的人好三倍)”可知，研究人员记录睡眠者的大脑活动是为了比较他们的创造性思维能力。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。根据第五段中“The study team also identified a brain activity pattern linked to the creativity-boosting phase: moderate levels of brain waves at a slow frequency known as alpha, associated with relaxation, and low levels of delta waves, a hallmark of deep sleep. Oudiette says researchers can now focus on this brain signature when investigating the neural mechanisms of creative problem-solving. The team has already planned an experiment to help people reach a creative zone by monitoring their brain waves in real time.(研究团队还发现了一种与创造力提升阶段相关的大脑活动模式：与放松有关的被称为α的中等水平的慢频率脑电波，以及深度睡眠的标志——低水平的δ波。Oudiette说，当研究创造性解决问题的神经机制时，研究人员现在可以专注于这种大脑信号。该团队已经计划进行一项实验，通过实时监测人们的脑电波，帮助人们进入创造性区域)”可知，第五段主要讲了研究成果的潜在应用，能帮助人们进入创造性区域。故选B项。
21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了经常做户外活动对人的好处。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Going outside, you’ll probably be exposed to numerous sensations. You might hear the crinkle of leaves under your feet, concentrate on how the breeze cools your skin, and feel the sun offering its natural warmth.(走到户外，你可能会接触到许多感觉。你可能会听到脚下树叶的褶皱声，专注于微风如何让你的皮肤凉爽，感受阳光带来的自然温暖)”可知，外出为人们提供了享受感官体验的机会。故选A项。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Time outside also reminds you how you share your time on Earth with countless creatures and that you must live in harmony with them. The more often you encounter animals in their natural habitats, the easier it will be to recall why it’s so important to treat the outdoors with respect. After coming in contact with a squirrel, for example, you may be especially careful to throw your trash away in the nearest garbage can in case of some harmful leftover food.(户外的时间也会提醒你如何与地球上无数的生物分享你的时间，你必须与它们和谐相处。你在动物的自然栖息地遇到的动物越多，就越容易回想起为什么尊重户外是如此重要。例如，在与松鼠接触后，你可能会特别小心地把垃圾扔到最近的垃圾桶里，以防一些有害的剩余食物)”可知，作者在第二段提到一只松鼠是为了举例说明强调体验自然的重要性。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Spending too much time indoors may cause us to become too isolated from others, especially if we use up much time in front of computer screens. It seems that a computer connected to the Internet allows you to share parts of your world with other people, but actually it can also make us feel more disconnected from others for lack of face-to-face communication.(花太多时间在室内可能会导致我们与他人过于孤立，特别是如果我们花太多时间在电脑屏幕前。看起来，连接到互联网的电脑可以让你与他人分享你的世界，但实际上，它也会让我们感到与他人更加脱节，因为缺乏面对面的交流)”可推知，那些花大部分时间在室内的人可能会感到孤独。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometimes the simple act of being outside every day can be good to you. We often forget about what nature has to offer by staying inside too much. Going outside, you’ll probably be exposed to numerous sensations. You might hear the crinkle of leaves under your feet, concentrate on how the breeze cools your skin, and feel the sun offering its natural warmth.(有时候，每天呆在户外这个简单的行为对你是有好处的。我们经常因为呆在室内太久而忘记了大自然的恩赐。走到户外，你可能会接触到许多感觉。你可能会听到脚下树叶的褶皱声，专注于微风如何让你的皮肤变凉，感受阳光带来的自然温暖)”以及最后一段“Anyhow, it is not as hard as you might imagine. You may just decide to start an outdoor practice that takes you outside for a certain amount of time, preferably every day.(不管怎样，这并不像你想象的那么难。你可能只是决定开始一项户外练习，让你在户外呆一定的时间，最好是每天)”可知，本文主要说的是去户外对人的好处，用心感受自然，会发现自然每天的都不同，所以本文最好的标题是D项“每天接触大自然会有所不同”。故选D项。
25．B 26．D 27．C 28．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Aeronautics (航空学) specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonfly’s flight, creating 3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone (无人机).( 南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机)”可知，航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行是为了仿照它制作有翼无人机。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight, when they find themselves upside down mid-air. This special skill can even be performed while dragonflies are unconscious, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept to planes that are designed to glide to safety with their engines turned off.(人们发现，当蜻蜓发现自己在半空中倒立时，它们能够进行倒立后空翻以恢复平衡和正常飞行。这种特殊技能甚至可以在蜻蜓无意识的情况下进行，这意味着它是一种被动稳定机制，在概念上类似于飞机在关闭引擎的情况下滑翔到安全地带)”可知，蜻蜓的特殊技能是它们调整自己以保持稳定的能力。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet the principles behind winged drones are solid.(然而，有翼无人机背后的原理是可靠的)”以及“NASA’s project is actually an air vehicle, rather than a winged drone, but engineers are still convinced they can crack the code of nature’s most gifted flying insect and revolutionize unmanned flight along the way.(美国宇航局的项目实际上是一种飞行器，而不是有翼无人机，但工程师们仍然相信他们可以破解自然界最具天赋的飞行昆虫的密码，并在此过程中彻底改变无人飞行)”可推知，作者对有翼无人机的态度是支持的。故选C。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Aeronautics (航空学) specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonfly’s flight, creating 3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone (无人机). Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones based on the dragonfly’s shape and movement will simply be more flexible and energy efficient. (南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。研究负责人Javaan Chahl认为，基于蜻蜓形状和运动的带翼无人机将更加灵活和节能)”结合文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。可知，C选项“蜻蜓的飞行技术：无人机的完美选择”最符合文章标题。故选C。
29．B 30．C 31．A 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐的现象，以及如何处理这种情况避免被狗咬伤或惊吓到狗。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“According to research by psychologist Stanley Coren, an average-size dog will dream about every 20 minutes, and these dreams will last about a minute. Larger breeds have fewer dreams that last longer-about every 45 minutes for 4 minutes. The opposite is true for smaller breed dogs; they will dream about every 10 minutes for up to 30 seconds.(根据心理学家斯坦利·科伦的研究，一只中等大小的狗每20分钟会做梦一次，这些梦会持续大约一分钟。体型较大的品种的梦更少，持续时间更长——大约每45分钟做一次，持续4分钟。小型犬的情况正好相反;他们每10分钟做梦一次，持续30秒)”可知，狗的体型会影响狗的做梦频率。故选B。
30．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“During the REM state, a dog’s eyes move around behind their closed eyelids, and the large body muscles are turned off so the dream is not physically acted out.(在快速眼动状态下，狗的眼睛在紧闭的眼睑后移动，身体的大块肌肉被关闭，所以梦不会在身体上发生)”以及“The amount of twitching depends on how much these off switches”可知，抽搐的程度取决于这些开关对肌肉运动的限制程度。故画线词意思是“限制”。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Try to avoid touching them so they don’t bite you as a result of being shocked and panicked.(尽量避免碰到它们，这样它们就不会因为受惊而咬你)”可知，建议不要吵醒睡梦中抽搐的狗是为了避免被狗咬伤。故选A。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“You may have noticed sudden ,brief twitching (抽动) at some point while your dog was sleeping and wondered if they were dreaming or even expressing some type of discomfort.(你可能会注意到你的狗狗在睡觉时突然短暂的抽搐，想知道它们是在做梦，还是在表达某种不适)”结合文章主要解释了为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐的现象，以及如何处理这种情况避免被狗咬伤或惊吓到狗。可知，C选项“为什么狗在睡觉时会抽搐？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
33．D 34．D 35．A 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然对人大脑产生的影响。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段的“But so far the hen-and-egg problem could not be resolved, namely whether nature actually caused the effects in the brain or whether the particular individuals chose to live in rural or urban regions(但是到目前为止，母鸡和蛋的问题还没有得到解决，也就是说，到底是大自然对大脑产生了影响，还是特定的个体选择生活在农村还是城市地区)”可知，Sonja Sudimac的“母鸡和鸡蛋的问题”意味着生活环境对精神健康的影响很难说清楚。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段的“To achieve causal evidence, the researchers from the group examined brain activity in regions involved in stress processing in 63 healthy volunteers before and after a one-hour walk in Grunewald forest or a shopping street with traffic in Berlin.(为了获得因果证据，该小组的研究人员对63名健康志愿者在格鲁内瓦尔德森林或柏林交通繁忙的购物街散步一小时前后的大脑活动进行了检查)”可知，研究人员通过比较志愿者的杏仁核活动来为这项研究收集证据。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The results support the previously assumed positive relationship between nature and brain health, but this is the first study to prove the causal link.(研究结果支持了之前假设的自然和大脑健康之间的正相关关系，但这是首次证明因果关系的研究)”可知，Simone Kühn和他的团队的主要贡献是证实了自然对大脑健康有益的假设。故选A。
36．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In order to investigate beneficial effects of nature in different populations and age groups, the researchers are currently working on a study examining how a one-hour walk in natural versus urban environments impacts stress in mothers and their babies.(为了调查自然对不同人群和年龄组的有益影响，研究人员目前正在进行一项研究，研究在自然环境和城市环境中散步一小时对母亲和婴儿的压力有何影响)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是后续研究的重点。故选B。
37．B 38．D 39．A 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要分享了她的临床培训经验以及收获。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient’s blood pressure, and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit.(玛丽说，如果有病人对药物有反应，我们应该停止化疗，检查病人的血压，然后从急救箱里拿出适当的药物)”可知，因为病人有病人对药物有反应，所以作者停止化疗。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine. (这段经历让我明白，评估你的病人，事先告诉你的病人药物可能引起的反应是多么重要)”可知，告诉病人药物可能产生的反应对救病人起了关键作用。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.(这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性)”可知，作者的临床经验是值得的，有意义的。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine. ((这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性)”以及“These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.( 这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性)”可知，作者写本篇文章的目的是分享她的临床培训经验。故选C。
41．A 42．B 43．D 44．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本马尔科姆·格拉德威尔的《眨眼》一书，可以帮助人快速做出决定。
41．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Because Blink is all about rapid cognition”（因为Blink是关于快速认知的）以及后文“for example, when meeting someone for the first time or looking at something we’re thinking of buying”（例如，当我们第一次见到某人或者看到我们想买的东西的时候。）可知，举例是为了对前文做解释，因而划线词所在句指也就是说，当我们做出立即判断的时候，故画线词意思是“立即”。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段“One such story involves doctors in the Emergency Room at Cook County Hospital in Chicago. After told to change the way of diagnoses, instead of asking for information such as the patient’s age and weight and medical history, they were going to focus only on the patient’s blood pressure. And now Cook County is one of the best places in the US at diagnosing chest pain.(其中一个故事涉及芝加哥库克县医院急诊室的医生。在被告知改变诊断方式后，他们不再询问患者的年龄、体重和病史等信息，而是只关注患者的血压。现在库克县是美国诊断胸痛最好的地方之一)”可知，库克县医院的医生根据病人的血压进行诊断，从而做出更好的诊断。故选B。
43．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Of course, there are occasions when we leap to the wrong conclusion. In his research, Gladwell discovered that almost all the CEOs of the top companies in the US are tall. There is no actual relationship between height and intelligence, but for some reason, corporations overwhelmingly choose tall people for leadership roles. There is something going on in the first few seconds of meeting a tall person which makes us think of that person as an effective leader, which unfortunately stops us from making an informed decision.(当然，有时我们会草率地得出错误的结论。在他的研究中，格拉德威尔发现，几乎所有美国顶级公司的CEO都是高个子。身高和智力之间并没有实际的关系，但出于某种原因，公司绝大多数都选择高个子的人担任领导职务。在见到一个高个子的人的最初几秒钟，会发生一些事情，让我们认为这个人是一个有效的领导者，不幸的是，这阻止了我们做出明智的决定)”可知，作者提到高个子的领导作用是为了说明对一个人的第一印象会导致错误的判断。故选D。
44．推理判断题。根据第一段“If, like me, you’re the kind of person who finds it hard to make decisions, then Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink might just be the book you have been waiting for.(如果像我一样，你是那种很难做决定的人，那么马尔科姆·格拉德威尔的《眨眼》可能就是你一直在等待的书)”以及最后一段“All in all, Blink is a fascinating study on an activity that we all do several times a day. Read it and make better decisions.(总之，《眨眼》是一项关于我们每天都要做几次的活动的迷人研究。阅读它，做出更好的决定)”可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一本书。故选B。
45．D 46．D 47．A 48．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了今年5月发表在《环境与资源年度评论》杂志上的一篇对半个世纪鸟类种群研究的综述称，在全球范围内，失去的鸟类物种远远多于增加的鸟类物种。这篇题为《世界鸟类状况》的综述显示，超过5200种不同的鸟类——略少于世界鸟类总数的一半——已知或怀疑正在减少。文章主要对鸟类保护展开了说明。
45．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Among birds on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, almost 400 birds worldwide have had their conservation status changed for the worse in the past three decades (moving from vulnerable to threatened, or threatened to endangered) — five times more than the number of bird species with an IUCN status that has changed for the better.(在世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录上的鸟类中，全球有近400种鸟类的保护状况在过去30年里发生了恶化（从易危到受威胁，或从受威胁到濒危）——这是国际自然保护联盟保护状况好转的鸟类数量的5倍多)”可知，世界自然保护联盟红色名录上的濒危物种是按保护状况排列的。故选D。
46．细节理解题。根据第三段““After documenting the loss of nearly 3 billion birds in North America alone (according to a 2019 study published in the journal Science), it was disturbing to see the same patterns of population declines and extinction occurring globally,” says review coauthor Ken Rosenberg, a conservation scientist now retired from the Cormell Lab of Omithology.(“根据2019年发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，仅在记录了北美地区近30亿只鸟类的损失后，看到同样的数量下降和灭绝模式在全球发生，令人不安”该综述的合著者、现已从科梅尔鸟类学实验室退休的保护科学家肯·罗森伯格说)”可知，肯·罗森伯格说这句话感到担忧。故选D。
47．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“In a note of hope, the authors cite a 2020 study indicating that restoring just 5% of habitat in priority areas around the world could”以及后文“60% of likely extinctions”可知，在一份充满希望的报告中，作者引用了2020年的一项研究，该研究表明，只要恢复世界各地重点地区5%的栖息地，就可以阻止60%的可能灭绝。故画线词意思是“阻止”。故选A。
48．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Lead author Alexander Lees, a research associate at the Cormell Lab, also points to the need for substantial changes in human behavior to prevent further losses. “Loss and degradation of habitat is often driven by demand for resources,” says Lees. “We need to better consider how commodity flows such as beef, oil, and seed crops can contribute to biodiversity loss and try to reduce the human footprint on the natural world.”(该研究的主要作者、科梅尔实验室的助理研究员亚历山大·李斯还指出，为了防止进一步的损失，人类行为需要发生实质性的改变。“栖息地的丧失和退化往往是由对资源的需求引起的，”李斯说。“我们需要更好地考虑牛肉、石油和种子作物等商品流动是如何导致生物多样性丧失的，并努力减少人类对自然界的足迹。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是栖息地丧失的可能解决办法。故选B。