湖北省武汉市2020-2022届高三五月英语模拟试题汇编：阅读理解（含答案）
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湖北省武汉市
2020-2022届（三年）高三五月英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2022届湖北省武汉市高三年级五月模拟试题 (一)英语试题
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As we look forward to a more positive 2022 these places should be at the top of your bucket list.
Cannes
When you think France, often Paris comes to mind. Why not leave the romantic city to lovers and journey south to Cannes. This holiday is for people who want to live like the stars for a weekend or two. After settling in head straight to The Promenade de la Croisette. Not only does it offer a beautiful view, you will also feel like celebrities as you wander around the place film stars call home during the Cannes Film Festival.
Ibiza
For the party lovers, you’ll find a home in San Antonio, Ibiza. Start your holiday right with a day party at Usha. With events like Elrow, Tomorrowland and famous singers like Calvin Harris and Duke Dumont the fun never ends. And you can also begin your day at Aiyanna, a restaurant that mixes food with beautiful views. Known for their freshly prepared organic menu, Aiyanna is also the perfect recovery spot on the morning after with your friends.
Amsterdam
Known for its artistic heritage, complex canal system and museums. Amsterdam is packed with adventures waiting to be had. Start your trip right with a canal tour. The history of Amsterdam is closely connected with water, floating down Amsterdam’s canals is one of the most magical and memorable ways to discover the city especially with a glass of wine or two.
Thailand
From the crystal clear waterfalls, the elephant reserves and the full moon parties Thailand offers countless adventures for you. For a trip that’s all about sightseeing, a visit to Wat Pho is a must which is home to the incredible statue, Reclining Buddha. Another must is a trip to The Grand Palace, one of the famous landmarks of Bangkok. The dazzling golden temples have been the official residence of The Kings of Siam since 1782.
1. What can you do in Ibiza
A. Get close to nature. B. Join a party with celebrities.
C. Appreciate art works in museums. D. Have a taste of life as famous people.
2. Where will you go if you want to take a boat trip
A. Cannes. B. Ibiza. C. Amsterdam. D. Thailand.
3. Who is the text intended for
A. Party lovers. B. Artists. C. Adventure seekers. D. Tourists.
B
Above a shining ice pack in the Bering Sea, a helicopter flies over a polar bear, following paw prints in the snow. The bear suddenly appears as a hint of movement, white against white, making its way across the ice. The helicopter goes down, circling over the frightened creature, and a shotgun slides out the window, firing a tranquilizer (镇定剂) into the massive fur-covered bottom. Minutes pass. The bear shows no effects. The helicopter drops for a second shot. This time the bear stands its ground, and the pilot, fearing the animal is about to attack the aircraft, sharply noses the helicopter skyward.
But this bear finally moves unsteadily, then stretches out on the ice like a giant sheep dog. The helicopter sets down, and biologist Gerald Garner advances, kicking the bear in the behind to make sure it is motionless. A swivel (扭动) of its head and a flashing of teeth warn Garner that there is plenty of defiance left in this 272-kg meat-eating creature. With a syringe (注器), he injects more drug. At last the head lowers, and Garner can proceed. Around the bear’s neck he fastens a plastic collar containing a computer that will send data to a satellite, allowing scientists to keep track of the animal for a year. By the time Bear No. 6, 886 raises its head, the helicopter is softly above the air.
Those tense moments were all in a day’s work for Garner, one of a handful of hearty scientists, pilots and technicians taking part in a $700, 000 annual U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service study of polar bear populations. In an effort to follow the fate of more than 600 bears since the start of the program, the researchers have braved wind-chill factors of-59℃, hard living conditions, the constant threat of mechanical failures and the danger of being stuck on an ice pack. Last October two government biologists and a pilot disappeared while following polar bears from the air.
4. What do we know about the first shot
A. It doesn’t work. B. It annoys the bear.
C. It misses the target. D. It frightens the bear.
5. What does the underlined word “defiance” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Resistance. B. Hope. C. Evidence. D. Fear.
6. Which of the following can describe the researchers’ job
A. Well-paid. B. Short-staffed. C. Life-threatening. D. Time-saving.
7. What are Garner and his colleagues doing
A. Rescuing polar bears. B. Tracking polar bears.
C. Hunting for polar bears. D. Rounding up polar bears.
C
Sofia Goggia’s hometown of Bergamo, Italy, gets an average of just 7 centimeters of snow a year. The average temperature is 12°C. But in 2018, Ms. Goggia won the gold medal for downhill skiing in the Winter Olympics. Ragnhild Mowinckel of Norway and Lindsey Vonn of America took silver and bronze. Both live in towns where it snows more than 100 centimeters a year.
In general, cold countries do better at the Winter Olympics. A culture of recreational skiing, skating and snowboarding lends itself to good slopes (斜坡) and training facilities. The more people who participate, the larger the talent pool. The Jamaican bobsleigh (雪橇 ) team never won an Olympic medal: their four-man team’s best result was 14th in 1994. Norway, with a population of just 5. 5m, is a Winter Olympics superpower. It has bagged 368 medals to date, more than any other country. Its climate (more snowy days than any other country in Europe) helps. So, too, does its long tradition of skiing. A survey in 2013 found that 70% of Norwegians own a pair of cross-country skis.
Warmer countries that buck the trend tend to spend big. An analysis in 2021 found that a country’s share of world GDP was the best predictor of Summer Olympic glory. America does exceptionally well at the winter games, too. Italy, Spain and Australia command a higher share of global GDP than the vast majority of countries that compete in the Winter Olympics. They are also the only three countries with average temperatures above 13°C to have won medals.
Since Australia increased funding for its Olympic Committee by over 60% a year in the mid-1990s nearly all its future gold medalists have set up training headquarters in Canada or Europe. The American Olympic Committee helps cover costs for coaching, training, health care and housing. Cash prizes for medalists may also make a difference. Italy pays $214, 000 to athletes who bring home gold; Spain gives them $112, 000. Other countries are more creative. In 2016 Germany gave Olympic medalists a lifetime supply of free beer. South Korean winners are free from national military service. All four countries have punched above their weight at past Winter Olympics.
8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. A big snow. B. A gifted skier.
C. A surprising result. D. A popular event.
9 What caused Jamaican bobsleigh team’s poor performance
A. Their low spirits. B. Their unrealistic goal.
C. Terrible training methods. D. Insufficient public participation.
10. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Have a high GDP.
B. Get a large talent pool.
C. Perform well in the competition.
D. Spend a fortune in training athletes.
11. What is the text mainly about
A Impacts of climate on winter sports.
B. Great efforts by rich warmer countries.
C. Creative rewards to Olympic medalists.
D. Secrets to success in the Winter Olympics.
D
Concerns have existed long about what’s gone wrong in modern societies. Many scholars explain growing gaps between the haves and the have-nots as partly a by-product of living in large, urban populations. The bigger the crowd, from this perspective, the greater the distance is between the wealthy and those left wanting.
In The Dawn of Everything, David Graeber and David Wengrow challenge the assumption that bigger societies surely produce a range of inequalities. Using examples from past societies, the pair also rejects the popular idea that social development occurred in stages.
Such stages, according to conventional wisdom, began with humans living in small hunter-gatherer bands where everyone was on equal footing. Then an agricultural revolution (变革) about 12, 000 years ago fueled population growth and the appearance of tribes (部落) and eventually states.
This assumption makes no sense to Graeber and Wengrow. Their research, which extends for 526 pages, paints a more hopeful picture of social life over the last 30, 000 to 40, 000 years. Hunter-gatherers have a long history of changing social systems from one season to the next, the authors write. About a century ago, researchers observed that native populations in North America and elsewhere often operated in small, mobile groups for part of the year and formed large, settled communities the rest of the year. For example, each winter, Canada’s Northwest Coast Kwakiutl hunter-gatherers built wooden structures while in summers, they separated, and fished along the coast in less formal social ranks.
Social flexibility and experimentation, rather than a revolutionary shift, also characterized ancient transitions (转变) to agriculture, Graeber and Wengrow write. Middle Eastern village sites now indicate that the domestication (驯化) of crops occurred on and off from around 12, 000 to 9, 000 years ago. Ancient Fertile Crescent communities regularly gave farming a go while still hunting, gathering, fishing, and trading. Early people were in no rush to treat land as private property or to form political systems headed by kings, the authors conclude.
12. What might The Dawn of Everything mainly deal with
A. Historic stages. B. Social inequalities.
C. Historic revolution. D. Social development.
13. What is the conventional idea about human societies
A. They progressed in stages. B. They started with inequality.
C. They began with small tribes. D. They benefited from population growth.
14. How does the author develop Paragraph 4
A. By listing figures. B. By offering examples.
C. By giving a definition. D. By making a comparison.
15. What is a feature of ancient transitions to agriculture according to the book
A. A fixed political system. B. Flexibility of society.
C. A regular revolutionary shift. D. Improvement of crops.
湖北省武汉市2021届高中毕业生五月供题英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The process of finding your best fit in a retirement community has improved dramatically over the past decade. Below are some options that will have you get going on a retirement lifestyle that makes every day seem like a vacation.
Saddle Brooke
Saddle Brooke is an Active Lifestyle Community with excellent restaurants and a Mountain View course for golfers. Saddle Brooke’s Arts Center offers various shows and performances. Fitness centers, basketball and volleyball courts, and swimming pools are just around the corner!
Lakewood Ranch
Lakewood Ranch comprises residential villages, parks, educational institutions, town centers, and a center specializing in brain research and cancer care. For three years running, it’s been the fastest-selling, all-ages community in America.
Dataw Island
Dataw Island provides beautiful mansions (公寓楼)，independent shops and restaurants. There are two golf courses, eight tennis courts, world-class grasslands, and plentiful social clubs. Residents can also enjoy deep sea fishing in minutes.
The Forest at Duke
In the covid-19 era, it’s easy to get lost in separation. But that’s hardly the case at The Forest at Duke, where residents continue to enjoy socially distanced chats with neighbors, the satisfaction of activity in nature, and find belonging in their new home.
1. For whom is this text written
A. Officials. B. Retirees. C. Teachers. D. Travelers.
2. Which community has a medical research centre
A. Dataw Island. B. Saddle Brooke.
C. Lakewood Ranch. D. The Forest at Duke.
3. What do Saddle Brooke and Dataw Island have in common
A. They provide sports facilities.
B. They offer art performance.
C. They feature nature activities.
D. They suit shopping convenience.
B
As a child, Paolo Fanciulli was attracted by underwater abandoned ships , particularly the fish and seagrass that lived in them. But in the past decade , his job as a fisherman has grown harder, as trawling ( 用拖网捕鱼) near the coast has been destroying the Mediterranean ecosystem.“The nets are weighed down with heavy chains to be dragged on the sea bottom, so they uproot the seagrass that is key to the Mediterranean ecosystem" he said.
While Italian law bans trawling within 5.5km of the coast, it's so profitable that it's not uncommon for boats to carry on illegally at night.
In 2006, a desperate Tuscan government dropped concrete blocks into the sea to interrupt the trawlers. Fanciulli said they didn't work as they were too far apart and the nets simply dragged between them. He then began to wonder: what if, instead of dropping concrete blocks into the water, he dropped art He asked a mine in nearby Carrara to donate two marble (大理石) blocks to make sculptures. They donated 100 instead.
Through word of mouth , contributions and online crowdfunding, Fanciulli persuaded artists including Giorgio Butini and Beverly Pepper to carve sculptures from the marble.Then he took them to sea and lowered them in. The underwater sculptures create both a physical brier for nets and a unique underwater museum.
The“museum”appears to be having some effects gradually. Although 10 years ago the seagrass was disappearing, it is now growing back. The statues also deserve credit for helping to preserve the fishing industry by protecting the fish resources because the nursery areas of various commercial fish species are below the coast. All kinds of undersea life appears to be returning. Seagrass covers the statues, shellfish has taken up residence, and more dolphins have been seen.
Fanciulli hopes to build on the museum's success.“We put in the first statues in 2007 but our goal is to reach 100,”he said, sensing an opportunity.
4. What has made Fanciulli's job grow harder
A. An illegal fishing practice.
B. The declining fishing industry.
C. The concrete blocks underwater.
D. The increasing number of fishermen.
5. What does Fancilli mean by“dropped art”in paragraph 3
A. Establishing an art museum.
B. Removing the concrete blocks.
C. Appealing for artists' donation.
D. Laying sculptures under the sea.
6. Which of the following can best describe Fanciulli's measure
A. Fruitless. B. Doubtful.
C. Conventional. D. Rewarding.
7. What's the text mainly about
A. Benefits brought by fine arts.
B. Harm trawling does to marine life.
C. Efforts by a fisherman to protect sea life.
D. Attempts by artists to preserve biodiversity.
C
New fences, fresh floor coverings and plenty of paint; home improvement has become the national amusements to kill time during the pandemic (疫情) as the nation has spent more time at home and rediscovered a passion for DIY after a decade of decline. The close down of pubs,restaurants and sporting fields, financial pressures and the need to adapt houses and flats to deal with changed circumstances, started a trend in DIY this year, particularly among 18 to 34-year-olds.
After years of falling sales, store close down and cost-cutting, B&Q -the DIY chain is hoping the tide may finally have changed its tough situation. Kingfisher, the parent company of B&Q, is investing in digital marketing, home delivery and new products to attract the imagination of the young generation.
Thierry Gamier, chief executive (总裁) of Kingfisher, has plenty of data to prove how consumers warmed to DIY again in 2020. It began in the spring with painting fences and decorating walls or cars. Sales of pressure washers increased by 80% at B&Q. People then moved on to gardening, setting up home offices and entertaining outdoors.
It has been the same story in some other countries. Demand for fencing, decorating wooden cabins in continental Europe and the us has put such a stress on wood supply chains that sawmill (锯木厂) and producers are working hard to tackle the problem. Paint supplier to B&Q are concentrating on the most popular shades, reducing the product range so they can keep up with the demand for high volumes.
But the big focus is on digital. As demand for home shopping rocketed during the pandemic, B&Q began using its stores to help pick and pack home deliveries. The group now handles 1.5 million orders a week. Online now accounts for 17% of sales -up from 8% before the pandemic and Gamier hopes to expand further.
8. Why did DIY regain popularity in 2020
A. Pandemic made it a national pastime.
B. The DIY chain tried to please the public.
C Stores offered a discount on DIY materials.
D. Public faculties failed to meet people's needs.
9. What can we infer about the comeback of DIY
A. It will soon go quiet again.
B. It's welcomed only by youth.
C. It has taken the world by storm.
D. It offers companies chances to recover.
10. What is B&Q's solution to the pressure from sales boom
A. Narrowing the product range.
B. Specializing in new products.
C. Focusing on digital products only.
D. Using stores to handle home deliveries.
11. What's Gamier's opinion about the prospect of online sales
A. Uncertain B. Confident.
C. Pessimistic. D. Cautious
D
Russell Warne has spent many hours examining college psychology textbooks. As a professor of psychology at Utah Valley University , he wasn't looking for insight, but for mistakes一and he found plenty. Some of the worst concerned IQ tests. “ The most common inaccuracy I found, by far, was the claim that intelligence tests are biased against certain groups,”he says. Yet intelligence researchers are at pains to ensure that IQ tests are fair and not culturally biased.“Another very common one was the idea that intelligence is difficult to measure."
No wonder IQ tests often cause disagreements. But that simply isn't the case.“ Despite the criticism, the intelligence test is one of the most reliable tests ever invented," says Rex Jung at the University of New Mexico. Nevertheless , you shouldn't trust the kind of 10-minute test that might pop up in your Facebook feed.
A comprehensive IQ test takes over an hour and is ideally administered by a professional examiner. It is designed to assess precisely those cognitive (认知的) skills that constitute intelligence, so consists of a series of subtests that cover reasoning, mental processing speed, spatial (空间的) ability and more. Shorter IQ tests, assessing fewer of these skills, can still provide a general indication of someone's mental abilities ，however, because the nature of intelligence means that someone who scores highly on one type of cognitive test will also do comparatively well on others.
However, particular applications of IQ tests have faced a thorough inspection. A common criticism of using them to select job applicants is that they only measure certain cognitive skills.They don't scientifically measure creativity, for instance. Neither do they measure personality, which tends to make for reliable and hard-working employees一or ability to get on with other people. However, it is rare for examiners to test IQ independently: candidates might be given a personality test too and a practical exercise to assess job-related skills. They usually also have to name several professionals to judge.
12. What does the underlined words“biased against" in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Unfamiliar to. B. Irrelevant to
C. Unfavorable for. D. Irresponsible for.
13. What does Rex Jung think of the intelligence tests
A. They are inaccurate
B. They are trustworthy.
C. They are properly used.
D. They are precisely designed.
14. What can we infer about IQ tests in the last paragraph
A. They are rarely accepted.
B. They are heavily criticized.
C. They may still be employed.
D. They can motivate creativity.
15. What can be the best title of the passage
A. Do IQ tests really work
B. Applications of IQ tests.
C. Misinformation in textbooks.
D. Can IQ tests shape personality
2020届湖北省武汉市高中毕业生五月质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
USA TODAY 10Best's Readers Choice Awards are currently on hold.We asked our readers to vote for the top events across six categories:music,general food,specialty food,film,cultural and emerging industries(founded in the past five years).These are some of the winners:
Kutztown Folk Festival
The nine-day Kutztown Folk Festival is the nation's oldest continuously operated folk life festival,drawing visitors from around the globe.A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes America's largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and folk artists,local food and family friendly entertainment.
Water Lantern Festival
The Water Lantern Festival is all about connections.Magical nights in cities across the US include food,live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.
Carnaval of Quebec
The Quebec Carnaval is a 10-day festival of winter,the world's largest,complete with nighl parades(庆祝游行），ice skating,snow sculptures and a towering ice palace.Other highlighls include ice canoe racing,a sugar shack and iconic Caribou drinks.
San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade
San Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade since just after the Gold Rush.The parade ranks among the best in the world, with 100 units,fancy costumes,fireworks and a 268-foot Golden Dragon,which takes a team of 100 men and women to march through the streets.It has become one of the largest events of its kind in the world,drawing some three million spectators and television viewers.
1. What can you see during Kutztown Folk Festival
A. Modern arts.
B. Quilts for sale.
C. Traditional weddings.
D. Shows on stage.
2. Which festival is meant to promote interpersonal relationships
A. Kutztown Folk Festival.
B. Carnaval of Quebec.
C. Water Lantern Festival.
D. San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade.
3. Carnaval of Quebec and San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade both..
A. include special food
B. relate to parades
C. take place only at nights
D. have sculpture exhibitions
B
The beloved children's author Tomie dePaola,who was born in Connecticut on September 15,1934 and whose imaginative and warm-hearted works crossed generations and continents, died Monday at age 85.His death was announced,without details,on social media by his assistant,Bob Hechtel.
DePaola's works covered many areas of his imagination,from a magical tale centered on a kind and caring Calabrian grandmother-Strega Nona,which won the Caldecott Honor Award in 1976-to retelling the inspiring Comanche story of The Legend of the Bluebonnet.In 2000, he won a Newbery Honor for his book 26 Fairmount Avenue,which described his early childhood.Quiet,published in 1980s,is one of his bestselling books.By dePaola's own count,he worked on some 270 books-the first in 1965,and the most recent published last year.
In 2011,he won a lifetime prize,the Children's Literature Legacy Award,which praised his ＂considerable and lasting contribution to literature for children".In all,nearly 25 million copies of his books have been sold around the world.
Along with his work as an author,dePaola taught art and theater at various colleges in California,Massachusetts and New Hampshire.For many years,he made his home in New London,N.H.
In 1998,dePaola told a radio reporter that he hoped to recognize children for all their natural abilities."As a grown-up,"he said,"I want to give children the credit for everything I can:their courage,their humor,their love,their intellectual abilities,their abilities to be fair, their abilities to be unfair.But I do wish that we grown-ups would give children lots of credit for these temporary kinds of qualities that they have."
4. Which of the following best describes all DePaola's works
A. Inspiring.
B. Magic.
C. Adventurous.
D. Imaginative.
5. Which of the following books reflects dePaola's own life
A. Quiet.
B. Strega Nona.
C. 26 Fairmount Avenue.
D. The Legend of the Bluebonnet.
6. What did dePaola think children needed
A. Adults'approval.
B. Various abilities.
C. Major improvement.
D. Superior qualities.
7. What's the purpose of writing the text
A. To announce bad news.
B. To praise a great artist.
C. To recognize a famous writer.
D. To mourn a distinguished man.
C
For decades,Americans have been sorting their trash believing that most plastic could be recycled.But the truth is that the vast majority of all plastic produced can't be or won't be recycled.In 40 years,less than 10% of plastic has been recycled.
A news programme Frontline,by NPR and the PBS,found that oil and gas companies- the makers of plastic-have known that all along,even as they spent millions of dollars telling the American public the opposite.The plastics industry officials said the industry is providing money for new technology that they believe will get recycling plastic up to scale.The goal,they said,is to recycle 100% of the plastic they make in 5 years.
But the more plastic is recycledthe less money the industry will make by selling new plastic.And those profits have become increasingly panies have told shareholders（股东）that profits from using oil and gas for transport are expected to decline in coming years with the increasing use of electric cars.The industry leaders expect oil and gas demands from the chemical industry will be much greater than the demand from the transport side in the coming decade.Plastic production overall is now expected to rise three times by 2050,and once again,the industry is spending money on advertisements and public relations to promote plastic recycling.
Plastic is now more common than it's ever been and harder to recycle.Gas prices remain at historic lows,making new plastic cheaper than recycled plastic.And the industry now produces many more different-and more complex-kinds of plastics that are more costly to sort and in many cases can't be recycled at all.Efforts to reduce plastic use are mounting nationwide,but any plan to slow the growth of plastic will face an industry with billions of dollars of future profits to lose.
8 What do we know about the goal of 100%plastic recycling
A. It's modest.
B. It's achievable.
C It's urgent.
D. It's unreal.
9. How will the oil and gas companies make more profits in the following years
A. By selling electric cars.
B. By adding emphasis on recycling.
C. By increasing plastic production.
D. By meeting the needs of transport.
10. What does the underlined word"mounting"in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Increasing.
B. Working.
C. Failing.
D. Decreasing.
11. What may be the best title for the text
A. Should Plastic Be Recycled
B. Can Plastic Waste Be Handled
C. Recycle Plastic or Sell More
D. Plastic Products or Substitutes
D
Why is poverty so difficult to overcome Why are poorer people less likely to spend money on their own learning and ability development,but more likely to be addicted to television and video games
In the past,a poor person was normally considered to have bad virtue or have no ambition. The Nobel Prize winner Banerjee corrects such views and explains the truth behind the poor. Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives,he said,so they need tools such as televisions,cell phones,junk food and video games to get rid of worries more than others.But learning something often takes a lot of time and money to get rewards,while the poor are often impatient due to economic(经济的）reasons,and their life in the meantime is getting more boring.
Banerjee's research has found that the poor often need to borrow short-term loans(贷款）.Thus,the poor tend to take higher financial risks-they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get money to start a business from banks,so they rely more on these high-interest loans.And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks.
How could the poor step into the middle class Maybe starting a business is a way out.But for the extremely poor,it's impossible to get help from banks to start a business.In most cases,a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable,which give the poor the opportunities lo be hired for the long term,to increase the“bandwidth(带宽）”of their thinking,and thus making it possible for families to move from poverty to the middle class.
What's the role of government then When the market can't solve a problem,the government will solve it.And the problem behind the poor is actually the failure of the market. The poor often lack the necessary information to make the right choices and they often carry too much responsibility for their survival to make the best choices.In this sense,Banerjee's research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty,so that policies can be tailored to reduce poverty and eventually remove it.
12. What do the poor need to improve their ability according to Banerjee
A. Ambition.
B. Money.
C. Guidance.
D. Patience.
13. What will probably cause the poor to face financial risks
A. The high-interest loans.
B. Their small incomes.
C. The financial policies.
D. Their educational backgrounds.
14. What may be a right choice for the poor to get out of poverty
A. Setting a high goal..
B. Working as civil servants.
C. Opening their mind.
D. Seeking support from banks.
15. What can the government do to get rid of poverty
A. Adjust the policy.
B. Control the market.
C. Do more research.
D. Offer enough information.
答案：
2022届湖北省武汉市高三年级五月模拟试题 (一)英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是四个旅游目的地的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ibiza部分的“For the party lovers, you’ll find a home in San Antonio, Ibiza. Start your holiday right with a day party at Usha. With events like Elrow, Tomorrowland and famous singers like Calvin Harris and Duke Dumont the fun never ends.(对于派对爱好者来说，你会在伊比沙岛的圣安东尼奥找到一个家。以Usha白天的一场派对开始你的假期。像Elrow、Tomorrowland这样的活动，以及Calvin Harris和Duke Dumont这样的著名歌手，乐趣永远不会结束。)”可知，在Ibiza你可以和名人一起参加派对，故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Amsterdam部分的“Start your trip right with a canal tour. The history of Amsterdam is closely connected with water, floating down Amsterdam’s canals is one of the most magical and memorable ways to discover the city especially with a glass of wine or two.(就从运河之旅开始吧。阿姆斯特丹的历史与水紧密相连，沿着阿姆斯特丹的运河漂流是探索这座城市最神奇、最难忘的方式之一，尤其是喝上一两杯葡萄酒。)”可知，如果你想乘船旅行，你会去阿姆斯特丹。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“As we look forward to a more positive 2022 these places should be at the top of your bucket list.(当我们期待一个更加积极的2022年的时候，这些地方应该在你的人生愿望清单上名列前茅。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是四个旅游目的地的相关信息，因此这篇文章是专门针对游客的，故选D。
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述Garner和他的同事们在恶劣的条件下，仍然追踪研究北极熊的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Minutes pass. The bear shows no effects.(几分钟过去了，熊没有表现出任何反应)”可知，第一次射击没有起作用。故选A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“A swivel (扭动) of its head and a flashing of teeth warn Garner that there is plenty of defiance left in this 272-kg meat-eating creature.(它转动的头和牙齿的闪烁警告Garner这个272公斤重的食肉动物还有很多的defiance)”可知，defiance是名词，表示熊当时的状态，因为它的头还在一直动，并且牙齿在闪烁，说明这只熊当时对Garner很反抗，所以defiance的意思是“反抗”，和A选项意思一致。故选A。
6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This time the bear stands its ground, and the pilot, fearing the animal is about to attack the aircraft, sharply noses the helicopter skyward.(这一次，北极熊还一直站立着，飞行员担心北极熊会攻击飞机，急忙把直升机向天空冲)、第二段“The helicopter sets down, and biologist Gerald Garner advances, kicking the bear in the behind to make sure it is motionless.(直升机降落下来，生物学家Gerald Garner走近了一点，踢了一脚熊的后背，以确保它是不动的)”、第二段“this 272-kg meat-eating creature(这个272公斤重的食肉动物)”和最后一段“In an effort to follow the fate of more than 600 bears since the start of the program, the researchers have braved wind-chill factors of-59℃, hard living conditions, the constant threat of mechanical failures and the danger of being stuck on an ice pack. Last October two government biologists and a pilot disappeared while following polar bears from the air.(自该项目开始以来，为了追踪600多只北极熊的命运，研究人员冒着零下59摄氏度的寒风，恶劣的生活条件，机械故障的持续威胁和被困在冰层上的危险。去年10月，两名政府生物学家和一名飞行员在追踪北极熊时失踪)”可知，研究者们的工作是非常危险的，甚至是威胁到生命安全的。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In an effort to follow the fate of more than 600 bears since the start of the program, the researchers have braved wind-chill factors of-59℃, hard living conditions, the constant threat of mechanical failures and the danger of being stuck on an ice pack.(自该项目开始以来，为了追踪600多只北极熊的命运，研究人员冒着零下59摄氏度的寒风，恶劣的生活条件，机械故障的持续威胁和被困在冰层上的危险)”可知，Garner和他的同事们在追踪北极熊。故选B。
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了某些国家运动员在冬奥会上取得成功的奥秘。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sofia Goggia’s hometown of Bergamo, Italy, gets an average of just 7 centimeters of snow a year. The average temperature is 12°C. But in 2018, Ms. Goggia won the gold medal for downhill skiing in the Winter Olympics. Ragnhild Mowinckel of Norway and Lindsey Vonn of America took silver and bronze. Both live in towns where it snows more than 100 centimeters a year. (Sofia Goggia的家乡意大利贝加莫，每年的平均降雪量只有7厘米。平均温度为12℃。但在2018年，Goggia赢得了冬奥会速降滑雪项目的金牌。挪威选手莫文克尔和美国选手沃恩分别获得银牌和铜牌。两人都居住在每年降雪量超过100厘米的城镇。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是冬奥会速降滑雪项目的结果是令人惊讶的，因为出生在每年的平均降雪量只有7厘米的意大利选手获得冠军。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The more people who participate, the larger the talent pool. The Jamaican bobsleigh (雪橇 ) team never won an Olympic medal: their four-man team’s best result was 14th in 1994. (参与的人越多，人才库就越大。牙买加雪橇队从未获得过奥运奖牌：他们的四人雪橇队的最好成绩是1994年的第14名。)”可知，牙买加雪橇队表现不佳的原因是公众参与不足。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句后文“An analysis in 2021 found that a country’s share of world GDP was the best predictor of Summer Olympic glory. (2021年的一项分析发现，一个国家在世界GDP中所占的份额是夏季奥运会荣耀的最佳预测指标。)”说明一个国家在世界GDP中所占的份额越高，往往奥运会取得的成绩越好，从而推知划线词句“Warmer countries that buck the trend tend to spend big. (气候偏暖的buck the trend的国家则倾向于大量花钱。)”其中划线短语指的是“在比赛中成绩好，表现出色”。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中“In general, cold countries do better at the Winter Olympics. (总的来说，寒冷的国家在冬奥会上表现更好。)”、第三段中“Warmer countries that buck the trend tend to spend big. (气候偏暖的国家则倾向于大量花钱。)”等内容可知，这篇文章主要讲述了某些国家在冬奥会上取得成功的奥秘。故选D项。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍并评论了《万物的黎明》这本书。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In The Dawn of Everything, David Graeber and David Wengrow challenge the assumption that bigger societies surely produce a range of inequalities. Using examples from past societies, the pair also rejects the popular idea that social development occurred in stages. (在《万物的黎明》中，大卫·格雷伯和大卫·文格罗挑战了一个假设，即更大的社会肯定会产生一系列的不平等。他们还用过去社会的例子，驳斥了社会发展是分阶段发生的这一流行观点。)”可知，《万物黎明》的主要内容是有关社会发展的。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Using examples from past societies, the pair also rejects the popular idea that social development occurred in stages. (他们还用过去社会的例子，驳斥了社会发展是分阶段发生的这一流行观点。)”可知，关于人类社会的传统观念是它们是分阶段进行的。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“For example, each winter, Canada’s Northwest Coast Kwakiutl hunter-gatherers built wooden structures while in summers, they separated, and fished along the coast in less formal social ranks. (例如，每年冬天，加拿大西北海岸Kwakiutl狩猎采采者会建造木结构，而在夏天，他们会分开，以不那么正式的社会阶层沿着海岸捕鱼。)”可知，作者在第4段是通过举例展开的。故选B项。
15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Social flexibility and experimentation, rather than a revolutionary shift, also characterized ancient transitions (转变) to agriculture, Graeber and Wengrow write. (Graeber和Wengrow写道，社会的灵活性和实验性，而不是革命性的转变，也是古代向农业过渡的特征。)”可知，根据这本书，古代向农业过渡的特点是社会的灵活性。故选B项。
湖北省武汉市2021届高中毕业生五月供题英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章为退休人员介绍了四个适合退休生活的社区。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The process of finding your best fit in a retirement community has improved dramatically over the past decade. Below are some options that will have you get going on a retirement lifestyle that makes every day seem like a vacation. (在过去的十年里，在退休社区中找到最适合自己的过程有了显著的改善。下面是一些可以让你过上退休生活的选择，让你每天都像是在度假)”可推知，这篇文章是为退休人员写的。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Lakewood Ranch中“Lakewood Ranch comprises residential villages, parks, educational institutions, town centers, and a center specializing in brain research and cancer care. (莱克伍德牧场由居住村庄、公园、教育机构、城镇中心和一个专门从事脑科研究和癌症治疗的中心组成)”可知，莱克伍德牧场社区有一个医学研究中心。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Saddle Brooke中“Fitness centers, basketball and volleyball courts, and swimming pools are just around the corner! (健身中心、篮球场、排球场和游泳池都在附近)”和Dataw Island中“There are two golf courses, eight tennis courts, world-class grasslands, and plentiful social clubs.(这里有两个高尔夫球场，八个网球场，世界级的草地和大量的社交俱乐部)”可知，Saddle Brooke社区和Dataw岛社区的共同之处在于它们都提供运动设施。故选A项。
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲拖网捕鱼对生态系统产生了不良的影响，Paolo Fanciull，一个渔夫想出来一个方法来解决：在海底放置大理石雕塑，改善了生态系统。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But in the past decade , his job as a fisherman has grown harder, as trawling ( 用拖网捕鱼) near the coast has been destroying the Mediterranean ecosystem.“The nets are weighed down with heavy chains to be dragged on the sea bottom, so they uproot the seagrass that is key to the Mediterranean ecosystem" he said. ”（ 但在过去的十年里，他作为渔民的工作变得越来越困难，因为在海岸附近拖网捕鱼破坏了地中海的生态系统。他说：“渔网被沉重的链条拖到海底，因此它们连根拔起了对地中海生态系统至关重要的海草。”）以及第二段“While Italian law bans trawling within 5.5km of the coast, it's so profitable that it's not uncommon for boats to carry on illegally at night.”（ 尽管意大利法律禁止在海岸5.5公里范围内进行拖网捕鱼，但这是如此有利可图，以至于船只在夜间进行非法活动并不罕见。）由此可知，拖网捕鱼，一种违法行为使Fanciulli的工作变得越来越难，故选A。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文“He asked a mine in nearby Carrara to donate two marble (大理石) blocks to make sculptures. ”（ 他请求卡拉拉附近的矿山捐赠两块大理石用于雕刻。）以及第四段“Through word of mouth , contributions and online crowdfunding, Fanciulli persuaded artists including Giorgio Butini and Beverly Pepper to carve sculptures from the marble.Then he took them to sea and lowered them in. The underwater sculptures create both a physical brier for nets and a unique underwater museum. ”（通过口口相传、捐款和在线众筹，法胡利说服了乔治·布蒂尼(Giorgio Butini)和贝弗利·佩珀(Beverly Pepper)等艺术家用大理石雕刻雕像。然后他把他们带到海里，放下去。这些水下雕塑为渔网创造了一个物理的荆棘和一个独特的水下博物馆。）由此可推断上文意思是代替往海里扔混凝土，而是放置雕塑。故猜测“dropped art”意为“在海底放置雕塑”，故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“The ‘museum’ appears to be having some effects gradually. … All kinds of undersea life appears to be returning. Seagrass covers the statues, shellfish has taken up residence, and more dolphins have been seen.”（“博物馆”似乎正在逐渐发挥一些作用。虽然10年前海草正在消失，但现在又重新长出来了。这些雕像还因为保护了鱼类资源而帮助保护了捕鱼业，因为各种商业鱼类的苗圃都在海岸下面。各种海底生物似乎都在回归。海草覆盖着雕像，贝类在这里定居，越来越多的海豚被发现。）由此可推断出Fanciulli的方法起作用了，所以是Rewarding（值得的）。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“ ‘The nets are weighed down with heavy chains to be dragged on the sea bottom, so they uproot the seagrass that is key to the Mediterranean ecosystem’ he said. ”（他说：“渔网被沉重的链条拖到海底，因此它们连根拔起了对地中海生态系统至关重要的海草。”），第三段“He then began to wonder: what if, instead of dropping concrete blocks into the water, he dropped art ”（ 然后他开始思考：如果他不是把混凝土块扔进水里，而是把艺术品扔进水里会怎么样 ）以及第六段“The ‘museum’ appears to be having some effects gradually.”（ “博物馆”似乎正在逐渐发挥一些作用。）由此可知，文章主要讲拖网捕鱼对生态系统产生了不良的影响，Paolo Fanciull，一个渔夫想出来一个方法来解决：在海底放置大理石雕塑，改善了生态系统。因此C选项“一个渔民保护海洋生物的努力。”符合主旨大意，故选C。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了疫情使装修家居DIY在2020年重新流行起来，为企业提供了复苏的机会，百安居的母公司翠鸟集团就是一个例子。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“home improvement has become the national amusements to kill time during the pandemic (疫情) as the nation has spent more time at home and rediscovered a passion for DIY after a decade of decline. (随着人们有更多的时间待在家里，并且在经历了十年的衰落后重新找回了DIY的热情，装修家居已成为疫情期间消磨时间的全国性娱乐活动)”可知，装修家居DIY在2020年重新流行起来，因为疫情使它成为全国性的消遣。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“After years of falling sales, store close down and cost-cutting, B&Q -the DIY chain is hoping the tide may finally have changed its tough situation. (在经历了多年的销售额下降、门店关闭和成本削减之后，百安居——这个DIY连锁店希望这股潮流最终能改变其艰难的处境)”可知，装修家居DIY的回归为企业提供了复苏的机会。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As demand for home shopping rocketed during the pandemic, B&Q began using its stores to help pick and pack home deliveries. (在疫情期间，由于对居家购物的需求激增，百安居开始利用其门店帮助送货上门)”可知，百安居利用门店来处理送货上门以应对销售热潮带来的压力。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Online now accounts for 17% of sales -up from 8% before the pandemic and Gamier hopes to expand further. (网络销售额现在占总销售额的17%，比大流行前的8%有所上升，Gamier希望进一步扩大)”可知，Gamier对在线销售的前景充满了自信。故选B项。
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为虽然智商测试遭到很多质疑，但是因为其专业性、精确性和与其它测试结合的全面性，智商测试依然是可靠的。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第四句“Yet intelligence researchers are at pains to ensure that IQ tests are fair and not culturally biased.”(然而，智力研究人员正在努力确保智商测试是公平的而且没有文化偏见。)中的yet可知，此处是指尽管Russell Warne认为智商测试对某些群体是有偏见的这种说法是不准确的，但是智力研究人员还是正在努力确保智商测试是公平的而且没有文化偏见。所以biased against意为“对……有偏见”，也就是“不利于”。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Despite the criticism, the intelligence test is one of the most reliable tests ever invented”(尽管受到了批评，智力测验还是有史以来最可靠的测验之一)可知，Rex Jung认为智力测验是值得信赖的。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“However, it is rare for examiners to test IQ independently: candidates might be given a personality test too and a practical exercise to assess job-related skills. They usually also have to name several professionals to judge.”(然而，考官独立测试智商的情况并不多见：考生可能也会接受一次人格测试和一次实践练习，以评估与工作相关的技能。他们通常还得让几个专业人士来判断。)可知，智商测试会结合其它测试来评估与工作相关的技能，所以准确度相对较高，评估较全面，因此可能仍然会被使用。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段提出Russell Warne认为对智商测试的一些负面评价是不准确的，第二段提出虽然智商测试经常引起分歧，但它依然是可靠的，第三段提出智商测试是很专业的，精确度很高，第四段提出虽然智商测试在一些特殊应用上受到质疑，但是因为会结合其它方面的测试，所以依然是可靠的。所以整篇文章是在讨论智商测试是否真的有用。故选A。
2020届湖北省武汉市高中毕业生五月质量检测英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了《今日美国》评选的十佳读者选择奖，列举了几个榜上有名的重大事件和活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes America's largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and folk artists,local food and family friendly entertainment.”可知，在这一节庆活动中包括全美最大型的被子展销。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The Water Lantern Festival is all about connections.Magical nights in cities across the US include food,live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.”可知，这一节庆活动中，人们可以通过灯笼来传达各种感情，借此增进人与人之间的联系。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“the world's largest,complete with nighl parades(庆祝游行）”和第五段中“San Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade”可知，两个事件中都有游行活动。故选B项。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明为。文章介绍了了前不久去世的“美国绘本之父” Tomie dePaola的生平事迹。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The beloved children's author Tomie dePaola,who was born in Connecticut on September 15,1934 and whose imaginative and warm-hearted works crossed generations and continents”可知，dePaola的作品最大的特点就是富有想象力且温馨，这一点在下文中也有提到。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2000, he won a Newbery Honor for his book 26 Fairmount Avenue,which described his early childhood.”可知，在26 Fairmount Avenue这本书中dePaola描写了自己的童年，即反映了自己的生活经历，符合题意。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“But I do wish that we grown-ups would give children lots of credit for these temporary kinds of qualities that they have.”可知，但我希望我们这些成年人能够因为孩子们所拥有的这些暂时的品质而给予他们更多的信任。”由此判断出在他看来，大人们的认可是孩子们最需要的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。文章主题较为清晰，根据第一段“The beloved children's author Tomie dePaola,who was born in Connecticut on September 15,1934 and whose imaginative and warm-hearted works crossed generations and continents, died Monday at age 85.”可知，从dePaola去世的消息引入，回顾了他的生平，阐述了他的一些理念，文章的目的就是缅怀、致敬这位不凡的儿童作家。故选D项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。一方面，人们在努力促进塑料回收利用，减少塑料的使用，一方面石油与天然气如果需要获得更多利润，需要生产更多塑料，而塑料的回收意味着利润的减少。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But the truth is that the vast majority of all plastic produced can't be or won't be recycled. In 40 years, less than 10%of plastic has been recycled.”可知但事实是，绝大多数生产的塑料不能或不会被回收利用。在40年里，只有不到10%的塑料被回收。所以百分之百回收塑料的这个目标是不现实的。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But the more plastic is recycled, the less money the industry will make by selling new plastic. And those profits have become increasingly panies have told shareholders（股东）…production overall is now expected to rise three times by 2050,”可知回收的塑料越多，这个行业通过销售新塑料赚的钱就越少。然而这些利润变得越来越重要。公司对股东说在未来几年随着电动汽车的使用，交通运输业中石油和天然气的需求减少，利润会下降。行业领袖预计，未来10年，化工行业对石油和天然气的需求将远远超过运输行业。由此推断，在交通运输业利润减少的情况下，石油和天然气公司为了获取利润，会生产更多塑料。故选C项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子Efforts to reduce plastic use are mounting nationwide可知减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内mounting。 根据前文“The plastics industry officials said the industry is providing money for new technology that they believe will get recycling plastic up to scale.”和“the industry is spending money on advertisements and public relations to promote plastic recycling.”可知塑料产业和石油天然气行业都在促进塑料的回收利用，所以由此推断，减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内“增加”，mounting与A项（increasing）意思相同，故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句话“Efforts to reduce plastic use are mounting nationwide, but any plan to slow the growth of plastic will face an industry with billions of dollars of future profits to lose.”可知减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内展开，但任何减缓塑料增长的计划都将面临某个行业未来会损失数十亿美元利润的局面。而文章也是围绕着这个写的，第一二段着重强调了人们为回收利用塑料所做的努力，第三段提出石油与运输行业利润的减少需要生产更多塑料赚钱，塑料生产的减少意味着利润的损失。第四段总结全文再次强调是要利润还是减少塑料的这个困境。故C项（回收塑料还是卖更多？）最能够概括文章大意。故选C项。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。班纳吉指出，因为电视和电子游戏可以帮穷人远离担心，所以穷人更愿意沉迷于电视和电子游戏而不是学习。班纳吉指出，穷人脱贫的最好办法是当公务员，因为公务员稳定。而且，政府可以通过调整政策来帮助穷人脱贫。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段But learning something often takes a lot of time and money to get rewards, while the poor are often impatient due to economic(经济的）reasons, and their life in the meantime is getting more boring.可知，但是，学东西常常要花大量的时间和金钱才能得到回报，但是因为经济原因，穷人经常缺乏耐心，与此同时，他们的生活就变得更无聊。由此可以看出，在班纳吉看来，穷人需要改善的品质是耐心。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段the poor tend to take higher financial risks-they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get money to start a business from banks, so they rely more on these high-interest loans. And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks.可知，穷人往往承担更高的金融风险，他们收入不稳定，没钱创业，因此他们更依赖这些高息贷款。这些小额贷款减少了他们的风险储蓄。由此可以看出，可能使穷人面临金融风险的是高息贷款。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段In most cases,a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable可知，大多数情况下，更实用的方式是，在政府部门获得一份工作，因为相对而言，政府的工作很稳定。因此，穷人走出贫穷的正确选择是做公务员。故选B。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Banerjee's research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty,so that policies can be tailored to reduce poverty and eventually remove it.可知，班纳吉的研究给政府解决贫困提供了新视角，这样就可以调整政策以减少贫困并最终消除贫困。由此可以看出，政府能通过调整政策来帮助脱贫。故选A。
2020-2022届（三年）高三五月英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2022届湖北省武汉市高三年级五月模拟试题 (一)英语试题
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As we look forward to a more positive 2022 these places should be at the top of your bucket list.
Cannes
When you think France, often Paris comes to mind. Why not leave the romantic city to lovers and journey south to Cannes. This holiday is for people who want to live like the stars for a weekend or two. After settling in head straight to The Promenade de la Croisette. Not only does it offer a beautiful view, you will also feel like celebrities as you wander around the place film stars call home during the Cannes Film Festival.
Ibiza
For the party lovers, you’ll find a home in San Antonio, Ibiza. Start your holiday right with a day party at Usha. With events like Elrow, Tomorrowland and famous singers like Calvin Harris and Duke Dumont the fun never ends. And you can also begin your day at Aiyanna, a restaurant that mixes food with beautiful views. Known for their freshly prepared organic menu, Aiyanna is also the perfect recovery spot on the morning after with your friends.
Amsterdam
Known for its artistic heritage, complex canal system and museums. Amsterdam is packed with adventures waiting to be had. Start your trip right with a canal tour. The history of Amsterdam is closely connected with water, floating down Amsterdam’s canals is one of the most magical and memorable ways to discover the city especially with a glass of wine or two.
Thailand
From the crystal clear waterfalls, the elephant reserves and the full moon parties Thailand offers countless adventures for you. For a trip that’s all about sightseeing, a visit to Wat Pho is a must which is home to the incredible statue, Reclining Buddha. Another must is a trip to The Grand Palace, one of the famous landmarks of Bangkok. The dazzling golden temples have been the official residence of The Kings of Siam since 1782.
1. What can you do in Ibiza
A. Get close to nature. B. Join a party with celebrities.
C. Appreciate art works in museums. D. Have a taste of life as famous people.
2. Where will you go if you want to take a boat trip
A. Cannes. B. Ibiza. C. Amsterdam. D. Thailand.
3. Who is the text intended for
A. Party lovers. B. Artists. C. Adventure seekers. D. Tourists.
B
Above a shining ice pack in the Bering Sea, a helicopter flies over a polar bear, following paw prints in the snow. The bear suddenly appears as a hint of movement, white against white, making its way across the ice. The helicopter goes down, circling over the frightened creature, and a shotgun slides out the window, firing a tranquilizer (镇定剂) into the massive fur-covered bottom. Minutes pass. The bear shows no effects. The helicopter drops for a second shot. This time the bear stands its ground, and the pilot, fearing the animal is about to attack the aircraft, sharply noses the helicopter skyward.
But this bear finally moves unsteadily, then stretches out on the ice like a giant sheep dog. The helicopter sets down, and biologist Gerald Garner advances, kicking the bear in the behind to make sure it is motionless. A swivel (扭动) of its head and a flashing of teeth warn Garner that there is plenty of defiance left in this 272-kg meat-eating creature. With a syringe (注器), he injects more drug. At last the head lowers, and Garner can proceed. Around the bear’s neck he fastens a plastic collar containing a computer that will send data to a satellite, allowing scientists to keep track of the animal for a year. By the time Bear No. 6, 886 raises its head, the helicopter is softly above the air.
Those tense moments were all in a day’s work for Garner, one of a handful of hearty scientists, pilots and technicians taking part in a $700, 000 annual U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service study of polar bear populations. In an effort to follow the fate of more than 600 bears since the start of the program, the researchers have braved wind-chill factors of-59℃, hard living conditions, the constant threat of mechanical failures and the danger of being stuck on an ice pack. Last October two government biologists and a pilot disappeared while following polar bears from the air.
4. What do we know about the first shot
A. It doesn’t work. B. It annoys the bear.
C. It misses the target. D. It frightens the bear.
5. What does the underlined word “defiance” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Resistance. B. Hope. C. Evidence. D. Fear.
6. Which of the following can describe the researchers’ job
A. Well-paid. B. Short-staffed. C. Life-threatening. D. Time-saving.
7. What are Garner and his colleagues doing
A. Rescuing polar bears. B. Tracking polar bears.
C. Hunting for polar bears. D. Rounding up polar bears.
C
Sofia Goggia’s hometown of Bergamo, Italy, gets an average of just 7 centimeters of snow a year. The average temperature is 12°C. But in 2018, Ms. Goggia won the gold medal for downhill skiing in the Winter Olympics. Ragnhild Mowinckel of Norway and Lindsey Vonn of America took silver and bronze. Both live in towns where it snows more than 100 centimeters a year.
In general, cold countries do better at the Winter Olympics. A culture of recreational skiing, skating and snowboarding lends itself to good slopes (斜坡) and training facilities. The more people who participate, the larger the talent pool. The Jamaican bobsleigh (雪橇 ) team never won an Olympic medal: their four-man team’s best result was 14th in 1994. Norway, with a population of just 5. 5m, is a Winter Olympics superpower. It has bagged 368 medals to date, more than any other country. Its climate (more snowy days than any other country in Europe) helps. So, too, does its long tradition of skiing. A survey in 2013 found that 70% of Norwegians own a pair of cross-country skis.
Warmer countries that buck the trend tend to spend big. An analysis in 2021 found that a country’s share of world GDP was the best predictor of Summer Olympic glory. America does exceptionally well at the winter games, too. Italy, Spain and Australia command a higher share of global GDP than the vast majority of countries that compete in the Winter Olympics. They are also the only three countries with average temperatures above 13°C to have won medals.
Since Australia increased funding for its Olympic Committee by over 60% a year in the mid-1990s nearly all its future gold medalists have set up training headquarters in Canada or Europe. The American Olympic Committee helps cover costs for coaching, training, health care and housing. Cash prizes for medalists may also make a difference. Italy pays $214, 000 to athletes who bring home gold; Spain gives them $112, 000. Other countries are more creative. In 2016 Germany gave Olympic medalists a lifetime supply of free beer. South Korean winners are free from national military service. All four countries have punched above their weight at past Winter Olympics.
8. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. A big snow. B. A gifted skier.
C. A surprising result. D. A popular event.
9 What caused Jamaican bobsleigh team’s poor performance
A. Their low spirits. B. Their unrealistic goal.
C. Terrible training methods. D. Insufficient public participation.
10. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Have a high GDP.
B. Get a large talent pool.
C. Perform well in the competition.
D. Spend a fortune in training athletes.
11. What is the text mainly about
A Impacts of climate on winter sports.
B. Great efforts by rich warmer countries.
C. Creative rewards to Olympic medalists.
D. Secrets to success in the Winter Olympics.
D
Concerns have existed long about what’s gone wrong in modern societies. Many scholars explain growing gaps between the haves and the have-nots as partly a by-product of living in large, urban populations. The bigger the crowd, from this perspective, the greater the distance is between the wealthy and those left wanting.
In The Dawn of Everything, David Graeber and David Wengrow challenge the assumption that bigger societies surely produce a range of inequalities. Using examples from past societies, the pair also rejects the popular idea that social development occurred in stages.
Such stages, according to conventional wisdom, began with humans living in small hunter-gatherer bands where everyone was on equal footing. Then an agricultural revolution (变革) about 12, 000 years ago fueled population growth and the appearance of tribes (部落) and eventually states.
This assumption makes no sense to Graeber and Wengrow. Their research, which extends for 526 pages, paints a more hopeful picture of social life over the last 30, 000 to 40, 000 years. Hunter-gatherers have a long history of changing social systems from one season to the next, the authors write. About a century ago, researchers observed that native populations in North America and elsewhere often operated in small, mobile groups for part of the year and formed large, settled communities the rest of the year. For example, each winter, Canada’s Northwest Coast Kwakiutl hunter-gatherers built wooden structures while in summers, they separated, and fished along the coast in less formal social ranks.
Social flexibility and experimentation, rather than a revolutionary shift, also characterized ancient transitions (转变) to agriculture, Graeber and Wengrow write. Middle Eastern village sites now indicate that the domestication (驯化) of crops occurred on and off from around 12, 000 to 9, 000 years ago. Ancient Fertile Crescent communities regularly gave farming a go while still hunting, gathering, fishing, and trading. Early people were in no rush to treat land as private property or to form political systems headed by kings, the authors conclude.
12. What might The Dawn of Everything mainly deal with
A. Historic stages. B. Social inequalities.
C. Historic revolution. D. Social development.
13. What is the conventional idea about human societies
A. They progressed in stages. B. They started with inequality.
C. They began with small tribes. D. They benefited from population growth.
14. How does the author develop Paragraph 4
A. By listing figures. B. By offering examples.
C. By giving a definition. D. By making a comparison.
15. What is a feature of ancient transitions to agriculture according to the book
A. A fixed political system. B. Flexibility of society.
C. A regular revolutionary shift. D. Improvement of crops.
湖北省武汉市2021届高中毕业生五月供题英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The process of finding your best fit in a retirement community has improved dramatically over the past decade. Below are some options that will have you get going on a retirement lifestyle that makes every day seem like a vacation.
Saddle Brooke
Saddle Brooke is an Active Lifestyle Community with excellent restaurants and a Mountain View course for golfers. Saddle Brooke’s Arts Center offers various shows and performances. Fitness centers, basketball and volleyball courts, and swimming pools are just around the corner!
Lakewood Ranch
Lakewood Ranch comprises residential villages, parks, educational institutions, town centers, and a center specializing in brain research and cancer care. For three years running, it’s been the fastest-selling, all-ages community in America.
Dataw Island
Dataw Island provides beautiful mansions (公寓楼)，independent shops and restaurants. There are two golf courses, eight tennis courts, world-class grasslands, and plentiful social clubs. Residents can also enjoy deep sea fishing in minutes.
The Forest at Duke
In the covid-19 era, it’s easy to get lost in separation. But that’s hardly the case at The Forest at Duke, where residents continue to enjoy socially distanced chats with neighbors, the satisfaction of activity in nature, and find belonging in their new home.
1. For whom is this text written
A. Officials. B. Retirees. C. Teachers. D. Travelers.
2. Which community has a medical research centre
A. Dataw Island. B. Saddle Brooke.
C. Lakewood Ranch. D. The Forest at Duke.
3. What do Saddle Brooke and Dataw Island have in common
A. They provide sports facilities.
B. They offer art performance.
C. They feature nature activities.
D. They suit shopping convenience.
B
As a child, Paolo Fanciulli was attracted by underwater abandoned ships , particularly the fish and seagrass that lived in them. But in the past decade , his job as a fisherman has grown harder, as trawling ( 用拖网捕鱼) near the coast has been destroying the Mediterranean ecosystem.“The nets are weighed down with heavy chains to be dragged on the sea bottom, so they uproot the seagrass that is key to the Mediterranean ecosystem" he said.
While Italian law bans trawling within 5.5km of the coast, it's so profitable that it's not uncommon for boats to carry on illegally at night.
In 2006, a desperate Tuscan government dropped concrete blocks into the sea to interrupt the trawlers. Fanciulli said they didn't work as they were too far apart and the nets simply dragged between them. He then began to wonder: what if, instead of dropping concrete blocks into the water, he dropped art He asked a mine in nearby Carrara to donate two marble (大理石) blocks to make sculptures. They donated 100 instead.
Through word of mouth , contributions and online crowdfunding, Fanciulli persuaded artists including Giorgio Butini and Beverly Pepper to carve sculptures from the marble.Then he took them to sea and lowered them in. The underwater sculptures create both a physical brier for nets and a unique underwater museum.
The“museum”appears to be having some effects gradually. Although 10 years ago the seagrass was disappearing, it is now growing back. The statues also deserve credit for helping to preserve the fishing industry by protecting the fish resources because the nursery areas of various commercial fish species are below the coast. All kinds of undersea life appears to be returning. Seagrass covers the statues, shellfish has taken up residence, and more dolphins have been seen.
Fanciulli hopes to build on the museum's success.“We put in the first statues in 2007 but our goal is to reach 100,”he said, sensing an opportunity.
4. What has made Fanciulli's job grow harder
A. An illegal fishing practice.
B. The declining fishing industry.
C. The concrete blocks underwater.
D. The increasing number of fishermen.
5. What does Fancilli mean by“dropped art”in paragraph 3
A. Establishing an art museum.
B. Removing the concrete blocks.
C. Appealing for artists' donation.
D. Laying sculptures under the sea.
6. Which of the following can best describe Fanciulli's measure
A. Fruitless. B. Doubtful.
C. Conventional. D. Rewarding.
7. What's the text mainly about
A. Benefits brought by fine arts.
B. Harm trawling does to marine life.
C. Efforts by a fisherman to protect sea life.
D. Attempts by artists to preserve biodiversity.
C
New fences, fresh floor coverings and plenty of paint; home improvement has become the national amusements to kill time during the pandemic (疫情) as the nation has spent more time at home and rediscovered a passion for DIY after a decade of decline. The close down of pubs,restaurants and sporting fields, financial pressures and the need to adapt houses and flats to deal with changed circumstances, started a trend in DIY this year, particularly among 18 to 34-year-olds.
After years of falling sales, store close down and cost-cutting, B&Q -the DIY chain is hoping the tide may finally have changed its tough situation. Kingfisher, the parent company of B&Q, is investing in digital marketing, home delivery and new products to attract the imagination of the young generation.
Thierry Gamier, chief executive (总裁) of Kingfisher, has plenty of data to prove how consumers warmed to DIY again in 2020. It began in the spring with painting fences and decorating walls or cars. Sales of pressure washers increased by 80% at B&Q. People then moved on to gardening, setting up home offices and entertaining outdoors.
It has been the same story in some other countries. Demand for fencing, decorating wooden cabins in continental Europe and the us has put such a stress on wood supply chains that sawmill (锯木厂) and producers are working hard to tackle the problem. Paint supplier to B&Q are concentrating on the most popular shades, reducing the product range so they can keep up with the demand for high volumes.
But the big focus is on digital. As demand for home shopping rocketed during the pandemic, B&Q began using its stores to help pick and pack home deliveries. The group now handles 1.5 million orders a week. Online now accounts for 17% of sales -up from 8% before the pandemic and Gamier hopes to expand further.
8. Why did DIY regain popularity in 2020
A. Pandemic made it a national pastime.
B. The DIY chain tried to please the public.
C Stores offered a discount on DIY materials.
D. Public faculties failed to meet people's needs.
9. What can we infer about the comeback of DIY
A. It will soon go quiet again.
B. It's welcomed only by youth.
C. It has taken the world by storm.
D. It offers companies chances to recover.
10. What is B&Q's solution to the pressure from sales boom
A. Narrowing the product range.
B. Specializing in new products.
C. Focusing on digital products only.
D. Using stores to handle home deliveries.
11. What's Gamier's opinion about the prospect of online sales
A. Uncertain B. Confident.
C. Pessimistic. D. Cautious
D
Russell Warne has spent many hours examining college psychology textbooks. As a professor of psychology at Utah Valley University , he wasn't looking for insight, but for mistakes一and he found plenty. Some of the worst concerned IQ tests. “ The most common inaccuracy I found, by far, was the claim that intelligence tests are biased against certain groups,”he says. Yet intelligence researchers are at pains to ensure that IQ tests are fair and not culturally biased.“Another very common one was the idea that intelligence is difficult to measure."
No wonder IQ tests often cause disagreements. But that simply isn't the case.“ Despite the criticism, the intelligence test is one of the most reliable tests ever invented," says Rex Jung at the University of New Mexico. Nevertheless , you shouldn't trust the kind of 10-minute test that might pop up in your Facebook feed.
A comprehensive IQ test takes over an hour and is ideally administered by a professional examiner. It is designed to assess precisely those cognitive (认知的) skills that constitute intelligence, so consists of a series of subtests that cover reasoning, mental processing speed, spatial (空间的) ability and more. Shorter IQ tests, assessing fewer of these skills, can still provide a general indication of someone's mental abilities ，however, because the nature of intelligence means that someone who scores highly on one type of cognitive test will also do comparatively well on others.
However, particular applications of IQ tests have faced a thorough inspection. A common criticism of using them to select job applicants is that they only measure certain cognitive skills.They don't scientifically measure creativity, for instance. Neither do they measure personality, which tends to make for reliable and hard-working employees一or ability to get on with other people. However, it is rare for examiners to test IQ independently: candidates might be given a personality test too and a practical exercise to assess job-related skills. They usually also have to name several professionals to judge.
12. What does the underlined words“biased against" in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Unfamiliar to. B. Irrelevant to
C. Unfavorable for. D. Irresponsible for.
13. What does Rex Jung think of the intelligence tests
A. They are inaccurate
B. They are trustworthy.
C. They are properly used.
D. They are precisely designed.
14. What can we infer about IQ tests in the last paragraph
A. They are rarely accepted.
B. They are heavily criticized.
C. They may still be employed.
D. They can motivate creativity.
15. What can be the best title of the passage
A. Do IQ tests really work
B. Applications of IQ tests.
C. Misinformation in textbooks.
D. Can IQ tests shape personality
2020届湖北省武汉市高中毕业生五月质量检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
USA TODAY 10Best's Readers Choice Awards are currently on hold.We asked our readers to vote for the top events across six categories:music,general food,specialty food,film,cultural and emerging industries(founded in the past five years).These are some of the winners:
Kutztown Folk Festival
The nine-day Kutztown Folk Festival is the nation's oldest continuously operated folk life festival,drawing visitors from around the globe.A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes America's largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and folk artists,local food and family friendly entertainment.
Water Lantern Festival
The Water Lantern Festival is all about connections.Magical nights in cities across the US include food,live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.
Carnaval of Quebec
The Quebec Carnaval is a 10-day festival of winter,the world's largest,complete with nighl parades(庆祝游行），ice skating,snow sculptures and a towering ice palace.Other highlighls include ice canoe racing,a sugar shack and iconic Caribou drinks.
San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade
San Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade since just after the Gold Rush.The parade ranks among the best in the world, with 100 units,fancy costumes,fireworks and a 268-foot Golden Dragon,which takes a team of 100 men and women to march through the streets.It has become one of the largest events of its kind in the world,drawing some three million spectators and television viewers.
1. What can you see during Kutztown Folk Festival
A. Modern arts.
B. Quilts for sale.
C. Traditional weddings.
D. Shows on stage.
2. Which festival is meant to promote interpersonal relationships
A. Kutztown Folk Festival.
B. Carnaval of Quebec.
C. Water Lantern Festival.
D. San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade.
3. Carnaval of Quebec and San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade both..
A. include special food
B. relate to parades
C. take place only at nights
D. have sculpture exhibitions
B
The beloved children's author Tomie dePaola,who was born in Connecticut on September 15,1934 and whose imaginative and warm-hearted works crossed generations and continents, died Monday at age 85.His death was announced,without details,on social media by his assistant,Bob Hechtel.
DePaola's works covered many areas of his imagination,from a magical tale centered on a kind and caring Calabrian grandmother-Strega Nona,which won the Caldecott Honor Award in 1976-to retelling the inspiring Comanche story of The Legend of the Bluebonnet.In 2000, he won a Newbery Honor for his book 26 Fairmount Avenue,which described his early childhood.Quiet,published in 1980s,is one of his bestselling books.By dePaola's own count,he worked on some 270 books-the first in 1965,and the most recent published last year.
In 2011,he won a lifetime prize,the Children's Literature Legacy Award,which praised his ＂considerable and lasting contribution to literature for children".In all,nearly 25 million copies of his books have been sold around the world.
Along with his work as an author,dePaola taught art and theater at various colleges in California,Massachusetts and New Hampshire.For many years,he made his home in New London,N.H.
In 1998,dePaola told a radio reporter that he hoped to recognize children for all their natural abilities."As a grown-up,"he said,"I want to give children the credit for everything I can:their courage,their humor,their love,their intellectual abilities,their abilities to be fair, their abilities to be unfair.But I do wish that we grown-ups would give children lots of credit for these temporary kinds of qualities that they have."
4. Which of the following best describes all DePaola's works
A. Inspiring.
B. Magic.
C. Adventurous.
D. Imaginative.
5. Which of the following books reflects dePaola's own life
A. Quiet.
B. Strega Nona.
C. 26 Fairmount Avenue.
D. The Legend of the Bluebonnet.
6. What did dePaola think children needed
A. Adults'approval.
B. Various abilities.
C. Major improvement.
D. Superior qualities.
7. What's the purpose of writing the text
A. To announce bad news.
B. To praise a great artist.
C. To recognize a famous writer.
D. To mourn a distinguished man.
C
For decades,Americans have been sorting their trash believing that most plastic could be recycled.But the truth is that the vast majority of all plastic produced can't be or won't be recycled.In 40 years,less than 10% of plastic has been recycled.
A news programme Frontline,by NPR and the PBS,found that oil and gas companies- the makers of plastic-have known that all along,even as they spent millions of dollars telling the American public the opposite.The plastics industry officials said the industry is providing money for new technology that they believe will get recycling plastic up to scale.The goal,they said,is to recycle 100% of the plastic they make in 5 years.
But the more plastic is recycledthe less money the industry will make by selling new plastic.And those profits have become increasingly panies have told shareholders（股东）that profits from using oil and gas for transport are expected to decline in coming years with the increasing use of electric cars.The industry leaders expect oil and gas demands from the chemical industry will be much greater than the demand from the transport side in the coming decade.Plastic production overall is now expected to rise three times by 2050,and once again,the industry is spending money on advertisements and public relations to promote plastic recycling.
Plastic is now more common than it's ever been and harder to recycle.Gas prices remain at historic lows,making new plastic cheaper than recycled plastic.And the industry now produces many more different-and more complex-kinds of plastics that are more costly to sort and in many cases can't be recycled at all.Efforts to reduce plastic use are mounting nationwide,but any plan to slow the growth of plastic will face an industry with billions of dollars of future profits to lose.
8 What do we know about the goal of 100%plastic recycling
A. It's modest.
B. It's achievable.
C It's urgent.
D. It's unreal.
9. How will the oil and gas companies make more profits in the following years
A. By selling electric cars.
B. By adding emphasis on recycling.
C. By increasing plastic production.
D. By meeting the needs of transport.
10. What does the underlined word"mounting"in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Increasing.
B. Working.
C. Failing.
D. Decreasing.
11. What may be the best title for the text
A. Should Plastic Be Recycled
B. Can Plastic Waste Be Handled
C. Recycle Plastic or Sell More
D. Plastic Products or Substitutes
D
Why is poverty so difficult to overcome Why are poorer people less likely to spend money on their own learning and ability development,but more likely to be addicted to television and video games
In the past,a poor person was normally considered to have bad virtue or have no ambition. The Nobel Prize winner Banerjee corrects such views and explains the truth behind the poor. Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives,he said,so they need tools such as televisions,cell phones,junk food and video games to get rid of worries more than others.But learning something often takes a lot of time and money to get rewards,while the poor are often impatient due to economic(经济的）reasons,and their life in the meantime is getting more boring.
Banerjee's research has found that the poor often need to borrow short-term loans(贷款）.Thus,the poor tend to take higher financial risks-they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get money to start a business from banks,so they rely more on these high-interest loans.And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks.
How could the poor step into the middle class Maybe starting a business is a way out.But for the extremely poor,it's impossible to get help from banks to start a business.In most cases,a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable,which give the poor the opportunities lo be hired for the long term,to increase the“bandwidth(带宽）”of their thinking,and thus making it possible for families to move from poverty to the middle class.
What's the role of government then When the market can't solve a problem,the government will solve it.And the problem behind the poor is actually the failure of the market. The poor often lack the necessary information to make the right choices and they often carry too much responsibility for their survival to make the best choices.In this sense,Banerjee's research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty,so that policies can be tailored to reduce poverty and eventually remove it.
12. What do the poor need to improve their ability according to Banerjee
A. Ambition.
B. Money.
C. Guidance.
D. Patience.
13. What will probably cause the poor to face financial risks
A. The high-interest loans.
B. Their small incomes.
C. The financial policies.
D. Their educational backgrounds.
14. What may be a right choice for the poor to get out of poverty
A. Setting a high goal..
B. Working as civil servants.
C. Opening their mind.
D. Seeking support from banks.
15. What can the government do to get rid of poverty
A. Adjust the policy.
B. Control the market.
C. Do more research.
D. Offer enough information.
答案：
2022届湖北省武汉市高三年级五月模拟试题 (一)英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是四个旅游目的地的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ibiza部分的“For the party lovers, you’ll find a home in San Antonio, Ibiza. Start your holiday right with a day party at Usha. With events like Elrow, Tomorrowland and famous singers like Calvin Harris and Duke Dumont the fun never ends.(对于派对爱好者来说，你会在伊比沙岛的圣安东尼奥找到一个家。以Usha白天的一场派对开始你的假期。像Elrow、Tomorrowland这样的活动，以及Calvin Harris和Duke Dumont这样的著名歌手，乐趣永远不会结束。)”可知，在Ibiza你可以和名人一起参加派对，故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Amsterdam部分的“Start your trip right with a canal tour. The history of Amsterdam is closely connected with water, floating down Amsterdam’s canals is one of the most magical and memorable ways to discover the city especially with a glass of wine or two.(就从运河之旅开始吧。阿姆斯特丹的历史与水紧密相连，沿着阿姆斯特丹的运河漂流是探索这座城市最神奇、最难忘的方式之一，尤其是喝上一两杯葡萄酒。)”可知，如果你想乘船旅行，你会去阿姆斯特丹。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“As we look forward to a more positive 2022 these places should be at the top of your bucket list.(当我们期待一个更加积极的2022年的时候，这些地方应该在你的人生愿望清单上名列前茅。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是四个旅游目的地的相关信息，因此这篇文章是专门针对游客的，故选D。
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述Garner和他的同事们在恶劣的条件下，仍然追踪研究北极熊的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Minutes pass. The bear shows no effects.(几分钟过去了，熊没有表现出任何反应)”可知，第一次射击没有起作用。故选A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“A swivel (扭动) of its head and a flashing of teeth warn Garner that there is plenty of defiance left in this 272-kg meat-eating creature.(它转动的头和牙齿的闪烁警告Garner这个272公斤重的食肉动物还有很多的defiance)”可知，defiance是名词，表示熊当时的状态，因为它的头还在一直动，并且牙齿在闪烁，说明这只熊当时对Garner很反抗，所以defiance的意思是“反抗”，和A选项意思一致。故选A。
6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This time the bear stands its ground, and the pilot, fearing the animal is about to attack the aircraft, sharply noses the helicopter skyward.(这一次，北极熊还一直站立着，飞行员担心北极熊会攻击飞机，急忙把直升机向天空冲)、第二段“The helicopter sets down, and biologist Gerald Garner advances, kicking the bear in the behind to make sure it is motionless.(直升机降落下来，生物学家Gerald Garner走近了一点，踢了一脚熊的后背，以确保它是不动的)”、第二段“this 272-kg meat-eating creature(这个272公斤重的食肉动物)”和最后一段“In an effort to follow the fate of more than 600 bears since the start of the program, the researchers have braved wind-chill factors of-59℃, hard living conditions, the constant threat of mechanical failures and the danger of being stuck on an ice pack. Last October two government biologists and a pilot disappeared while following polar bears from the air.(自该项目开始以来，为了追踪600多只北极熊的命运，研究人员冒着零下59摄氏度的寒风，恶劣的生活条件，机械故障的持续威胁和被困在冰层上的危险。去年10月，两名政府生物学家和一名飞行员在追踪北极熊时失踪)”可知，研究者们的工作是非常危险的，甚至是威胁到生命安全的。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In an effort to follow the fate of more than 600 bears since the start of the program, the researchers have braved wind-chill factors of-59℃, hard living conditions, the constant threat of mechanical failures and the danger of being stuck on an ice pack.(自该项目开始以来，为了追踪600多只北极熊的命运，研究人员冒着零下59摄氏度的寒风，恶劣的生活条件，机械故障的持续威胁和被困在冰层上的危险)”可知，Garner和他的同事们在追踪北极熊。故选B。
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了某些国家运动员在冬奥会上取得成功的奥秘。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sofia Goggia’s hometown of Bergamo, Italy, gets an average of just 7 centimeters of snow a year. The average temperature is 12°C. But in 2018, Ms. Goggia won the gold medal for downhill skiing in the Winter Olympics. Ragnhild Mowinckel of Norway and Lindsey Vonn of America took silver and bronze. Both live in towns where it snows more than 100 centimeters a year. (Sofia Goggia的家乡意大利贝加莫，每年的平均降雪量只有7厘米。平均温度为12℃。但在2018年，Goggia赢得了冬奥会速降滑雪项目的金牌。挪威选手莫文克尔和美国选手沃恩分别获得银牌和铜牌。两人都居住在每年降雪量超过100厘米的城镇。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是冬奥会速降滑雪项目的结果是令人惊讶的，因为出生在每年的平均降雪量只有7厘米的意大利选手获得冠军。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The more people who participate, the larger the talent pool. The Jamaican bobsleigh (雪橇 ) team never won an Olympic medal: their four-man team’s best result was 14th in 1994. (参与的人越多，人才库就越大。牙买加雪橇队从未获得过奥运奖牌：他们的四人雪橇队的最好成绩是1994年的第14名。)”可知，牙买加雪橇队表现不佳的原因是公众参与不足。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句后文“An analysis in 2021 found that a country’s share of world GDP was the best predictor of Summer Olympic glory. (2021年的一项分析发现，一个国家在世界GDP中所占的份额是夏季奥运会荣耀的最佳预测指标。)”说明一个国家在世界GDP中所占的份额越高，往往奥运会取得的成绩越好，从而推知划线词句“Warmer countries that buck the trend tend to spend big. (气候偏暖的buck the trend的国家则倾向于大量花钱。)”其中划线短语指的是“在比赛中成绩好，表现出色”。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中“In general, cold countries do better at the Winter Olympics. (总的来说，寒冷的国家在冬奥会上表现更好。)”、第三段中“Warmer countries that buck the trend tend to spend big. (气候偏暖的国家则倾向于大量花钱。)”等内容可知，这篇文章主要讲述了某些国家在冬奥会上取得成功的奥秘。故选D项。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍并评论了《万物的黎明》这本书。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In The Dawn of Everything, David Graeber and David Wengrow challenge the assumption that bigger societies surely produce a range of inequalities. Using examples from past societies, the pair also rejects the popular idea that social development occurred in stages. (在《万物的黎明》中，大卫·格雷伯和大卫·文格罗挑战了一个假设，即更大的社会肯定会产生一系列的不平等。他们还用过去社会的例子，驳斥了社会发展是分阶段发生的这一流行观点。)”可知，《万物黎明》的主要内容是有关社会发展的。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Using examples from past societies, the pair also rejects the popular idea that social development occurred in stages. (他们还用过去社会的例子，驳斥了社会发展是分阶段发生的这一流行观点。)”可知，关于人类社会的传统观念是它们是分阶段进行的。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“For example, each winter, Canada’s Northwest Coast Kwakiutl hunter-gatherers built wooden structures while in summers, they separated, and fished along the coast in less formal social ranks. (例如，每年冬天，加拿大西北海岸Kwakiutl狩猎采采者会建造木结构，而在夏天，他们会分开，以不那么正式的社会阶层沿着海岸捕鱼。)”可知，作者在第4段是通过举例展开的。故选B项。
15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Social flexibility and experimentation, rather than a revolutionary shift, also characterized ancient transitions (转变) to agriculture, Graeber and Wengrow write. (Graeber和Wengrow写道，社会的灵活性和实验性，而不是革命性的转变，也是古代向农业过渡的特征。)”可知，根据这本书，古代向农业过渡的特点是社会的灵活性。故选B项。
湖北省武汉市2021届高中毕业生五月供题英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章为退休人员介绍了四个适合退休生活的社区。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The process of finding your best fit in a retirement community has improved dramatically over the past decade. Below are some options that will have you get going on a retirement lifestyle that makes every day seem like a vacation. (在过去的十年里，在退休社区中找到最适合自己的过程有了显著的改善。下面是一些可以让你过上退休生活的选择，让你每天都像是在度假)”可推知，这篇文章是为退休人员写的。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Lakewood Ranch中“Lakewood Ranch comprises residential villages, parks, educational institutions, town centers, and a center specializing in brain research and cancer care. (莱克伍德牧场由居住村庄、公园、教育机构、城镇中心和一个专门从事脑科研究和癌症治疗的中心组成)”可知，莱克伍德牧场社区有一个医学研究中心。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Saddle Brooke中“Fitness centers, basketball and volleyball courts, and swimming pools are just around the corner! (健身中心、篮球场、排球场和游泳池都在附近)”和Dataw Island中“There are two golf courses, eight tennis courts, world-class grasslands, and plentiful social clubs.(这里有两个高尔夫球场，八个网球场，世界级的草地和大量的社交俱乐部)”可知，Saddle Brooke社区和Dataw岛社区的共同之处在于它们都提供运动设施。故选A项。
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲拖网捕鱼对生态系统产生了不良的影响，Paolo Fanciull，一个渔夫想出来一个方法来解决：在海底放置大理石雕塑，改善了生态系统。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But in the past decade , his job as a fisherman has grown harder, as trawling ( 用拖网捕鱼) near the coast has been destroying the Mediterranean ecosystem.“The nets are weighed down with heavy chains to be dragged on the sea bottom, so they uproot the seagrass that is key to the Mediterranean ecosystem" he said. ”（ 但在过去的十年里，他作为渔民的工作变得越来越困难，因为在海岸附近拖网捕鱼破坏了地中海的生态系统。他说：“渔网被沉重的链条拖到海底，因此它们连根拔起了对地中海生态系统至关重要的海草。”）以及第二段“While Italian law bans trawling within 5.5km of the coast, it's so profitable that it's not uncommon for boats to carry on illegally at night.”（ 尽管意大利法律禁止在海岸5.5公里范围内进行拖网捕鱼，但这是如此有利可图，以至于船只在夜间进行非法活动并不罕见。）由此可知，拖网捕鱼，一种违法行为使Fanciulli的工作变得越来越难，故选A。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文“He asked a mine in nearby Carrara to donate two marble (大理石) blocks to make sculptures. ”（ 他请求卡拉拉附近的矿山捐赠两块大理石用于雕刻。）以及第四段“Through word of mouth , contributions and online crowdfunding, Fanciulli persuaded artists including Giorgio Butini and Beverly Pepper to carve sculptures from the marble.Then he took them to sea and lowered them in. The underwater sculptures create both a physical brier for nets and a unique underwater museum. ”（通过口口相传、捐款和在线众筹，法胡利说服了乔治·布蒂尼(Giorgio Butini)和贝弗利·佩珀(Beverly Pepper)等艺术家用大理石雕刻雕像。然后他把他们带到海里，放下去。这些水下雕塑为渔网创造了一个物理的荆棘和一个独特的水下博物馆。）由此可推断上文意思是代替往海里扔混凝土，而是放置雕塑。故猜测“dropped art”意为“在海底放置雕塑”，故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“The ‘museum’ appears to be having some effects gradually. … All kinds of undersea life appears to be returning. Seagrass covers the statues, shellfish has taken up residence, and more dolphins have been seen.”（“博物馆”似乎正在逐渐发挥一些作用。虽然10年前海草正在消失，但现在又重新长出来了。这些雕像还因为保护了鱼类资源而帮助保护了捕鱼业，因为各种商业鱼类的苗圃都在海岸下面。各种海底生物似乎都在回归。海草覆盖着雕像，贝类在这里定居，越来越多的海豚被发现。）由此可推断出Fanciulli的方法起作用了，所以是Rewarding（值得的）。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“ ‘The nets are weighed down with heavy chains to be dragged on the sea bottom, so they uproot the seagrass that is key to the Mediterranean ecosystem’ he said. ”（他说：“渔网被沉重的链条拖到海底，因此它们连根拔起了对地中海生态系统至关重要的海草。”），第三段“He then began to wonder: what if, instead of dropping concrete blocks into the water, he dropped art ”（ 然后他开始思考：如果他不是把混凝土块扔进水里，而是把艺术品扔进水里会怎么样 ）以及第六段“The ‘museum’ appears to be having some effects gradually.”（ “博物馆”似乎正在逐渐发挥一些作用。）由此可知，文章主要讲拖网捕鱼对生态系统产生了不良的影响，Paolo Fanciull，一个渔夫想出来一个方法来解决：在海底放置大理石雕塑，改善了生态系统。因此C选项“一个渔民保护海洋生物的努力。”符合主旨大意，故选C。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了疫情使装修家居DIY在2020年重新流行起来，为企业提供了复苏的机会，百安居的母公司翠鸟集团就是一个例子。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“home improvement has become the national amusements to kill time during the pandemic (疫情) as the nation has spent more time at home and rediscovered a passion for DIY after a decade of decline. (随着人们有更多的时间待在家里，并且在经历了十年的衰落后重新找回了DIY的热情，装修家居已成为疫情期间消磨时间的全国性娱乐活动)”可知，装修家居DIY在2020年重新流行起来，因为疫情使它成为全国性的消遣。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“After years of falling sales, store close down and cost-cutting, B&Q -the DIY chain is hoping the tide may finally have changed its tough situation. (在经历了多年的销售额下降、门店关闭和成本削减之后，百安居——这个DIY连锁店希望这股潮流最终能改变其艰难的处境)”可知，装修家居DIY的回归为企业提供了复苏的机会。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As demand for home shopping rocketed during the pandemic, B&Q began using its stores to help pick and pack home deliveries. (在疫情期间，由于对居家购物的需求激增，百安居开始利用其门店帮助送货上门)”可知，百安居利用门店来处理送货上门以应对销售热潮带来的压力。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Online now accounts for 17% of sales -up from 8% before the pandemic and Gamier hopes to expand further. (网络销售额现在占总销售额的17%，比大流行前的8%有所上升，Gamier希望进一步扩大)”可知，Gamier对在线销售的前景充满了自信。故选B项。
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为虽然智商测试遭到很多质疑，但是因为其专业性、精确性和与其它测试结合的全面性，智商测试依然是可靠的。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第四句“Yet intelligence researchers are at pains to ensure that IQ tests are fair and not culturally biased.”(然而，智力研究人员正在努力确保智商测试是公平的而且没有文化偏见。)中的yet可知，此处是指尽管Russell Warne认为智商测试对某些群体是有偏见的这种说法是不准确的，但是智力研究人员还是正在努力确保智商测试是公平的而且没有文化偏见。所以biased against意为“对……有偏见”，也就是“不利于”。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Despite the criticism, the intelligence test is one of the most reliable tests ever invented”(尽管受到了批评，智力测验还是有史以来最可靠的测验之一)可知，Rex Jung认为智力测验是值得信赖的。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“However, it is rare for examiners to test IQ independently: candidates might be given a personality test too and a practical exercise to assess job-related skills. They usually also have to name several professionals to judge.”(然而，考官独立测试智商的情况并不多见：考生可能也会接受一次人格测试和一次实践练习，以评估与工作相关的技能。他们通常还得让几个专业人士来判断。)可知，智商测试会结合其它测试来评估与工作相关的技能，所以准确度相对较高，评估较全面，因此可能仍然会被使用。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段提出Russell Warne认为对智商测试的一些负面评价是不准确的，第二段提出虽然智商测试经常引起分歧，但它依然是可靠的，第三段提出智商测试是很专业的，精确度很高，第四段提出虽然智商测试在一些特殊应用上受到质疑，但是因为会结合其它方面的测试，所以依然是可靠的。所以整篇文章是在讨论智商测试是否真的有用。故选A。
2020届湖北省武汉市高中毕业生五月质量检测英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了《今日美国》评选的十佳读者选择奖，列举了几个榜上有名的重大事件和活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A celebration of Pennsylvania Dutch culture and heritage,the event includes America's largest quilt sale,200 craftsmen and folk artists,local food and family friendly entertainment.”可知，在这一节庆活动中包括全美最大型的被子展销。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The Water Lantern Festival is all about connections.Magical nights in cities across the US include food,live music and the beauty of thousands of lanterns decorated with letters of love, hope and dreams floating on the water.”可知，这一节庆活动中，人们可以通过灯笼来传达各种感情，借此增进人与人之间的联系。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“the world's largest,complete with nighl parades(庆祝游行）”和第五段中“San Francisco has celebrated its Chinese heritage during its annual Chinese New Year Festival&Parade”可知，两个事件中都有游行活动。故选B项。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明为。文章介绍了了前不久去世的“美国绘本之父” Tomie dePaola的生平事迹。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The beloved children's author Tomie dePaola,who was born in Connecticut on September 15,1934 and whose imaginative and warm-hearted works crossed generations and continents”可知，dePaola的作品最大的特点就是富有想象力且温馨，这一点在下文中也有提到。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2000, he won a Newbery Honor for his book 26 Fairmount Avenue,which described his early childhood.”可知，在26 Fairmount Avenue这本书中dePaola描写了自己的童年，即反映了自己的生活经历，符合题意。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“But I do wish that we grown-ups would give children lots of credit for these temporary kinds of qualities that they have.”可知，但我希望我们这些成年人能够因为孩子们所拥有的这些暂时的品质而给予他们更多的信任。”由此判断出在他看来，大人们的认可是孩子们最需要的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。文章主题较为清晰，根据第一段“The beloved children's author Tomie dePaola,who was born in Connecticut on September 15,1934 and whose imaginative and warm-hearted works crossed generations and continents, died Monday at age 85.”可知，从dePaola去世的消息引入，回顾了他的生平，阐述了他的一些理念，文章的目的就是缅怀、致敬这位不凡的儿童作家。故选D项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。一方面，人们在努力促进塑料回收利用，减少塑料的使用，一方面石油与天然气如果需要获得更多利润，需要生产更多塑料，而塑料的回收意味着利润的减少。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But the truth is that the vast majority of all plastic produced can't be or won't be recycled. In 40 years, less than 10%of plastic has been recycled.”可知但事实是，绝大多数生产的塑料不能或不会被回收利用。在40年里，只有不到10%的塑料被回收。所以百分之百回收塑料的这个目标是不现实的。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But the more plastic is recycled, the less money the industry will make by selling new plastic. And those profits have become increasingly panies have told shareholders（股东）…production overall is now expected to rise three times by 2050,”可知回收的塑料越多，这个行业通过销售新塑料赚的钱就越少。然而这些利润变得越来越重要。公司对股东说在未来几年随着电动汽车的使用，交通运输业中石油和天然气的需求减少，利润会下降。行业领袖预计，未来10年，化工行业对石油和天然气的需求将远远超过运输行业。由此推断，在交通运输业利润减少的情况下，石油和天然气公司为了获取利润，会生产更多塑料。故选C项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子Efforts to reduce plastic use are mounting nationwide可知减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内mounting。 根据前文“The plastics industry officials said the industry is providing money for new technology that they believe will get recycling plastic up to scale.”和“the industry is spending money on advertisements and public relations to promote plastic recycling.”可知塑料产业和石油天然气行业都在促进塑料的回收利用，所以由此推断，减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内“增加”，mounting与A项（increasing）意思相同，故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句话“Efforts to reduce plastic use are mounting nationwide, but any plan to slow the growth of plastic will face an industry with billions of dollars of future profits to lose.”可知减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内展开，但任何减缓塑料增长的计划都将面临某个行业未来会损失数十亿美元利润的局面。而文章也是围绕着这个写的，第一二段着重强调了人们为回收利用塑料所做的努力，第三段提出石油与运输行业利润的减少需要生产更多塑料赚钱，塑料生产的减少意味着利润的损失。第四段总结全文再次强调是要利润还是减少塑料的这个困境。故C项（回收塑料还是卖更多？）最能够概括文章大意。故选C项。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。班纳吉指出，因为电视和电子游戏可以帮穷人远离担心，所以穷人更愿意沉迷于电视和电子游戏而不是学习。班纳吉指出，穷人脱贫的最好办法是当公务员，因为公务员稳定。而且，政府可以通过调整政策来帮助穷人脱贫。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段But learning something often takes a lot of time and money to get rewards, while the poor are often impatient due to economic(经济的）reasons, and their life in the meantime is getting more boring.可知，但是，学东西常常要花大量的时间和金钱才能得到回报，但是因为经济原因，穷人经常缺乏耐心，与此同时，他们的生活就变得更无聊。由此可以看出，在班纳吉看来，穷人需要改善的品质是耐心。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段the poor tend to take higher financial risks-they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get money to start a business from banks, so they rely more on these high-interest loans. And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks.可知，穷人往往承担更高的金融风险，他们收入不稳定，没钱创业，因此他们更依赖这些高息贷款。这些小额贷款减少了他们的风险储蓄。由此可以看出，可能使穷人面临金融风险的是高息贷款。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段In most cases,a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable可知，大多数情况下，更实用的方式是，在政府部门获得一份工作，因为相对而言，政府的工作很稳定。因此，穷人走出贫穷的正确选择是做公务员。故选B。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Banerjee's research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty,so that policies can be tailored to reduce poverty and eventually remove it.可知，班纳吉的研究给政府解决贫困提供了新视角，这样就可以调整政策以减少贫困并最终消除贫困。由此可以看出，政府能通过调整政策来帮助脱贫。故选A。