重要单词
1.dare modal verb 胆敢，敢于
【相关用法】
(1)dare用作情态动词时，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后。
例：I don’t know whether he dare try.我不知道他是否敢尝试一下。
(2)dare用作实义动词时，其后多接带to的动词不定式，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，也可用于非谓语动词形式或完成时态等。
例：We don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to.如果她不要求，我们连一句话也不敢说。(3)I (3)dare say“大概，很可能，我想”， 表示的是一种不肯定的语气。
例：I dare say that you are right. 我想你是对的。
2.typical adj.典型的，有代表性的
【相关词汇】typically adv.___________________be typical of_________________；
例：This advertisement is a typical example of their marketing strategy.
这则广告是他们营销策略的一个典型例子。
【巩固练习】
1.It was typical_____________him to be so merciless.
2.______________(typical), he would come late and then say that he had to go early.
3.suffer v．(身体或精神上)受苦
【相关词汇】suffering n._________________suffer from__________________
例：To our surprise, the company suffered great losses.令我们惊奇的是，这家公司遭受了巨大损失。
【名师指津】 (1)suffer 后常接痛苦(pain)、寒冷(cold)、饥饿(hunger)、损失(loss)等抽象名词。
(2)suffer from 后常接疾病的名称或造成不幸、痛苦的事物的名称。
【巩固练习】
1.________________(suffer)from heart trouble for years, Professor White must take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
2.The old man is said to have gone through varieties of_____________(suffer) during the war.
4.symbol n．象征，标志
【相关词汇】the symbol of __________________the symbol for_______________
例：From this point, beauty is “symbol of freedom”. 从这个意义而言，美是“自由的象征”。
White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures.在西方文化中，白色一直是纯洁的象征。
What is the chemical symbol for copper 铜的化学符号是什么？
【辨析比较】symbol, signal, mark
symbol“象征，符号”，常指作为象征意义的特殊事物，尤指用有形的实物代表抽象的实体
signal“信号，暗号”，侧重指声音或动作的暗示
mark指为了易于辨认而做的“记号”或在某一物体上留下的“痕迹”，也有“分数”之意
【巩固练习】选择上述单词填空
1.In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ________for everyone to stand up.
2.Red is a______________of good luck in many cultures.
3.I put a_____________ in the margin to remind me to check the figure.
5.related adj.有关系的，相关的
【相关词汇】
(1)(be) related to__________________
(2)relate vt. ______________relate ... to/with .._________________relate to_______________
(3)relation n._______________in/with relation to_______________
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①This letter___________________ the sale of the house.
②I can’t __________________what you said________________what I saw.
③I have a lot to say_______________________that thing.
6.diet n．日常饮食 vt._____________vi.________________
【相关词汇】be on a diet_____________；go on a diet__________；a balanced diet____________
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①You will have ___________________before you get well again.
②I’ve gained much weight recently. I have to _______________________.
③A_________________________and regular exercise are both important for your health.
④People who __________________________can’t eat chocolate.
7.addict n．对……着迷的人 vt.使沉溺；使上瘾
【相关词汇】
(1)addict oneself to________________
(2)be/become/get addicted to______________
(3)addictive adj._______________addiction n.___________________
【名师指津】be/become/get addicted to中to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①Don’t_____________________such foolish things.
②They _____________________computer games, which will have a bad effect on their studies.
③Some students are now fighting their _________________(addict) to computer games.
8.differ v．不同，不一样，有区别
【相关词汇】
(1)differ in_______________differ from________________differ with sb. on/over/about sth.______
(2)different adj._____________be different in______________be different from______________
(3)difference n._______________
【巩固练习】翻译句子
①We________________________________that point.
②Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.
→Things in the world ____________________each other in a thousand ways.
9.recommend vt.建议；vt.推荐；介绍
【相关词汇】
(1)vt._______________
recommend (doing) sth.___________________recommend sb.to do sth._____________
recommend that ... (should) do____________________
(2)vt.___________________
recommend sb./sth.to sb.___________________ recommend sb.as ...___________________
例：Can you recommend some new books on this subject to me 你能推荐一些有关这个学科的新书给我吗？
I can recommend Miss Green as a good typist.我可以推荐格林小姐做一名优秀的打字员。
【巩固练习】
①If you go to Beijing, I recommend_____________(visit)the Summer Palace first.
②I recommend you_______________(do) what he says.
③The doctor strongly recommended that he________________ (take) a holiday.
10.attack v．侵袭，侵蚀；攻击，进攻 n．_______________
【相关词汇】
(1)attack sb. with sth._____________be attacked with ... _______________
(2)make an attack on/upon______________
be/come under attack________________a heart attack______________
例：When he was walking home from the office that night, he was attacked by several robbers.
那天晚上他从办公室往家走的时候，被几个强盗袭击了。
His grandmother's sudden death of a heart attack drove Eric to study medicine.
艾利克的奶奶突发心脏病去世促使他学医。
【巩固练习】翻译句子
1.The general commanded that the soldiers (should) make an attack_____________ the enemy.
将军命令士兵对敌人发起进攻。
2.The company _____________________ for the firing of 50 employees.
那家公司因解雇了50名员工而遭到抨击。
3.The baby is in a poor health, and it ____________________ a disease.
这个婴儿的身体状况很差，经常患病。
11.within prep. 在……里
【相关词汇】within 20 metres of a place____________________
within one’s power/ability_________________ within (one’s) reach________________
例：You should receive a reply within seven days.你会在七天之内收到答复。
【巩固练习】
1.Don’t put the medicine within________________(children)reach.
2.Try to do everything within_________________(you)power.
12.convenient adj.方便的，便利的
【相关词汇】
(1)if/when it is convenient to sb._________________It’s convenient for sb.to do sth._____________
(2)convenience n__________(反义词inconvenience) for convenience ______________
at one’s convenience______________
【名师指津】convenient作表语时，不能用人作主语，要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语。类似的形容词还有important, necessary, possible等。
【巩固练习】翻译句子
①__________________________ send money through the mail, so he goes to the bank and opens a checking account.他不方便通过邮局汇款，因此，他到银行开了一个支票账户。
②____________________________today, please bring your business permit to me.
如果你今天方便的话，请把你的营业执照给我拿来。
③Can you come and give me a hand __________________ 你能在方便的时候过来帮我一把吗？
13.resist v．忍住，按捺，抗拒，抵抗
【相关词汇】
(1)resist doing sth._______________ can't resist doing sth.__________________
(2)resistant adj.______________ be resistant to___________________
(3)resistance (to) n.________________
【巩固练习】
①I have a sweet tooth and can’t resist ________________ (eat)chocolate and ice cream.
②A healthy diet creates a body__________________(resist)to disease.
③You should exercise more to build up a________________ (resist) to infection.
14.adapt v．(使)适应，(使)适合；改编
【相关词汇】
(1)adapt to_____________ adapt (oneself) to ____________
adapt from_____________ adapt ...for ..._____________
(2)adaptation n.__________________
【巩固练习】用以上词组填空
①It was the culture that made it hard for him to_________ the new environment abroad.
②I suggested he (should)____________________his new conditions.
③The author is going to _______________his novel______________TV series.
重要词组
1.thanks to 幸亏，由于，因为
【相关短语】
表示“因为；由于”的短语：owing to， due to， because of， as a result of， on account of等。
例：Thanks to the timely help, many lucky people survived the earthquake.
多亏了及时的帮助，很多幸运的人得以在地震中幸存下来。
He had to retire because of ill health.由于身体不好，他不得不退休。
Our delay was due to the heavy traffic.我们的耽搁是由于交通拥挤造成的。
2.take to 喜欢
【相关短语】
take to doing sth.________________ take off ____________ take over______________ take in _______________ take on______________take up________________
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
1.Sandra has taken to______________(get) up early to go jogging.
2.I must get rid of this large table; it ________too much room.
3.Be seated. The plane is ________________.
4.Once we had children, the Spring Festival ______________ a different sort of importance.
3.come across 偶然遇见；碰见；被理解
【相关短语】
come about____________come on______________ come out_______________
come to_________________ come up________________come up with______________
when it comes to ..._________________
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①We’ve______________a few problems that need resolving.
②Can you tell me how the accident ________________
③Something unexpected__________ at the meeting yesterday.
④__________________the Internet, he is always very excited.
4.remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
【相关词汇】remind sb. to do sth.____________remind (sb.) that/how/what _______________
例：That song always reminds me of our first meet.那首歌总使我想起我们的第一次见面。
【联想发散】“动词＋sb.＋of”构成的短语还有：
accuse sb. of sth.________________ cheat sb. of sth._______________
inform sb. of sth._____________rob sb. of sth._________________
warn sb. of sth._________________ cure sb. of sth.______________
【巩固练习】
1.His mother reminded him_________________ (take) an umbrella in case of rain.
2.I’ll just call Mary___________________(remind)her that we are meeting at 8 o’clock.
5.fall in love with 爱上，与……相爱，喜欢上
【相关用法】
fall in love with________________，表示动作，不与表示一段时间的状语连用；
be in love with_________________，表示状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
例：He fell in love with music when he was a child.他小时候就喜欢上了音乐。
例：The two lovers have been in love with each other for years, so they have decided to get married recently.这对恋人已相爱多年了，因此最近他们已决定结婚。
6.in case以防万一
【相关词汇】in case of_______________in any case ______________in no case________________
【名师指津】in case既可以引导条件状语从句，又可以引导目的状语从句，还可以单独使用。
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①You’d better take the keys _______________ I’m out.
②_________________________any difficulty, call me at once.
③__________________________leave here.
7.belong to属于
【名师指津】belong to不用于进行时态和被动语态，后面接人称代词作宾语时，要用宾格形式。
[译] 这辆自行车是我的。
[误] The bike is belonging to me.
[误] The bike is belonged to me.
[误] The bike belongs to mine.
[正] The bike belongs to me.
例：Time goes by quietly and the past doesn’t belong to us.
时间悄无声息地流逝，过去的已不再属于我们。
【巩固练习】All the workers______________ (belong) to the factory must obey the rule.
8.end up(尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来
【相关短语】
end up with_____________ end up in ...________________
end up as ...________________ end up doing sth.________________
【名师指津】end up in后接表示结果的名词，end up with后接表示方式的名词，end up as后接表示身份、职务的名词。
【巩固练习】用以上词组填空
①If he carries on driving like that, he’ll ____________ dead.
②If you do that, you’ll __________________egg on your face.
③If you continue to steal, you’ll ______________ in prison.
④At first they hated each other, but they ended up_______________(become) good friends.（1）participate v．参加，参与
【相关词汇】
(1)participate in______________________participation n._____________________
(2)participate in (doing) sth. with sb.______________________
(3)participate with sb. in sth.______________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Everyone in the class is expected to _________________ the discussion.希望全班同学参加讨论。
②You should ________________ your friend__________ his sufferings.你应当分担朋友的苦恼。
③As a world trade organization, without the ____________ (participate) of China, WTO will find it hard to play its due role.作为世界贸易组织，没有中国的参与，WTO将会发现扮演它应有的角色很难。
（2）vote v．投票，表决
【相关词汇】
(1)vote sb. (to be)．_________________vote to do sth._________________
vote for/against______________vote through__________vote on______________
(2)have a vote on________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①We have_____________(vote)him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
②They voted________________ (continue) the struggle.他们一致决定继续斗争。
③Whether you vote __________ or ___________ the proposal doesn't seem to matter very much.
无论你对这项提议投赞成票还是反对票，好像都不是很重要。
④The chairman asked us to ______________ the plan.主席让我们就这项计划投票表决。
（3）regardless of不管；不顾
【相关词汇】
(1)regardless of强调“_____________”，从而不加重视或考虑，后接whether, what引导的从句
(2)despite/in spite of 意为“___________________”，其后常接名词，不接从句
(3)as regards/with regard to_____________________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①_______________________what happened yesterday and what may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where we are.
不管昨天发生了什么，也不管明天可能发生或者不会发生什么，现在才是我们关注的所在。
②_____________ her terrible illness, she worked hard and succeeded in the scientific research field.尽管她病得厉害，但是她还是勤奋工作并在科研领域取得了成功。
③____________________reading, there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes.关于阅读，有句名言：“一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特！”
（4）regard v．认为，看作；考虑，看待 n．_________________
【相关词汇】regard ... as ...______________________regarding prep.________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I have a very high__________ for him and what he has achieved.我非常钦佩他和他取得的成就。
②Give your brother my_____________when you see him.看到你哥哥时，代我向他问好。
③He _______________an important figure in history. 他被看作历史上的重要人物。
④_______________(regard) the punishment, what would you advise 关于处罚，你有何意见？
（5）indicate v．表明，显示；指示
【相关词汇】
(1)indicate sth. (to sb.)______________________indicate that ..._________________
(2)indication n________________________an indication of ...__________________
There is no indication of .../that ... _______________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The arrow_________________ (indicate)the way to the park.那个箭头指示了去公园的方向。
②A red sky at night _________________(indicate) that the following day will be fine.
傍晚，红色的天空预示第二天是好天气。
③With a nod of his head he_________________me where I should sit.他点头示意我应坐的地方。
④His face gave no_________________ (indicate) of discontent.他脸上没有露出不满的样子。
（6）request n．& v．请求，要求
【相关词汇】
(1)make a request for sth./that ...___________at one’s request＝at the request of sb._________
(2)request sb. to do sth. _____________request that ... (should) do sth._______________
It is requested that ... (should) do sth.___________________
【名师指津】
动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“(should＋)动词原形”。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Don’t respond to any e mails ___________ (request)personal information, no matter how official they look.不要回复向你索要个人信息的任何邮件，不管它们看起来多么正式。
②Our teacher made a request that we______________________the exam.
我们的老师要求我们为考试做好充分的准备。
③All the articles are requested to be related to the students' life.
→It is requested that all the articles ___________________ (relate) to the students' life.
要求所有的文章与学生的生活有关。
（7）fancy
【相关词汇】adj._____________vt.___________________________n._______________________
(1)fancy doing sth._______________ fancy sb. as/to be ...__________________
(2)have a fancy for sth.__________________ have a fancy that ...__________________
【名师指津】fancy用作动词时，有时用于祈使句，表示惊讶、不相信，意为“真想不到，竟然”。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Write simple sentences. Avoid a ______________ style. 写简单句，避免花哨的句法。
②I don’t fancy _____(go) all that way in such bad weather.我不喜欢在这样的坏天气里一直这么走着。
③I can’t________________________ an English teacher.我无法想象他会是一名英语老师。
④Did I really hear a voice or was it only my _______ 我是真的听到了声音还是只是我的幻觉？
⑤He_________________some wine with his dinner.他喜欢在吃饭时喝点酒。
⑥The boy_________________ he won’t pass the exam.那个男孩预感自己将通不过考试。
（8）attract v．吸引，引起……的兴趣
【相关词汇】
(1)attract one’s attention/mind__________________attract sb.to sth.______________
(2)attraction n.__________________a tourist attraction______________
(3)attractive adj.______________________
【名师指津】
attraction作“______________”讲时是可数名词；而作“_____________”讲时是不可数名词。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①China Today________________(attract)a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群，这表明全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。
②Sichuan Province is rich in tourist ______________ (attract) and enjoys many world famous places of interest.四川省旅游资源丰富，它有许多世界著名的名胜。
③Actually, the three columns are equally ____________ (attract) to us students.
实际上，这三个栏目对我们学生同样具有吸引力。
（9）decorate v．装饰，布置，美化
【相关词汇】
decorate...with ...______________(be) decorated with/by____________decoration n._________
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①She _____________ her room ___________ flowers.她用鲜花装饰她的房间。
②The Christmas tree ____________ many gifts and sweets.圣诞树上装饰着许多礼物和糖果。
③_____________ (decorate) with fine pictures and vases, the room looks elegant.
由于装饰着精美的画卷和花瓶，这个房间看上去很高雅。
（10）admit v．(不情愿地)承认；容许；容纳
【相关词汇】
(1)admit doing/having done/that ... ____________admit sb./sth.to be____________
(2)be admitted to__________________admission n._______________
【巩固练习】
用以上的词汇填空
①Joe is proud and stubborn, never____________(admit)he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.乔是一个高傲与固执的人，从不承认错误，而且总是找别人来当替罪羊。
②The young man had to admit _______________ (drive) without a driving permit.
这个年轻人不得不承认无证驾驶。
③The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream ___________my favorite university will come true.考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样，我被我最喜欢的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。
写出加黑单词在语境中的含义
④The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.______________
（11）occasion n．场合，时刻
【相关词汇】
(1)on occasion＝sometimes/at times/occasionally_________________
(2)on special occasions_________________have/take this occasion to do sth.____________
(3)on this/that occasion______________________
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①He has been known to lose his temper ______________-.人们知道他有时会发脾气。
②I only wear a tie __________special ____________.我只有在特殊的场合才系领带。
③We have few occasions ____________ (speak) English after class.课下我们很少有讲英语的机会。
④I want to______________________ you.我想借此机会感谢你。
（11）exist v．存在，实际上有
【相关词汇】
(1)exist in____________exist on______________There exists ...________________
(2)existing adj.______________existence n. ____________come into existence______________
【名师指津】exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①You can't imagine what difficulty they have______________the money he's earning.
你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。
②______________ a good way to solve ___________________ at present.
目前有一个解决现存问题的好办法。
③No one knows when such a custom first ________________.
没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始存在的。（1）represent v．代表，表示，阐述，说明，描绘，象征
【相关词汇】
represent ...as ...___________________
represent oneself as/to be _______________
represent sth. to sb._____________________
【巩固练习】
写出下列句中represent的汉语意思
①You can select five things that represent Chinese culture.________________
②The Rose represents England.___________________
③Let me represent my idea in another way.__________________
④This painting represents the scene of World War Ⅰ.______________
⑤In this map, a small circle represents a town._________________
用以上词汇填空
⑥She _____________ her little brother_________ a fool.她把她的弟弟描绘成一个傻瓜。
⑦You should ____________ your complaints __________the management.
你们应向管理阶层说明你们的不满。
（2）given that“考虑到；鉴于”，后接状语从句
【相关词汇】
considering prep. & conj.___________________ seeing (that) ...______________________
provided/providing (that) ...________________suppose/supposing (that) ..__________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①_______________ they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.
鉴于他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已经做得很好了。
②__________________what you’ve done, it’s natural that people should be talking.
鉴于你这样做，别人当然要议论。
③_____________it is eight o’clock, we’ll wait no longer.由于已到八点，我们将不再等了。
④____________you were failing in the coming exam, what should you do
假设你在即将来临的考试中失败，你该怎么办？
（3）content n．满意，满足 adj.____________ vt.______________
【相关词汇】
(1)feel/be content with_____________________;be content to do sth.____________________
(2)content oneself with_____________________
【名师指津】content 作“容纳的东西；目录”讲时，常用复数形式；作“含量”讲时用单数。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Andy ___________________ the toy. It is the best he has ever got.
安迪对这个玩具很满意，这是他得到的最好的玩具。
②That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content ____________ (live) in the country.
那位富人厌倦了城市生活，所以他很满意生活在乡下。
③As time went on, he __________________ a simple life.随着时间的流逝，他满足于过简朴的生活。
（4）defend v．(在比赛中)防守，防卫defence/defense n._________________
【相关词汇】
defend ...from/against ..._____________________in defense of__________________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①You have a right_______________(defend)yourself if you are being attacked.
如果你正遭受攻击，你有权进行自卫。
②He ____________ me _______________ any animal's attack.他保护我免受动物的袭击。
③It was brave of him to speak_______________me.他为我辩护真是太勇敢了。
（5）conflict n.武装冲突，战斗，战争，矛盾vi.抵触，冲突
【相关词汇】in conflict with_______________
come into conflict with_____________________conflict with_______________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The global economic crisis added to the ____________between employers and employees.
全球经济危机加剧了雇主与雇员之间的矛盾。
②It is a statement ________________ other evidence.这一陈述与其他证词不一致。
③She often ___________________her mother in law.她经常与婆婆发生争执。
④The two reports ____________, so I didn't know which to believe.
这两则报道相冲突，所以我不知道该相信哪一则。
⑤The changes are sure to_______________ the old traditions, so we must give it a second thought.
变化一定与旧的传统相冲突，所以我们一定要三思。
（6）available adj.可用的，可获得的，有空的
【相关词汇】be available to sb.________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
All the books in the library will ________________us.图书馆中所有的书籍将供我们借阅。
（7）balance n平衡 vt._________________
【相关词汇】
(1)keep/lose one’s balance________________keep a balance between ...and ...______________
out of/off balance_____________________keep ... in balance________________
(2)balance ...with ...______________________balance ...against_________________
(3)balanced adj._______________a balanced diet_____________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①When he was running after his brother, the boy _______________and had a bad fall.
当这个男孩追赶他哥哥的时候，他失去了平衡，狠狠地摔了一跤。
②You have to _________ the advantages of living in the countryside__________the disadvantages.
你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。
③Many people have come to realize that they should keep a ____________ (balance) diet.
许多人开始认识到他们应该保持饮食均衡。
熟词生义:写出加黑单词在语境中的含义
④I must check my bank balance before I decide to buy the car._______________
（8）involve v．包含，需要；涉及
【相关词汇】involve doing sth.________________
involve sb./oneself in (doing) sth._______________be/get involved in (doing) sth._____________
【巩固练习】
①The project _____________(involve)a lot of hard work.这个项目需要付出艰巨的劳动。
②We should _______________ (we) in school life.我们应该投入到学校生活中去。
③If you don’t want to be______________ (involve) in any sort of serious accident, look both ways before crossing busy roads.如果你不想发生任何严重的交通意外，那么在通过车流量大的马路时要左右看看。
（9）response n．回答，答复
【相关词汇】
(1)get a response (from)________________in response to__________________
make a/no response (to)____________________
(2)respond vi._____________________respond to________________________
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①The product was developed ___________ customers’ demand.为了满足顾客的需要，开发了这种产品。
②They didn’t make a___________ (respond) to our challenge.对我们的挑战他们没有作出回应。
③How did the students__________________ the news 同学们对这则消息有什么反应？
（10）admit v．(不情愿地)承认；容许；容纳
【相关词汇】
(1)admit doing/having done/that ...________________admit sb./sth.to be_______________
(2)be admitted to___________________admission n.______________________
【巩固练习】
用以上的词汇填空
①Joe is proud and stubborn, never______________(admit)he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.乔是一个高傲与固执的人，从不承认错误，而且总是找别人来当替罪羊。
②The young man had to admit __________________ (drive) without a driving permit.
这个年轻人不得不承认无证驾驶。
③The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream _______________ my favorite university will come true.考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样，我被我最喜欢的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。
写出加黑单词在语境中的含义
④The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students._______________
（11）power n．力量powerful adj.强大的；有影响/感染力的；有力的
【相关词汇】come to/into power________________in one’s power____________________
beyond one’s power_______________
do all/everything in one's power to do sth._______________________
【辨析比较】power, energy, force, strength
power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能，人或机器等事物潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量、职权、权力或政权
energy 主要指人的精力、自然界的能量
force 主要指自然界的力量、暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量、军事力量等
strength 常指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”；说物时，着重指“强度”
【巩固练习】选用上述单词填空
①It has been five years since he ________________.他上台执政已5年了。
②The judge promised to do everything in his power_________________ (get) the man released.
这个法官承诺尽其所能让这个人得以释放。
③Never before has our country been so __________ (power) as it is today.
我们的国家从未像今天这样强大。
④Young people are usually full of ____________.
⑤Knowledge is ______________.
⑥He pushed the big stone into the river with all his _______________.
⑦It’s said that the girl was taken away by ________________.
（11）by the end of表示“到……末为止”，常与完成时连用
【相关用法】“by＋时间”组成的介词短语表示“到……时为止”，在句中作时间状语，句子的谓语动词常用完成时态。
by＋过去时间，谓语动词用过去完成时态；?
by＋现在时间，谓语动词用现在完成时态；?
by＋将来时间，谓语动词用将来完成时态。
【巩固练习】用以上的词汇填空
①By the end of last month, all the work___________________ (do).
到上个月末为止，所有的工作都完成了。
②By the end of next month, the building will ________________(complete).
到下个月末为止，这栋楼将已竣工。
③By the time he was fourteen years old, he ___________(learn)maths all by himself.
到14岁的时候，他就已经自学了数学。
④By the time you graduate, I __________________(work) here for five years.
到你毕业时，我就将在此地工作五年之久了。
⑤They _____________ (negotiate) with ten countries or international organizations by this year.
到今年为止，他们已经和十个国家或国际组织进行了谈判。
（12）die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝
【相关词汇】
(1)die away________________die of/from_______________die down_____________
(2)be dying for _________________be dying to do sth.____________________
【巩固练习】选用上述词汇填空
①Some rare birds in the area are in danger of ___________________ because of human activities.
这一地区的一些稀有鸟类由于人类活动正面临灭绝的危险。
②Although the wind has______________ ,the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
尽管风小了，但是雨仍然不停，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I_________________becoming a volunteer of the Chinese paintings exhibition.我非常渴望成为这个中国画展览的志愿者。
（12）inspire v．鼓舞，激励
【相关词汇】
(1)inspire sb.to do sth. ___________________
inspire sb.with sth.＝ inspire sth.in sb.____________________
(2)inspired adj._________________inspiring adj.________________inspiration n.____________
【巩固练习】选用上述词汇填空
①I hope this success will _________________ greater efforts.我希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。
②The good news ______________ pride and courage.
＝The good news ________pride and courage______ us.这一好消息激发了我们的自豪感和勇气。
（13）persuade v．说服，劝服
【相关词汇】
persuade sb. to do sth./into doing sth.____________________
persuade sb. not to do sth./out of doing sth.____________________
persuade sb. of sth. _______________persuade sb. that ..._________________
【名师指津】
persuade强调成功说服对方，侧重结果。
advise表示劝说、劝告，强调动作，结果不一定成功。可接动词 ing形式作宾语，也可接that引导的宾语从句，从句中用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。而persuade无此用法。
suggest表示建议，常用suggest sb./sb.'s doing结构，也可接从句，用法与advise相同，也用虚拟语气。
【巩固练习】选用上述词汇填空
①It was difficult _______________ (persuade) him because he was very stubborn.
他很执拗，所以很难说服他。
②I have persuaded him ____________ (give) up smoking.我已说服了他戒烟。
③Can you _________________ her foolish plans 你能劝她放弃那些愚蠢的计划吗？重点单词
1.combine v.(使)结合;(使)组合 combination n._________________
【相关词汇】(1)combine...with/and ..._________________
(2)a combination of ..._________________；in combination with______________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Efforts and confidence ___________ (combine)to make a full man. 努力与信心结合造就完人。
②We consider it necessary to _________theory ______practice. 我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。
③The club is supported by a _______________ (combine) of people from all social classes.
该俱乐部受到社会各阶层的人们的支持。
2.grateful adj.感谢的，感激的，表示谢意的
【相关词汇】(1)be grateful (to sb.) for sth._________________
(2)be grateful that ..._________________；be grateful to do sth.______________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I would________________ if you could lend me a hand.如果你能帮我的忙，我将非常感激。
②I __________________you didn’t tell my parents about this. 我非常感激你没有告诉我父母这件事。
③She seems to think I should be grateful ________ (have) a job. 她似乎认为我应该感激有一份工作。
3.extremely adv.极度，极其 extreme adj.________________ n.____________
【相关词汇】(1)extremely cold climates___________；extremely important/useful __________
(2)go to extremes________________；in the extreme_____________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I’m ____________ (extreme) sorry to have troubled you. 我非常抱歉打扰你。
②The journey would be dangerous________________. 这次旅行极其危险。
4.overcome v.控制(感情)，克服(困难)；战胜
【相关词汇】(1)overcome difficulties______________；overcome fear_______________
(2)overcome shortcomings/weaknesses_______________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①He struggled __________________ (overcome)his shyness.他努力克服自己的羞怯。
②We can surely ______________________ while we are closely united.
只要我们紧密地团结在一起，一定能克服这些困难。
③What we need to do most is to _______________________ and improve the inadequacy.
我们最需要做的是，克服缺点和改进不足之处。
5.absorbed adj.专心致志的
【相关词汇】(1)(be) absorbed in ...＝absorb oneself in ... ____________________
(2)absorb one’s attention＝attract one’s attention __________________
【名师指津】be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。用法类似的还有：
①be lost in ...__________________ ②be caught/trapped in ...______________
③be buried in ..._______________ ④be devoted to ...____________________
⑤be occupied in ..._______________⑥be involved in ...___________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①He seemed totally ___________ (absorbed)in his book. 他似乎全神贯注于他的书中。
②_________ (absorb) in his work, he didn't hear what I said.他全神贯注于工作，没听见我说的话。
③To ___________________,he raised his voice. 为了吸引人们的注意力，他提高了声音。
6.appealing adj.有吸引力的，有趣的appeal vi.___________vi.& vt._________n.__________
【相关词汇】(1)be appealing to sb.___________；make an appeal to sb. to do sth.____________
(2)appeal to sb. to do sth.______________；appeal to sth.______________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①News about our instructor _________________ me. I could hardly wait to meet him.
关于我们教练的消息对我很有吸引力。我迫不及待地想见到他。
②The place is ___________ (appeal), attracting many travelers. But with more visitors crowding in, the environment has been damaged; the local people__________visitors_____protect/make an__________visitors_______protect the environment, or they will _______________ charge them.
这个地方很吸引人，吸引了许多游客。但是随着越来越多的游客涌入，环境遭到了破坏；当地人呼吁游客保护环境，否则他们会向法院起诉。
7.rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的，不礼貌的
【相关词汇】(1)be rude to ..._______________(2)It’s rude of sb.to do sth_______________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Don’t ________________your parents. 不要对你的父母这么没礼貌。
②__________________ to say that to your father just now. 你刚才对你父亲讲那种话太不礼貌了。
8.brief adj.短暂的，简短的；简要的n._____________ briefly adv. _______________
【相关词汇】in brief_________________to be brief________________
【巩固练习】
①_______________,I have made up my mind to perform in the concert.
简言之，我已经决定在音乐会上演出。
②The teacher responded ____________(brief) to the questions.老师简短地答复了这些问题。
9.escape v．(从危险或糟糕的处境中)逃离，逃避，摆脱n.__________
【相关词汇】(1)escape＋n./doing______________；escape from＋n.__________
(2)have a narrow escape____________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①It was a prison from which no one ___________(escaped).这是一座无人逃脱的监狱。
②Luckily, he was able to __________ the burning building.幸运的是，他从失火的建筑物中逃出来了。
③No one can escape ______________(punish) if he breaks law.任何违法的人都逃脱不了惩罚。
④Believe it or not, I ______________________.信不信由你，我死里逃生。
10.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的
【相关词汇】disappoint vt.________ disappointing adj.________disappointment n.__________
(1)be disappointed at/about sth.____________ be disappointed in/with sb.____________
(2)to one’s disappointment __________________ be disappointed that ... ________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①There’s no reason to be ______________(disappointed).As a matter of fact, this could be rather amusing.没有理由失望。事实上，这可能相当有趣。
②The teacher ___________________ Tony’s attitude towards study.老师对托尼的学习态度感到失望。
③The fans ____________________ the film star when they learned some negative news about him on the website.当粉丝们在网站上得知一些关于这位电影明星的负面新闻时，他们对他感到失望。
④_____________________,the result of the exam _______________________.
令他失望的是，考试结果十分令人失望。
11.awkward adj.紧张的；不舒适的；令人尴尬的；难对付的
【相关词汇】(1)an awkward silence_____________； an awkward question_____________
(2)an awkward customer______________； feel awkward ______________
(3)put sb.in an awkward position ___________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①There was ______________ when she didn't know whether to shake his hand or kiss his cheek.有一个令人尴尬的时刻，她不知道是和他握手还是亲吻他的脸颊。
②The reporter asked __________________.记者问了一个令人尴尬的问题。
③You’ve _____________________________.你使得我狼狈不堪。
12.behave v.举动；(举止或行为)表现behaviour n[U]_________________
【相关词汇】(1)well behaved adj._____________badly behaved adj._______________
(2)behave well/badly to/towards sb.______________behave oneself_______________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①My camera_______________(behave) well since it was repaired.我的相机自从维修后一直工作正常。
②The shop assistants _______ very well _______ customers.这家商店的营业员对待顾客的态度非常好。
③What do you think of the host’s_______________ (behave) at the stage that day
你怎样评价主持人那天在舞台上的行为？
13.normal adj.正常的，平常的
【相关词汇】abnormal adj.___________________be back to normal/return to normal________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①__________________ feel nervous at first when you make a speech in the public.
当你在公众面前演讲时，起初感到紧张是正常的。
②Everything _________________ after the heavy rain.大雨过后，一切都恢复了正常。
【辨析比较】normal, common, ordinary, usual
normal 指正常的、常规的、常态的
ordinary 指平常的、普通的，强调平常的、平淡无奇的
common 指常见的、 不足为奇的，强调随处可见，故显得普通
usual 指平常的；通常的，惯常的
【巩固练习】选择上述单词填空
③His ______________ supper consists of only bread and milk.
④Colds are ______________ in winter.
⑤It’s _____________ to have a holiday in the summer.
⑥The _______________ temperature of the human body is about 37 ℃.
14.responsibility n.责任；职责 responsible adj. _______________；
【相关词汇】(1)be responsible for ____________________
(2)a sense of responsibility_________________take responsibility for___________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①This will help them build up ___________________ since young.
这将有助于帮助他们从小增强责任感。
②You are in charge of the company, so you should _____________________ what you said.
你负责这家公司，所以你应该为你所说的负责。
③Parents __________________ their children's safety.父母应负责子女的安全。
【名师指津】responsible作前置定语与作后置定语的意义不同；a responsible person有责任心的人；the person responsible责任人
15.absence n．缺乏，没有
【相关词汇】absent adj.________________absent minded adj.______________
(1)absence of mind_____________in one’s absence__________in the absence of______________
(2)be absent from ________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Peter’s _________________during driving nearly caused an accident.
彼得开车时心不在焉几乎导致了一场事故。
②However, learning English is very difficult_______________ a native language environment.
然而，在缺乏母语环境下学习英语相当困难。
③He __________________ my birthday party last weekend.他上周末没有参加我的生日聚会。
重点短语
1.be full of confidence 充满信心
【相关词汇】(1)confidently adv._________；confident adj._________；confidence n._____
(2)have/show confidence in =be confident about/of__________________
(3)be full of confidence______________；with confidence_______________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Offered enough time, he ____________________ to finish the project.
被提供足够的时间，他充满信心完成了这个项目。
②Compared with them, we're more _________________success.和他们相比，我们更有信心取得成功。
③The young man _________________ persuading people to buy what he sells.
那位年轻人有信心说服人们购买他卖的产品。
④He plays _________________; as a result, every game he improves a lot.
他踢得很自信，因此，每一场比赛都有很大提高。
2.date back (to ...)追溯到；始于
【相关词汇】(1)date from_________________
(2)out of date______________；up to date (with ...)_________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①My interest in stamp collecting __________ my schooldays.我对集邮的兴趣可以追溯到学生时代。
②_________(date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.长春南湖公园始于1933年，位于长春市的西南部。
③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be ________ with modern technology.
每个人都应该继续接受教育，以便跟上现代技术。
【名师指津】date back to和date from一般不用进行时态。作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。
3.get across解释清楚；被理解
【相关词汇】(1)get along/on with______________get down to (doing) sth._____________
(2)get over__________________
(3)get through____________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I spoke slowly, but my meaning didn’t ________.尽管我讲得很慢，然而我的意思还是未被理解。
②It is time you got down to ______________ (prepare) for your exam.
到了你应该开始认真为你的考试作准备的时候了。
③The line is busy; I can’t _________________.电话占线，我打不通。
④He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he'll _____________ it.
他因没有得到那份工作而失望，不过他会从失望中恢复过来的。
4.transform ... into使……变成……
【相关词汇】transform v____________；transform...from...into ..._______________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Don’t look down upon the ugly little worm. In a few weeks, it will _____________ a beautiful big butterfly. 不要瞧不起这个丑陋的小虫子。几周后，它将变成一只美丽的大蝴蝶。
②The company ____________________ a family business __________one with 5,000 workforce.
这家公司已从家族企业转变为拥有5 000名员工的企业。
5.on the edge of one’s seat 极为激动
【相关词汇】edge n.__________ ；have/gain an edge on/over __________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The sun was pushing its way over _______________the world. 太阳正从天边缓缓升起。
②I can’t beat you at tennis, but I __________________________________ in table tennis.
我打网球不如你，但打乒乓球我比你强。
6.result in 导致，造成
【相关词汇】result from____________；as a result____________ ；as a result of__________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The accident _______________ six deaths.事故导致六人死亡。
②The terrible accident ______________ careless driving.这起可怕的事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。
③We helped each other in studies and __________________we became good friends.
我们在学习上互相帮助，结果我们成了好朋友。
④The sports meeting has to be put off ___________ the weather.由于天气原因，运动会不得不被推迟。
8.live up to符合(标准)，不负(盛名)
【相关词汇】(1)live up to its reputation___________ live up to one’s expectations____________
(2)live on_________________________live with___________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The team called “The No Hopers” certainly _______________ its name.
这个名为“无望者”的团队确实名副其实。
②People in big cities have to ________ the noise every day.大城市里的人们每天都不得不忍受噪音。
③She________________ her daughter’s wages.她靠她女儿的工资过活。
9.turn to 转向；求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；查阅；从事于
【相关词汇】(1)turn down_____________；turn in____________；turn on_____________
(2)turn off __________；turn out_______________；turn up_______________
【巩固练习】写出下列句中turn to的含义
①Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble._________________
②If you turn to Page 40, you will find it.________________
③More and more people turn to computer science.________________
④Their talk turned to the change that had happened.________________
⑤You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.___________
用以上词汇填空
⑥He said he was a doctor; but later he______________ a cheat.他说他是一名医生；后来证明他是个骗子。
⑦The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasn’t ________yet.会议已开始，但是主席还没出现。
10.put on穿上；表演(节目)；增加体重
【相关词汇】(1)put aside_________________；put away______________
(2)put down________________；put forward________________
(3)put off ________________；put out________________
【巩固练习】写出下列句中put on的汉语意思
①How soon will this new play be put on？________________
②How many pounds did you put on over Christmas？_________________
③It is very cold outside; you must put on your overcoat.________________
用以上词汇填空
④He has ___________ a little money for a rainy day. 他积蓄了一点钱以备不时之需。
⑤The boy __________ the left over_________ in the cupboard after he finished his dinner.
晚饭后小男孩把剩下的食物收拾起来放到橱柜里。
⑥_______________ your name and address. 写下你的名字和住址。
⑦Don’t _______________ until tomorrow what can be done today. 今日事，今日毕。重点单词
1.familiar adj.通晓的；熟悉的
【相关词汇】be familiar with ...______________be familiar to sb.__________________
【名师指津】be familiar to的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I believe these donated books will not only make you more_____________ China but help enhance your Chinese.我相信这些捐助的书不仅使你更加熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的汉语。
②The city is quite familiar to him because he is a native of it.
→He________________ the city because he is a native of it.他非常熟悉这座城市，因为他是本地人。
2.quit v.(quit/quitted; quit/quitted) 离开(工作岗位、学校等)；离任；停止
【相关词汇】quit office/school________________quit doing sth. __________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①He _____________ at 15 and left home.他15岁辍学后离开了家。
②A nicotine spray can help smokers_______________. 一种尼古丁喷剂可以帮助吸烟者戒烟。
③You must quit ______________(smoke). Most important of all, you should start taking exercise.
你必须戒烟，最重要的是，你应该开始运动。
3.previous adj. (仅用于名词前)以前的，先前的previously adv. ______________
【相关词汇】previous to_________________(其中to 是介词)
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The newly broadened square is four times the size of the ______________ one.
新扩建的广场是以前的四倍大。
②Previous to____________ (leave) for France, he studied a lot about the country.
在去法国之前，他对这个国家做了很多研究。
③Those are words I have not_______________ (previous) used in any report.
那些单词在以前的任何报告中我都未曾使用过。
4.aboard adv.& prep.在船(飞机、火车)上；上船(飞机、火车)
【相关词汇】(1)All aboard！______________！Welcome aboard! ________________
(2)on board＝aboard ________________go aboard ________________
【名师指津】aboard与abroad单词拼写有点类似，但是读音及意义完全不同。abroad只作副词，意为“在国外，到国外”。go abroad“出国”；at home and abroad“在国内外”。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①All the people _______ were killed in the accident.船(车/飞机)上所有的人在这次事故中都死了。
②Luckily, we were in time to ____________ the plane.幸运的是，我们及时登上了飞机。
③Everybody ____________ was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened.
飞机上的每个人都很着急，而且我们急于想了解出了什么事。
5.arrange v安排;筹备;整理;排列arrangement n.______________
【相关词汇】
(1)arrange for sb. to do sth.______________arrange sth. for sb./sth._________________
(2)make arrangements for _________________arrange to do sth.______________
【名师指津】表达“安排某人做某事时”不能用arrange sb. to do sth.，而用arrange for sb. to do sth.。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I’d like to tell you that my classmates and I______________(arrange)to visit the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
我想告诉你，我和我的同学已安排好下周六重阳节去拜访附近的敬老院。
②It’s not necessary for parents to ______ everything___ their children.父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。
③Dave _________________________ him home.戴夫安排人开车送他回家。
④The local newspaper made _________________ (arrange) for an interview with Professor Stein.
当地报社安排对斯坦教授进行采访。
6.exchange vt.& n．交换；交流；兑换
【相关词汇】(1)exchange sth. with sb.______________exchange A for B _______________
(2)in exchange (for ...) ______________exchange students _____________
【名师指津】 change侧重于改变，exchange侧重于交换。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I’d like to __________some pounds ____________ dollars.我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。
②All the participants can get what they want. Meanwhile, they ______________________each other. 所有的参与者都能得到他们想要的东西。与此同时，他们彼此交流想法和感受。
③I’ve offered to paint the kitchen__________________ a week’s accommodation.
我愿意粉刷厨房，条件是让我免费住宿一周。
7.engage v. 参与，参加
【相关词汇】engage in sth._____________engage sb. in sth.__________be engaged in___________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①When children grow up, they will ______________ different occupations at different places.
当孩子们长大时，他们将在不同的工作地点从事不同的工作。
②We hope to__________________this exercise with us. 我们希望你与我们一起参加这样的活动。
③He____________making gifts, keeping an eye on the children and recording what they have done. 他正忙于制作礼物和监督孩子们的行为并记录下来。
8.mass n.团，块，大量，许多adj.____________
【相关词汇】a mass of/masses of___________the masses__________the mass market________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①There’s _______________ work for her to do. 她有一大堆的工作要做。
②There __________ (be) masses of people in the shops yesterday.昨天商店里人如潮涌。
③His music is commercial. It is aimed at ____________. 他的音乐很商业化，针对的是一般大众。
重点短语
1.“There be sb./sth.＋非谓语动词”结构
【相关用法】(1)There be sb./sth. doing 表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行。
(2)There be sb./sth. done表示被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生。
(3)There be sb./sth. to do 通常表示动作尚未发生。
【名师指津】
在“There be sth. to do”结构中，当sth.与其后的不定式为被动关系时，用主动或被动形式均可。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①_____________________________ for you at the school gate. 有人在校门口正等着你。
②Hurry up, ________________________for us to catch up with the last bus.
快点，我们赶上最后一班车的时间不多了。
③There is still much _____________________ (discuss). We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.还有许多事情要讨论，因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。
2.when it comes to ...意为“当谈及……的时候”。
【相关词汇】(1)come across_______________come about __________________
(2)come up ______________________come up with________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①(2018·天津高考书面表达)_____________________, I will email it to you soon, hoping you can offer some constructive suggestions regarding it.
说到我们的训练计划，我很快会发邮件给你，希望你能就计划提出一些建设性的意见。
②She explained for a long time, but her meaning didn't really__________________.
她解释了很长时间，但她的意思并没有被人真正理解。
③Can you tell me how the accident_______________ 你能告诉我这起事故是怎样发生的吗？
④New problems__________________ when they went into the discussion.
随着他们讨论的深入，新的问题被提出来了。
3.be used to习惯于
【相关词汇】含介词to的常用动词短语还有：
(1)look forward to __________lead to __________object to_____________refer to __________
(2)contribute to ___________________get down to ___________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Having lived here for three years, I've already___________________ the life here.
在这里已居住三年了，我已经习惯了这里的生活。
②Thanks for your kind consideration and I look forward to _________ (receive) your earliest reply.
谢谢你的关心，我盼望早日收到你的回复。
③We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there's a lot to do.Let's ________________it.
我们刚刚搬进一个大一点的房子，因此有许多事情要做，让我们开始做吧。
4.There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”， that引导同位语从句。
【相关词汇】(1)no doubt ..._________________There is some doubt whether _____________
(2)don’t doubt that ... ___________doubt whether/if ... __________________
【名师指津】(1)doubt作动词时，在肯定句中接if/whether引导的宾语从句；在疑问句和否定句中接that引导的宾语从句。
(2)当doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句中接that引导的同位语从句。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)_________________ I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners. 毫无疑问，我与外国人交流几乎没有什么困难。
②___________ children there are badly in need of care and help.无疑那里的儿童非常需要关怀和帮助。
③You can complain, but I doubt ___________________ it will make any difference.
你可以抱怨，但我怀疑抱怨是否会起作用。
④There is still some doubt _____________ the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
我们学校是否会举行秋季运动会还有些疑问。
5.based on ... 根据……base v._____________n._____________basic adj.________________
【相关词汇】base...on... ___________________be based on/upon___________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I choose yes or no________________my goals. 我根据自己的目标来选择是或者不是。
②One should always ___________________facts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。
③In my diary, I set down a series of things that ___________________________ facts.
在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。
6.can’t wait to迫不及待地
【相关词汇】(1)can hardly wait/can’t wait to do sth.___________________
(2)can’t wait for sth._______________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①With the Spring Festival approaching, most Chinese people __________________ home.
随着春节的临近，大多数中国人都迫不及待地回家。
②Li Ping can hardly wait_____________________ again.李萍迫不及待地要再去海滨。
③School exams were over. The students____________________their vacation.
学校考试结束了，学生们急切盼望假期的到来。
7.pick up 开车接；搭载；捡起；拾起；(偶然)学会； (精神、健康等的)好转；接收(信号等)
【巩固练习】写出下列句中pick up的含义
①He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital.____________
②He picked up the book on the floor and went away.____________
③With my new radio I can pick up stations all over Europe.____________
④She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.____________
⑤Don’t worry. I'll pick you up at the bus station.____________
8.had (just) done sth. when ...刚做完某事，这时突然……
【相关词汇】(1)be doing sth. when ..._______________________
(2)be about to do sth.when＝be on the point of doing sth.when________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I ___________________ on the computer __________ my parents came back.
我刚刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。
②She _______________________________she heard a cry for help.她正沿着河岸走，这时她听到呼救声。
③Seated in the classroom, I was on the point of taking my books out when suddenly I became frozen.
→Seated in the classroom, I _____________________________ suddenly I became frozen.
坐在教室里，我正要把书拿出来，突然我僵住了。
9.cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋
【相关词汇】cheer sb.up_______________cheer sb.on_________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I do hope she can _______________ and accept the challenge of life bravely!
我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！
②I wrote that song just __________________. 我写了那首歌只是让自己振作起来。
③A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to __________________.
1 000名支持者涌进体育场为他们加油。
10.keep in touch (with)(与……)保持联系
【相关词汇】
(1)get in touch with sb._______________(动作)lose touch with sb. __________________(动作)
(2)be in touch with sb.______________(状态) be out of touch with sb._________________(状态)
【名师指津】
keep/be in touch with和be out of touch with表状态，可与时间段连用；而get in touch with和lose touch with表示动作，不能与时间段连用。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①With mobile phones, we can ____________________ others wherever we are.
有了手机，我们在任何地方都可以和别人保持联系。
②Whenever you need help, I hope you can_________________ me.
无论何时你需要帮助，我都希望你可以和我取得联系。
③Believe it or not, I ________________________ him for ten years.
信不信由你，10年来我与他一直保持联系。重点单词
1.scare v.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬；使恐惧；使害怕；惊吓 n.恐慌；恐惧
【相关词汇】scared adj. ______________scary adj. ___________________
(1)scare sb. into doing sth.________________scare sb. to death__________________
(2)scare...away/off ___________be scared of sb./sth.____________be scared to do sth_________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①She tries to _____________________________ well.她试图恐吓那个孩子让其守规矩。
②I was nearly ____________________ when I was alone in the building.
当大楼里就我一个人时，我几乎吓得要死。
③It was the high price that scared possible buyers ___________________.
正是过高的价格把潜在的买主吓跑了。
④He was scared_________ (stay) outside late at night because he was scared of ___________ (rob)．
深夜他不敢待在外面，因为害怕被抢劫。
⑤The movie is too______________ (scare) for me to watch.这部电影太吓人了以至于我不敢看。
2.frightened adj.感到恐惧的；受惊吓的恐
【相关词汇】frightening adj.__________fright n.____________frighten vt.____________
(1)frighten sb. into doing sth.________________frighten sb. out of doing sth.___________
(2)frighten ... away__________________frighten sb. to death__________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The ___________ scene in the film _____________ him _____________.
电影中那可怕的一幕把他吓哭了。
②He ___________________ telling the truth.他恐吓我不要说出真相。
③I ____________the bird __________ by moving suddenly.我突然一动，把鸟儿吓跑了。
3.fortunately adv. 幸运地fortunate adj.____________
【相关词汇】
(1)unfortunately adv._____________fortune n._____________misfortune n.____________
(2)be fortunate to do sth._____________It is/was fortunate (for sb.) that ...______________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I was late, but _________________(fortune) the train hadn't left when I got to the station.
我迟到了，不过幸运的是，当我到达车站时火车还没有开走。
②I was fortunate _____________ (have) such a good teacher to teach me English.
我很幸运有这样一位好老师教我英语。
③_________________ nobody was hurt in the accident.幸运的是，在这起事故中没有人受伤。
4.attitude n.(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度
【相关词汇】(1)attitude to/towards ... ________________
(2)have/take a good/bad attitude to/towards ..._________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①___________ is everything!态度决定一切！
②What is your __________________ senior high students taking up a part time job
你对高中生做兼职有什么看法？
③He ____________________ his homework.他对家庭作业的态度不端正。
5.devote v．致力，献身，倾注devoted adj._______________devotion n.____________
【相关词汇】(1)be devoted to ____________________
(2)devote oneself/one's life/money/energy to (doing)____________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①I don’t think we should__________ any more time__________ this question.
我认为我们在这个问题上不应当花费更多的时间了。
②Neighbors devoted their spare time to____________ (help) others rebuild.
邻居们奉献出他们的空闲时间去帮助其他人重建(房子)。
③Her _____________ (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.
她全身心投入工作，几乎没有闲暇时间。
6.damage v.破损，损害，损伤 n．损害；损毁；赔偿金
【相关词汇】do/cause damage to_______________claim damages_______________
【辨析比较】damage, ruin, destroy
damage 指价值、用途、外表等部分受损，尚可修复
ruin 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义，表示毁灭某人或某人的希望等
destroy 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，导致不能或很难修复
【巩固练习】
用以上词汇填空
①It is estimated that the __________ is over one million dollars. 据估计，损失超过一百万美元。
②The accident __________________ the car. 这次事故让这辆车损坏得很严重。
选择上述单词填空
③The school was completely ______________ by the fire.
④The boys skirted (绕开，避开) the field so as not to __________ the crops.
⑤It rained for several weeks, completely ______________ our holiday.
7.affect vt.影响；使感染；打动；(疾病)侵袭
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The audience __________all deeply ______________ the performance of the pupil.
观众被这位小学生的表演深深地打动了。
②He didn’t attend the conference because he ________________ high fever.
他因为发高烧没有参加会议。
③We want to know whether the drug _____________________ people’s health.
我们想知道这种药对人们的健康是否有影响。
8.adopt v.采取(某种方法)；采纳；采用；收养adopted adj.____________adoption n.___________
【名师指津】adopt与adapt属形近词，在书写时，注意区别，切莫混淆。adapt意为“使……适应；改写，改编”。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Our school has _____________ a new teaching method.我们学校采用了一种新的教学方法。
②She treated her _______ (adopt) son as if he were her own.她对待收养的儿子就像自己亲生的一样。
③Since the ___________ (adopt) of the new working method, production has gone up.
自从采用了新的工作方法，产量提高了。
9.reduce v.减少，降低
【相关词汇】(1)reduce ... to ..._______________reduce ... by ...__________________
(2)reduce ... to (doing) sth.________________________
【名师指津】reduce和介词to搭配时，后接具体数字，与by搭配时，通常接百分数或具体数字。类似用法的还有decrease, increase, rise等。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Everyone should try _______________(reduce)the amount of salt in our diet.
大家都应该在饮食中减少盐的摄入量。
②Though the price of the house__________________ 10%, we can’t afford it either.
尽管房价下降了10%，我们还是买不起。
③They were reduced to______________ (beg) for their living.他们沦落到以乞讨为生的境地。
10.majority n.多数，大多数(人或物)major adj._____________n.& vi.___________
【相关词汇】(1)major in ________________
(2)minor adj.__________________ minority n.______________
【名师指津】 (1)“the majority of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。
(2)the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The ____ part of the town was ruined by the earthquake.这个城镇的主要部分已被这次地震毁掉了。
②She ____________ maths and physics at university.她在大学里主修数学和物理。
③When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the__________ (major) of the students in the class were against it. 当班主任说出他的计划的时候，班里的大多数学生都反对。
④The majority of the buildings _______ (be) built in the 1970s.大多数建筑物建于20世纪70年代。
⑤_______________________ in favour of the suggestion.大多数人赞成这个建议。
11.amount n.数量，数额 v.达到；总计
【相关词汇】(1)a large (small) amount of/large (small) amounts of_________________
(2)in large/small amounts______________amount to_____________________
【名师指津】a large (small) amount of/large (small) amounts of后面的名词只能是不可数名词，但当它们作主语时，句子的谓语动词要与amount的单复数形式保持一致。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①An explosion is caused by the very rapid release of _______________ energy.
爆炸是极速释放大量能量产生的结果。
②A large amount of money ___________ (be) spent on the project.这个工程耗费了巨额资金。
③You’ll never amount ___________ anything if you spend your time that way!
你要是老那样消磨时间，将一事无成！
12.remove v.移走，搬走，去掉，取消
【相关词汇】(1)remove...from some place_____________remove from ...to ...______________
(2)be removed from school ___________________
【辨析比较】 remove, move
remove 强调完全放弃原来物体所处的位置而到达新的地点，remove还可以表示开除、消除、除去等
move 强调移动、搬动，指事物位置和姿态的改变
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①They all came to help _______ the stones from the fields. 他们都来帮忙把这些石头从地里搬走。
②Teenagers shouldn’t ____________________ school although they don't do well in studies.
即使青少年们在学业上做得不好，也不应该被学校开除。
③The company ________________ London_____ Oxford.这家公司已经从伦敦搬迁到牛津。
④First, she________(remove)her jacket and hung it over the chair. After that, she________(remove) the dishes from the table. Then she asked her husband__________(remove) the table.
13.distance n.距离；远处distant adj._________________
【相关词汇】(1)in the distance______________at a distance _____________
(2)at a distance of _____________be distant from ..._______________
(3)keep one’s distance from...＝keep sb. at a distance___________________
【名师指津】对distance的提问多用what。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①________________________ between the sun and the earth 太阳离地球有多远？
②____________________six miles you can't see much.距离6英里以外的东西你很难看清。
③After the quarrel, Susan remains cold and _________(distance), so I have to keep her at a distance.
那次争吵之后，苏珊一直保持冷淡疏远，所以我不得不与她保持一定距离。
14.urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n．______________urgent adj.____________
【相关词汇】(1)urge sb. to do sth./into doing sth._____________________
(2)urge that ... (should) do sth.___________________
(3)It is urgent that ...______________________[从句用(should＋)动词原形]
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①Mother_____(urge)me not to tell you anything about it. 关于它，妈妈要求我什么也不要对你说。
②They urged that the library_______________ (keep) open during the vacation.
他们极力主张图书馆在假期开放。
③I never felt an urge_________________ (learn) any sign language before.
我以前从来没有感觉到有学习任何一种手语的强烈愿望。
④I'm afraid something _____________ (urge)has come up; I won't be to see you tonight.
很抱歉，我有些急事；今天晚上不能见你了。
⑤_____________ food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers.急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。
15.concerned adj.焦急的;担忧的concern n.___________vt.__________ concerning prep._________
【相关词汇】(1)be concerned about/for ..._____________be concerned with_____________
(2)as far as I'm concerned _________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①He has never_________________ what others think of him. 他从来不关心别人怎么看他。
②There is no evidence that he ____________________ any crimes.
没有证据显示他参与过任何犯罪活动。
③As far as I'm _________________ (concern), you can forget completely about it.
在我看来，你完全可以忘记这件事。
④__________________ (concern) your questions about the system, I think you should talk to Janet.
关于你对这个系统的疑问，我想你应该跟珍妮特谈一下。
重点词组
1.due to 由于；因为due adj.___________________
【相关词汇】(1)be due to do ..____________________
(2)be due to sth./doing sth.________________be due for ...________________
【联想发散】表示“因为；由于”的短语还有：because of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of, as a/in consequence of, on account of等。
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①His absence was _______________ the heavy rain.他的缺席是因为暴雨。
②The meeting is due_______________ (start) until three.会议预定到3点钟才开始。
③I'm________________ a pay rise soon.不久就该给我加工资了。
④The money that _________you will be paid before the end of the month.欠你的钱将在月底之前支付给你。
2.break down分解；(机器等)出故障；(精神)崩溃；(身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败
【相关词汇】(1)break away (from)______________；break out__________________
(2)break in___________________；break through __________________
(3)break into___________________；break up____________________
【巩固练习】写出下列句中break down的含义
①The car broke down again as soon as we drove out of the garage.__________________
②Many people were shocked at the news that the famous scientist broke down because of hard work.___________________
③Carbon dioxide forms as a waste product when food is broken down._________________
用以上词汇填空
④She started crying and tried to _______________.她开始大叫起来，想要挣脱。
⑤Scientists say they are beginning to _______________ in the fight against cancer.
科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。
⑥Luckily, the house was empty when the fire ___________.幸运的是，火灾发生时屋子里没有人。
3.take ...into account 把……考虑进去
【相关词汇】account n.______________ vi.__________________
(1)on account of _____________on no account _____________(位于句首时句子要部分倒装)
(2)account for ________________________
【巩固练习】用以上词汇填空
①The policeman gave __________________the traffic accident.警察叙述了交通事故的经过。
②We delayed our departure__________________ the bad weather.
由于天气不好，我们把启程的时间推迟了。
③On __________________________ leave the door unlocked.你决不应该不锁门。
④People seem to fail to ___________________the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
⑤He couldn’t _______________why he was late.他解释不清他为什么迟到。
