江苏省部分地区2022届高三下学期3月英语模拟试卷汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）

江苏省部分地区2022届高三下学期3月英语模拟解析版试卷分类汇编
阅读理解专题
2022届江苏省南通市等苏北七市高三第二次调研测试英语试题
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
My favourite Books
—Posted by Catherine Chung.a great writer
Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang
This collection contains several maths stories. The one I recommend is Division By Zero,about Jane Parkinson,a brilliant German mathematician.To her great despair,she ends up proving that mathematics is inconsistent and is able to prove that any two numbers are equal.A beautiful,thought-provoking(发人深省的)story about belief,understanding，and faith.
The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa
It's about a woman who comes to work for a once-great mathematician.Due to a brain injury,he has only 80 minutes of short-term memory available to him before he forgets everything. It is filled with beautiful maths,simply and clearly described alongside finely drawn relationships between the characters.
Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro
Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study. She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics.
The Ore Miner's Wife by Karl Iagnemma
It is about a miner who thinks he's discovered the proof to the problem: construct a square,equal in area to a given circle. His wife, not knowing what has suddenly taken his attention and his time, fears he is being unfaithful. A moving exploration of the joys of entering a problem whole and the desire and impossibility of truly knowing those we love.
1. What does"I"refer to in Paragraph 1
A. Catherine Chung. B. Ted Chiang.
C. Jane Parkinson. D. Yoko Ogawa.
2. Which book is about a pioneering Russian woman mathematician
A. Stories of Your Life and Others. B. The Housekeeper and the Professor.
C. Too Much Happiness. D. The Ore Miner's Wife.
3. What do the listed books have in common
A. They tell love stories. B. They involve mathematics.
C. They explore human relationship. D. They reveal people's inner world.
B
When Narayanswami was invited to a dinner by a friend who worked at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, she was excited. Many of the guests flew planes. “I must have expressed some yearning(渴望),”she says, because someone told her “You should join the flying club!” The next day Narayanswami, who was 57 at the time, arranged to meet an instructor. “I said ‘Aren’t I too old ” He said “We’ve got students in their 80s.”
Narayanswami grew up in Southwest London, and at grammar school suffered horrific racist bullying. The library provided shelter. But, as she reached her late teens, she feel family pressure for an arranged marriage; “I really protested,” she says. “But I want to be an astronaut! My mother made a promise. As long as you are getting an education we will not look for a husband for you.”
Narayanswami studied biology at Leicester University, then did a PhD at St Andrew, followed by postdoctoral research at the University of California. “Every time you move you get further away,” her dad remarked on the phone. “I didn’t feel I would be able t escape unless I did that,” she says.
In 2020, aged 64, Narayanswami finished 423 light hours she needed to earn her pilot's license. Then she applied to Nasa’s astronaut corps, but received a very appreciative rejection. Even now, at 66, she says “I haven't been able to figure out how to deal with it. It doesn’t go away.” The racist bullying she received as a child has cast a very long shadow.
Flying has helped. It is a workout: she has to tow the plane out to the taxiway. And it offers a different perspective. “I can see eagles, bears, mountain lions, birds of prey. I love the beauty of the clouds. They are like hills. Vaster than our hills,” she says.
New possibilities have arisen—Narayanswami chairs the board of the General Aviation Awards in the US—but she finds relaxing difficult. In light, she is part of a huge network of people who are communicating by radio frequency. There is no sense of skin colour. We are all tied together by our voices.
4. How did the instructor’s words sound to Narayanswami
A. Disappointing. B. Embarrassing.
C. Annoying. D. Encouraging.
5. What does the,underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Accepting an aged marriage. B. Receiving an education.
C. Keeping a distance. D. Making a promise:
6. What does Narayanswami think of Nasa's rejection
A. It indicates prejudice against her. B. It ruins her childhood memory.
C. It raises concern for her age. D. It leaves room for negotiation.
7. What does flying bring to Narayanswami
A. A good way of relaxation. B. A different dimension of life.
C. A rich knowledge of wild lie. D. A full exhibition of leadership.
C
At Jenner Park primary School in Wales, pupils between the ages of seven and nine are writing letters to residents of a local care home. The initiative sees children and their elderly pen pals(笔友) exchange updates about their lives,helping to build relationships between generations while also giving the children an understanding of the value of writing letters by hand—an activity that's becoming less and less common.
Laura Johnson,the teacher who coordinates(协调) the scheme at Jenner Park,says:"All of our writing is for a purpose. That's the key in getting children to value handwriting. "As soon as you put an audience there, knowing that someone out there is going to be reading it—whether that's parents or another group of children—there's always the real sense of pride to go along with it,"says Johnson.
The school maintains a focus on handwriting throughout the years,from dedicated handwriting classes in the prep school to a calligraphy club offered to the older groups. It has created something called the pen license. It allows younger children to move from using a pencil to pen once they've reached a certain standard. "There's a lot of excitement about reaching that pen licence stage," says Johnson.
Johnson adds that developing students' writing in this way matters for their life after school:"For us, it's important that we create citizens of the future who have a set of life skills that can make them successful." The dominance of technology is a challenge,she admits, but she also believes both tools have their place."Obviously we're competing with technology continuously."she says."And I know there are people there saying you don't need to bother about handwriting because tech is out there. But we don't see it as competing We're trying to get pupils to realize that there's a place for handwriting。and to know when it's important to use each."
8. Why does the school launch the initiative
A. To help children to find the meaning of handwriting.
B. To encourage children to show pity for the aged.
C. To persuade children to choose proper courses.
D. To urge children to acknowledge the audience.
9. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the school
A. Its after-class activities. B. Its practice in handwriting.
C. Its academic achievements. D. Its innovation in technology.
10. What can we infer from the last paragraph about handwriting
A. It will win against technology. B. It will give way to technology.
C. It will co-exist with technology. D. It will cause confusion to people.
11. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Handwriting promotes the pen pal scheme
B. Slow communication reduces misunderstanding
C. Creative ideas for dealing with challenges gain popularity
D. Putting pen to paper contributes to a love of the written word
D
People who regularly sleep for six hours or less each night in middle age are more likely to develop dementia than those who routinely manage seven hours, according to a major study into the disease.
Researchers found a 30% greater risk of dementia in those who during their 50s, 60s and 70s consistently had a short night's sleep, regardless of other risk factors such as heart condition and poor mental health.
Sabia, an author of the study at the university of Paris and her colleagues analyzed survey data from University College London's Whitehall study, which launched in 1985 and followed the health and lifestyles of more than 10,000 British volunteers. The French team focused on nearly 8,000 participants who self-reported their sleep patterns.
During 25 years of follow-up. 521 participants developed dementia, with most diagnosed in their late 70s. Writing in Nature Communications, the scientists described how those who routinely got six hours of sleep or less each night in their 50s and 60s were 30% more likely to develop dementia than those who typically managed seven hours.
The study does not prove that sleeping too little causes dementia, since sleep loss itself may be one of the earliest symptoms of the disease. But some scientists believe the results strengthen evidence that continuous poor sleep may at least contribute to the disease.
The first pathological changes that lead to dementia occur one to two decades before the disease becomes obvious, as sticky proteins called amyloid build up in the brain. When the 1985 Whitehall study first assessed the sleep of volunteers who later developed dementia, this process had probably not started. This meant that if they were sleeping too little, it was unlikely to have been caused by dementia-related brain changes.
“It strengthens the evidence that poor sleep in middle age could cause or worsen dementia in later life,” said Dr. Liz Coulthard, a consultant senior lecturer in dementia neurology. “It makes sense to take measures to improve sleep such as going outside during daylight hours to help maintain the natural rhythms that promote good sleep, avoiding too much alcohol or caffeine, particularly before bed, and finding a bedtime routine that works for you.”
12 What risk factor for dementia does the passage focus on
A. Sleep loss. B. Age. C. Poor mental health. D. Heart condition.
13. How did French scientists get the research findings
A. By making a comparison. B. By monitoring sleep patterns.
C. By interviewing British volunteers. D. By analyzing previous survey data.
14. In what tone do the scientists talk about the research
A. Casual. B. Doubtful. C. Negative. D. Cautious.
15. What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A. To give examples. B. To collect proofs.
C. To offer suggestions. D. To present arguments.
2022届江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模英语考前适应卷
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
From Alton Towers to Legoland, our experts pick their favorite British theme parks, highlighting the best roller coasters, character-led attractions, and animal safaris (狩猎旅行).
Drayton Manor
The Staffordshire theme park includes rides for all ages but stands out for having hit on a winning formula for young families with its expanding Thomas Land section. The 286-acre site is set in woodlands but the main village is enough for little legs to explore, making it well suited to pre-and primary school children.
Paultons Family Theme Park
On the edge of New Forest National Park, in Hampshire, Paultons Family Theme Park sits in 140 acres of attractive parkland. Although overshadowed by Thorpe Park and Alton Towers in terms of big rides, the park is home to Peppa Pig World, as well as 60 rides and attractions, and is best for families with young children.
Chessington World of Adventures
This park in Surrey has injected novelty (新奇) this year with the launch of its exclusive Gruffalo River Ride Adventure, raising its status as a family-friendly destination. The park also provides added family value with the opportunity to get a close-up interaction with animals including monkey walk-throughs and the Zufari safari experience.
Legoland Windsor
If you’re looking for stomach-in-the-mouth roller coasters, Legoland is not for you. This is the entry-level theme park for families with kids below the age of 12, with bucket-loads to keep them happy. Now in its third decade, set in lovely grounds, the theme park still has some of the charm of the original Danish parent park, with plenty of giraffes, crocodiles and pirates made out of Lego bricks spread over the rides.
21. Which of the following is recommended if a family want to interact with animals
A. Drayton Manor
B. Paultons Family Theme Park
C. Chessington World of Adventures
D. Legoland Windsor
22. What do the four theme parks have in common
A. They’re all ideal for children.
B. They all feature thrilling big rides.
C. They’re all renewing recreational facilities.
D. They all cover a vast area of over 200 acres.
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A. To promote ecotourism.
B. To value family union.
C. To introduce theme parks.
D. To compare tourist attractions.
B
It was an early blow to my self-confidence. I was attending my first group meeting in the lab as a postdoc, and I was pleased that I could follow most of the discussion. Then, in front of everyone, the professor turned to me and asked about my previous accomplishments. I froze. As a PhD student, I had achieved lots to be proud of. But all of those were in my home country of Brazil. Now I was in Washington, DC and I didn’t know what the word “accomplishment” meant. So all I could say was “I don’t know”.
I had decided to do a postdoc abroad because I thought the training would help me secure a teaching position. I applied for and received a Brazilian government fellowship to spend 18 months working abroad and got a position in a lab. It all seemed so easy—until I actually started.
In a new country, I struggled. After the mortifying lab meeting incident, my confidence took another hit. The paper I intended to publish did not materialize. I used to be invited to give talks. Now, I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent. My confidence was destroyed.
After months of self-doubt, I reminded myself that I had potential. I needed to do something to regain my confidence. I thought a change of environment might be what I needed. So I made the move.
In another new lab. I still felt insecure. However, I was determined to make the most of the time I had. There were more opportunities to interact with others, which forced me to talk more. It was awful at first, but with practice I began to feel more confident in my English. I proposed new projects. I began to receive positive feedback on my presentations.
My confidence is back. I feel a little like Wonder Woman. She was a strong soldier in her homeland. When she left, she experienced obstacles and failures only to become even stronger than before.
24. What was the author’s reaction when asked about her previous achievements
A. She felt insecure. B. She kept silent.
C. She was at a loss. D. She felt proud.
25. Why did the author go abroad
A. To apply for government fellowship. B. To get a doctor’s degree.
C. To build her own lab. D. To gain experience for a position.
26. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. I didn’t give a proper response in a lab meeting.
B. The paper I intended to publish did not materialize.
C. I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent.
D. I reminded myself that I had potential.
27. What can be the best title for the text
A. A lab meeting incident B. I found my inside Wonder Woman
C. Brazilians’ confidence improved D. Poor English ruined opportunity
C
Almost everyone has heard the expression, “the calm before the storm”.It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.
British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become static and the winds would drop.
But why is it often so calm before a storm
Science has given us the answer. According to US infotainment (资讯娱乐) website How Stuff Works, a calm period occurs because many storms, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, draw in all the warm and humid air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.
Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. As the air descends, it becomes warm and dry. Warm, dry air is stable, so once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm.
This same process also causes the “eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions the calm occurs in the center of the storm because of the strong rotating winds.
The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is.First, count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder. Roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count nine seconds, the storm is about 3 kilometers away. A good evaluation is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms are preceded by calm. Given the right conditions, some storms announce themselves with heavy rain and chilling winds.
So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. That’s the most reliable and sensible way to predict the next display of nature’s temper.
28. The underlined word “static” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. violent B. quiet C. fast-changing D. warm
29. What is the main idea of Paragraphs 4 and 5
A. To explain how a storm comes into being.
B. To support previous research on storm clouds.
C. To explain why a peaceful period occurs before a storm.
D. To show how dangerous a storm can be in certain situations.
30. If there are 15 seconds between a flash of lightning and a thunder clap,how far away is the storm
A. Three kilometers. B. Four kilometers.
C. Five kilometers. D. Six kilometers.
31. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Storms have a big influence on life.
B It is not always quiet before a storm.
C. Weather reports may fail to predict a storm.
D. Heavy storms don’t usually last for a long time.
D
“It’s a big hammer to crack a nut.” This is how one angry parent described the recent crackdown (严厉的打击) by London police on parents who drop their kids off at school by car. Yes, you read that correctly—the very way of transportation that many American schools insist is the only safe way to deliver kids to school is now considered illegal in the UK.
The decision to fine any vehicles seen dropping off or picking up kids within a particular zone of east London comes from city councillors’ (议员) long-term efforts to make the area safer and less crowded. They say they’ve been trying for years “to encourage reasonable parking”, but in vain. Neighborhood residents complain frequently about their driveways being blocked by illegally parked cars for 15 minutes or more, often while they’re trying to get to work, and the streets are long overcrowded.
Now the rules have changed. Some parents are angry. Angie is a mother who made the “big hammer” comment and says the crackdown is “way over the top.” The nearest drop-off point for her six-year-old is now a five-minute walk from the school. Others are happy with the decision, serious though it may seem. Councillor Jason Frost said:
“Traffic has significantly reduced, and more children are now walking to school, which is a great result. I would rather have complaints that we are slightly inconveniencing parents than hear that a child had been seriously injured because nothing was done.”
I see daily the disorder created by these in-town drivers, when I walk my own kids to school. There’s a parking lot crowded with vehicles and a slow-moving train of cars moving in circles, many filling the air with harmful smoke. Meanwhile, the conversations around overweight children and the importance of daily physical activities continue to stand out in schools.
32. What can be seen after the crackdown is carried out
A. Less daily disorder. B. Favor from all people.
C. More over-weight children. D. Complaints from neighbors.
33. Why is Angie Baillieul against the new rule
A. She is often fined by London police.
B. She will lose her job as a school driver.
C. She has adapted to the American practice.
D. She thinks it adds inconvenience to her kid.
34. What concerned Jason Frost most
A. Students’ safety. B. Students’ health.
C. People’s complaints. D. Parents’ inconvenience.
35. What’s the passage mainly about
A. Parents attempt to resist a school rule
B. London police cause widespread anger
C. American schools care about kids’ safety
D. Different voices are heard on a new traffic policy
2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试英语适应卷
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Get Help Finding a Youth or Student Job
If you’re a student looking for a job, you can get help through these programs—regardless of your background or circumstances.
Youth Job Connection
You get at least 60 hours of paid training to prepare you for the workplace, a job for up to 6 months, job-coaching and help with the transition from school to work, or to ongoing employment once the program ends.
Who is eligible (具备条件的): between 16 and 29 years old; not attending full-time school or training.
Youth Job Connection Summer
You get at least 20 hours of paid training to prepare you for the workplace, summer jobs that last for up to 8 weeks (part-time and after-school jobs are available if they don’t conflict with school), job-coaching and help returning to school after the program ends.
Who is eligible: between 18 and 20 years old; a high school student planning to stay in or return to school, or to move on to postsecondary education.
MARS Studio
You are guided to learn critical skills you need to solve complex 21st century challenges build networks with peers, coaches, and leaders, and pursue your innovative ideas for bold change in society.
Who is eligible: 8-month fellowship for young people aged 18-29.
Starter Company Program
You get guidance business knowledge and funding to start, grow, or buy a small business. To qualify for funding of up to $5,000, you need to be able to contribute at least 25% of the grant amount.
Who is eligible: between 18 and 29 years old; applicants must not be attending school full time.
21. Which program is suitable for a 16-year-old student
A. Youth Job Connection. B. Youth Job Connection Summer.
C. MARS Studio. D. Starter Company Program.
22. What is special about Youth Job Connection Summer
A. It is intended for students only. B. It provides the longest training.
C. It offers business knowledge. D. It helps return to school after the program ends.
23. What do all of these programs offer
A. A well-paid job. B. Paid training. C. Job guidance. D. High salary.
B
When my dad was first diagnosed with cancer and had radiation, I pushed my folks to start eating more fresh produce and preferably organics. My mom really improved her cooking from the roasted slice of pork and frozen-veggies dinners that I had fallen in love with. Dad said he had never eaten so well.
My dad had been an IBM guy, who often said, “People never change,” but he became skilled in overall treatments and began to take well-informed control of his own course of action. I wasn't thinking too much of his changes, but he had survived cancer for over 10 years, constantly learning, running his charity golf events, doing a bit of travel, and always looking pleasant and smiling.
My dad and I decorated a farmhouse in 2012, and I started taking care of the orchard, shaping rows for crops and a herb garden, and learning to care for four red hens. Bringing farm-fresh food to my folks was a way I could contribute to dad's health as well as his enjoyment of life, take a little work off my mom's hands, and sit and chat about something other than cancer.
The idea for this business came from what we learned about the role of food in health. My dad’s doctor told him that eating fresh produce could help resist cancer. Dad helped me set up the farm and worked till just a few days before he passed. But all of what I do here is based on experience, research, and strong values.
We learned more than I ever wanted to know. But the goals of this farm developed as we learned, and here we have it: Produce with a purpose—fresh produce, grown for disease-fighting and preventive health value, delivered with easy but crazy—delicious recipes as well as support, encouragement, overall thinking and even a bit of humor.
24. What was the author's favorite food in the past
A. Organic food. B. Fresh vegetables.
C. Barbecued meat. D. Fast-food meal.
25. What did the author think of his dad
A. He was a stubborn senior. B. He was crazy about adventures.
C. He was indifferent to his disease. D. He was positive about challenges.
26. What inspired the author and his dad to start the farm
A. The pressure of his mother. B. The suggestions of a doctor.
C. The deadly cancer of his dad. D. The great harvest on the farm.
27. What is the text mainly about
A. A farm with a purpose. B. A dream of my family.
C. The cancer of my father. D. The value of fresh produce.
C
Streaming (流媒体) first became popular in 2005, thanks to YouTube. Nowadays nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service. With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video. But for every Goliath, there are a hundred Davids. Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime (动画片).
In the early days of steaming the appeal was the lower cost, and it still is. The average streamer spends $37 a month (and subscribes to three streaming platform, while the average cable (有线电视) user pays more than $200 per month. Still streaming has become more expensive in recent years. In 2019, Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12.5 percent, to $8.99 a month. A quarter of is subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel their subscriptions. Few did.
A major reason: Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, and last year, Netflix received more Oscar nominations (提名) than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year. Usually only films shown in theaters are considered, but because of the coronavirus, all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service, Disney+. But watching Mulan from your own home will cost $29.99---on top of the service's monthly fee of $6.99.
Too much streaming can have its disadvantages, however. There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of (a TV series) on end." Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours.
28. What do the underlined words “Goliath" and “David" in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. TV viewers. B. TV programs.
C. Streaming subscribers. D. Streaming services.
29. Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions
A. They cannot go without it.
B. They think the low cost is a thing of the past.
C. Netflix has controlled the market.
D. They think it is good value for money.
30. What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney
A. The movie Mulan can be released on Disney+.
B. The movie Mulan will generate great profits.
C. The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar.
D. The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award.
31. What do binge-watchers tend to do
A. They start a new life. B. They watch TV series continuously.
C. They break world records. D. They watch TV series aimlessly
D
In 2016, in an Illinois town called Cahokia, a woman was sent to prison just because she failed to tend her lawn (草坪). In 2019, a Florida man was fined $30,000 by the city of Dunedin for allowing his grass to grow more than 10 inches in height. These examples, while extreme, are not rare occurrence in America.
A study estimated that turf grasses (lawns, parks, athletic fields, etc) cover over 40 million acres in the continental U.S., an area larger than any crop area. And Americans spend as much as $60 billion a year maintaining these grasses. These impressive data are the result of Americans’ setting much store by these pieces of greenery for several centuries.
Centuries ago, only those with considerable wealth could own the resources needed to maintain these displays. In the modern world, lawns have gradually changed from the estates of the wealthy to the front yards of common people. Across America, millions of families now proudly present their grass to their neighbors and drivers by carefully weeding, watering, fertilizing and mowing these small-scale representations of the grounds.
With this context in mind, it’s easy to see well-tended lawns in America. People tend to use lawns to create an impression of order or to indicate a sense of personal success. The relative health and attractiveness of the grass in their yard becomes a barometer (晴雨表) for their life as whole.
However, with so many acres covered by the grass, the influence associated with lawn maintenance is more than just psychological. To begin, a lawn requires massive quantities of resources to sustain. The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that lawns account for about half of homeowner’s water use, much of which is wasted. Additionally, Americans are reported to use 80 million pounds of chemicals on their lawns each year. The process of tending the lawn also contributes to air pollution.
These surprising data mean we need to question whether lawns provide us with enough benefit to justify their widespread existence.
32. Why are the two lawn-related cases mentioned in the first paragraph
A. To explain the effectiveness of American laws
B To show the significance of lawns in American society.
C. To stress Americans’ awareness of environmental protection.
D. To reveal the cost of maintaining lawns in Americans’ daily life.
33. What does the underlined part in the second paragraph mean
A. Making full use of. B. Facing the consequence of.
C. Attaching great importance to. D. Shouldering the responsibility for.
34. Why do Americans have a preference for well-tended lawns
A. Because of the psychological function of lawns.
B. Because of the popularity of lawns in Americans’ life
C. Because of the purpose of placing barometers in lawns.
D. Because of the method of planting healthy and attractive lawns.
35. What can we know about the lawns in the U.S. according to the passage
A. They will be expanded to cover more lands.
B. They are of significant environmental concerns.
C. They will motivate people to be health-conscious.
D. They can promote the development of the chemical industry.
2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三第一次模拟考试英语热身卷
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Are you moving out for the school term when you have food that you don’t want or no longer need Donate it through Student Food Rescue’s food drive-Holiday Food Rescue!
Student Food Rescue at the Boston University Community Service Center is collecting non-perishable(不易腐烂的)food from students across campus. Whether it’s unopened canned or boxed food you already own or you decide to buy a few extra canned goods during your next grocery store trip, all food will be donated to local soup kitchens, homeless shelters and organizations that help fight food insecurity in the Boston area.
When and Where Can I Drop Off Food
We will be collecting food from December 13th to December 18th. To make the donation processes as easy and accessible for students of Boston University, there will be donation boxes at various places across campus:
East Campus: Myles Standish Hall
Central Campus: Community Service Center
South Campus: 518 Park Dr near the mailroom
West Campus: Sleeper Hall near the entrance to West dining hall
West Campus: 1019 Commonwealth Ave
Donations will be collected in big cardboard boxes on the ground. There will be a public notice attached to the box, so it is clearly identifiable.
Where Will the Donations Be Taken
The sourced donations will be taken to select community partners in the Greater Boston Area.
Have Questions
Feel free to reach out to the SFR Program Managers Saahil Adusumilli and Alexia Lance at sfr@bu.edu.
21. Who is the drive to help
A. The owners of nearby stores. B. Students in Boston University.
C. The local people in need of food. D. Some food organizations around.
22. How many days do the donations last
A. 5. B. 6. C. 13. D. 18.
23. At which place are the donations collected on South Campus
A. Myles Standish Hall. B. 1019 Commonwealth Ave.
C. Community Service Center. D. 518 Park Dr near the mailroom.
B
In 2010, Barack Obama was to pay a visit to Mumbai’s Gandhi Museum, where palm(棕榈)trees full of me dotted the grounds. The president knew me well-coconuts (椰子)are a part of life in Indonesia, where he spent his boyhood. Before his visit, Indian authorities, however, removed every last sign of me around the museum. They were afraid the president of the United States would be taken out by one of me falling on his head.
Let’s get this out of the way: My reputation as the “killer fruit” of countless innocents was then and still is a misbelief. A repeatedly misinterpreted 1984 study overstated the number of deaths I caused by hitting people on the head, and the word spread. Today, the only things about me “to die for” are the sometimes too-delicious foods you humans make with me, such as cookies and pies. A decade ago, health experts briefly gave me a halo because some of my fats may raise beneficial cholesterol (胆固醇). But ask a heart doctor today and they’ll tell you that coconut oil will raise your bad cholesterol as much. Death by coconut, indeed!
People have other wrong ideas about me. But allow me to leave you with a sweet presidential tale. A World War II boat commanded by one John F.Kennedy was destroyed in 1943 by a Japanese warship. Kennedy and his surviving crew were stuck on an island. They were suffering from hunger, thirst and injuries when they met two friendly native coast-watchers. Kennedy scratched a message into a coconut shell: “NAURO ISL...COMMANDER...11 ALIVE...NEED SMALL BOAT...KENNEDY.”
The coast-watchers delivered this successfully and all the crew were saved. Years later, the coconut shell was given to the newly elected president. It sat on his office desk throughout his presidency and now is a center-piece of the John F.Kennedy Library in Boston-as the proof that we coconuts don’t take lives, we save them.
24. Why did Indian officials get rid of “me”
A. To reduce Obama’s fear. B. To avoid unexpected injuries.
C. To show their welcome tradition. D. To follow the request from the US.
25. Which of the following can replace the underlined words in paragraph 2
A. thought little of me B. did great damage to me
C. made me well-known D. brought me a good name
26. How does the author sound in the passage
A. Amusing. B. Anxious. C. Concerned. D. Romantic.
27. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To show a new discovery. B. To correct people’s misbelief.
C. To tell the history of coconuts. D. To describe a successful rescue.
C
A decade ago, many Japanese were so embarrassed to be seen eating alone in the school or office cafeteria that they'd choose to eat in a single bathroom. Appearing friendless was a no-no, leading to a phenomenon — taking a “toilet lunch”
“Japan is changing in a big way ” says Miki Tateishi who serves drinks at Bar Hitori (hitori means “one person”) in Tokyo designed for certain drinkers. The bar, which opened in mid-2018, represents an unusual opportunity to go out and drink by oneself in conformity (遵从)-driven Japan And it's doing well: Instead of hiding in toilets, people are stepping out and accepting their being seen alone.
Yet Bar Hitori is by no means the only example of how businesses are changing to accommodate people who want to do things by themselves. From dining to nightlife to travel, new options catering specifically to individuals have appeared in recent years. It’s known as the ohitorisama movement: People bravely choose to do things alone regardless of others’ opinions. But in a country where being pan of the group has always been highly-prized, it is a big deal. However, negative social pressures around being alone have reduced. “These social pressures you have to get married, or you have to have a child are decreasing,” says Matsushita. a senior consultant Japan’s largest economic research firm.
And it's not the decrease in population but the appearance of more flexible attitudes about how lives can be lived that has helped ohitorisama to boom. “It’s only 10 years ago they said ‘lunch in a toilet’,” says Matsushita. “But, after 10 years, we have so many services for people alone. People tend to think positively about being alone.”
28. What do customers most probably do at Bar Hitori
A. Chat with their friends. B. Take a “toilet lunch”.
C. Volunteer to serve drinks. D. Have drinks alone.
29. What can be inferred in Japan according to Matsushita
A. “Lunch in a toilet” isn't accepted.
B. Being alone is supported at present.
C. Young people approve of early marriage.
D. Services for people alone should be improved.
30. Why has ohitorisama developed
A. Tolerant attitudes appear. B. The economy grows.
C. The population reduces. D. Social pressures increase.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Rise of Japan’s “toilet lunch” B. The dilemma of young Japanese
C. Japan’s culture of being alone D. A booming new business in Japan
D
Researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center mapped brain changes after a year of aerobic workouts and uncovered a potentially significant process: Exercise increases blood flow into two key areas of the brain associated with memory.
The study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, showed this blood flow can help even older people with memory issues improve cognition, a finding that could guide future Alzheimer's disease research, according to UT Southwestern Medical Center.
In the study researchers followed 30 participants who were 60 or older and had memory problems. Half experienced a year of aerobic exercise while the other half did stretches. “We've shown that even when your memory starts to fade, you can still do something about it by adding aerobic exercise to your lifestyle," said Binu Thomas, a senior research scientist of UT Southwestern Medical Center who led the study. "The aerobic exercise group showed a 47% improvement in some memory scores after a year; the other group showed slight change. Brain imaging of the aerobic exercise group, taken while at rest at the beginning and end of the study, showed increased blood flew into the specific brain areas that played important roles in memory function."
Many teams across the world are trying to determine if aerobic exercise might fight memory loss. Evidence is growing that it could at least play a small role in delaying or reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease. For example, a 2018 study showed that people with lower fitness levels experienced faster retrogression of vital nerve fibers in the brain called white matter related to memory.
“Blood flow in the brain connected with memory improvement is still a part of the puzzle, and we need to continue piecing it together," Thomas says. "But we've seen enough date to know that starting a fitness program can have lifelong benefits for our brains as well as our hearts."
32. What is the study mainly about
A. Old people have memory issues. B. Exercise improves memory.
C. Aerobic workouts benefit mental health. D. Alzheimer's disease can be cured.
33. What happened to participants after one-year aerobic exercise
A. Earlier memories were refreshed. B. Memory scores showed very small change.
C. Brain imaging remained the same. D. More blood flew into memory-related areas.
34. What does the underlined word “retrogression” mean in the fourth paragraph
A. Growth. B. Recovery. C. Decline. D. Extension.
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Further research work requires doing.
B. More people experience memory loss.
C. Mystery of brain blood flow has been solved.
D. Signs of memory loss can be discovered earlier.
江苏省南通如皋市2022届高三下学期适应性考试（一）英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What’s for 2022 the UK theme parks To give you a helping hand we’ve highlighted some of the best new rides, parks and attractions not to miss on your radar.
Alton Towers
Alton Towers has announced several new attractions in CBeebies Land will open in spring 2022.
There will be a new Hey Duggee themed play and adventure land for kids complete with appearances from Hey Duggee himself a brand new JoJo & Gran Gran At Home attraction with fun activities, and a brand new interactive show, Andy’s Adventures Dinosaur Dig, where families can discover plenty of prehistoric sights and sounds in the immersive experience.
Legoland
Legoland has announced a brand new attraction for 2022 which is sure to be a hit with kids who can’t get enough of building Lego creations. ‘The Brick’ will open in spring 2022 and will offer hundreds of thousands of Lego bricks for families to play with. Last year the resort also opened a huge new land inspired by mythical creatures complete with new rides and the UK’s first flying theatre ride.
Thorpe Park
Although no new rides are scheduled for 2022, the resort is currently in a public consultation period following a proposal for a new rollercoaster which would be tipped to become the tallest rollercoaster in the UK.
Walt Disney World
Walt Disney World is going all out for 2022 as it celebrates its 50th anniversary. Expect dazzling shows, iconic landmarks such as Cinderella Castle being transformed into a one of four Beacons of Light, and 50 golden statues celebrating iconic characters.
1. How many new attractions will be open in CBeebies Land
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
2. What do we learn about Thorpe Park
A. It has the tallest rollercoaster in the UK.
B It doesn’t have any new rides for 2022.
C. It submitted plans for children’s rides.
D. It is under construction of a rollercoaster.
3. In which park can visitors enjoy the golden statues
A. Alton Towers B. Legoland. C. Thorpe Park. D. Walt Disney World.
B
Seven-year-old Kai Clay is suffering from a skin condition that sees his skin crack and drop “like a snake”, but despite the agonizing pain, he is said to always be smiling.
Young Kai has been hailed “extremely brave” and “like a warrior” by his mother, Nikita, for battling on each day with Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris (PRP), incurable and rare condition that causes constant inflammation and scaling of the skin, dry eyes and thickened palms and soles, which often crack and bleed.
The condition is believed to affect only one in 400,000 people and puts him at risk of life-threatening blood infections. His mum is “heartbroken” at the thought of him having to deal with this his entire life, but at the same time admits his strength “blows her mind”.
She said: “I just find it mind-blowing how a seven-year-old kid can just smile through it all. Kai is removing skin daily-his whole body is very flaky so when he wakes up in the morning there’s dead skin all over his bed. His eyelids also tum inside out and go really red, dry and sore to the point that it’s really hard to open and close his eyes.” The mum continued: “It just breaks my heart every single time, especially because there is nothing I can do about it.”
Kai now has to have three eye drops a day, a steroid cream once or twice a day, a moisturizing cream three times a day and a bath in ointments every night to manage his condition. He also has a tablet daily and an injection every two weeks of pain relief medication but even with that he often misses weeks of school at a time during painful flare-ups.
After sharing the story. Nikita expressed her hope to raise awareness for her son’s condition in hopes there might one day be a cure. She added: “Not a lot of people even know it’s a thing and there isn’t enough research because it’s that rare.”
4. What can we learn about Kai from the passage
A. He is always laughed at by others.
B. He wants to snake along the road.
C. He is diagnosed with a rare disease.
D. He enjoys smiling at his mother.
5. What does the mother want to express in Paragraph 4
A. Kai’s strength and bravery.
B. Kai’s worsening disease.
C. Kai’s inspiring experience.
D. Kai’s unique way of life.
6. Why did the mother share the story
A. To argue against present research.
B. To offer ways of managing the disease.
C. To demonstrate her son’s personality.
D. To draw public attention to the disease.
7. Which of the following can he the best title for the passage
A. A blood infection transformed into a disease
B. The pain relief: an increasing concern
C. Mom praises her little warrior son
D. Smiling: a way to get rid of pain
C
There are lots of nice stories about the protection of nature as humans suspend their activity however, this slowdown is not all good news. New York City, for example, has suspended its organic recycling program. That means thousands of tons of rubbish that would have been recycled last year will find their way to landfills (垃圾填埋地) instead this year.
Like other New Yorkers, I recycled my kitchen waste and other organic materials. When they are broken down, they produce methane (a gas without color or smell), which if let loose can be harmful to the atmosphere. But when controlled in a way, the methane can be put to use as alternative energy. Plus, there is a by-product fertilizer (肥料), which can be sold on the market.
Now those thousands of tons of rubbish will be trucked away to landfills in Ohio and other remote places. It’s definitely a backward step in our fight against climate change. Government leaders may get some inspiration from New York City’s Freshkills Park.
The park is a best-case scenario (设想) for what can happen to mountains of rubbish. It was originally the Freshkills Landfill which received rubbish for more than half a century. In 2001, the landfill was closed. The Freshkills Park, around three times the size of Central Park, will be opened in 2035.
What is under the park is pretty complex, even if it just looks like a grassy hill. There are a few layers, each for different purposes. As for the methane, the park has hundreds of wells to capture the gas, which is enough to power 20,000 homes. Trees are tricky at the park because their roots can’t go that far down. As well, most grasslands only have shallow-rooted grasses so that the staff can easily get access to the wellheads.
The project brings good news to the grasshopper sparrows. These birds are of conservation concern in New York State. Today, the grasshopper sparrows in New York State call this former landfill their home. So do foxes, deer and other animals.
Although it will take over a decade before the park fully opens, it has worked well so far. Besides this project, it’s expected that similarly brilliant plans for the new rubbish will come out soon. Ideally, the organic recycling program gets reenacted (重新制定) in New York City before too long. Otherwise, there are some other similarly brilliant plans for all the new rubbish that will be coming soon.
8. What can we know about organic materials
A. They will be replaced by other energy.
B. They are beneficial to the environment.
C. They have great value if handled properly.
D. They can be hardly controlled or recycled.
9. What is the author’s attitude towards trucking New York City’s rubbish away
A. Indifferent.
B. Doubtful.
C. Optimistic.
D. Negative.
10. What can we infer about the Freshkills Park
A It has limited water resources.
B. It gives the landfill a new look.
C. It is very similar to Central Park.
D. it turns farmlands into grasslands.
11. What does the author mainly want to express in the last but one paragraph
A. Parks are an ideal place for many animals.
B. The project aims to restore animal habitats.
C. New York has a large species of wild animals.
D. The project contributes to wildlife protection.
D
Wholesale prices for gas and electricity are increasing suddenly across Europe,raising the possibility of increases in already-high utility (公共事业）bills and further pain for people who have taken a financial hit fromCOVID-19.
Governments are struggling to find ways to limit costs to consumers as scant natural gas reserves present yet another potential problem, exposing the continent to even more price increases and possible shortages if it’s a cold winter.
In the U.K., many people will see their gas and electricity bills rise next month after the nation’s energy regulator approved a 12% price increase for those without contracts that lock in rates. Officials in Italy have warned that prices will increase by 40% for the quarter that will be billed in October.
There are multiple causes for the price increases, energy analysts say, including tight supplies of natural gas used to generate electricity, higher costs for permits to release carbon dioxide as part of Europe’s fight against climate change, and less supply from wind in some cases.
Analysts at S&P Global Platts say electricity prices have risen due to strong demand from places like data centers and electric cars, but above all because of the rise in the price of natural gas used in generating plants. Utility companies’ exposure to natural gas prices has increased as high-emission coal plants have been retired, while utilities face higher costs for carbon allowances required by the European Union’s emissions trading system, which is aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.
The tight gas market could bite even more sharply if there’s an unusually cold winter. That’s because European distributors did not refill reserves reduced during last winter as they typically had done in summer months. In March 2008, when the freeze named “the beast from the east” hit Europe, industrial users in the U.K got a notice that there was a risk of interruption, although it didn’t come to that.
Could Europe run out of gas “The short answer is Yes, this is a real risk,” said James Huckstepp, an analyst at S&P Global Platts. “Storage stocks are at record lows and there isn’t currently any spare supply capacity that is exportable anywhere in the world.The longer answer is that it’s hard to predict how it will play out given that Europe has never run out of gas in two decades under the current distribution system.”
12. What does the underlined word “scant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Total. B. Additional. C. Limited. D. Regular.
13. What has actually led to the rise of electricity prices
A. The closure of some coal plants.
B. The great demand for electric cars.
C. The competition between utility companies.
D. The change in the emissions trading system.
14. Why could an unusually cold winter make the gas market tighter
A. More natural gas will be needed for industrial use.
B. European distributors don’t make good preparations.
C. It is not easy to fill reserves during the cold weather.
D. Utility companies work can be easily interrupted.
15. What can we learn from James Huckstepp’s words in the last paragraph
A. Europe is expected to seek help from other countries.
B. It is hard to control the gas price in Europe at present.
C. Europe might face a serious shortage of gas in the future.
D. There’s something wrong with Europe’s distribution system.
参考答案
2022届江苏省南通市等苏北七市高三第二次调研测试英语试题
【1~3题答案】
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章以My favourite Books为题，介绍了作家Catherine Chung最喜欢的书籍。
【1题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章标题“My favourite Books—Posted by Catherine Chung.a great writer(我最喜欢的书由——Chung发布。一个伟大的作家)”可知，本文是以作家Catherine Chung为第一视角的记叙文，介绍她喜欢的书，由此可推知文中的第一人称I，指的是Catherine Chung，故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro段落内容“Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university. She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study. She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics.(科瓦列夫斯卡娅是一名19世纪的数学家，当时欧洲大部分国家都不允许女性上大学。她嫁给了一个答应带她去德国学习的人。她在这一领域做出了重大贡献，成为俄罗斯第一位获得数学博士学位的女性。)”可知，Too Much Happiness 这本书是关于俄罗斯女数学家的先驱科瓦列夫斯卡娅的，故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang段落内容中的“This collection contains several maths stories.(这本合集里有几个数学故事。)”；The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa段落内容中的“It's about a woman who comes to work for a once-great mathematician.(故事讲的是一个女人为一位曾经伟大的数学家工作。)”；Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro段落内容中的“Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician(科瓦列夫斯卡娅是一名19世纪的数学家)”以及The Ore Miner's Wife by Karl Iagnemma段落内容中的“It is about a miner who thinks he's discovered the proof to the problem: construct a square,equal in area to a given circle. (它是关于一个矿工的，他认为自己发现了问题的证明:构造一个正方形，面积等于一个给定的圆。)”可知，列出的书籍具有的共同点是它们都包括数学。故选B。
【4~7题答案】
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了纳拉扬斯瓦米从57岁开始学习飞行的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The next day Narayanswami, who was 57at the time, arranged to meet an instructor. I said “Aren’t I too old ”He said “We've got students in their 80s.”（第二天，当时57岁的纳拉扬斯瓦米安排见了一位教练。我说“我不会太老了吗？”他说“我们有80多岁的学生。”）”可知，纳拉扬斯瓦米本来还是有些担心自己年龄太大了，听到教练的话，是比较令人鼓舞的，故选择D项。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“My mother made a promise.As long as you are getting an education we will not look for a husband for you.（我母亲答应了只要你接受教育，我们就不会为你找丈夫。）”及第三段中“Narayanswami studied biology at Leicester University, then did a PhD at St Andrew, followed by postdoctoral research at the University of California（纳拉扬斯瓦米在莱斯特大学学习生物学，然后在圣安得烈大学获得博士学位，随后在加利福尼亚大学进行博士后研究。）”可知，此处that的指代的是上文中提到的接受教育能帮助她摆脱包办婚姻，故选择B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Even now, at 66,she says: “I haven't been able to figure out how to deal with it. It doesn’t go away.”The racist bullying she received as a child has cast a very long shadow.（即使到了现在，66岁的她说：“我还不知道如何应对，这种感觉挥之不去。”她小时候受到的种族主义欺凌给她留下了很深阴影。）”可知，纳拉扬斯瓦米认为美国宇航局的拒绝是出于对她的偏见，故选择A项，
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“And it offers a different perspective. “I can see eagles, bears, mountain lions, birds of prey. I love the beauty of the clouds. They are like hills. Vaster than our hills,” she says.（它提供了一个不同的视角。她说：“我能看到鹰、熊、山狮、猛禽。我喜欢云朵的美丽。它们像山一样。比我们的山还要广阔。”）”可知，飞行给她带来了生活的另一种维度，故选择B项。
【8~11题答案】
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过倡议孩子手写书信形式，强调了手写的重要性，随着科技的发展，手写同样是不会过时，而是与时俱进，与科技共存。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The initiative sees children and their elderly pen pals(笔友)exchange updates about their lives,helping to build relationships between generations while also giving the children an understanding of the value of writing letters by hand—an activity that's becoming less and less common.”(这项倡议看到了孩子们和他们的老笔友交流关于他们生活的最新信息，帮助建立代际关系，同时也让孩子们了解手写信件的价值——这种活动越来越不常见了。)以及第二段“All of our writing is for a purpose. That's the key in getting children to value handwriting.”（我们所有的写作都是有目的的。这是让孩子们重视书法的关键。）可知学校发起这项倡议是为了帮助孩子们发现手写的含义。故选A项。
【9题详解】
段落大意题。根据第三段“The school maintains a focus on handwriting throughout the years,from dedicated handwriting classes in the prep school to a calligraphy club offered to the older groups. It has created something called the pen license. It allows younger children to move from using a pencil to pen once they've reached a certain standard.”（学校多年来一直专注于书法，从预备学校专门的书法课程到为老年群体提供的书法俱乐部。它创造了一种叫做钢笔许可的东西。 它允许年幼的孩子在达到一定标准后，从使用铅笔转向使用钢笔。）可知，第三段主要说明了这所学校在书法上的实践。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The dominance of technology is a challenge, she admits, but she also believes both tools have their place." Obviously we're competing with technology continuously. (她承认，技术的主导地位是一个挑战，但她也认为这两种工具都有自己的位置。“显然，我们在不断与技术竞争)”可推知，手写将与技术共存。故选C项。
【11题详解】
标题判断题。根据文章大意，可知文章开篇引出了让孩子们手写信件的话题，然后讲述了手写的意义和重要性，最后论述了它会和科技竞争共存。可以推断，Putting pen to paper contributes to a love of the written word（在纸上书写有助于对文字的热爱）符合题意。故选D项。
【12~15题答案】
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项针对老年痴呆症的重大研究表明，中年时每晚经常睡6小时或更少的人比那些每天睡7小时的人更容易患痴呆症。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究人员对此的看法和建议。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchers found a 30% greater risk of dementia in those who during their 50s, 60s and 70s consistently had a short night's sleep, regardless of other risk factors such as heart condition and poor mental health.(研究人员发现，无论是否存在心脏病和心理健康状况不佳等其他风险因素，那些在五六十岁和七十岁时夜间睡眠持续不足的人患痴呆症的风险要高出30%)”可知，这篇文章关注的是痴呆的风险因素是睡眠不足。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sabia, an author of the study at the university of Paris and her colleagues analyzed survey data from University College London's Whitehall study, which launched in 1985 and followed the health and lifestyles of more than 10,000 British volunteers. (巴黎大学研究报告的作者之一Sabia和她的同事分析了伦敦大学学院白厅研究的调查数据。该研究于1985年启动，跟踪调查了1万多名英国志愿者的健康和生活方式)”可知，法国科学家通过分析以前的调查数据得到研究结果。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“The study does not prove that sleeping too little causes dementia, since sleep loss itself may be one of the earliest symptoms of the disease. But some scientists believe the results strengthen evidence that continuous poor sleep may at least contribute to the disease.(这项研究并没有证明睡眠太少会导致痴呆，因为睡眠不足本身可能是这种疾病的早期症状之一。但一些科学家认为，该研究结果进一步证明，持续睡眠不佳至少可能导致这种疾病)”可推知，科学家们用谨慎的语气谈论这项研究。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““It strengthens the evidence that poor sleep in middle age could cause or worsen dementia in later life,” said Dr Liz Coulthard, a consultant senior lecturer in dementia neurology. “It makes sense to take measures to improve sleep such as going outside during daylight hours to help maintain the natural rhythms that promote good sleep, avoiding too much alcohol or caffeine, particularly before bed, and finding a bedtime routine that works for you.”(老年痴呆症神经学高级顾问讲师Liz Coulthard博士说：“这进一步证明了中年睡眠不佳可能导致或恶化老年痴呆症。采取措施改善睡眠是有道理的，比如白天外出以保持促进良好睡眠的自然节奏，避免过多的酒精或咖啡因，尤其是在睡前，找到适合自己的就寝时间。”)”可推知，最后一段的目的是提供建议。故选C。
2022届江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模英语考前适应卷
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个英国的主题公园以及它们各自的特色。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Chessington World of Adventures部分关键句“The park also provides added family value with the opportunity to get a close-up interaction with animals.”（该公园还提供了附加的家庭价值，有机会与动物进行近距离互动。）可知，在Chessington World of Adventures，有机会与动物进行近距离互动。由此可知，如果一个家庭想要与动物互动，推荐的是Chessington World of Adventures。故选C项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。本题需要找出这四个主题公园有什么共同点。根据Drayton Manor部分关键句“making it well suited to pre-and primary school children”（使它非常适合学龄前和小学儿童）可知，Drayton Manor是适合孩子们的公园。根据Paultons Family Theme Park部分关键句“and is best for families with young children”（最适合有小孩的家庭）可知，Paultons Family Theme Park也是适合孩子们的公园。根据Chessington World of Adventures部分关键句“The park also provides added family value with the opportunity to get a close-up interaction with animals”（该公园还提供了附加的家庭价值，有机会与动物进行近距离互动）可知，在Chessington World of Adventures可以与动物互动，也是适合孩子们的公园。根据Legoland Windsor部分关键句“This is the entry-level theme park for families with kids below the age of 12”（这是一个入门级的主题公园，面向有12岁以下儿童的家庭）可知，Legoland Windsor也是适合孩子们的公园。由此可推断出，四个主题公园的共同点在于它们都是孩子们的理想选择。故选A项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容及第一段关键句“From Alton Towers to Legoland, our experts pick their favorite British theme parks”（从Alton Towers到Legoland，我们的专家们挑选出他们最喜欢的英国主题公园）可知，本文主要介绍了四个英国的主题公园以及它们各自的特色。由此可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍主题公园。故选C项。
【24~27题答案】
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在国外的经历，这些经历和磨难让作者变得更加坚强和自信。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。结合上文以及根据第一段 “ Now I was in Washington, DC and I didn’t know what the word “accomplishment” meant. So all I could say was “I don’t know”.(现在我在华盛顿，我不知道“accomplishment(成就)”这个词是什么意思)”可知，作者在巴西取得了很多值得骄傲的成就，但是现在她在华盛顿，被问到以前的成就时，她不知道“accomplishment(成就)”这个词的意思，可见她是不知所措的。因此，当被问及她以前的成就时，作者的反应是C项“She was at a loss.(她不知所措)”符合题意，故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“I had decided to do a postdoc abroad because I thought the training would help me secure a teaching position.(我决定去国外做一名博士后，因为我认为这种培训会帮助我获得一个教学职位。)”可知，作者决定去国外做一名博士后，认为这种培训很有价值，能够让她获得经验，帮助她获得一个教学职位。因此，作者出国的原因是D项“To gain experience for a position.(为一个职位获得经验)”符合题意，故选D项。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“I was attending my first group meeting in the lab as a postdoc, and I was pleased that I could follow most of the discussion. Then, in front of everyone, the professor turned to me and asked about my previous accomplishments. I froze. (我作为博士后参加了我在实验室的第一次小组会议，我很高兴能跟上大部分讨论。然后，在大家面前，教授转向我，问我以前的成就。我愣住了)”可知，作者作为博士后参加了实验室的第一次小组会议，问她以前的成就，她愣住了，没有给出合适的回答。这件事让她的自信心受到了打击。因此，第1段中带下划线的“it”是指的是A项“I didn’t give a proper response in a lab meeting.(我在实验室会议上没有给出正确的回答)”符合题意，故选A项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“My confidence is back. I feel a little like Wonder Woman.(我的信心恢复了。我觉得有点像神奇女侠)”可知，经过一番打击以后，作者并没有灰心，而是果断采取行动，积极与她人互动，经过不断的练习，她的自信心恢复了，那些经历和磨难让作者变得更加坚强和自信，感觉自己像一个神奇的女侠。因此，文本的最佳标题是B项“I found my inside Wonder Woman(我找到了我内心的神奇女侠)”符合题意，故选B项。
【28~31题答案】
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章对“暴风雨前的宁静”这一情况做出了科学的解释，说明了一种计算暴风雨距离的窍门，并且提到实时更新天气预报才是预测天气最可靠的方法。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.(它通常用来描述在一个非常紧张的情况或争论之前的一段平静