2023届高三英语二轮复习语法填空无提示词连词—定语从句解题技巧课件(共25张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习语法填空无提示词连词—定语从句解题技巧课件(共25张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-01-05 21:01:50 | ||
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(共25张PPT)
定语从句解题技巧
语法填空无提示词
--连词
定语从句的概念
关系词（关系代词和关系副词）
定语从句的解题技巧
Ⅰ
2
3
Contents
定语从句的概念
定语从句就是在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词
的从句，通常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面。被修饰 的词叫先行词。定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导， 关系代词或关系副词代表先行词并在定语从句中充当句
子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语，关系副词作状
语。即：
什么是定语从句？
has found the book that she lost in the library last week. 她已经找到了她上星期在图书馆丢的那本书。
句中，the book 是被修饰的名词，即先行词；that … last
名词或代词(先行词)+定语从句(关系词+其余部分)
She
week是定语从句，其中that是引导定语从句的关系 代词，代表的是the book ，在定语从句中作lost的宾语。
关系词
（关系代词和关系副词）
关系词（关系代词和关系副词）
关系词 先行词 关系词在从句中所充当的成分
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
that 人/物 主语/宾语
which 物 主语/宾语
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
定语从句的解题技巧
定语从句——4步法确定关系词
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
第一步： 确定是 定语从句 1.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759. 2.(2020·天津卷改编)Dr.Rowan，____________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 3.(2021·广东省高考模拟测试二)The Rio Carnival is without doubt something ____________ everyone should add to his or her bucket list. 分析句子结构，设空处是无提示词， 设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
1.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759.
which/that
[考查定语从句。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。]
2.(2020·天津卷改编)Dr.Rowan，____________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.
whose
1.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759.
which/that
[考查定语从句。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。]
2.(2020·天津卷改编)Dr.Rowan，____________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.
[考查定语从句。secretary与Dr.Rowan之间为所属关系，所以应用whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语。]
whose
[句意：毫无疑问，狂欢节是每个人都应该添加到他或她的愿望清单上的东西。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，故用关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作宾语。]
3.(2021·广东省高考模拟测试二)The Rio Carnival is without doubt something ____________ everyone should add to his or her bucket list.
that
思维定向 典题试做
第二步： 分清限制 与非限制 4.(2021·长沙市雅礼中学一模) In most addictions, people feel forced to do certain activities so often that they become a harmful habit, ____________ then affects other important activities such as work or school.
5.(2021·兰州市第二次实战考试)However, it is a very complex activity ____________ involves almost all psychological processes including sensation, perception, motor behavior, motivation, attention, emotion, cognition and all kinds of memory.
6.(2020·天津卷改编)____________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
解题原则
在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。
1.that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2.which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”。
3.as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。
4.(2021·长沙市雅礼中学一模) In most addictions, people feel forced to do certain activities so often that they become a harmful habit, ____________ then affects other important activities such as work or school.
5.(2021·兰州市第二次实战考试)However, it is a very complex activity ____________ involves almost all psychological processes including sensation, perception, motor behavior, motivation, attention, emotion, cognition and all kinds of memory.
which
句意：在大多数上瘾症中，人们感到被迫经常做某些活动，以至于成为一种有害的习惯。然后这会影响到其他活动，例如工作和学习。根据句子结构判定本句为非限制性定语从句，空格处所缺的关系词指代前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。
that/which
句意：然而，它是一项非常复杂的活动，涉及几乎所有的心理过程，包括感觉、知觉、运动行为、动机、注意力、情绪、认知和各种记忆。设空处是一个定语从句修饰先行词activity，关系词在从句中作主语，所以填that/which。
6.(2020·天津卷改编)____________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
As
句意：正如第四段所述，当你安静地坐在角落里看一本好书时，带着你的孩子看半个小时的故事是一种放松。As “正如”符合语境。
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
第三步： 寻找先行 词，判断属 性(指人还 是指物，表 时间、地点 还是原因) 7.(2021·汉中市模拟一)Robinson does not remember anything from the accident, but he will never forget the man ____________ saved his life. 8.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ____________ paintings were almost lifelike. 9.(2020·天津卷改编)Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, ____________ he gave it to his grandson. 1.先行词指人：
that/who/whom/whose；
2.先行词指物：
that/which/whose等；
3.表时间/地点/原因：
when/where/why。
7.(2021·汉中市模拟一)Robinson does not remember anything from the accident, but he will never forget the man ____________ saved his life.
8.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ____________ paintings were almost lifelike.
9.(2020·天津卷改编)Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, ____________ he gave it to his grandson.
who/that
句意：鲁宾逊对事故的任何事情都不记得了，但他永远也不会忘记那个救了他命的人。空处引导定语从句，先行词the man，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。
whose
句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。
when
句意：史密斯先生持有这幅油画到20世纪90年代初，同年他把它给了他的孙子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the early 1990s, 并在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
思维定向 典题试做
第四步： 判断从句中 所缺成分， 确定关系词 10.(2019·北京卷改编)The students benefitting most from college are those ____________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源).
11.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
12.(2021·襄阳五中高三5月冲刺) For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie is a place ____________ we must visit.
解题原则
1.缺少主语：that/which/who；
2.缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
3.缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；
4.缺少定语：whose；
5.缺少时间、地点或原因状语时；分别用when, where, why。
10.(2019·北京卷改编)The students benefitting most from college are those ____________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源).
11.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
12.(2021·襄阳五中高三5月冲刺) For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie is a place ____________ we must visit.
who
分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，修饰先行词those，指大学生们，故填who。
where
句意：由于月球阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a spot，且在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
that/which
句意：张家界是一个我们一定要去的地方。分析句子可知，此句为限定性定语从句，先行词为a place，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。
【名师点拨】 “介词＋关系代词”的使用3规则
构成 用法
介词(短语)＋which/whom 介词提前时，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom
数词/形容词最高级/不定代词＋of＋which/whom 表示部分与整体的关系
the＋名词＋of＋which/whom 表示所属关系，可转化为“whose＋名词”
【易错辨析】
1.(1)They live in a small house, in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.
(2)They live in a small house, and in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.
which
it
两句的区别是有无连词and。句(1)中，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作of的宾语，先行词为a small house，表示物，故填which；句(2)中，and连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的a small house，故填it。
2.(1)The old man has three sons, none of ____________ is a doctor.
(2)The old man has three sons, but none of____________ is a doctor.
两句的区别是有无连词but。句(1)中，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词表示人，且作of的宾语，故填whom；句(2)中，but连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的three sons，且作of的宾语，故填them。
whom
them
Thank you for listening
定语从句解题技巧
语法填空无提示词
--连词
定语从句的概念
关系词（关系代词和关系副词）
定语从句的解题技巧
Ⅰ
2
3
Contents
定语从句的概念
定语从句就是在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词
的从句，通常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面。被修饰 的词叫先行词。定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导， 关系代词或关系副词代表先行词并在定语从句中充当句
子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语，关系副词作状
语。即：
什么是定语从句？
has found the book that she lost in the library last week. 她已经找到了她上星期在图书馆丢的那本书。
句中，the book 是被修饰的名词，即先行词；that … last
名词或代词(先行词)+定语从句(关系词+其余部分)
She
week是定语从句，其中that是引导定语从句的关系 代词，代表的是the book ，在定语从句中作lost的宾语。
关系词
（关系代词和关系副词）
关系词（关系代词和关系副词）
关系词 先行词 关系词在从句中所充当的成分
who 人 主语/宾语
whom 人 宾语
that 人/物 主语/宾语
which 物 主语/宾语
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
定语从句的解题技巧
定语从句——4步法确定关系词
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
第一步： 确定是 定语从句 1.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759. 2.(2020·天津卷改编)Dr.Rowan，____________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 3.(2021·广东省高考模拟测试二)The Rio Carnival is without doubt something ____________ everyone should add to his or her bucket list. 分析句子结构，设空处是无提示词， 设空后的句子不完整，且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
1.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759.
which/that
[考查定语从句。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。]
2.(2020·天津卷改编)Dr.Rowan，____________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.
whose
1.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759.
which/that
[考查定语从句。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。]
2.(2020·天津卷改编)Dr.Rowan，____________ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.
[考查定语从句。secretary与Dr.Rowan之间为所属关系，所以应用whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语。]
whose
[句意：毫无疑问，狂欢节是每个人都应该添加到他或她的愿望清单上的东西。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，故用关系代词that引导从句，在从句中作宾语。]
3.(2021·广东省高考模拟测试二)The Rio Carnival is without doubt something ____________ everyone should add to his or her bucket list.
that
思维定向 典题试做
第二步： 分清限制 与非限制 4.(2021·长沙市雅礼中学一模) In most addictions, people feel forced to do certain activities so often that they become a harmful habit, ____________ then affects other important activities such as work or school.
5.(2021·兰州市第二次实战考试)However, it is a very complex activity ____________ involves almost all psychological processes including sensation, perception, motor behavior, motivation, attention, emotion, cognition and all kinds of memory.
6.(2020·天津卷改编)____________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
解题原则
在先行词的后面出现逗号的，是非限制性定语从句。
1.that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2.which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容，which意为“这一点”。
3.as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。
4.(2021·长沙市雅礼中学一模) In most addictions, people feel forced to do certain activities so often that they become a harmful habit, ____________ then affects other important activities such as work or school.
5.(2021·兰州市第二次实战考试)However, it is a very complex activity ____________ involves almost all psychological processes including sensation, perception, motor behavior, motivation, attention, emotion, cognition and all kinds of memory.
which
句意：在大多数上瘾症中，人们感到被迫经常做某些活动，以至于成为一种有害的习惯。然后这会影响到其他活动，例如工作和学习。根据句子结构判定本句为非限制性定语从句，空格处所缺的关系词指代前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。
that/which
句意：然而，它是一项非常复杂的活动，涉及几乎所有的心理过程，包括感觉、知觉、运动行为、动机、注意力、情绪、认知和各种记忆。设空处是一个定语从句修饰先行词activity，关系词在从句中作主语，所以填that/which。
6.(2020·天津卷改编)____________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
As
句意：正如第四段所述，当你安静地坐在角落里看一本好书时，带着你的孩子看半个小时的故事是一种放松。As “正如”符合语境。
思维定向 典题试做 解题原则
第三步： 寻找先行 词，判断属 性(指人还 是指物，表 时间、地点 还是原因) 7.(2021·汉中市模拟一)Robinson does not remember anything from the accident, but he will never forget the man ____________ saved his life. 8.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ____________ paintings were almost lifelike. 9.(2020·天津卷改编)Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, ____________ he gave it to his grandson. 1.先行词指人：
that/who/whom/whose；
2.先行词指物：
that/which/whose等；
3.表时间/地点/原因：
when/where/why。
7.(2021·汉中市模拟一)Robinson does not remember anything from the accident, but he will never forget the man ____________ saved his life.
8.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist ____________ paintings were almost lifelike.
9.(2020·天津卷改编)Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, ____________ he gave it to his grandson.
who/that
句意：鲁宾逊对事故的任何事情都不记得了，但他永远也不会忘记那个救了他命的人。空处引导定语从句，先行词the man，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who/that引导。
whose
句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。
when
句意：史密斯先生持有这幅油画到20世纪90年代初，同年他把它给了他的孙子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the early 1990s, 并在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
思维定向 典题试做
第四步： 判断从句中 所缺成分， 确定关系词 10.(2019·北京卷改编)The students benefitting most from college are those ____________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源).
11.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
12.(2021·襄阳五中高三5月冲刺) For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie is a place ____________ we must visit.
解题原则
1.缺少主语：that/which/who；
2.缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
3.缺少介词的宾语：whom/which；
4.缺少定语：whose；
5.缺少时间、地点或原因状语时；分别用when, where, why。
10.(2019·北京卷改编)The students benefitting most from college are those ____________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源).
11.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
12.(2021·襄阳五中高三5月冲刺) For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie is a place ____________ we must visit.
who
分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，修饰先行词those，指大学生们，故填who。
where
句意：由于月球阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a spot，且在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
that/which
句意：张家界是一个我们一定要去的地方。分析句子可知，此句为限定性定语从句，先行词为a place，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。
【名师点拨】 “介词＋关系代词”的使用3规则
构成 用法
介词(短语)＋which/whom 介词提前时，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom
数词/形容词最高级/不定代词＋of＋which/whom 表示部分与整体的关系
the＋名词＋of＋which/whom 表示所属关系，可转化为“whose＋名词”
【易错辨析】
1.(1)They live in a small house, in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.
(2)They live in a small house, and in front of ____________ stands an orange tree.
which
it
两句的区别是有无连词and。句(1)中，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作of的宾语，先行词为a small house，表示物，故填which；句(2)中，and连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的a small house，故填it。
2.(1)The old man has three sons, none of ____________ is a doctor.
(2)The old man has three sons, but none of____________ is a doctor.
两句的区别是有无连词but。句(1)中，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词表示人，且作of的宾语，故填whom；句(2)中，but连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的three sons，且作of的宾语，故填them。
whom
them
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