2023届高考语法专项：名词课件（37张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2023届高考语法专项：名词课件（37张ppt) |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.4MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-01-06 09:43:35 | ||
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文档简介
(共37张PPT)
名词
主讲教师：Miss Yang
1
2
3
4
名词的功能
名词的数
名词的格
名词作定语
名词的功能
1
凡尔赛 尾款人
网抑云 857 内卷 舔狗 蚌埠住了
熟读深思
指出下列名词或名词短语在句中所作句子成分
1.Zhang Yixing is a singer.
3.He gave me some beautiful flowers .
2.Xiao Zhan’s home is near Wang Yibo’s home.
4.He come there because of his friendship.
表语
主语
动词宾语
主语
介词宾语
介词宾语
5.We made Zhang Yixing our example.
6.We students should study hard.
7.The singer’s signature is on the cover of the album.
8.This albun is of great use.
9.He has a nice vegetable garden.
介词宾语
介词宾语
定语
动词宾语
宾语补足语
同位语
主语
主语
名词在句中可做成分为：
主语 表语 动词宾语 介词宾语
同位语 宾语补足语 定语
高考命题分析
名词是英语中最重要的词类之一。
高考试题主要涉及：
名词的数
名词的格
名词作定语
名词词义辨析
名词的数
2
语法精讲
名词
可数名词：
不可数名词：
表示的人或物本身可用数目计算
个体名词: student
集体名词: class
无法用数目计算
物质名词: water
抽象名词: happiness
有些不可数名词有时可转化为可数名词
考点一
名词的数
可数名词的复数形式
规则名词的复数形式：
1. 一般情况下，在名词后直接加-s；teachers, trees......
2. 以-s,-x,-ch, -sh结尾的名词，需加-es；boxes, watches, glasses......
3. 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，把y变为i,再加-es；story---stories, country-----countries....
4. 以-o结尾的名词多数情况下直接加-s; radios; videos; zoos; tobaccos......
5. 以-f, -fe结尾的名词多数情况下把f或fe变为v，再加-es; selves, lives, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves......
为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半
注意：
以o结尾的下列名词要加es，
Negroes，heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿
2.以f或fe结尾的下列名词要直接加s
gulf roof chief serf
belief proof handkerchief
海湾边屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望
谁说他们没信仰，证据写在手帕上
2.不规则名词的复数形式
①单复同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means（方式），series（系列），species（物种），fish（表示条数时），Japanese,works(工厂）
②形单意复：people，police，youth，cattle
集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。
His family _____ not large. (be)
is
His family ______ all music lovers. (be)
are
2.不规则名词的复数形式
③形复意单：news，physics，politics
④词形变化：man，child，tooth，mouse，medium，ox，foot
注意：
1. 复合名词的复数是把主体名词变为复数形式；不含名词的复合名词则 在词尾加-s
sons-in- law passers-by
grown-ups tooth-brushes
go-betweens
2. man / woman +名词变复数时，作定语的man / woman 和中心词都变复数
man teacher-----men teachers
woman player----- women players
写出下列名词的复数形式
1. bag 2. orange 3. family 4. wish . 5. shelf 6. knife 7. key 8. baby
9. tooth 10. foot 11. sheep 12. Japanese
13. potato 14. radio 15. child 16. fish 17.
Frenchman 18. man doctor
19. watch 20. bus .
bags
oranges
family
wish
shelves
knives
keys
babies
teeth
feet
sheep
Japanese
potatoes
radios
children
fish
Frenchmen
men doctors
watches
buses
不可数名词
1.常考的不可数名词
fun advice weather progress information
bread butter baggage clothing equipment
furniture homework juice luggage
luck music milk meat
production permission practice rice
soup wealth word =(news)
当不可数名词表示个体时，必须使用单位名词(量词)
a piece of advice / bread / chalk / news， etc.
two bottles of ink / milk /wine， etc.
数词+量词+of+名词
papers
goods
glasses
sands
woods
greens
drinks
arms
looks
文件 试卷 报纸 论文
货物 商品
眼镜
沙滩
目录
manners
works
customs
regards
pains
conditions
waters
contents
times
树林
青菜
饮料
武器
时代
外表
礼貌
工厂、著作
海关
问候
努力
条件
水域
2. 特别的不可数名词
3. 名词的数量修饰语
只用来修饰可数名词的词（组）
many, a great / good many , a few, quite a few, not a few, a number of, dozens of, scores of, a good few, large / great numbers of +可数名词复数
many a 许多，+可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数
Many a student is here.
只用来修饰不可数名词的词（组）
much, a little, little, a bit of, not a little, quite a little, no little, a great deal of, a great number of +不可数名词
既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词的词（组）
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large supply of, supplies of, a (large) quantity of, (large) quantities of
作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由quantity的单复数决定
1. (2019北京，语法填空，6）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various (activity) on Earth Day.
2. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).
3. 短文改错：
（1） Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.(2020全国I,短文改错）
（2）My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.(2020全国Ⅲ，短文改错）
activities
causes
chopsticks
family
(3) Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. (2019 全国Ⅱ，短文改错）
jobs
名词的格
3
名词的格
根据名词表示的人或事物是否具有生命来确定其所有格的形式
1. ‘s 所有格
（1）’s所有格（多用于有生命的事物或人）
Tom’s bike Peter’s book the students’s bags
at the doctor’s at my aunt’s
（2）一些表示具体的时间，距离，城镇等的名词也常用’s 所有格
ten minutes’s walk a stone’s throw fifty minutes’ride
Beijing’s education system
2. of所有格（多用于无生命的名词或有定语修饰的有生命的名词）
the cost of living the city of Beijing
the arrival of the visitors a story of love and hate
the name of the boy standing there
3. 双重所有格
（1）名词+of+名词所有格
a picture of my uncle’s
（2）名词+of+名词性物主代词
some books of yours
（3）表部分概念，of前通常有表数量的限制词a, some, one, several, no,few.....
Some books of my sister’s are on the desk
（4）表赞赏或厌恶等感彩时， of前通常有指示代词this, that, these, those
My father doesn’t like these habits of Peter’s .
That white dog of your sister’s is really lovely.
注意：
１.如果某物为两人所共有，则在后一个名词末加’s
Jane and Mary’s room 简和玛丽两人的房间
如果不共有，则两个名词都加’s
Jane’s and Mary’s books 简和玛丽各自的书
注意：
2. 部分用to表达所有格的名词
钥匙、答案、桥和路、出入口的所有格用to
the key to the door the answer to the quetion
the bridge to knowledge the way to the school
the exit to the building the entrance to the hall
名词作定语
4
１.名词作定语：主要说明所修饰的名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
（1）一般用的单数形式，即使是常用复数形式的名词（shoes,trousers)
shoe repairers book marks trouser pockets
stone fingures winter holiday country music
（2）有些常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用其复数形式
a sports car a sales director arms production
a custom officer a clothes shop
（3）man/woman +n 变复数时，作定语的man/woman 也要用复数形式
a man student----------two men students
２.作定语的名词一般用单数形式
注意：１man,woman等作定语 时，修饰的名词是复数时，需用复数形式；
two men teachers
2.sale,sport等作定语时，则不管其后名词是单数还是复数，都用复数形式，
a sales manager
a sports meet
随堂演练
5
1. The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
2. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on
the (assume) you’ve made.
3. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronmical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.
4. It is important to pay your (electric) bill on time, as late payment may affect your credit.
5. ------Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life
------Living every day to the full, definitely.
possibility
assumption
explainations
electricity
happiness
6. Some school will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
7. -----Go and say sorry to your mom, Dave.
-----I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with
my (apologize).
8. One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
9. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it
some (think) and then let me know.
10, He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.
adjustment
apologies
stress
thought
identify
Bye
bye!
名词
主讲教师：Miss Yang
1
2
3
4
名词的功能
名词的数
名词的格
名词作定语
名词的功能
1
凡尔赛 尾款人
网抑云 857 内卷 舔狗 蚌埠住了
熟读深思
指出下列名词或名词短语在句中所作句子成分
1.Zhang Yixing is a singer.
3.He gave me some beautiful flowers .
2.Xiao Zhan’s home is near Wang Yibo’s home.
4.He come there because of his friendship.
表语
主语
动词宾语
主语
介词宾语
介词宾语
5.We made Zhang Yixing our example.
6.We students should study hard.
7.The singer’s signature is on the cover of the album.
8.This albun is of great use.
9.He has a nice vegetable garden.
介词宾语
介词宾语
定语
动词宾语
宾语补足语
同位语
主语
主语
名词在句中可做成分为：
主语 表语 动词宾语 介词宾语
同位语 宾语补足语 定语
高考命题分析
名词是英语中最重要的词类之一。
高考试题主要涉及：
名词的数
名词的格
名词作定语
名词词义辨析
名词的数
2
语法精讲
名词
可数名词：
不可数名词：
表示的人或物本身可用数目计算
个体名词: student
集体名词: class
无法用数目计算
物质名词: water
抽象名词: happiness
有些不可数名词有时可转化为可数名词
考点一
名词的数
可数名词的复数形式
规则名词的复数形式：
1. 一般情况下，在名词后直接加-s；teachers, trees......
2. 以-s,-x,-ch, -sh结尾的名词，需加-es；boxes, watches, glasses......
3. 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，把y变为i,再加-es；story---stories, country-----countries....
4. 以-o结尾的名词多数情况下直接加-s; radios; videos; zoos; tobaccos......
5. 以-f, -fe结尾的名词多数情况下把f或fe变为v，再加-es; selves, lives, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves......
为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半
注意：
以o结尾的下列名词要加es，
Negroes，heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿
2.以f或fe结尾的下列名词要直接加s
gulf roof chief serf
belief proof handkerchief
海湾边屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望
谁说他们没信仰，证据写在手帕上
2.不规则名词的复数形式
①单复同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means（方式），series（系列），species（物种），fish（表示条数时），Japanese,works(工厂）
②形单意复：people，police，youth，cattle
集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。
His family _____ not large. (be)
is
His family ______ all music lovers. (be)
are
2.不规则名词的复数形式
③形复意单：news，physics，politics
④词形变化：man，child，tooth，mouse，medium，ox，foot
注意：
1. 复合名词的复数是把主体名词变为复数形式；不含名词的复合名词则 在词尾加-s
sons-in- law passers-by
grown-ups tooth-brushes
go-betweens
2. man / woman +名词变复数时，作定语的man / woman 和中心词都变复数
man teacher-----men teachers
woman player----- women players
写出下列名词的复数形式
1. bag 2. orange 3. family 4. wish . 5. shelf 6. knife 7. key 8. baby
9. tooth 10. foot 11. sheep 12. Japanese
13. potato 14. radio 15. child 16. fish 17.
Frenchman 18. man doctor
19. watch 20. bus .
bags
oranges
family
wish
shelves
knives
keys
babies
teeth
feet
sheep
Japanese
potatoes
radios
children
fish
Frenchmen
men doctors
watches
buses
不可数名词
1.常考的不可数名词
fun advice weather progress information
bread butter baggage clothing equipment
furniture homework juice luggage
luck music milk meat
production permission practice rice
soup wealth word =(news)
当不可数名词表示个体时，必须使用单位名词(量词)
a piece of advice / bread / chalk / news， etc.
two bottles of ink / milk /wine， etc.
数词+量词+of+名词
papers
goods
glasses
sands
woods
greens
drinks
arms
looks
文件 试卷 报纸 论文
货物 商品
眼镜
沙滩
目录
manners
works
customs
regards
pains
conditions
waters
contents
times
树林
青菜
饮料
武器
时代
外表
礼貌
工厂、著作
海关
问候
努力
条件
水域
2. 特别的不可数名词
3. 名词的数量修饰语
只用来修饰可数名词的词（组）
many, a great / good many , a few, quite a few, not a few, a number of, dozens of, scores of, a good few, large / great numbers of +可数名词复数
many a 许多，+可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数
Many a student is here.
只用来修饰不可数名词的词（组）
much, a little, little, a bit of, not a little, quite a little, no little, a great deal of, a great number of +不可数名词
既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词的词（组）
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large supply of, supplies of, a (large) quantity of, (large) quantities of
作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由quantity的单复数决定
1. (2019北京，语法填空，6）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various (activity) on Earth Day.
2. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).
3. 短文改错：
（1） Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.(2020全国I,短文改错）
（2）My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.(2020全国Ⅲ，短文改错）
activities
causes
chopsticks
family
(3) Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. (2019 全国Ⅱ，短文改错）
jobs
名词的格
3
名词的格
根据名词表示的人或事物是否具有生命来确定其所有格的形式
1. ‘s 所有格
（1）’s所有格（多用于有生命的事物或人）
Tom’s bike Peter’s book the students’s bags
at the doctor’s at my aunt’s
（2）一些表示具体的时间，距离，城镇等的名词也常用’s 所有格
ten minutes’s walk a stone’s throw fifty minutes’ride
Beijing’s education system
2. of所有格（多用于无生命的名词或有定语修饰的有生命的名词）
the cost of living the city of Beijing
the arrival of the visitors a story of love and hate
the name of the boy standing there
3. 双重所有格
（1）名词+of+名词所有格
a picture of my uncle’s
（2）名词+of+名词性物主代词
some books of yours
（3）表部分概念，of前通常有表数量的限制词a, some, one, several, no,few.....
Some books of my sister’s are on the desk
（4）表赞赏或厌恶等感彩时， of前通常有指示代词this, that, these, those
My father doesn’t like these habits of Peter’s .
That white dog of your sister’s is really lovely.
注意：
１.如果某物为两人所共有，则在后一个名词末加’s
Jane and Mary’s room 简和玛丽两人的房间
如果不共有，则两个名词都加’s
Jane’s and Mary’s books 简和玛丽各自的书
注意：
2. 部分用to表达所有格的名词
钥匙、答案、桥和路、出入口的所有格用to
the key to the door the answer to the quetion
the bridge to knowledge the way to the school
the exit to the building the entrance to the hall
名词作定语
4
１.名词作定语：主要说明所修饰的名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
（1）一般用的单数形式，即使是常用复数形式的名词（shoes,trousers)
shoe repairers book marks trouser pockets
stone fingures winter holiday country music
（2）有些常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用其复数形式
a sports car a sales director arms production
a custom officer a clothes shop
（3）man/woman +n 变复数时，作定语的man/woman 也要用复数形式
a man student----------two men students
２.作定语的名词一般用单数形式
注意：１man,woman等作定语 时，修饰的名词是复数时，需用复数形式；
two men teachers
2.sale,sport等作定语时，则不管其后名词是单数还是复数，都用复数形式，
a sales manager
a sports meet
随堂演练
5
1. The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
2. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on
the (assume) you’ve made.
3. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronmical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.
4. It is important to pay your (electric) bill on time, as late payment may affect your credit.
5. ------Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life
------Living every day to the full, definitely.
possibility
assumption
explainations
electricity
happiness
6. Some school will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
7. -----Go and say sorry to your mom, Dave.
-----I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with
my (apologize).
8. One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
9. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it
some (think) and then let me know.
10, He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.
adjustment
apologies
stress
thought
identify
Bye
bye!