2023届高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题课件（16张PPT)

(共16张PPT)
如何解阅读理解的
主旨大意题
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1). 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式:
The main idea of the passage is…
The passage is mainly about…
The passage is mainly discusses…
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
What is the passage mainly about
2). 目的类主旨大意题
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …
The passage is meant to ….
The purpose of this article is to …
3). 标题类主旨大意题
The best title for the passage might be…
The best title for the passage would be
一、主旨大意题主要考查:
全文主题和中心思想，或段落大意、重要情节、人物特征等。
二、题干表现形式：
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passage 1：The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
１）主题句在文章开头
　开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式.
1. 文中有主题句 ---- 把握主题句。
三、如何解主旨大意题
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passage 2： Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career. “ she said…
“ The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes. Shu said.
2). 首尾呼应
为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
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passage 3： A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.
3). 文尾
在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 。且文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后，如：
On the whole, in short, therefore… ； I agree with the opinion that… ；Given all these points above, I would support the idea that… ；For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer…
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passage 4： Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage 　　　　　　
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.　
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.
【解题思路】 此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想。文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 Ｃ
2. 文中无主题句
文中没有明确的主题句. 需根据全文的细节进行全面考虑，综合分析。
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四、选项分析
正确选项的特点
1. 含有抽象名词和概括性词语. 四个选项中, 含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity, various, both, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等词的选项一般是正确选项；
2. 四个选项中, 内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项；
3. 那些概括全文, 内容全面, 含义深刻, 说明道理的选项一般是答案项。
错误选项的特点
1. 以偏概全. 只是局部信息, 或是一句没有展开论述的话.
2. 过于笼统. 即归纳的主题太泛, 与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述.
3. 把观点强加与作者. 读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解.
4. 无关信息, 既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息
高考链接—2022年新高考·全国I卷·D
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
解析：本题为段落大意题，根据段落间的逻辑关系可知，该段为上一段的补充说明段落，要把握段落首句，因此选择A。
高考链接—2021年新高考·全国I卷·C
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies, marshes and lands teemed with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had been wise stewards of these precious natural resources. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate these resources. Millions of waterfowl were destroyed, some species to the point of extinction, at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were drained to feed and house the ever increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl breeding and nesting habitat.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
解析：本题为主旨大意题，根据首段可知，作者先提出了湿地的破坏导致了水禽数量的下降，而后政府则通过发行联邦鸭票筹集资金，用于保护湿地，是史上最成功的保护项目之一。因此选A。
高考链接—2020年新高考·全国I卷·D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A new study of different plants.
A big fall in crime rates.
Employees from various workplaces.
Benefits from green plants.
解析：本题为主旨大意题，根据第一段中的 positive effects及所举的两个例子(绿化多的区域犯罪率低以及绿植多的办公区域员工的工作效率更高)可知，本段主要介绍的是绿色植物给人们带来的益处。故选 D项。
高考链接—2019年新高考·全国I卷·D
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
解析：本题为段落主旨大意题，需要整体理解第二段内容，归纳其段落大意。本段前两句为主旨句，提出受欢迎度这一概念，并且介绍了 Mitch Prinstein 的理论，把受欢迎的人分为两类，后面围绕这两种分类展开论述。classification 与第二句中的 categories 为同义异构现象。答案:A
高考链接—2018年新高考·全国I卷·B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role – showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget…
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less
解析：本题为主旨大意题，全文介绍了 Save Money: Good Food 这个节目旨在教人们如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜,因此，D项作为标题最合适。
高考链接—2020年新高考·全国III卷·D
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因),they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation that helps them digest milk as adults.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World's Best Divers
解析：本题为主旨大意题，通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了科学家们通过进一步研究人类基因发现，在过去的几千年里人类仍然在进化;第二至四段以东南亚的巴瑶族人进化成更好的潜水员为例进行说明。故选A项。
高考链接—2019年新高考·全国II卷·C
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one , but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn‘t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
4.What is the text mainly about
A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology.
解析：本题为主旨大意题，根据第一、三、四段的例子，第二段的数据以及最后一段中的第一句可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故选A项。
高考链接—2018年新高考·全国II卷·D
We‘ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane. surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or. worse. struggling with the uncomfortable silence…
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others, Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.
4.What is the best title for the text
A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence
解析：本题为主旨大意题，本文阐述了闲聊的益处。放下手机，打破沉默，与陌生人开始闲聊，这能让我们心情更加舒畅，也可能会与我们的积攒人脉。故选C项。
See You Next Class!