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Unit 22 课时跟踪检测（二） Warm?up & Lesson 1 — Language Points
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．What you said was not relevant (relate) to the matter.
2．She was looking forward to putting her ideas into action.
3．We insist that the tour guide (should)_inform (inform) us immediately of any change of the plan.
4．All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
5．Who did you refer to when you said someone was selfish
6．I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving (solve) the problem.
7．Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.
8．In that way, it might be possible to predict which patients are at risk.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．考虑她喜欢看书，你可以买一本书给她作为生日礼物。
Given_her_interest_in_reading,_you had better buy her a book as the birthday present.
2．没有空气和水人类就不能生存。
Man couldn't_live without air or water.
3．他把杯子弄掉了，杯子摔得粉碎。
He dropped the glass, breaking_it_into_pieces.
4．开着窗户你就会呼吸到新鲜空气。
Leave_the_window_open and you'll breathe in fresh air.
5．这个问题看起来太难了我们解决不了。
It_seems_that the problem is too difficult for us to work out.
Ⅲ.课文缩写语法填空
Scientists have reached consensus 1.that human beings are causing global warming. They claim that it 2.is_seen (see) as a danger and is relevant 3.to_ our lives.
4．Global (globe) warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, in turn, leads 5.to climate change. Over the last 100 years, plenty of carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere every year and the temperature has increased 6.by 1°F. And this will cause 7.terrible (terribly) climate changes. Governments all over the world have a 8.responsibility (responsible) to take action to prevent this 9.from going on. And a lot of things can be recycled 10.to_save (save) natural resources.
Ⅳ.完形填空
When the expedition was announced, I was only twenty and I had always dreamed of adventure. So it was with great __1__ one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement：
Men wanted for a __2__ journey: small wages, bitter cold, months of complete darkness, and safe return uncertain. Honor and reward will __3__ if it is successful.
Sir Ernest Shackleton
An expedition with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton to the South Pole — I was hooked! I was an amateur but I was young, fit and __4__. I secretly __5__ aboard the ship, Endurance, in a small cupboard. Nobody found me __6__ the ship had sailed and I was __7__ badly from seasickness. __8__， Shackleton seemed interested in my silly behavior and __9__ the situation. He made me a steward to help cook twenty eight meals three times a day.
On January 18th, 1915, the Endurance became __10__ in pack ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! The ship was __11__ crushed in front of our eyes. I believed Shackleton must have mourned this __12__ end to his expedition, but he did not waste time on __13__. Calling us calmly together, he made an urgent __14__ that we must save only essential __15__ before the ship sank, particularly the small boats, food, cooking equipment, candles, bedding and clothes. To show his __16__， Shackleton threw some gold coins and his gold watch onto the ice. To my __17__， he encouraged Hussey to bring his banjo, describing it as vital for keeping us cheerful.
His perseverance __18__ our complete faith in him. He was always honest with us and never gave __19__ to disappointment. Our team spirit __20__ the morale of the crew and saved our lives.
语篇解读：作者回忆了自己跟随沙克尔顿船长到南极探险的故事。
1．A.excitement B．panic
C．disappointment D．anxiety
解析：选A 根据第一段第一句中的“I had always dreamed of adventure”可推断，作者一直梦想去探险，现在机遇来临，满心激动(excitement)。故选A项。panic意为“惶恐；惊恐”；disappointment意为“失望；扫兴；沮丧”；anxiety意为“焦虑；不安”。
2．A.fruitful B．respectable
C．dangerous D．comfortable
解析：选C 根据设空后对此次出行的描述“small wages, bitter cold, months of complete darkness, and safe return uncertain”可知，本次旅行是一次危险的(dangerous)探险之旅。故选C项。fruitful意为“富有成效的；多产的”；respectable意为“受人尊敬的；体面的”；comfortable意为“舒适的”。
3．A.pay off B．rise
C．set up D．follow
解析：选D 根据语境，此处是说如果探险成功，荣誉和报酬会随之而来(follow)。故选D项。pay off意为“付清债务；取得成功”；rise意为“上升；(数量)增加”；set up意为“建立；安排”。
4．A.green handed B．energetic
C．sick D．absent minded
解析：选B 作者虽是业余爱好者，但觉得自己年轻、健康、精力充沛(energetic)。but之后的内容突出作者的优势，故B项符合语境。green handed意为“新手的”；sick意为“生病的”；absent minded意为“心不在焉的”。
5．A.hid B．lived
C．laid D．jumped
解析：选A 根据设空前的“secretly”及下文中的“Nobody found me”可知，作者藏在船上的一个橱柜里。hide意为“把……藏起来；隐藏；藏身”，符合语境。故选A项。
6．A.unless B．until
C．when D．in case
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Shackleton seemed interested in my silly behavior”可知，直到(until)船起航后才有人发现了作者。故选B项。unless意为“除非”；when意为“当……时候”；in case意为“万一；假使”。
7．A.recovering B．dating
C．hearing D．suffering
解析：选D 此处suffer from与seasickness搭配，意为“受到晕船的折磨”，符合语境。故选D项。recover from意为“从……恢复”；date from意为“始于”；hear from意为“收到……的来信；从……处听到”。
8．A.Besides B．Furthermore
C．Otherwise D．Anyhow
解析：选D 根据后文可知，船长让作者留了下来，因此，此处指不管怎样(Anyhow)，沙克尔顿船长似乎对作者荒唐的行为感兴趣。故选D项。besides意为“此外；而且”；furthermore意为“此外；更有甚者”；otherwise意为“否则”。
9．A.changed B．made use of
C．accepted D．talked about
解析：选C 根据下文他安排作者做一名服务员可知，沙克尔顿船长接受了(accepted)这种状况。故选C项。change意为“改变”；make use of意为“利用”；talk about意为“谈论”。
10．A.stuck B．buried
C．sunk D．abandoned
解析：选A 根据下文中的“The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck！”可知，在靠近南极的时候，船被困在(be stuck in)浮冰里。故选A项。bury意为“埋葬”；sink意为“沉没”；abandon意为“抛弃”。
11．A.frequently B．gradually
C．unwillingly D．strangely
解析：选B 结合下文作者以为船长会对此感到痛心可知，船被困在浮冰里后，在他们眼前逐渐(gradually)被压碎。故选B项。frequently意为“频繁地”；unwillingly意为“不情愿地”；strangely意为“奇怪地”。
12．A.unreliable B．unaccustomed
C．unexpected D．unsuitable
解析：选C 船被困浮冰，逐渐压碎是意外的(unexpected)结局。故选C项。unreliable意为“不可靠的”；unaccustomed意为“不习惯的；不寻常的”；unsuitable意为“不合适的”。
13．A.regrets B．preparations
C．solutions D．passions
解析：选A 根据后文可知，船长呼吁大家行动起来，并没有放弃，且根据mourned也可知A项符合语境，指船长并没有把时间浪费在表达遗憾(regrets)上。preparation意为“准备”；solution意为“解决办法；解答”；passion意为“激情；强烈的热爱”。
14．A.appointment B．difference
C．announcement D．mistake
解析：选C 根据设空前的“Calling us calmly together”可知，船长镇定地把我们召集起来，发布一个紧急通知(announcement)。故选C项。appointment意为“约定；约会；预约”；difference意为“差别；差异”；mistake意为“错误”。
15．A.tools B．equipment
C．instruments D．supplies
解析：选D 根据设空后的“before the ship sank, particularly the small boats, food, cooking equipment, candles, bedding and clothes”可知，船长让大家在船沉没之前拯救那些必备的供给品(supplies)。故选D项。tool意为“工具”；equipment 意为“设备”；instrument 意为“仪器”。
16．A.anger B．determination
C．responsibility D．generosity
解析：选B 船长召集大家宣布只带生存必需品，故扔掉自己的一些金币和金表，以表自己的决心，并做出表率。anger 意为“愤怒”；determination意为“决心”；responsibility意为“责任”；generosity意为“慷慨”。故选B项。
17．A.surprise B．delight
C．satisfaction D．interest
解析：选A 船长扔掉了自己的财物，但却鼓励赫西带上他的班卓琴，对此作者感到惊讶(surprise)。故选A项。delight意为“高兴；快乐；使人高兴的事”；satisfaction意为“满足；满意”；interest意为“兴趣”。
18．A.ruined B．constructed
C．won D．invited
解析：选C 他的坚持不懈赢得了(won)我们对他的信任。故选C项。ruin意为“毁坏；毁掉”；construct意为“构成；建造”；invite意为“邀请”。
19．A.support B．permit
C．information D．way
解析：选D 他总是和我们坦诚相待，从不让我们失望。give way to意为“退步；让路”，从不为失望让路，也就是从不让我们失望。故选D项。support意为“支持”；permit意为“许可”；information意为“信息”。
20．A.brought down B．contributed to
C．took up D．set aside
解析：选B 根据语境，我们的团队精神是我们提升士气和幸存的原因，并最终拯救了我们的生命。bring down意为“降低；击倒”；contribute to意为“是……的促成因素；导致”；take up意为“从事；占据”；set aside意为“留出；把……放置一旁；不理会”。故选B项。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
United Nations Climate Change Conference
The U．N. Climate Change Conference opened in Copenhagen, Denmark on Dec. 7th with some 15,000 delegates and observers from nearly 200 countries attending what is called the last best chance for an agreement to combat (与……战斗) global warming.
Their aim is to find common ground, including on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, promotion and transfer of new more eco friendly technology and the necessary funding to make this possible, especially for the less developed and poorer nations. It also means coming up with long term vision and cooperation for the future.
Most scientists believe the warming trend is mainly caused by human activity, especially the use of fossil fuels (矿物燃料) and the cutting down of forests. Skeptics (怀疑论者) say global warming is part of a natural cycle of climate change.
In Copenhagen, experts and officials alike are putting the emphasis on what people and governments can do to cut the emission of greenhouse gases.
Scientists say a 25 to 40 percent cut in carbon dioxide emissions is needed to control global warming. The European Union, China, and India have already pledged (保证) reductions. The United States is waiting for Congressional (国会的) approval for a proposal put forward by the Obama administration.
Barack Obama, President of the United States said, “Each of us must do what we can when we can to grow our economies without endangering our planet — and we must all do it together. We must seize the opportunity to make Copenhagen a significant step forward in the global fight against climate change.”
Desmond Tutu, Archbishop of South Africa said, “Worldwide, we have the chance to start turning the tide of climate change, but only if all governments commit themselves to a fair, binding (有约束力的) and sustainable climate agreement in Copenhagen.”
语篇解读：本文主要讲了哥本哈根气候大会的相关情况。
1．From the first paragraph we can infer that ________.
A．people think that this conference is of no use
B．this conference is the last one to be held about the climate change
C．before this conference some countries fight against each other
D．people expect a final agreement will be achieved
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“... the last best chance for an agreement to combat (与……战斗) global warming.”可知D项正确。
2．Which is NOT included in the aim of this conference
A．To reduce the emission of the greenhouse gases.
B．To develop the agriculture and industry of the developed countries.
C．To cooperate with each other for the future.
D．To transfer new more eco friendly technology.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由第二段可知哥本哈根气候大会的主要目的中并没有发展发达国家的工业和农业。
3．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
A．The United States refuses to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
B．The European Union is waiting for a proposal put forward by Obama.
C．China and India have already agreed to cut carbon dioxide emissions.
D．South Africa doesn't think much of this conference.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段提到的“The European Union, China, and India have already pledged (保证) reductions.”可知，欧盟、中国和印度已经同意减少排放二氧化碳。
4．What is Obama's attitude according to his words
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Negative. D．Regretful.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据奥巴马的讲话可知他的态度是“积极的”。PAGE
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Unit 22 课时跟踪检测（三） Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
Ⅰ.选词填空
apart from， earn one's living， result in， or else， for good， wrap ...up， all in all， carry on， on sb.'s behalf， call for an end to ...
1．The poor boy had to earn_his_living by begging.
2．Stress and tiredness result_in a lack of concentration.
3．All_in_all,_it was a great success in the film industry.
4．I expect that our friendship will last for_good.
5．I thanked my parents for all their self sacrifice on_my_be half.
6．She wrapped it up as quickly as possible.
7．You must study hard, or_else you will fail in the exam.
8．The team leader called_for_an_end_to_ the match.
9．It's impossible to carry_on a conversation with all these noises going on outside the house.
10．Apart_from my immediate family, all of my relatives are in Libya.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Don't always eat hamburgers and else you'll get fat. and→or
2．He will give up smoking for well. well→good
3．I had to call for the end to the game when it suddenly rained. 第一个the→an
4．He has his faults, but, in all, he is honest. in前加all
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．如果你坚持那样，你要对后果负责。
If you stick to that, you shall answer_for_the_consequences.
2．这么多孩子又说又笑，房间里充满了生机。
With_so_many_children_laughing_and_talking,_the room was lively.
3．你决不能告诉他这个消息。
By no means will_you_tell_him the news.
4．我们的学校最近几年发生了许多巨大变化。
Our school has_seen_many_great_changes_in the last few years.
5．那个男孩做了个鬼脸，只是想逗别人笑。
The boy made a face just to make_others_laugh.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature. But, rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nation — the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century, sea level rose 8 12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country's drinking water.
Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.
Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”．
语篇解读：这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。
1．The text is mainly about ________.
A．rapid changes in earth's temperature
B．bad effects of global warming
C．moving off a country to a new place
D．reasons for lowland flooding
解析：选B 主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。
2．According to scientists, the direct cause of more and fiercer storms is ________.
A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations
B．higher surface water temperatures of the sea
C．continuous global warming
D．rising sea levels
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.”可判断出，造成严重暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。
3．Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not ________.
A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions
B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real
解析：选A 细节理解题。第四段第一句话表明，Laupepa 对美国表示不满的原因是美国拒绝签署减少温室效应气体排放的公约。
4．The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is ________.
A．Australia B．New Zealand
C．the Maldives D．the United States
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可判断出，the Maldives 与 Tuvalu 的情况相似。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
We Are the World, We Are the Future
Someone said “We are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite”. __1__ We are all in the position of the farmers. If we plant a good seed, we reap a good harvest. If we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all.
We are young. How to spend the youth It is a meaningful question. __2__ Youth is not a time of life; it's a state of mind. It's not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips or supple knees. __3__ It's the freshness of the deep spring of life.
A poet said “To see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour”．Several days ago, I had a chance to listen to a lecture. I learnt a lot there. __4__ Let's show our right palms. We can see three lines that show how our love, career and life will be. I have a short line of life. What about yours __5__ Well, let's make a fist. Where is our future Where are our love, career and life Tell me. Yeah, they are in our hands. They're held in ourselves.
A．I don't know how to spend youth.
B．It's the matter of the will.
C．To answer it, first I have to ask, “What do you understand by the word ‘youth’？ ”
D．I don't know who wrote these words, but I've always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want it to be.
E．I think our youth will be colorful in the future.
F．I'd like to share it with all of you.
G．I wondered whether we could see our future in this way.
语篇解读：这是一篇充满激情的演讲稿。我们是世界，我们是未来，未来掌握在自己手中，奋力拼搏，创造美好未来！
1.选D 根据上文中的“Someone said”可知，作者不知道是谁说的，故选D。
2．选C 根据设空前的“It is a meaningful question.”以及设空后的内容可知，空白处应该是：要回答这个问题，我首先要问，“‘青春’这个词你是怎么理解的？”因此选C。
3．选B 根据设空后的句子“It's the freshness of the deep spring of life.”的句式结构看，设空处应该是“It's the matter of the will”，故选B。
4．选F 根据设空后的内容可知，这是作者跟大家分享的内容，故选F。
5．选G 根据设空处前后句子的意思可知，G项符合语境。
Ⅵ.短文改错
There's an old man in our village calling Old Joe, who said to be 110 years old.This can't be proved though he doesn't have a birth certificate.All his personal papers destroyed during World War Ⅱ.I don't know that he is really so old, and it doesn't matter.He certain looks very old.Of course, he is often asked question by people who want to be told the secret of long life.Old Joe always answered them like this：“If you are offered cigarette, never accept it; if you are annoyed by someone, never lose your temper; and if you are asked foolish questions, never answer them.”
答案：第一句：calling→called; who后加is
第二句：though→because/as
第三句：papers后加were
第四句：that→if或whether; and→but
第五句：certain→certainly
第六句：question→questions
第七句：answered→answers; offered后加aPAGE
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Unit 22 课时跟踪检测（四） Communication Workshop
Ⅰ.选词填空
plug one's ears， sum up， break away from， as a matter of fact， in one's spare time， be optimistic about
1．The thief broke_away_from_ the policeman and ran away.
2．He often chats with his friends on the Internet in_his_spare_time.
3．Nevertheless, we still have grounds to be_optimistic_about the future.
4．We can sum_up the main points of the lesson in three sentences.
5．As_a_matter_of_fact,_I've never been there before.
6．The noise was so loud and annoying that I plugged_my_ears.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Tickets are limited and will be allocated for those who apply first.for→to
2．I'm going to deliver a speech about what to deal with troubles.what→how或deal→do
3．His father has given up smoking.It has been three years before he smoked.before→since
4．It was very considerate for you to let us know you were going to be late.for→of
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这本书仅仅是为孩子改编的。
The book is_adapted_for children only.
2．除了等我们别无选择。
We have no choice but_to_wait.
3．我想做的是好好休息一下。
What I want to do is (to)_have_a_good_rest.
4．在佛罗里达工作时，我总与英国人有生意往来。
When I worked in Florida I dealt_with_British_people all the time.
5．这些可调整的椅子是为儿童准备的。
These adjustable chairs are_calculated_for children.
6．你们必须谨慎地分配钱。
You must allocate_the_money carefully.
7．削减开支的提议引起了诸多争议。
The proposed cuts have caused considerable_controversy.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products. From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery (餐具) made from rice and wheat, a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go, or having a relaxing picnic in the park.
The idea of using seaweed to make eco friendly (环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years. Recently, Ari Jonsson took his invention — a water bottle made from red seaweed — to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled. As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down, though they would be perfectly safe to eat. Ari Jonsson's bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones.
The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future. Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons. After the success of his spoons, Mr. Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu. His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world. It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down, and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it.
Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment, this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy. Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends. Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes
语篇解读：为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，本文介绍了科学家用发明的可食用的、环保的包装替代产品。
1．Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products
A．To make people's life more convenient.
B．To reduce the amount of plastic waste.
C．To change the way we picnic outside.
D．To show off their inventive talents.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“In an effort to discourage people from using plastics ...”可知，为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，科学家们发明了可替代的包装产品。故选B项。
2．What makes Ari Jonsson's water bottles eco friendly
A．They can be made at home.
B．They are cheap to produce and buy.
C．They will hold their shape when they are filled.
D．They will break down themselves when empty.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的“As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down ...”可知，水瓶一空，它们就会分解。也就是说，它们在被倒空时，会自己分解，所以使得这些水瓶很环保。故选D项。
3．What do Ari and Narayana's inventions have in common
A．They are convenient to carry.
B．They are safe to eat.
C．They can be used for a short time.
D．They are heavier than plastics.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“As soon as ...though they would be perfectly safe to eat.”及第三段第二句“Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons.”可知，两人发明物的共同特点是它们都是可安全食用的。故选B项。
4．What can be inferred from this passage
A．Home made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular.
B．Eatable cutlery will completely replace plastics in the near future.
C．No recycling companies can break down plastic waste.
D．It's unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home ...or just fun with friends.”可知，类似的可食用餐具可在家里自制，由此可推测，这种餐具可能会变得很受欢迎。故选A项。
B
Living among trees, plants and flowers can fill your life with beauty. And if you are a woman, it can also help you live longer.
Women who live in homes surrounded by plants appear to have lower death rates than women who live in areas with less green plants, according to a research.
Peter James and his team looked at information from one of the largest and oldest investigations of women's health: the Nurses' Health Study.
For the new study, the team looked at the death rates of more than 100,000 women between the years 2008 and 2015. Then the researchers compared the death rates of these women to the green plants around their homes. To determine the amount of trees and other vegetation (植被), researchers examined satellite images.
To make it more believable, the researchers considered other risk factors — things such as the age of the women, their economic status, and race. They also looked at whether or not the women smoked.
Peter James says he and his team were surprised to find such a strong link between high vegetation levels and low death rates. He adds they were also surprised to find how high levels of plant life can affect a woman's mental health.
The study suggests that living among vegetation lowered levels of depression. Researchers say women in greener areas spent more time with other people, exercised more and were less exposed to air pollution.
One of the biggest effects of greenery appeared to be a lowered risk of cancer. Here are some numbers. The study found that women living in the greenest areas had a 13 percent lower rate of dying from cancer.
James says that it is common knowledge that vegetation helps the environment in many ways. But, he adds, the new findings suggest ways for city planners, landscape architects and policymakers to grow even healthier living areas.
语篇解读：植物对环境有很多益处。研究者认为，女性若住在四处环绕植物的地方，死亡率会较低、可以减轻抑郁以及降低患癌症的风险；而且还发现植物寿命长短可影响女性的心理健康。
5．What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To introduce the green environment and call on people to enjoy it.
B．To show women living in green areas are more likely to live long.
C．To show the relationship between animals and plants.
D．To give some tips on how to live long.
解析：选B 写作目的题。文章第一段引出话题，第二段提出本文的主题——女性若住在四处环绕植物的地方，死亡率会较低，下文对此话题展开说明，并详细介绍了该研究是如何进行的。由此可推断，作者写作本文的目的是说明生活在绿色植物较多的区域的女性可能寿命更长。故选B项。
6．How did the researchers make the research more convincing
A．By studying more people.
B．By examining satellite images.
C．By taking more factors into account.
D．By cooperating with the Nurses' Health Study.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“To make it more believable, the researchers considered other risk factors — things such as the age of the women, their economic status, and race.”可知，为了使研究更有说服力，研究者考虑了很多因素。故选C项。
7．When James found the connection between vegetation levels and death rates, he was ________.
A．excited B．unconcerned
C．relieved D．surprised
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Peter James says he and his team were surprised to find such a strong link between high vegetation levels and low death rates.”可知，当詹姆斯和他的团队发现高绿化率和低死亡率之间存在密切的联系时，他们很惊讶。故选D项。
8．What can we learn from the text
A．People are unlikely to develop cancer because of living with green plants.
B．People die from cancer more than from other diseases.
C．Living with green plants can help lower depression.
D．This finding is specially made for city planners.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第七段第一句“The study suggests that living among vegetation lowered levels of depression.”可知，住在四处环绕植物的地方可以帮助减轻抑郁。故选C项。
Ⅴ.语法填空
Niehaus is the mother of Kai, a 5 year old boy severely __1__ (suffer) from autism (自闭症). For several years, she has devoted __2__ (her) to Kai, hoping to help him find children of his age to connect with. Her biggest desire is __3__ (see) her boy find a friend who loves him as truly and kindly __4__ she does. Niehaus has heard of 4 Paws for Ability, __5__ organization in Ohio that trains and provides quality service dogs for children with __6__ (disable)．
Last Tuesday, Kai met his assistance dog, Tornado — his first friend — for the first time. Niehaus wasn't sure __7__ her son was going to react. She didn't have to worry, though. Kai jumped out of his mother's arms and ran straight to Tornado when the dog entered the room. “Tornado! Tornado！” Kai shouted __8__ (excited) and began playing with Tornado. It was really magic. After all, this was the first time they __9__ (meet) each other and things were going well.
“I've seen so many changes in Kai already，” Niehaus said. “He is __10__ (calm) and more relaxed. He is sleeping a little better and is smiling more.”
语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。Niehaus的儿子Kai今年五岁，患有自闭症。谁都没想到，Kai和协助犬Tornado的第一次见面竟会如此开心。
1．suffering severely suffering from autism是现在分词短语作定语，修饰boy, 分词动作suffer与逻辑主语boy之间是主动关系。
2．herself devote oneself to sb./sth. 意为“为……付出(时间、精力等)”。
3．to see to see her boy find a friend ...是动词不定式短语作表语。
4．as “as ＋ 形容词/副词原级 ＋ as ...”表示“和……一样……”。
5．an an organization in Ohio that ...是4 Paws for Ability的同位语，解释这个组织；organization以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
6．disabilities 空白处所填词在句中作介词with的宾语，需用disable的名词形式，且由空前的children可知用复数。
7．how how her son was going to react是宾语从句，其中how表示“如何”。
8．excitedly 空白处所填词在句中修饰谓语动词shouted,故用excited的副词形式excitedly。
9．had met 在it/this is the first/second/third/... time that ...句型中，that从句谓语动词常用现在完成时；如果是it/this was ... that ...，从句谓语动词常用过去完成时。
10．calmer calmer和more relaxed是并列成分，故用比较级。PAGE
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Unit 22 课时跟踪检测（五） Language Awareness 7, Culture Corner & Bulletin Board
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The boy was completely absorbed in the books after borrowing them from the bookshop.
2．At no time should we give up, facing difficulties.
3．Divorce releases both the husband and wife from all marital (婚姻的) obligations to each other.
4．It's illegal (legal) to read people's private letters without permission.
5．A new cinema is_being_built (build) here now. They hope to finish it next month.
6．—What happened to the priceless works of art
—They were_destroyed (destroy) in the earthquake last month.
7．The road was_being_repaired (repair) when we came last time.
8．According to the art dealer, the painting is_expected (expect) to go for at least a million dollars.
9．Hundreds of jobs will_be_lost (lose) if the factory closes.
10．This novel has_been_translated (translate) into many languages since it was published.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．晚上我们住在一个很偏远的小山村，没有机会上网。
At night we lived a remote mountain village, and didn't_have_access_to the internet.
2．动物享有和人类同等的权力。
Animals have the_same_rights_as human beings.
3．她不能长时间专心读一本书。
She couldn't concentrate_on a book very long.
4．这些学校曾一度归教会主管。
At_one_time the schools were mainly attached to the church.
5．当他们走进森林时，他们不知道处于危险中。
When they walked into the forest, they didn't know they were_in_danger.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of nature. One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers __1__ by trees and other plants __2__ many leaves. Farmers plant them __3__ around their fields. Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from destroying or __4__ crops. There have been studies __5__ on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. For example, they found that grain harvests can be twenty percent __6__ in fields protected by windbreaks compared __7__ fields without such protection.
However, windbreaks seem to work best __8__ they allow a little wind to pass through. If the wall of trees and plants stops wind __9__， then violent air motions will take place close to the ground. These motions will __10__ soil into the air __11__ it will be blown away.
__12__ this reason, a windbreak is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line.
An easy rule __13__ is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in it. There should be __14__ two lines in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The __15__ line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are best for __16__.
Windbreaks not only __17__ land and crops from the wind. They can also provide __18__ products. These include wood for fuel and longer pieces for making fences. You can get more __19__ about windbreaks and other forms of soil __20__ from the group Volunteers in Technical Assistance.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍防护林的相关情况。
1. A．to form B．forming
C．formed D．form
解析：选C 森林防护带主要是由树和其他植物构成的障碍。form与barriers之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。
2．A.for B．in
C．off D．with
解析：选D 要起到很好的防护作用，这些植物就必须有较多的树叶，故用 with。
3. A．in block B．in lines
C．in pieces D．in place
解析：选B 农民们在庄稼地的周围种上了一排排的树。in lines“一排排，一行行”。in place“适当的位置，恰当的位置”。
4. A．breaking B．stealing
C．damaging D．hurting
解析：选C 防护林防止风毁坏庄稼。此处应选择 destroy 的同义词， damage “毁坏，破坏”，符合语境。 break “打破”； steal “偷窃”；hurt “伤害”，多用于对身体或精神的伤害。
5. A．made B．done
C．proved D．shown
解析：选B 在西非的部分地区进行了很好的防护林研究工作。 do studies on “对……进行研究”。此处为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 studies。
6. A．high B．low
C．lower D．higher
解析：选D 跟没有受到防护的地区相比，庄稼收成显然是更高了。
7. A．at B．for
C．to D．in
解析：选C compared to/with“与……相比较”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。
8．A.that B．when
C．where D．why
解析：选B 然而，防护林容许少量的风进入庄稼地也是有好处的。 when “当……时候”，符合语境。
9. A．completely B．slowly
C．quickly D．partly
解析：选A 完全阻止住风透过植物墙，强气旋就会发生，对于当地极为不利。Completely “完全地”，符合句意。slowly“慢慢地”；quickly“快地，迅速地”；partly“部分地”。
10．A.drop B．raise
C．stop D．lift
解析：选D 强气旋会卷走地面泥土。 lift 强调从低处到很高处的移动。drop“丢弃；使滴下”； raise“提高；抬起，举起(幅度较小)”； stop“停止”。
11. A．which B．that
C．where D．as
解析：选C 由空前的 in the air 可知，此处应用 where 引导定语从句， where 在从句中作地点状语。
12. A．To B．For
C．As D．With
解析：选B for this reason 为固定搭配，意为“由于这个原因”。
13. A．to remember B．remember
C．remembered D．remembering
解析：选A 要记住的一条简单规则是……，to remember 为不定式作后置定语，含有将来的意思，符合语境。remembered 为过去分词，“被记住”，表示动作已完成；remembering 表示动作进行，均不合语境。
14. A．at most B．at least
C．more D．less
解析：选B 所以至少要两排防护林才能更好发挥作用。at least “至少”，符合句意。at most“至多”。
15. A．third B．first
C．another D．other
解析：选D 承接上句，构成 one ...the other ... “一个……另一个……”，为固定搭配。
16. A．plants B．windbreaks
C．trees D．crops
解析：选B 在防护林周围种植一些树木，也会对防护林起到一定的保护作用。
17. A．protect B．keep
C．draw D．separate
解析：选A 防护林保护土地和庄稼免受风沙的侵害。 protect ... from ...“保护……免受……的危害”。 keep ... from ...“避开；阻止……”；separate ... from ...“把……和……分开”。
18. A．tree B．table
C．wood D．house
解析：选C 防护林除了防护功能外，还能用其木材做一些木制产品。
19．A.news B．report
C．knowledge D．information
解析：选D 文章通篇都在介绍防护林的信息，information “信息，资料”，符合句意。 news“新闻；消息”； report“报告”；knowledge“知识”。
20．A.consequence B．concretion
C．construction D．conservation
解析：选D 防护林的主要作用就是保护土壤，防止水土流失。 conservation “保护，保存”，符合句意。consequence“后果，结果”； concretion“凝固，凝固物”；construction“建设，建造”。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐) on the island.In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine.When a company strip mines, it removes the top layer of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Strip mining totally destroys the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了太平洋岛国瑙鲁在欧洲人到来之前是一个安定而美丽的岛屿，后来由于盲目开采磷酸盐矿及政府滥用资金而变成了生态灾区。这或许可以给其他国家一个警示。
1．What was Nauru like before the Europeans came
A．Rich and powerful. B．Modern and open.
C．Peaceful and attractive. D．Greedy and aggressive.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“...used to be a beautiful place.”以及第二段第一句“...lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization.”可知，瑙鲁在欧洲人到来之前是一个安定而美丽的地方。A项“富有和强大的”，B项“现代化和开放的”，D项“贪婪和富有侵略性的”，均与文章信息不符。
2．The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from ________.
A．soil pollution B．phosphate overmining
C．farming activity D．whale hunting
解析：选B 细节理解题。文章第四段提到一家英国矿业公司发现瑙鲁含有丰富的磷酸盐后开始开采，第五段又说明了这种露天矿的开采破坏了土壤的表层，最终使得“the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon”。因此可以看出其生态灾难是由过度的开采磷酸盐矿引起的，故B项正确。A项是结果，不是原因，C项“农业活动”，D项“捕鲸”，都不是原因。
3．Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem
A．Its leaders misused the money.
B．It spent too much repairing the island.
C．Its phosphate mining cost much money.
D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“...the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.”可知，领导人使用资金不当，致使瑙鲁陷入财政困难。故选A项。
4．What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph？A.The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.
B．The phosphate mines were destroyed.
C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.
D．The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
解析：选D 推理判断题。结合文章最后一段倒数第二句专家所说的修复瑙鲁(岛)需要花的钱和时间，以及最后一句“This will probably never happen.”可以推断一旦造成生态破坏，是很难修复的。A项“领导人认真对待专家的意见”，文中并没有提及这个信息，B项与原文叙述不符，C项中的“was abandoned”错误，他们并没有遗弃这个岛屿。PAGE
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Unit 22 课时跟踪检测（一） Warm?up & Lesson 1 — Pre?reading
阅读理解
A
In one of the world's most forbidding environments, polar bears spend their summers wandering the Arctic on large pieces of floating ice.They drift for hundreds of miles, finding mates, hunting for seals, and fattening themselves up for the winter.Without the floating ice, the world's largest bears could not survive.Yet at this moment, the polar bears' Arctic habitat is melting away because of global warming.Over the past three decades, more than a million square miles of floating ice has disappeared.
Scientists predict that, if the current rate of global warming continues, most, if not all, of the bears' floating ice will be gone by 2100.As a result, the world's polar bears could face global extinction by the end of this century.
Already, the ice on the southern edge of the polar bears' range is melting about three weeks earlier than in the past.The loss of those weeks leaves the bears less tune to hunt, eat and store up fat.Once the ice melts, the bears must fast (禁食) for up to eight months on land until the floating ice returns.As a result of early melting, there has been a 14 percent decline in the Hudson Bay polar bear population over the past ten years — a decline clearly caused by global warming.
Besides, a growing number of polar bears may be drowning as they are forced to swim more often, and for longer distances, in search of ice sheets.According to a report by the US Minerals Management Service, researchers observed four dead polar bears floating 60 miles off Alaska in September and it was likely that many other bears swimming far off the shore also drowned.
Scientists have concluded that the worldwide population of about 20,000 polar bears is likely to shrink by more than 30 percent in the next 35 to 50 years alone.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了由于气候变暖，造成北极熊的栖息地的冰大量融化，进而造成北极熊数量大量下降，面临灭绝的情况。
1．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Polar bears can't die out in the next century.
B．The happy summer of polar bears is disappearing.
C．Continuous global warming will cause the extinction of polar bears.
D．More and more dead polar bears will be found off the coast of Alaska.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists predict that, if the current rate of global warming continues, most, if not all, of the bears' floating ice will be gone by 2100.As a result, the world's polar bears could face global extinction by the end of this century.”可知，如果全球气候持续变暖的话，北极熊的家园就会消失，它们也会濒临灭绝，因此选C。
2．Why do polar bears drift for hundreds of miles
A．To fatten themselves for the autumn to live longer.
B．To find more floating ice, mates and better seals.
C．To escape from global warming to survive the winter.
D．To hunt for food and store up fat to live through the winter.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“They drift for hundreds of miles, finding mates, hunting for seals, and fattening themselves up for the winter.”可知，这些北极熊游荡几百英里，寻找配偶，捕食海豹，储存脂肪过冬，故选D。A项中的“for the autumn”，B项中的“more floating ice”，C项的“escape from global warming”与原文的信息不一致。
3．What can we know from the passage
A．Polar bears can also find food on land and escape from death.
B．The earlier the ice melts, the better life polar bears will have.
C．There will be only about 20,000 polar bears in 35 to 50 years.
D．Drowning is one reason for the decline of polar bears' population.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Besides, a growing number of polar bears may be drowning as they are forced to swim more often, and for longer distances, in search of ice sheets.”可知，淹死是造成北极熊数量下降的一个原因。A项与文章中的“the bears must fast (禁食) for up to eight months on land”矛盾，B项的描述与文章意义矛盾，其中的better应该是worse。C项中35到50年后有20 000只北极熊错误。
4．What is the writer's attitude to polar bears' extinction
A．Objective. B．Subjective.
C．Optimistic. D．Doubtful.
解析：选A 推理判断题。本文作者只是根据科学家们的研究，呈现了北极熊濒临灭绝的处境，以及造成这一现象的原因等，态度是客观的，因此选A。B项“主观的”，作者并没有表达自己的主观看法，C项“乐观的”，这与本文的整体思想矛盾，D项“怀疑的”，没有信息依据。
B
There is no doubt that our lives wouldn't be the same without cars. But they can also be a problem, especially fossil fuel (化石燃料) cars, which have become a major cause of air pollution.
So to help improve the environment, China is going to ban the production and sales of fossil fuel cars. Xin Guobin, China's vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said research into the ban has already started, but it hasn't been decided when the ban will go into effect. “These measures will promote big changes in the environment and give motivation to China's auto industry development，” he said.
The move is just one of China's many efforts to lift pressure on the environment after it promised to stop the rise in its carbon dioxide emissions (排放物) by 2030.
Chinese drivers are already big fans of electric vehicles. Chinese auto companies including BYD, BAIC and Geely ranked among the top in the world in terms of electric car sales last year. And more than 40 percent of the 753,000 electric vehicles sold worldwide last year were sold in China.
Meanwhile, the ban of fossil fuel cars is increasingly becoming a global trend. In July, 2017, the French government announced that France would end sales of fossil fuel vehicles by 2040 as part of the country's plan to meet its goal under the Paris climate accord. And in the same month, the UK followed suit with a similar plan. It also set 2040 as its deadline to stop sales of new fossil fuel vehicles.
“All of us who drive or use fossil fuel vehicles are contributing to the city's poisonous air，” John Tanner, a councilor in Oxford, UK, told CNBC. “Everyone needs to do their bit — from national government and local authorities to businesses and residents — to end this public health emergency.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。为了改善环境，减少二氧化碳气体的排放，中国将禁止燃油汽车的生产和销售。
5．Which measure will China take for environmental protection
A．Investing more in the development of auto industry.
B．Forbidding the consumption on fossil fuel cars.
C．Promoting the sales of electric vehicles.
D．Developing and using green energy.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“to help improve the environment, China is going to ban the production and sales of fossil fuel cars”可知，为了改善环境，中国正计划禁止燃油汽车的生产与销售，也就是说中国将采取的措施是禁止在燃油汽车上的消费。故选B。
6．What's Xin Guobin's attitude toward the ban on fossil fuel cars
A．Cautious. B．Positive.
C．Doubtful. D．Concerned.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“These measures will promote big changes in the environment and give motivation to China's auto industry development”可知，Xin Guobin认为，禁止燃油汽车的生产和销售会促进环境的改善，激励中国汽车工业的发展。也就是说他对这一举措是持支持的态度的。故选B。
7．What can be concluded from Paragraph 4
A．China may lead the trend in electric cars.
B．China takes the lead in developing electric cars.
C．China has an increased demand for electric cars.
D．China's greatly raised its environmental awareness.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，中国司机已经是电动汽车的头号粉丝，去年全世界销量中40%以上的电动汽车是在中国被卖出的。由此可推知，中国可能引领电动汽车的使用潮流，故选A。
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The government takes full responsibility for environmental protection.
B．The UK's made great achievements in environmental protection.
C．Fossil fuel cars are the root cause of air pollution.
D．Joint efforts are needed to protect the environment.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone needs to do their bit ... to end this public health emergency”可知，John Tanner认为，从国家政府和地方当局，到公司和居民，每个人都应为结束这个公众健康危机作出努力。由此可知，保护环境需要人们的共同努力。故选D。
C
Hurricane Babette reached the northeastern United States today and caused death and destruction everywhere. The killer storm carried winds of 135 miles per hour. The high winds and heavy rains, together with the force of the Atlantic Ocean, created extremely dangerous waves. It is not yet known how many people died or were hurt in this storm, but it is said that the numbers will be very high. The damage to homes, business and crops will run into billions of dollars. Now that the storm is over, the long, slow rebuilding will begin.
With the arrival of the tornado season, the National Weather Service is again telling people how to protect themselves from these deadly storms. The winds from tornadoes are the most violent winds on earth. They can blow up to 400 miles per hour. A tornado looks like a funnel(漏斗). It is also very loud. It may sound like a train coming at you. In fact, the winds from a tornado can pick up a train and throw it around. If a tornado is seen in your area, it is very important that you protect yourself. A basement (地下室) is the safest place to go. Try to wait under a table in the basement. If your building does not have a basement, stay on the ground floor but lie flat under a bed or table. Stay away from windows. If you are outside or in your car, try to find a narrow place to lie down in.
As the area tries to deal with the worst flood of the century, there are many heartwarming stories of people helping other people. From all over the world people have sent food and clothes to help the thousands who have had to leave their homes. Many volunteers have come to help to make sandbags and use them to build walls against the overflowing river. While the result of this disaster will be terrible for many, it is beautiful to see people coming together to help others and save lives, and property (财产)．
语篇解读：本文讲述了自然灾害带给人们的灾难及在这些灾难中自保的方法，还有人们在这些灾难中表现出的可贵品质。
9．What are the three short paragraphs about
A．Newspaper articles about the weather.
B．Bad weather forecasts in newspapers.
C．Introduction to climate in different places.
D．Popular science on climate.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。第一段讲述飓风造成的损失，第二段讲述龙卷风中人们如何自救，第三段讲述了在这些灾难中人们的表现。故这篇文章应该是一篇关于天气的新闻稿。
10．According to the passage, a person who sees a tornado in his area, had better NOT ________.
A．stay on the ground floor but lie down under a bed
B．go to the basement and wait under a table
C．find a deep narrow place to lie down in
D．drive his car away as fast as possible
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“or in your car, try to find a narrow place to lie down in”可知应该停车而不是快速行驶。
11．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．Hurricane Babette damaged the northwestern coast of US
B．when there's flooding, sandbags can be made and used to build wall
C．the National Weather Service often takes measures to protect the local people
D．people are often reminded of how to protect themselves from snowstorm
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第三段“make sandbags and use them to build walls against the overflowing river”可知沙袋可以筑成墙抗洪。
