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Unit 2 课时跟踪检测（二） Word power, Grammar and usage &
Task
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I'm quite sure that you will be impressed (使印象深刻) by the beauty of the city.
2．With the economic (经济的) development of our country, more and more students choose to go abroad for further study.
3．The customs (海关) men went through our luggage carefully.
4．It is said that the water supply is rapidly decreasing (减少)．
5．It had been raining for a week and the streets were flooded (淹没)．
6．The children clapped (鼓掌) when he finished his speech on Children's Day.
Ⅱ.选词填空
clean up, pick out, queue up, set up, take off, take measures
1．If everyone queued_up all the time, everything would be very orderly and accidents would not happen.
2．The explorers set_up a base at the foot of the mountain.
3．Through some efforts, rescuers cleaned_up the ruins carefully which covered the injured.
4．It was not until she took_off her glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
5．Thanks to her outstanding ability, she was picked_out from thousands of applicants for the job.
6．Many wild animals in the world are dying out, so we must take_measures to protect them.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy traffic.At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is really worldwide.
On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in distant areas away from any industrial cities.In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution.Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a “greenhouse effect” — keeping heat reflected from the earth and raising the world's average temperature.If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature — a result that would be equally disastrous.A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas.Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen.Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now.Driven by economic profits, people ignore the damage on our environment caused by the “advanced civilization”．Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development.But is it really worthwhile
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了空气污染可能会给我们造成的影响。
1．People used to think that air pollution________.
A．caused widespread damage in the countryside
B．affected the entire eastern half of the United States
C．had a very bad effect on health
D．existed merely in urban and industrial areas
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，人们过去认为空气污染只存在于工厂林立的工业区和交通拥挤的大城市当中。故选D。
2．As to the greenhouse effect, the author________.
A．shares the same view with the scientists
B．is uncertain of its occurrence
C．rejects it as being ungrounded
D．thinks that it will destroy the world soon
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“If this view is correct and ...”可知，作者并不确定这种观点(来自化石燃料燃烧的二氧化碳会导致温室效应，使全球变暖)是否正确。故选B。
3．The underlined word “offset” in the second paragraph could be replaced by “________”．
A．counteract B．break from
C．get along D．communicate
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子及其前一句可知，我们不知道这两种可能情况(全球变暖和全球变冷)中的哪种会发生，如果我们足够幸运的话，这两种现象会相互抵消中和，温度依然会保持不变。因此，offset应为“补偿；抵消”之意，故选A。
4．If the world's temperature lowered just a few degrees
________.
A．it would not do much harm to life on earth
B．it would lead major farming areas to disaster
C．particular things would increase greatly in the atmosphere
D．seas and oceans would flood many cities
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，温度降低几度的话，就会出现类似冰川时代的现象，农业将会变得很难发展甚至是不可能了。故选B。
B
In China, the “kingdom of bicycles”， people went everywhere by bicycle.However, now as a result of industrialization, from 1995 to 2005, the number of bikes declined by 35% in Chinese cities, while cars and other motor vehicles doubled.This has left air polluted and roads crowded.In China, pollutant levels have risen alongside urban population growth.
To deal with this issue, Chinese cities have invested (投资) increasingly in public transport systems like bike sharing.Bike sharing systems have grown extremely in China in the past decade.The first major models started in European cities Amsterdam and Copenhagen in 1968 and 1995 and offered a service through which city goers could easily borrow bikes to travel around the city.Since then, bike sharing systems have grown rapidly.
China now has the biggest and largest number of bike sharing programs.One of the largest programs is the Hangzhou Public Bicycle Service.The system is straightforward — pick up a bike from any station and you can ride for free in the first hour.Need another hour Pay 1 yuan for a second hour.Given its ease and cheapness, it's no surprise that an average of 310,000 people use the system every day.
However, the adoption of bike sharing wasn't easy at the beginning.After the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing struggled in maintaining its bike sharing programs, as bike sharing companies suffered heavy financial (财政的) losses due to little government support and little demand.Shanghai similarly struggled in 2014, with citizens choosing to take taxis or to buy their own bikes.Then things started to look up.And now more bike sharing programs, like Mobike and ofo, are developing quickly.
Regardless of how bike sharing systems change in China, it's evident that they've made their mark on China's transport systems, on the way to making the country return to the “kingdom of bicycles” and hopefully regain clean air.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了共享单车在中国的发展过程。
5．What contributed to the birth of bike sharing programs in China
A．Rising pollutant levels.
B．The population growth.
C．The tradition of riding bicycles.
D．People's increasing interest in cycling.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To deal with this issue, Chinese cities have invested (投资) increasingly in public transport systems like bike sharing”可知， this issue应指第一段所提到的“However, now as a result of industrialization ... This has left air polluted and roads crowded”，所以说是机动车导致的城市环境污染催生了共享单车。
6．What can we learn about bike sharing from Paragraph 2
A．It serves as the most convenient transport system.
B．It is a common means of transport in Europe.
C．It enjoys popularity in most Chinese cities.
D．It has a history of about half a century.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“The first major models started in European cities Amsterdam and Copenhagen in 1968 and 1995 and offered a service through which city goers could easily borrow bikes to travel around the city”可知，共享单车已经有半个世纪的历史，故选D项。
7．What made Shanghai have trouble keeping its bike sharing programs at first
A．Little demand. B．Too many taxis.
C．A lack of money. D．No government support.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Shanghai similarly struggled in 2014, with citizens choosing to take taxis or to buy their own bikes”可知，市场需求少是造成其最初发展问题的因素。
8．What would be the best title for the text
A．Bikes: an eco friendly means of transport
B．The benefits of bike sharing
C．The kingdom of bicycles
D．Bike sharing in China
解析：选D 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了共享单车在中国的发展过程，故D项为最佳标题。
Ⅳ.语法填空
About 40 years ago, Jadav Payeng, an Indian teenager, began planting trees in a huge sandbar (沙洲) near his birthplace.With his hard work and great efforts, he has turned the sandbar __1__ a forest.
It was 1979, __2__ Payeng was only 16, and floods had washed a great number of snakes onto the sandbar.When Payeng found them, they had all died.“Because of the __3__ (absent) of trees, the snakes died in __4__ heat.It was really __5__ (pain), so I decided to grow bamboos and trees there，” said Payeng.
Over the years, Payeng __6__ (plant) over 1,360 acres (英亩) of forest.The forest, __7__ (name) after its creator, is believed to be the world's biggest forest in the middle of a river. The once lifeless sandbar is now home to several thousands of __8__ (variety) of trees and an amazing diversity of wildlife, including birds, deer, apes, elephants and even tigers.In 2015, Payeng __9__ (honor) with Padma Shri, one of the top awards in India.
Today, Payeng still lives in the forest.He shares a small house with his wife and three children __10__ makes a living by selling cow and buffalo milk.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。印度曾经的一片沙洲如今却成了1 360英亩的森林，有着各种各样的植物，吸引着无数动物前来光顾。这一切的转变，全靠一个人，他就是Jadav Payeng。
1．into turn ...into ...是习惯搭配，意为“将……变成……”。
2．when 此处when用作关系副词，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1979, 其中when在从句中作时间状语。
3．absence 空格中所填单词在句中作because of的宾语，且空前有冠词the，故用absent的名词形式。
4．the 此处heat为不可数名词，in the heat意为“在炎热的天气中”。
5．painful 空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用pain的形容词形式。
6．has planted “over ＋ 一段时间”作状语时，句子谓语用现在完成时。
7．named named after its creator是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the forest, 分词动作name与被修饰词之间是被动关系。
8．varieties thousands of修饰名词，被修饰名词需用复数形式；varieties of表示“各种各样的”。
9．was honored 主语Payeng是谓语动词动作honor的承受者，用被动语态；时间状语in 2015与一般过去时连用。
10．and 空前和空后属于并列谓语，故用and连接。PAGE
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Unit 2 课时跟踪检测（三） Grammar & Writing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Seeing the sun rising (rise) above the surface of the sea we burst out a shout of joy.
2．Judging (judge) from his tone, there's no doubt that he is against the plan.
3．Recently a survey comparing (compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
4．Looking (look) at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
5．We had an anxious couple of weeks waiting (wait) for the results of the experiment.
6．With exports playing (play) a big role in economic growth, this country has been affected by the current financial storm.
7．Having_been_told (tell) many times, he finally understood the problem.
8．With the couple working (work) in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．Looking_back_on_the_past_two_weeks,_we can't help thinking of the heated discussions we had in class.
回顾过去的两周，我们情不自禁想起了我们课堂上进行的那些激烈的讨论。
2．A week before Earth Day, a big poster was put up on campus, calling upon us students to take action for a greener earth.
在“地球日”前的一周，我们学校就贴出大海报，号召我们学生为建立一个更加环保的地球而行动起来。
3．Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining_how_the_idea_occurs_to_you and what materials you use.
连同你的创意作品，你还需要交一份报告，说明你的创意来源和所使用的材料。
4．With_birds_singing_in_the_tree and everything so green, I feel very delighted and relaxed.
鸟儿在树上歌唱，满眼绿色，我感到既快乐又放松。
5．As a young student, I suggest that the teacher choose some more films that appeal to us teenagers, thus_making_the_course_more_interesting.
作为一名年轻的学生，我建议老师多选择吸引我们青少年的电影，这样会使课程更有趣。
6．Standing on the top of the mountain, the temple has witnessed many changes in this area.
坐落在山顶的庙见证了这个地区的许多变化。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Have you ever thought about living in a “green” house, one that is healthy for you and your family and helps conserve the Earth's resources Some people want to build a new home, renovate an existing one, or make a few changes in their living habits. Every household can do something to support the conservation of the environment and improve our quality of life. As environmental concerns continue to increase worldwide, using more green products into our lives becomes more and more important. There is growing interest in green living, and the possibilities for achieving it in our homes are rapidly expanding. Our company's website www.ghouseabc.com can show you more about that.
Because buildings need enormous quantities of the Earth's resources in their construction and daily operation, they offer many opportunities for new eco friendly design as well as cost savings. The Green House shows the combination of architecture, interior design, and environmental responsibility. Home is where going green begins — where we as individuals have the power to set a new course for a brighter future.
If you are interested in these “green” houses, please contact us and our company will send you more information about them. And we're sure you'll have a surprise.
E mail: ghouseabc @
Phone: 3567218/3567219
Fax: 3390231
语篇解读：本文介绍了有关“Green House”的相关内容。
1．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．remind people to protect the environment
B．ask people to buy a “green” house
C．give a brief introduction of the “green” house
D．express the writer's own opinion about the environment
解析：选B 写作意图题。文章主要介绍了“green” house以及与之相关的一些内容，其目的在于让人们买他们的产品。
2．From the passage, we can learn that the Green House shows ________.
A．only interior design and outer appearance of the building
B．the combination of architecture and environmental importance
C．the importance of the Green Movement
D．the combination of architecture, interior design
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章中的第二段第二句指出the Green House展现了“architecture, interior design, and environmental responsibility”的结合。
3．The underlined word “eco friendly” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
A．friendly to people
B．good for the design of buildings
C．good for the environment
D．friendly to the Green House
解析：选C 词义猜测题。eco 是个前缀，意为“环境的，生态的”，eco friendly的表面意思是“对生态环境友好的”，也就是“有益于生态环境的”。
4．How many ways can you use to get more information about the products
A．1. B．2.
C．3. D．4.
解析：选D 细节理解题。第一段最后一句有公司的网址，文章结尾有3种联系方式，因此共有4种方法。
B
A Brazilian official says water restrictions in Brasilia will end by December in 2018, when an expanded supply system will be completed.United Nations officials say Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, is one of a growing number of cities with water shortages.
A U．N.report says water is in demand around the world as temperatures on the Earth's surface rise and demand grows along with populations.The public water supply has less water because of low rainfall as well as fast and disorderly growth in Brasilia, which is part of the Federal District.
In January 2016, after three years of little rain, district officials began limiting how much water people could use.The governments of the Federal District and the nearby state of Goias also gave $166 million to develop water supply systems.When work is completed, the expanded water supply will provide 2,800 liters of water per second for the Federal District's 3 million people, and the same amount to Goias.About 16 percent of Brazil's 5,570 cities have water problems, the federal government said.
Water demand around the world is expected to increase by nearly one third by 2050.By then, 5 billion people could be left with poor access to water, the U．N.warned in its 2018 World Water Development Report.
To avoid such a crisis, the U．N.officials in its report called for “nature based solutions” that should be used to increase water availability.They said solutions could include changing farming methods so fields keep more moisture (水分) and nutrients, collecting rainwater, and protecting wetlands.The officials also suggested recovering floodplains (河漫滩) and said that plants could be grown on housetops.
Such ways will become more important as water industries grow.By 2025, the worldwide demand for agriculture based on land resources is expected to rise by about 60 percent, and demand for energy production will rise by around 80 percent, the report also said.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。巴西首都限制用水的禁令即将解除，因为政府扩大了供水系统。随着地球变暖和人口的增加，水资源短缺会越来越严重。对此，联合国提出了一些避免水危机的措施。
5．How will the water problem in Brasilia be dealt with
A．Its water supply will be enlarged.
B．Its population will be made smaller.
C．The United Nations will take actions.
D．The earth's surface temperatures will change.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句可知，巴西利亚的供水将得到改善是因为将扩大供水系统。
6．What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A．The Brazilian government has no plan to settle water problems.
B．Water problems in most Brazilian cities can't be solved soon.
C．The state of Goias will have water problems all the time.
D．There are still water problems in other Brazilian cities.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，水供应工程完成之后，供水量增加，巴西利亚和戈亚斯州的供水问题解决。政府官员接着说，巴西大约16%的城市存在缺水问题，这说明巴西其他城市也存在供水问题。
7．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．The potential crisis in the future.
B．Changes of future farming methods.
C．The importance of environmental protection.
D．Measures to prevent future water shortage.
解析：选D 段落大意题。根据本段的内容可知，本段主要讨论的是联合国提出的避免将来水危机的措施。
8．What can we learn from the 2018 World Water Development Report
A．Nature based ways should be avoided to solve water problems.
B．People all over the world will have enough water by 2050.
C．Humans' demand for natural resources will grow.
D．There will be no resource crises in the future.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句以及最后一段可知，将来人类对水资源、土地资源、发电等的需求是不断增长的，由此可以推知，人类对自然资源的需求是逐步增长的。
Ⅳ.语法填空
As we age, our ability to think and remember starts to __1__ (worse), but not everyone.Some have brains __2__ age more slowly.They are super agers!
Super agers are people over the age of 80 who have the brain structures and abilities of younger people.Eighty seven year old Bill Gurolnick is a super ager. “What do I feel like If I was to give a number, I could __3__ (probable) feel like I'm about my early 70s，” said Gurolnick.
In a recent study, Emily Rogalski, a scientist at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, found that the area of the brain responsible __4__ attention and memory — the cortex — was __5__ (thick) in super agers.“__6__ (look) at the cortex of their brains, we see that, on average, it looks like a 50 year old brain，” said Rogalski.
Scientists say super agers have several things in common, including __7__ active lifestyle.Many travel and play sports.They are often big readers.And usually they __8__ (surround) with healthy relationships and they spend lots of time with friends.Rogalski says super agers are, for the most part, known for their __9__ (optimistic)．
The science behind super aging is a relatively new but growing field.Scientists involved in the research offer this advice as we age: Stay active.Learn new __10__ (skill)．Challenge yourself.Surround yourself with healthy relationships.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。随着年龄的增长，大部分人的思考能力和记忆能力开始退化，但有些人的大脑衰老速度会慢一些，他们被称为“超级老人”！
1．worsen worse为形容词，表示“更坏的，更糟的”，此处不定式中应用其动词形式worsen，表示“(使某事物)更坏， 恶化”。
2．that/which 此处that/which age more slowly是定语从句，修饰先行词brains, 关系代词that/which在从句中作主语。
3．probably 空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用probable的副词形式。
4．for (be) responsible for ...是习惯搭配，意思是“对……负责”。
5．thicker 此处应用形容词thick的比较级形式作表语，与一般人的情况作比较。
6．Looking Looking at the cortex of their brains是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作look与逻辑主语we之间是主动关系。
7．an 句意：科学家表示，超级老人有很多共同之处，包括积极的生活方式。这里用不定冠词表示泛指。
8．are surrounded be surrounded with ...意思是“被……围绕、包围”；这里说的是一般性情况，用一般现在时。
9．optimism 空格中所填单词在句中作介词for的宾语且前面有物主代词their修饰，故用optimistic的名词形式。
10．skills 此处skill为可数名词，表示“技能”，并且前面没有冠词，故应用其复数形式。PAGE
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Unit 2 课时跟踪检测（四） Project
Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词的正确形式
1．They spare no effort (努力) to help reserve the wildlife.
2．It's illegal (非法的) to carry guns in our country.
3．He consumed (消耗) much time and energy in writing this book.
4．The surrounding villages have been absorbed (吸收，合并) in the growing city.
5．There are two hundred boys ranging from seven to fourteen in age.
6．There is no point buying him expensive presents and he doesn't appreciate them.
7．He buried himself in an electrical book.
8．She has already tried her best. Please don't be too particular about her job.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．毫无疑问，环境对孩子的成长有很大的影响。
There_is_no_doubt_that environment has a great effect on the growth of children.
2．战争持续越久，那里的人们受难就越多。
The_longer the war lasts, the_more the people there will suffer.
3．彩色的东西通常能容易吸引孩子们的注意。
Things in colour can often absorb_children's_attention easily.
4．我们感到好像我们见证了整个事件。
We felt as_if_we_had_witnessed the whole thing.
5．如果您能给我一些关于如何解决这些问题的建议我将不胜感激。
I would_appreciate_it_if_you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Garbage trucks pick up rubbish and take it to dumps (垃圾场). Over time, the piles of rubbish at the dumps get bigger. The dumps are getting __1__. Now, we know that some things people throw away can be __2__. Recycling (回收) trucks come to many homes to __3__ these recyclables.
Some people sort their __4__ into two separate boxes. This is called two stream recycling. One box __5__ paper products, and one box holds plastic, glass, and metal materials. Other people __6__ single stream recycling. They do not sort their recyclables into __7__ boxes.
The recycling trucks collect the recyclables that people throw away and __8__ the materials to recycling centers. In some places, workers __9__ the materials by hand, __10__ many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables.
New technology has made recycling centers more __11__. Large machines with magnets (磁铁) sort metal materials. The magnets separate steel cans from aluminum cans. The cans are crushed (压碎) and __12__ to companies that reuse the metal. Other __13__ crush paper and tie it together. Paper companies buy these things to __14__ fresh paper.
Recycling is __15__ for many reasons. __16__ we recycle everything we can, garbage dumps will not fill up so __17__. Also, by recycling old materials, we will use __18__ new materials. Recycling uses less energy than making __19__ products. Recycling saves fossil fuels (矿物燃料) and __20__ pollution. This is good for our planet's health.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了垃圾回收利用的方法及优点。
1．A.small B．clean
C．full D．old
解析：选C 根据上文中的“Over time, the piles of rubbish at the dumps get bigger”可知，越来越多的垃圾使得垃圾场快“满(full)”了。
2．A.returned B．bought
C．reused D．found
解析：选C 根据下文中的“Recycling (回收) trucks come to many homes”及“The recycling trucks collect the recyclables”可知，人们扔掉的垃圾中有些是可以“再使用的(reused)”。
3．A.break up B．pick up
C．throw away D．search for
解析：选B 根据下文中的“The recycling trucks collect the recyclables”可知，垃圾回收车去家里“捡(pick up)”垃圾。
4．A.products B．clothes
C．recyclables D．books
解析：选C 根据下文中的“This is called two stream recycling”可知，有些人把“可回收的垃圾(recyclables)”放进两个不同的箱子里。
5．A.contains B．protects
C．lacks D．destroys
解析：选A 根据下文中的“one box holds plastic, glass, and metal materials”可知，一个箱子“装(contains)”纸。
6．A.dislike B．learn
C．share D．use
解析：选D 根据文中的“Some people sort their________ into two separate boxes ”及“They do not sort their recyclables into________ boxes”可知，有些人没有把可回收的垃圾放入“不同的(separate)”箱子里，他们“采用(use)”的是单流程的回收方式。
7．A.big B．public
C．common D．separate
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
8．A.bring B．sell
C．pass D．turn
解析：选A 垃圾回收车把人们扔掉的垃圾回收起来“送到(bring)”回收中心。
9．A.produce B．sort
C．repair D．check
解析：选B 根据下文中的“many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables”可知，有些地方的工人是手工将垃圾“分类(sort)”。
10．A.and B．because
C．so D．while
解析：选D 根据文中的“In some places, workers________the materials by hand”与“many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables”可知，两种工作方式形成对比，故用“但是(while)”。
11．A.usual B．special
C．comfortable D．efficient
解析：选D 根据下文中的“Large machines with magnets (磁铁) sort metal materials. The magnets separate steel cans from aluminum cans”可知，科技让垃圾回收站更有“效率(efficient)”。
12．A.introduced B．lent
C．sent D．shown
解析：选C 根据下文中的“companies that reuse the metal”可知，罐子压扁后被“送到(sent)”回收金属制品的公司。
13．A.families B．companies
C．machines D．workers
解析：选C 根据上文中的“Large machines with magnets (磁铁) sort metal materials”可知，有的“机器(machines)”将纸粉碎后打成捆。
14．A.save B．make
C．change D．store
解析：选B 根据文中的“Paper companies buy these things to________ fresh paper”可知，造纸厂买这些碎纸用来“制造(make)”新纸。
15．A.good B．cheap
C．expensive D．difficult
解析：选A 根据下文中的“Recycling uses less energy”及“Recycling saves fossil fuels”可知，垃圾回收利用是“有益的(good)”。
16．A.As B．If
C．Unless D．Though
解析：选B 根据文中的“we recycle everything we can, garbage dumps will not fill up”可知，“如果(If)”我们能回收利用一切事物，那么我们的垃圾场就不会“很快(quickly)”被填满。
17．A.suddenly B．carefully
C．quietly D．quickly
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
18．A.fewer B．more
C．enough D．some
解析：选A 根据上文中的“by recycling old materials” 可知，通过回收旧材料，我们就会使用“更少的(fewer)”新材料。
19．A.strange B．different
C．new D．great
解析：选C 根据上文中的“Recycling uses less energy”可知，垃圾回收再利用会比制造“新的(new)”产品消耗更少的能量。
20．A.increases B．allows
C．stops D．reduces
解析：选D 根据上文中的“Recycling saves fossil fuels”可知，垃圾回收再利用会“减少(reduces)”污染。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
On November 7, Lewis Pugh completed a one kilometer swim in the freezing waters of King Edward Cove, off South Georgia in Antarctica.He was wearing only his swimming glasses, cap and Speedos!
Pugh is an advocate for our oceans and seas, working to protect these ecosystems (生态系统) with their large diversity of marine (海的) life.When asked why he doesn't wear a wetsuit, Lewis says，“I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans.Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular.If I'm asking them to be courageous, I must also be.Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”
It took Pugh about 19 minutes to complete the one kilometer swim in Antarctica where the water averaged about 1.6 degrees Celsius. He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before it starts shutting down. As he swims, his body temperature steadily drops, which in turn causes his muscle control to drop, slowing him down. When he is done with his swim, his support team rushes him to a hot shower and it takes almost an hour for his body temperature to return to normal.
Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters.Even expert swimmers who are unused to freezing water can drown within minutes because of the physical shock experienced by the body.Pugh says he trained for six months before this swim.
This is not the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerous conditions.In 2007, he swam one kilometer in the North Pole to draw attention to the melting Arctic ice due to climate change.In 2015, he swam in the Bay of Whales in Antarctica's Ross Sea as part of his successful campaign to help set up a marine reserve there.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。为了唤起人们保护海洋的意识，Lewis Pugh在南极冰冷的水域完成了一公里的游泳壮举。
1．Why did Lewis Pugh swim without a wetsuit
A．To swim faster.
B．To show his bravery.
C．To build up his body.
D．To win public attention.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If I'm asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message”可知，Lewis Pugh之所以不穿潜水服是为了向人们展示自己的勇气，并借此鼓励领导者要有勇气采取措施来保护海洋环境。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．His body. B．The water.
C．His body temperature. D．The water temperature.
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据第三段画线词后面的“As he swims, his body temperature steadily drops，which in turn causes his muscle control to drop, slowing him down”可知，Pugh说他的身体在冰冷的水中只能坚持约20分钟，一旦超过这个时间，身体就会罢工。故选A项。
3．What's Pugh's advice about swimming in freezing waters
A．One must be fully prepared.
B．One should be expert at swimming.
C．One should be ready to take on challenges.
D．One must be used to long distance swimming.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters”可知，Pugh认为如果想在冰冷的水中游泳，必须事先进行一段时间的训练。即做好充分的准备，故选A项。
4．Which of the following may be the best title for the text
A．Lewis Pugh: swimming for a cause
B．How to survive a swim in cold waters
C．How to prepare for extreme swimming
D．Lewis Pugh: achieving the impossible
解析：选A 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Lewis Pugh为唤起人们保护海洋的意识而在南极冰冷的水域游泳的壮举，故A项作标题最符合文章主旨。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
About 43 years ago, I spotted an advertisement in the paper for the YMCA wilderness program.__1__ My first experience was a boat trip.I still have the images of sunrises and sunsets with all the beautiful colours on Lake of the Woods.
__2__ Even now I can feel the cold water dripping (滴) down my arm as we sat in the boat pulling the paddles (桨)awkwardly through running water.It was my first experience in a boat and my arms became tired after many hours of paddling.
We stopped for lunch in the boat by gathering all the boats together.__3__
At night it was time to camp at our site picked out by our guide. There we learned to start campfires and cook some of our meals. This is where I fell in love with noodles.__4__ We cleaned up our mess and put up our tents (帐篷) and slept on the ground. We learned to carry the heavy packs to our next destination. I developed a sense of accomplishment and had arm muscles after that trip.
There were no phones, makeup, hair dryers ... just us and the bush.We came from different backgrounds with different personalities and we all had to work together as a group.
__5__ I kept a journal from that second trip and often go back to it.
A．They dropped us off in the bush.
B．I had to experience more of the wilderness.
C．I was 15 and wanted to do something different.
D．Our guide handed out chocolate, cheese, and dried meat.
E．I liked the boat trip so much that I joined the “Survival” trip the next year.
F．It was wonderful sharing simple meals over the fire and talking with new friends.
G．As a teenager, I didn't know that I was having the best adventure a teenager could have.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次参加荒野项目的经历。
1．解析：选C 结合本空前面的“About 43 years ago”， “wilderness program”和本空后面的“My first experience was a boat trip”可知，C项“15岁的我想要做一些不一样的事情”符合语境。
2．解析：选G 根据本空后面的“Even now I can feel the cold water dripping down my arm”， “pulling the paddles awkwardly”， “my arms became tired”和第四段末的“a sense of accomplishment”可知，G项“作为一名青少年，我并不知道自己正在经历一次一个少年可能经历的最好的冒险活动”符合语境。
3．解析：选D 根据本空前面的“stopped for lunch”可以锁定D项中的“chocolate, cheese, and dried meat”。代入后，“我们的导游分发了巧克力、奶酪和肉干”符合语境。
4．解析：选F 根据本空前面的“start campfires and cook some of our meals”可以锁定F项中的“sharing simple meals over the fire”。代入后，“在篝火旁和新朋友分享简单的食物并聊天是一件很棒的事情”符合语境。
5．解析：选E 根据本空后面的“that second trip”可知，E项“我太喜欢这次乘船之旅因此第二年参加了野外生存旅行”符合语境。PAGE
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Unit 2 课时跟踪检测（一） Welcome to the unit & Reading —
Language points
Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词的正确形式
1．Friendship is always a sweet responsibility (责任), never an opportunity.
2．Recycling (回收利用) is good for the environment, but it costs a lot of money.
3．Production (产量) of computers has increased double in the last few years.
4．Don't be so greedy (贪婪的) — leave some of the food for the rest of us.
5．The driver got injured so badly that he needed operating on without delay.
6．After a long debate the House of Commons approved the bill.
7．The Yellow River originates in the west and flows eastwards into the sea.
8．As far as I am concerned,_you can do what you like.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．这个房子的价格是2015年时的三倍。
The price of the house is three_times_what_it_was in 2015.
2．他总是乐于助人，因为他以助人为乐。
He_is_willing_to_help_others,_because he considers it a pleasure to help others.
3．那项艰巨的工作完成后，老板就开始了裁员。
After the hard job was finished, the boss began_to_cut_back_on_workers.
4．如果我们遇到我们任何人都处理不了的情况怎么办呢？
What_if_we_meet_with_a_situation_(that/which) none of us are able to deal with
5．花园里只剩下少量的花了。
There is only a_small_quantity_of_flowers left in the garden.
Ⅲ.完形填空
During a mid autumn holiday with my family at a fishing spot, I witnessed a fish being __1__， hopping (跳跃) out of the water's surface, making every effort to __2__.
I could see that the fisherman was an expert __3__ he decided to __4__ it struggling (挣扎) in the water so as to work off its __5__. Right at that moment, I held my __6__. With every move it made, I became more and more __7__.
Finally, the fish, the fighter, ran out of power __8__ it was caught in the expert's fishing net. When it was thrown out of the net, it __9__ started to struggle with all of its strength. Still, the expert fisherman was there to wait for it to become __10__. The fighter stopped hopping in only a couple of minutes. My feelings were __11__. I appreciated its strength and braveness but at the same time felt sorry about its sad __12__.
Suddenly, I heard a sound of something dropping into the __13__： the fighter itself had turned the tables!
Yes, the fish __14__. After pretending that it had run out of all of its strength, it had rolled back into the river.
I __15__ the fighter from the bottom of my heart when it made it. Of course not every fish is as __16__ as this one. However, they all __17__ hard just to survive. Even though they can be more __18__ hurt compared to us human beings, I'm struck by how such a little fish tried so hard to __19__ its own life. Why can't we human beings cherish (珍惜) our life just as these little creatures do Wouldn't people who don't realize the __20__ of life feel ashamed after seeing such creatures struggle to survive
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者在文中描述了自己目睹鱼儿被捕后死里逃生的整个过程，并对此发出感慨：生命很宝贵，大家应该珍惜。
1．A.eaten B．killed
C．freed D．caught
解析：选D 根据下文中的“struggling (挣扎) in the water”可知，作者目睹了一条鱼被“捉住(caught)”的场面。
2．A.move B．survive
C．hunt D．recover
解析：选B 根据下文描述鱼儿挣扎着死里逃生可知，它竭尽全力想要“活下来(survive)”。
3．A.for B．if
C．though D．before
解析：选A 该空后的内容解释了为什么钓鱼的人是行家，故填for。
4．A.bring B．imagine
C．leave D．stop
解析：选C 参见下题解析。
5．A.time B．anger
C．weight D．energy
解析：选D 根据下文中的“the fish, the fighter, ran out of power”可知，钓鱼的人将已经上钩的鱼“留在(leave)”水里做最后的挣扎，想让鱼儿耗尽“体力(energy)”。
6．A.opinion B．breath
C．plan D．record
解析：选B 参见下题解析。
7．A.careful B．surprised
C．nervous D．disappointed
解析：选C 根据下文描述作者对鱼儿的复杂情感可知，作者此时屏住“呼吸(breath)”，也随着鱼儿的每一次挣扎，变得越来越“紧张(nervous)”。
8．A.and B．but
C．while D．until
解析：选A “鱼儿耗尽体力”和“最终被渔网捞出”之间为并列关系，故填and。
9．A.just B．also
C．once D．again
解析：选D 根据上文中的“it struggling (挣扎) in the water”和该空后的“started to struggle with all of its strength”可知，鱼儿被网子捞出时“又(again)”开始挣扎着想要活命。
10．A.dead B．exhausted
C．afraid D．hungry
解析：选B 根据该句中的“Still”和“wait for it”可知，钓鱼的人还是想等鱼儿“筋疲力尽(exhausted)”。
11．A.mixed B．terrible
C．unclear D．familiar
解析：选A 根据下一句中的“I appreciated its strength and braveness”和“felt sorry”两种不同的情感可知，作者对鱼儿产生了“混杂的(mixed)”感情。
12．A.news B．choice
C．ending D．feeling
解析：选C 现在鱼儿已经被捕捞，作者为它悲伤的“结局(ending)”感到难过。
13．A.net B．water
C．sea D．cave
解析：选B 根据文章开头的“a fishing spot”以及下文中的“it had rolled back into the river”可知，作者听到有东西掉入“水(water)”中的声音。
14．A.remembered B．failed
C．regretted D．succeeded
解析：选D 根据下一句中的“it had rolled back into the river”可知，鱼儿“成功(succeeded)”逃脱。
15．A.thanked B．loved
C．clapped D．trusted
解析：选C 根据上文作者对鱼儿的情感描写以及该段接下来的议论可知，作者打心底里为鱼儿的逃脱“拍手喝彩(clapped)”。
16．A.lucky B．special
C．fresh D．beautiful
解析：选A 当然，并不是每条鱼都像这条鱼一样“幸运(lucky)”，能够死里逃生。
17．A.learn B．fight
C．pull D．hop
解析：选B 根据上文描述鱼儿竭尽全力保全性命可知，鱼儿“力争(fight)”活命。
18．A.quickly B．directly
C．repeatedly D．easily
解析：选D 根据该空后的“compared to us human beings”可知，和人类比起来，鱼儿更“容易(easily)”受到伤害。
19．A.save B．finish
C．enjoy D．improve
解析：选A 根据上一句中的“just to survive”可知，小鱼竭尽所能“挽救(save)”自己的性命给作者留下了非常深刻的印象。
20．A.truth B．purpose
C．importance D．hardship
解析：选C 通篇文章描写了小鱼想方设法活命的故事，因此作者在此联想到生命的“重要性(importance)”。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
As a small boy in Norwich, England, Andy Ridley dreamt of an underwater world so full of life, it couldn't possibly exist. But decades later, a grown up Andy found it in real life — and his underwater fantasy world turned out to be even bigger than the UK.
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is about 344,400 sq km and is so large it can be seen from space. As CEO of the new Citizens of the GBR initiative (计划), he wants ordinary people around the world to play a part in protecting this famous habitat, which is suffering from another widespread bleaching (白化) event.
It's not the first time Andy has taken on such a huge task. He co founded Earth Hour (EH), which involves people and businesses turning off their lights for the same hour each year.
“The Great Barrier Reef is a mirror on humanity — the health of the reef reflects how we're treating the planet，” Andy says. “I was working in the Netherlands and I started to see the stories about what was going on in the reef. I wanted to see what was really going on.”
So, in 2002, Andy, his zoologist wife, Dr Tammie Matson, and their two young children, left the bright lights of Europe for a life under the stars in Cairns.
Andy says one of his most magical experiences was on an early trip to Osprey Island. “I'd never seen anything like it，” he says.“It was full of life.” After this memorable dive Andy imagined how he could use the reef to create change, and Citizens of the GBR was born.
Whether you're a child growing up in a New York apartment or a grandfather living in Beijing, anyone can register (注册) as a “citizen” and have a say in how the GBR is protected. Registration will allow you to vote online on which projects the initiative finances and be kept informed of the results.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。从“地球一小时”到“大堡礁公民”，为了保护环境，Andy Ridley又开启了新的征程。
1．What is the aim of the GBR initiative
A．To stop the reef from turning white.
B．To find an underwater world full of life.
C．To build a fantasy world based on reality.
D．To attract visitors to the Great Barrier Reef.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As CEO of the new Citizens of the GBR initiative, he wants ordinary people around the world to play a part in protecting this famous habitat, which is suffering from another widespread bleaching event”可知，“大堡礁公民”计划的目的是防止大堡礁继续白化。
2．Why did Andy go to Cairns
A．To do some business.
B．To have a family holiday.
C．To look for an interesting job.
D．To look into the bleaching event.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I started to see the stories about what was going on in the reef. I wanted to see what was really going on”可知，Andy到凯恩斯是为了就珊瑚礁白化问题一探究竟。
3．What inspired Andy to set up Citizens of the GBR
A．A sports accident. B．A diving experience.
C．A heated discussion. D．A magic performance.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“After this memorable dive Andy imagined how he could use the reef to create change, and Citizens of the GBR was born”可知，一次潜水经历促使Andy决定开启“大堡礁公民”计划。
4．What will the “citizens” do according to the text
A．Raise money online.
B．Have a say in who can register.
C．Give opinions on the reef's protection.
D．Organize research projects on the environment.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“anyone can register as a ‘citizen’ and have a say in how the GBR is protected”可以推知，参与这一项目的“市民”可以就如何保护大堡礁发表意见。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
You are in the car on the way to work.You're a little nervous, fearing that you might be late.Then you come to a crossing.What's going on？__1__ Oh no！All you see are cars in every direction and none of the cars around you are moving!
__2__ Whether it's being late for school or missing the first few minutes of a movie, no one likes to get stuck in traffic.While we don't give it a second thought most of the time, we suddenly realize how many cars there are on the road when they've got us surrounded!
If you've ever been stuck in bad traffic, you may have wondered exactly how many cars there are on the road at any one time.__3__ There are just too many vehicles in the world today!
Way back in the early 20th century, Henry Ford, who was the founder of the Ford Motor Company, probably never imagined what his production system would mean for the world.While he hoped to make automobiles affordable for the average American, he probably never dreamed the world would reach the point where it stands today.
There are over one billion automobiles in our world today.__4__ The rest of the time, they're parked in garages, waiting for the next time they'll get to hit the open road.
When it comes to automobiles, the United States and China lead the way.Today, China has over 200 million automobiles.The US has even more.Some experts believe there could be 2.5 billion automobiles worldwide by 2050.__5__
A．You look around and realize you're stuck in traffic.
B．If that happens, traffic jams are likely to be worse than ever!
C．Have you ever experienced a traffic jam at the worst possible moment
D．Can you imagine being stuck in traffic every day on your way to work
E．While that's a great question to wonder about, it's unfortunately impossible to answer.
F．Of course, only a certain percentage of those automobiles are on the road at any given time.
G．Although it's impossible to avoid traffic jams altogether, there are some ways to help you reduce the time on the road.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。现阶段，交通拥挤已成为世界性“城市病”。你也许不禁会问，世界上到底有多少辆汽车？为什么交通堵塞越来越严重？
1．解析：选A 根据空格前的问句“What's going on？”可知，空格处应该做出回答。由空格后一句可推断出，十字路口出现了严重的交通拥挤情况，故选A。
2．解析：选C 根据空格后列举的交通拥挤的几种糟糕情况可推断出，前一句问你是否在最糟糕的时候经历过交通堵塞。
3．解析：选E 前一句说“你可能想知道路上究竟有多少辆车”，接下来应该对这一问题做出回答。选项E“虽然这个问题问得好，但不幸的是，不可能给出答案”，后一句接着补充“因为车子实在太多，无法统计”。
4．解析：选F 根据空格后的“The rest of the time, they're parked in garages”可知，在特定时间内，这些汽车中只有一部分在路上行驶；其余时间，这些汽车停在车库。
5．解析：选B 专家认为到2050年，将会有超过25亿的汽车，如果这样的话，交通拥挤情况将会比以前更糟糕。
