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Unit 3 课时跟踪检测（二） Word power, Grammar and usage &
Task
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We have a tight schedule for your brief (短时间的) visit. I hope you don't mind.
2．She originally (最初) thought of donating all of her organs to save others' lives, but failed to do it because of her serious illness.
3．The majority (多数) of students were in favour of the suggestion that they (should) go out for a picnic next Sunday.
4．Having taken the matter into consideration (仔细考虑) many times, we decided not to buy such an expensive car.
5．I've known him for years, and I trust his judgement (判断)．
6．The following is a summary (总结) of our conclusions.
7．According to the survey conducted (实施) by this university, only 18% are for the idea.
8．To be frank, I will choose teaching as my profession (职业) in the future.
Ⅱ.选词填空
take ...into consideration， in brief， put ...in place， follow in the footsteps of ...， get burnt out
1．Don't worry.I have put everything in_place.
2．Don't work so hard, or you will get_burnt_out.
3．She works in education, following_in_the_footsteps_of her father.
4．Taking everything into_consideration,_the event was a great success.
5．We should, in_brief,_invest heavily in digital systems.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
A microscope (显微镜) is a useful instrument for observing small objects by producing a bigger image. The microscope shows details that cannot be seen by the naked eye (肉眼)．
Before using the microscope, please read the instructions below.
CAUTION：
Microscopes are both easily broken and expensive and must be handled with care.
1．Always carry the microscope with two hands — one supporting the base and the other on the arm.
2．Avoid stretching the power cable of the lamp across a walkway.
3．Keep the stage clean and always use a glass slide for samples. To avoid breaking the glass slide when focusing, begin with the lens (镜头) close to the sample and gradually back off to focus. Keep the microscope covered to prevent the build up of dust while it is being stored.
HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE：
1．Turn on the lamp.
2．Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a slide.
3．Move the mirror so it reflects (反射) light from the room up into the objective lens. When the mirror is in the correct position, a complete circle of light will appear when you look through the eyepiece.
4．Place your slide with the sample directly over the center of the glass circle on the stage. If it is a wet slide, be sure the bottom of the slide is dry.
5．With the LOW POWER objective lens placed over the slide, use the coarse focus knob (粗聚焦旋钮) to lower the lens to the lowest point.
6．Look through the eyepiece with one eye while closing the other eye. Slowly raise the lens until the focus is relatively clear.
7．Use the fine focus knob (精细聚焦旋钮)．
8．Without changing the focus knobs, switch to the HIGH POWER objective lens. Once you have switched to HIGH POWER, use only the fine focus knob to make the image sharper.
语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了如何使用显微镜以及注意事项。
1．If you want to observe a piece of hair, which of the following should you do first
A．Move the mirror.
B．Cover the microscope.
C．Look through the eyepiece.
D．Place the hair on a glass slide.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE内容介绍中的“Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a slide.”可知，如果要用显微镜观察头发，应先把头发放在玻璃片上。
2．According to the text, you could see a complete circle of light ________.
A．as soon as you turn on the lamp
B．after slowly raising the objective lens
C．while looking at the sample on the glass slide
D．after moving the mirror in the correct position
解析：选D 细节理解题。由HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE内容介绍中的“When the mirror is in the correct position, a complete circle of light will appear”可知D项正确。
3．What is the main purpose of this text
A．To show readers the various parts of a microscope.
B．To persuade readers to buy this type of microscope.
C．To instruct readers on how to use a microscope with care.
D．To remind readers to be careful when using a microscope.
解析：选C 写作目的题。本文主要介绍了如何使用显微镜以及在使用时应该注意的事项。
B
There are many ways in which human cloning is expected to benefit humans.
Dr Richard Seed, one of the leading supporters of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to completely change the aging process because of what we learn from cloning.
Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. Heart disease is the number one killer in the US and several other industrialised countries.
There has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, and kidneys could be produced. By combining this technology with human cloning technology, it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart failure, and other problems can be cured if human cloning and its technology are not banned.
Though current treatments for infertility (不生育) are getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, they, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Some data shows that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before possible.
语篇解读：本文作者从几个方面介绍了克隆人技术给人类带来的益处。
4．According to Dr Richard Seed, we can use cloning technology to ________.
A．produce more animals
B．make people live happily
C．make people look younger
D．cure people of many diseases
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“to completely change the aging process”可知，Richard Seed认为克隆技术可以彻底改变变老的进程。因此推知，克隆技术可以使人们看上去更年轻。
5．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．cloning has already been used to treat heart disease
B．we can treat a man's heart disease by cloning hearts
C．most people in industrial countries suffer from heart disease
D．more people die of heart disease than of other diseases in the US
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，心脏病是美国和其他工业化国家的头号杀手，因此在美国死于心脏病的人要比死于其他疾病的人多。
6．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．With cloning infertile couples could have children.
B．Treatment of infertility is not successful.
C．Infertile couples suffer a lot physically and mentally.
D．It is difficult for couples to have more children now.
解析：选A 段落大意题。联系全文可知，本文的主题是人类克隆技术。最后一段点明了现在治疗不孕的成功率很低，许多夫妇饱受煎熬，最后说明了利用人类克隆技术可以使不孕的夫妇有自己的孩子，因此A项正确。
7．What is the author's attitude towards human cloning
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Cautious. D．Curious.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据文章第一句，特别是关键词benefit及第二至五段(都是讲人类克隆技术会给人类带来益处)可推知，作者对人类克隆技术持支持的态度。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Carter G. Woodson was born in the state of Virginia in 1875. His parents were both former slaves. Neither of his parents ever had the chance __1__ (learn) to read or write. Woodson, however, had a strong interest __2__ education. Because he spent much of his youth helping his family by __3__ (work) in farming and mining, Woodson mostly taught __4__ (he)．
Woodson __5__ (enter) high school at the age of 20 and received his diploma in just two years. He went on to become the second African American in history to earn a doctorate (博士学位) from Harvard University.
Woodson started a publication __6__ (name) The Journal of Negro History. It was later renamed The Journal of African American History. In it, he and other experts wrote about African American life and history. He also wrote more than 12 __7__ (book) on the topic during his lifetime. In 1926, Woodson developed __8__ education program on the study of African American history. The one week program __9__ (call) Negro History Week. It took place in February. Woodson chose February because it was the birth month of abolitionist Frederick Douglass and President Abraham Lincoln. That weeklong program later expanded to become __10__ is known today as Black History Month.
语篇解读：本文是对著名的黑人历史学家卡特·伍德森的简单介绍。
1．to learn 考查不定式作定语的用法。have the chance to do sth.意为“有做某事的机会”。
2．in 考查介词。have a strong interest in ... 意为“对……有浓厚的兴趣”。
3．working 考查动词 ing形式作宾语的用法。by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”。
4．himself 考查代词。teach oneself意为“自学”。
5．entered 考查时态。由时间状语at the age of 20可知，设空处所表示的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时，故填entered。
6．named 考查过去分词作定语的用法。publication后跟定语，因name与publication之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且name所表示的动作已完成，故填named。
7．books 考查名词复数。由空前的“12”可知此处用名词复数，故填books。
8．an 考查不定冠词。此处泛指一项教育项目，且education是以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
9．was called 考查时态和语态。设空处所在句描述的是过去事实，且The one week program与call之间是被动关系，故填was called。
10．what 考查连接词。设空处引导从句作become的表语，且在从句中作主语，再结合句意可知应填what。PAGE
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Unit 3 课时跟踪检测（三） Grammar & Writing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To learn English well, he didn't miss any opportunities to hear English spoken (speak) as much as he could.
2．His first book to_be_published (publish) next month is based on a true story.
3．It is one of the funniest things found (find) on the Internet so far this year.
4．No computer so far built (build) can have the same ability as human brains.
5．After she arrived at the hall, no one was in sight and then she turned away, disappointed (disappoint)．
6．Gathering (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
7．Though surprised (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
8．He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested (interest) in his lectures.
9．(北京高考改编)Ordinary soap, used (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
10．(天津高考改编)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken (take)．
Ⅱ.用动词 ed形式及其短语补全句子
1．Born_in_a_poor_family (出生在一个贫穷家庭), he had to work hard to make a living.
2．Having_been_defeated_many_times (尽管被击败过很多次)，they continued to fight.
3．The teacher entered the classroom, followed_by_a_group_of_students (后面跟着一群学生)．
4．Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill_(从山顶看), the park is very beautiful.
5．Do you know the language spoken_in_Canada_(在加拿大讲的)
6．China is a developing country while America is_a_developed_country (一个发达国家)．
7．I often hear the song sung_in_French (用法语唱)．
8．Given_more_time (多给点时间), I would do it even better.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
When I was four years old, I got stung (螫) by a bee — twice in one week! After that, I had a fear of bees. That's when my parents suggested that I learn about bees instead of being frightened. I read picture books and watched videos about bees, and I learned that bees help make the food we eat because of their pollination (授粉). Take pizza, for example. If we didn't have bees to pollinate tomato plants, we wouldn't have tomatoes for sauce. And we wouldn't have cheese without pollination, either.
The bad news is that bees are struggling to survive. Many are dying. Some scientists think it might be because of chemicals that are used to kill other insects. What would happen if there were no more bees I wanted to help. I thought, “What if I make lemonade, sell it, and raise money to help bees？” I talked to my grandmother Helen. She gave me her recipe (调制法) for lemonade. It came from a cookbook from 1940.
I added honey to her old recipe. That way, I could sell the lemonade and donate (捐赠) some of the money to groups that are helping to save bees. I could also support local beekeepers by using their honey in my product. And I would be educating others on the importance of bees and helping to save them.
My dad showed me how to work out what supplies I needed to buy. At first, I sold lemonade at a stand at a kids' business event. But I wanted to help bees all year round. We talked to a pizza place near where I live. They said they wanted to sell it. Now more than 30 stores sell it, too. This year we sold about 140,000 bottles. I love helping to save bees. It's the sweetest feeling ever.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过销售自制蜂蜜柠檬汁来帮助那些日益减少的蜜蜂。
1．After learning about bees, the author ________.
A．discovered their importance to people
B．developed an interest in insects
C．knew how to deal with them
D．became afraid of them
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I learned that bees help make the food we eat because of their pollination ... we wouldn't have cheese without pollination, either”可知，作者通过了解蜜蜂认识到了蜜蜂的重要性。
2．What led the author to start her business
A．Bees' worrying condition.
B．A cookbook from 1940.
C．Helen's special recipe.
D．Her parents' words.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The bad news is that bees are struggling to survive. Many are dying ... What would happen if there were no more bees I wanted to help”可知，蜜蜂的处境很危险，作者对此很担忧，因此打算卖柠檬汁来帮助蜜蜂。
3．Which of the following words can best describe the author
A．Careful and polite. B．Kind and caring.
C．Brave and smart. D．Strong and patient.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I wanted to help bees all year round”及“I love helping to save bees”可知，作者喜欢帮助蜜蜂，有爱心、很善良。
4．What's the best title fot the text
A．From lemon to lemonade
B．A kid and her bees
C．A healthy heart
D．A sweet idea
解析：选D 标题归纳题。根据文中作者为救蜜蜂而萌生出销售自制蜂蜜柠檬汁的想法及文章最后一句“It's the sweetest feeling ever”可知D项最适合作标题。
B
Regarded as geeks (怪人), scientists have been struggling with their image (形象) in society for decades. However, in recent years there has been a new understanding because of the rise of “Pop Star Scientists”. They are pioneers of a movement aiming to educate the general public about all matters relating to science, and most importantly inspire the next generation. But have these scientists actually made people develop an interest in science Do popular science TV shows cover too little science to be correct
Scientists have a lot to thank Professor Brian Cox and Sir David Attenborough for. The two most outstanding science broadcasters of the moment have attracted a wide audience to their shows. Back in late March, Stargazing Live returned with special broadcasts from Australia attracting over 1.5 million viewers — the top rated show of the day on BBC 2. In 2016 Planet Earth Ⅱ was the Radio Times Critics 8th best show of the year, and was more watched than The X Factor, with particular popularity among the 16－35 age group.
However, many believe that the task of making science popular would require a level of “dumbing down (弱智化)”. Professor Cox was blamed for some of his explanations given in a speech called “A Night with the Stars”. And yes, being completely correct is an important part of any field, but the media often act as the gateway to discovering science at a higher level.
Since 2014, the number of college students choosing to study science has started to fall gradually. In 2016, only 4.2% of them chose physics. This worries both scientists and the government, and the latter has encouraged more students to study science. However, the evidence suggests that what is now being done is not enough to actually take the public further than simply watching a TV program, and more needs to be done to improve science in the media to reach today's children. The road to popularity is still a long one for scientists.
语篇解读：本文是说明兼议论文。如今，有些明星科学家通过媒体向大众普及科学，这能让更多的人对科学产生兴趣甚至进入科学领域吗？本文对此展开了讨论。
5．How do “Pop Star Scientists” improve scientists' public image
A．They value correctness in science.
B．They work hard to become famous.
C．They make science easily understood.
D．They equip themselves with learning.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第一段“They are pioneers of a movement aiming to educate the general public about all matters relating to science ...”可知，这些明星科学家致力于向大众教授一切和科学有关的事物，即让科学变得通俗易懂，从而改变了科学家与世俗社会格格不入的传统形象。
6．What can be learned from Paragraph 2
A．Stargazing Live is a new science TV show.
B．Science broadcasters are usually leading scientists.
C．Young people hadn't shown interest in science before.
D．Science programs are becoming popular among the public.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第二段Stargazing Live超高的收视率和Planet Earth Ⅱ在青少年中的流行可知，科学类节目正广受欢迎。
7．What does the author probably think of Professor Cox's work
A．Rather simple. B．Quite helpful.
C．Completely wrong. D．Totally unnecessary.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由第三段“... but the media often act as the gateway to discovering science at a higher level”可知，尽管许多人认为科普会让高深的科学变得“弱智”，Cox教授也因为演讲中不精准的解说而被谴责，但是媒体只是通往更高水平的科学的入口。由此推知，作者认为Cox教授的工作是有其积极作用的。
8．What is the problem mentioned in the last paragraph
A．Not so many students learn science at a high level.
B．Science TV programs are not suitable for children.
C．Physics has become the least popular science subject.
D．Science can't be difficult and popular at the same time.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，深入学习科学的学生正在逐年减少，政府和科学家已经意识到这一问题，因而用科学节目吸引当代学生，让科学变得受欢迎对于科学家来说依然任重道远。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Just one cigarette a day is enough __1__ (raise) the risk of heart disease by around 50 per cent. The review of more than 140 scientific studies __2__ (lead) by Professor Allan Hacksaw from the UCL Cancer Institute at University College London states “No safe level of smoking __3__ (exist) for cardiovascular (心脏血管的) disease”．
As smoking has fallen out of fashion in Britain, a quarter of people report only __4__ (have) one to five cigarettes a day. Those who smoke just once every 24 __5__ (hour) may assume their risk of health problems is very small. That is __6__ (certain) the case for lung cancer, in __7__ one cigarette has approximately five per cent of the risk of smoking 20 of them.
But the review found cutting down significantly has little effect on the risk of heart disease. Among 100 people who smoke 20 cigarettes a day, approximately an extra seven people will suffer a heart attack because __8__ the habit. And for 100 who smoke one cigarette a day, an extra three will have a heart attack.
The researchers say __9__ (they) findings have important consequences for many smokers and health professionals who believe that smoking only a few cigarettes carries little __10__ no harm.
语篇解读：研究表明：即使每天只抽一支烟，也会对健康造成极大的危害。
1. to raise 考查不定式作宾语的用法。be enough to do sth.意为“足够做某事”。
2．led 考查过去分词作定语的用法。因lead与studies之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且lead所表示的动作已发生，故填led。
3．exists 考查时态和主谓一致。设空处所在句叙述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为“No safe level of smoking”，故填exists。
4．having 考查动词 ing形式作宾语的用法。report doing sth.意为“告知做某事”。
5．hours 考查名词复数。由“24”可知此处用名词复数，故填hours。
6．certainly 考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子，故用副词certainly(确定地)。
7．which 考查关系代词。“in＋设空处”引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明case，故填which。
8．of 考查介词。because of意为“因为”。
9．their 考查代词。设空处修饰名词 findings，故填their。
10．or 考查连词。little与no harm之间是选择关系，故此处应填or。PAGE
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Unit 3 课时跟踪检测（四） Project
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He came to China in order to learn Chinese agricultural (农业的) skills.
2．The captain sailed his ship through the narrow channel (航道)．
3．The suggestion to close the road has found favor (支持) with local people.
4．Besides, we are just students, and we have no incomes (收入) of our own.
5．She was frightened (使惊吓) by the anger in his eyes.
6．It isn't good to borrow your friends' books without permission (允许)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
rather than， in favour of， point of view， be good for， be blamed for， meet one's needs
1．Fruits and vegetables are_good_for people's health.
2．These shoes are comfortable rather_than pretty.
3．No one seemed to listen to my point_of_view. I felt embarrassed.
4．The fishermen said that their small catches were enough to meet_their_needs.
5．However, others are in_favour_of the conclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.
6．The chairman_was_blamed_for letting his secretary take on too much work last week.
Ⅲ.完形填空
When I was in middle school, a poisonous spider bit my right hand. I ran to my mom for__1__ but instead of taking me to a doctor, my mom set my hand__2__.
After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton, then soaking it in wine, she put a chopstick into my mouth, and lit the cotton. Heat quickly went through the cotton and began to roast my__3__. The sharp pain made me want to scream, but the chopstick__4__ it. All I could do was watch my hand burn — one minute, then two minutes — __5__ mom put out the fire.
At that time there was no doctor available my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.
For those who study biology, you may have grasped the science__6__ my mom's cure: heat deactivates (使不活跃) proteins, and a spider's venom (毒液) is __7__ a form of protein. It's __8__ how that folk remedy actually includes basic biochemistry, isn't it But I am a PhD student in biochemistry at Harvard. I now know that better, less__9__ and less risky treatments existed. So I can't help but ask myself why I didn't__10__ one at that time.
Now I am happy to report that my hand is fine. But this question remains, and I continue to be troubled by the unequal__11__of scientific knowledge throughout the world. Despite the knowledge we have accumulated, we haven't been so__12__ in deploying (配置) it to where it's needed most. We constantly see these problems of poverty, illness, and__13__of resources preventing the flow of scientific information. Lifesaving knowledge we take for granted in the modern world is often__14__ in underdeveloped regions.
While studying at Harvard, I saw__15__ scientific knowledge can help others in simple, yet profound ways. The bird flu in the 2000s looked to my village like a spell cast by devils. When I realized that simple hygiene (卫生) practices like__16__ different animal species could contain the spread of the disease, and that I could help make this knowledge available to my village, that was my first “Aha” moment as a budding scientist.
Harvard dares us to dream big, to aspire (立志) to change the world. Here on this Commencement Day, we are__17__ thinking of grand destinations and big adventures that await us. As for me, I am also thinking of the farmers in my village. My experience here__18__ me how important it's for researchers to communicate our knowledge to those__19__. Because by using the science we already have, we can probably bring my village and thousands like it into the world you and I take__20__ every day. And that's an impact every one of us can make!
语篇解读：在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上，来自中国湖南的生物系博士生何江作为毕业生代表发表了毕业典礼演讲。他从自己的亲身经历——被蜘蛛咬伤的往事讲起，说明知识传播、知识分布以及资源平衡的重要性。
1．A.medicine B．help
C．advice D．decision
解析：选B 句意：在我上中学的时候，一只毒蜘蛛咬伤了我的右手，我去找母亲寻求帮助。help意为“帮助”；medicine意为“药”；advice意为“建议”；decision意为“决定”。
2．A.in water B．on fire
C．in trouble D．on strike
解析：选B 根据后文可知，母亲采取的行动是把作者的手放在火上烧。on fire意为“着火”；in water意为“在水中”；in trouble意为“有麻烦”；on strike意为“罢工”。
3．A.leg B．chest
C．hand D．face
解析：选C 根据下文的“watch my hand burn”可知，棉纱上的温度很快上来了，作者的手也开始发烫。
4．A.preserved B．forbade
C．cancelled D．prevented
解析：选D 句意：这股灼痛让我想要大叫，不过我嘴里含着的筷子让我叫不出来。prevent意为“阻止”；preserve意为“保护”；forbid意为“禁止”；cancel意为“取消”。
5．A.before B．until
C．when D．while
解析：选B 句意：我唯一能做的就是看着我的手被火烧，一分钟过去了，两分钟过去了，直到母亲把火熄灭。until意为“直到……才”；before意为“在……之前”；when意为“当……时候”；while意为“当……时候；而；尽管，虽然”。
6．A.beside B．behind
C．after D．within
解析：选B 句意：对于学生物学的人来说，你也许能找到我母亲的治疗方法背后所包含的科学原理。behind意为“在……的后面；是……的原因”；beside意为“在……的旁边”；after意为“在……之后”；within意为“在……之内”。
7．A.accurately B．simply
C．constantly D．continuously
解析：选B 句意：热量能够让蛋白质失去活性，而蜘蛛的毒液只是一种蛋白质。simply意为“仅仅”；accurately意为“准确地”；constantly意为“经常地”；continuously意为“连续不断地”。
8．A.cool B．right
C．absurd D．puzzling
解析：选A 句意：这个土方子竟然也包含了基础的生物化学原理，这挺酷的，不是吗？cool意为“特别棒的”；right意为“正确的”；absurd意为“荒唐的”；puzzling意为“令人困惑的”。
9．A.powerful B．stressful
C．painful D．regretful
解析：选C 句意：不过我是哈佛大学生物化学的博士，我现在知道了更好的、痛苦更少、危险更小的治疗方法。painful意为“痛苦的”；powerful意为“强有力的”；stressful意为“紧张的”；regretful意为“后悔的”。
10．A.accept B．receive
C．adopt D．adapt
解析：选B 句意：所以我忍不住问我自己，为什么那个时候我得不到这种治疗。receive意为“得到”；accept意为“接受”；adopt意为“采取，采纳；收养”；adapt意为“适应；改编”。
11．A.distribution B．donation
C．allocation D．distraction
解析：选A 句意：不过这个问题一直在我心头萦绕，我也时常会被科学知识分布的不均衡问题所困扰。distribution意为“分配”；donation意为“捐赠”；allocation意为“配给”；distraction意为“分心”。
12．A.involved B．absorbed
C．successful D．careful
解析：选C 句意：尽管我们已经积累了大量的知识，但是我们还没有成功地将这些知识部署到最需要的地方。successful意为“成功的”；involved意为“有关的”；absorbed意为“全神贯注的”；careful意为“仔细的”。
13．A.separation B．plenty
C．absence D．lack
解析：选D 句意：我们经常看到这些因贫困、疾病以及资源匮乏导致的阻止科学信息流通的问题。lack意为“缺少”；separation意为“分离”；plenty意为“充裕”；absence意为“缺席”。
14．A.unavailable B．unwanted
C．unexpected D．unnecessary
解析：选A 句意：现代社会里我们习以为常的那些救生知识在不发达地区还未普及。unavailable意为“难以获得的”；unwanted意为“不需要的”；unexpected意为“意外的”；unnecessary意为“不必要的”。
15．A.when B．where
C．how D．why
解析：选C 句意：在哈佛学习期间，我知道了科学知识是如何用既简单又深刻的方式帮助其他人的。how意为“如何，怎么样”；when意为“当……时候”；where意为“在……地方”；why意为“为什么”。
16．A.dividing B．separating
C．splitting D．breaking
解析：选B 句意：当我意识到简单的卫生措施例如将不同的动物隔离起来可以遏制这种疾病的传播，我可以把这些知识传递到我的村庄时，我的内心第一次有了一种作为未来科学家的使命感。separate意为“隔离”；divide意为“分割”；split意为“裂开”；break意为“打破”。
17．A.skilfully B．probably
C．preferably D．relatively
解析：选B 句意：在这个毕业日，我们或许都会畅想等待着我们的伟大宏图和冒险之旅。probably意为“可能”；skilfully意为“熟练地”； preferably意为“更好地”；relatively意为“相对地”。
18．A.informs B．recalls
C．reminds D．refers
解析：选C 句意：我在这里的经历提醒了我，对于研究人员来说，将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需的人是多么地重要。remind意为“提醒”；inform意为“通知”；recall意为“回想”；refer意为“提到”。
19．A.in danger B．in need
C．in order D．in shape
解析：选B 句意：将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需的人是多么地重要。in need意为“有需要的”；in danger意为“危险的”；in order意为“井然有序”；in shape意为“状态良好”。
20．A.for granted B．for example
C．into consideration D．into practice
解析：选A 句意：因为利用我们已经掌握的科技知识，我们可能把我的家乡，还有千千万万类似的村庄变成一个我们每天习以为常的世界。take sth. for granted意为“认为……是理所当然的”；take sth. for example意为“拿……举例”；take sth. into consideration意为“考虑到，把……考虑在内”；put sth. into practice意为“把……付诸实施”。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Stephen Hawking said, “Scientists have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our search for knowledge.” Given below are some of them：
Headlie Taylor (July 7, 1883－March 22, 1957)
Headlie Taylor was hardly educated but had a good mind. With hard work and creativity, he taught himself engineering. He built a machine that could not only collect grains from standing crops, but also from damaged or fallen ones, thus saving grains that would otherwise be lost. This machine, the Header Harvester, also cut the crop heads instead of pulling them out.
John Cornforth (September 7, 1917－December 8, 2013)
John Cornforth completely lost his hearing in his teens. However, his determination led him to become one of the greatest scientists of his day. Dr. Cornforth studied the enzymes (酶) that caused changes in organic compounds (有机物) and went on to reduce the amount of cholesterol (胆固醇). He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975.
David Warren (March 20, 1925－July 19, 2010)
The Black Box is an electronic instrument that records every voice in the cabin. In case of an accident, the readings from it can be used to determine the series of events that led to the air crash. Dr. Warren came up with this idea of recording flight data following a strange airplane accident in Australia. Though in the beginning his ideas weren't paid attention to, they soon took the world by storm.
Graeme Clark (August 16, 1935－)
Growing up, Graeme Clark watched his deaf father struggle with communication. This inspired him to create a device that could be put into a person's inner ear, which would record sound. Years of careful research finally resulted in the Bionic Ear, which provides deaf persons with the sense of hearing.
语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四名科学家及他们做出的贡献。
1．What do we know about John Cornforth
A．He was born disabled.
B．His work earned him a Nobel Prize.
C．He was the greatest scientist of his day.
D．His research wasn't well accepted at first.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第三段“He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975”可知，John Cornforth获得了诺贝尔化学奖。
2．What led Graeme Clark to work on the Bionic Ear
A．His experience of losing his hearing.
B．His interest in doing research.
C．His father's encouragement.
D．His father's suffering.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由最后一段“Growing up, Graeme Clark watched his deaf father struggle with communication. This inspired him to ...”可知，是父亲的遭遇促使他去从事这方面的工作。
3．Whose achievement directly benefits farmers
A．Headlie Taylor's. B．John Cornforth's.
C．David Warren's. D．Graeme Clark's
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第二段“... a machine that could not only collect grains from standing crops, but also from damaged or fallen ones, thus saving grains that would otherwise be lost”可知，Headlie Taylor所发明的收割机使农民直接受益。
4．What can we infer about the men mentioned in the text
A．They are no longer alive.
B．They received a good education.
C．They made contributions to science.
D．They are broken in body but firm in spirit.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第一段及下文对各个人物的介绍可知，他们都在科学方面有巨大贡献。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
Livestock (牲畜) cloning is the practice of cloning sheep, cattle and other livestock species as a way to improve efficiency.The basic idea behind livestock cloning is to clone animals that have certain qualities, such as cows that produce more milk or meat.__1__ However, this practice is very controversial, and livestock farmers have been hesitant to adopt it fully because of public opposition and certain inefficiencies.
In technical terms, livestock are cloned by taking cells from one animal and using them to fertilize eggs (使卵子受精). Scientists take the fertilized eggs and put them in female animals.__2__ Many animals are born with abnormal shapes.Scientists are looking for ways to improve the process and make it less expensive to adopt on a wider scale.
__3__ For example, if farmers were able to take only their very best animals and recreate them many times, they could potentially be more productive.
There are also some potential problems with cloned livestock.__4__ For example, when a disease hits, there are usually individuals who cannot be harmed by the disease or are more resistant, and they will generally survive. If all the animals were genetically (在基因方面) identical or similar, this sort of disease could totally destroy an entire generation of livestock, leaving the world with a massive food shortage.
In addition to concerns about genetic diversity, there are other concerns about cloning.__5__There are also some people who worry that livestock cloning research may be a gateway to introducing human cloning, which is widely disapproved of.
A．Are the surviving clones really clones
B．Therefore, the new species is expected to be better.
C．The biggest one arises from a reduction in genetic diversity.
D．Cloned livestock have the potential to provide some major benefits.
E．Cloning animals shows us what might happen if we try to clone humans.
F．These concerns sometimes come from worries over unforeseen consequences.
G．This process doesn't always work perfectly, and it can be relatively expensive.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了动物克隆技术。
1．解析：选B 根据上一句内容可知，如果能克隆出生产更多奶和肉的牛，那么“这个新品种应该是更好”。
2．解析：选G 根据本空后的“Many animals are born with abnormal shapes ...make it less expensive”可知，目前克隆的“过程不总是完美，而且价格相对比较昂贵”。
3．解析：选D 根据本空后的内容不难看出，这里是介绍克隆牲畜的“好处”。
4．解析：选C 根据本空后内容可知，克隆技术会减少“基因多样性”，所以当拥有同样基因的动物遭受某种致命疾病时，所有的这些动物都会死亡。下段首句中的“genetic diversity”也提示了本题答案。
5．解析：选F 本空前的concerns提示了本题答案。PAGE
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Unit 3 课时跟踪检测（一） Welcome to the unit & Reading —
Language points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She had intention (意图) of visiting her native land.
2．As a consequence (结果) of being in hospital, Mary decided that she wanted to be a nurse.
3．The concepts (概念) of low carbon are low energy and no waste.
4．Having been married for years without a child, my uncle and aunt are considering adopting (收养) an orphan.
5．He has consulted the physician (内科医生) about his health.
6．The moment we reached the farm, we got down to harvesting (收割) the wheat.
7．If we go against nature, we will have to deal with the consequences (后果)．
8．Some students are easy to lose their temper because of anxiety (焦虑) and study burden.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他指出这条路冬天不安全。
He pointed_out that the road was not safe in winter.
2．居里夫人是世界上第一个两次获得诺贝尔奖的人。
Marie Curie is the first person in the world to_receive_two_Nobel_Prizes.
3．我去纽约为的是看望我兄弟。
I went to New York with_the_intention_of_seeing my brother.
4．虽然我不怎么喜欢艺术，但我发现他的作品令人赞叹。
While_I_really_don't_like_art,_I find his work impressive.
5．如果他早点告诉我的话，我就不会那样做了。
If_he_had_told_me_earlier,_I would not have done like that.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Everyone, including me, thought I had won the race. As I crossed the line, the crowd __1__ and began to pour into the track. However, I began to __2__ my feelings of victory as I watched the girl from Medfield keep running. Then I saw my coach and teammates __3__ me and making “around the track” __4__ with their arms. I had lost count and there was __5__ one more lap (圈) to go. I jumped back onto the track, determined to earn my __6__. I felt very tired, but I was determined and picked up my __7__.
My track team does not get the __8__ of other sports. Some people once told me that track was not even a sport and that running around in a circle __9__ no talent. Each day after school my teammates and I put on our running shoes and __10__. We stay together, using each other as support to __11__ the tiredness and muscle aches __12__ we know that in just a few moments we will be pushing our __13__ to the limit.
Try as I might to catch up, too much __14__ had been wasted and the meet went to Medfield. As I crossed the __15__ finishing line, my heart sank. The next few days were really __16__ for me, but with the support of my family, friends, and teammates, I __17__ from my mistake. After that track meet, our team's bond got __18__， and we all became more supportive to each other.
Every runner may have come together for different reasons, but we have the __19__ goal: to achieve top performance and experience personal growth. For me, through running I've been able to __20__ the challenges presented to me.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。在接力训练和比赛中，我们全体队员互相支持，通力合作，以取得最好的成绩。
1．A.cheered B．agreed
C．quarreled D．gathered
解析： 选A 由文章首句可知，每个人都以为作者获胜了，所以人群一片欢呼，冲上了跑道。
2．A.hide B．control
C．experience D．question
解析：选 D 由本空后“the girl from Medfield keep running”可知，看到对手没有停下，作者开始怀疑自己是否真的获胜了。
3．A.smiling at B．taking the place of
C．shouting at D．breaking away from
解析：选 C 由上文的“crossed the line”可知，作者还在赛道上，所以教练和队友冲她大声喊叫。
4．A.gestures B．sounds
C．suggestions D．orders
解析：选A 由本空前后的“around the track”和“with their arms”可知，他们挥舞着手臂冲作者做“绕场跑”的手势。
5．A.yet B．still
C．hardly D．always
解析：选B 由本空前“I had lost count”可知，作者在飞跑时忘了计算圈数，事实上还有一圈要跑。
6．A.prize B．living
C．trust D．fame
解析：选A 由本空前“I jumped back onto the track”可知，作者又冲回跑道，决心要把奖项拿回来。
7．A.way B．speed
C．shoes D．flags
解析：选B 尽管作者筋疲力尽，但是她下定了决心，开足马力，加速奔跑。
8．A.chance B．skills
C．rules D．respect
解析：选D 由下句“Some people once told me that track was not even a sport”可知，作者她们的田径队得不到像其他运动那样的尊重，有人曾经对作者说田径算不上是运动，绕圈跑都不需要什么能力。
9．A.offered B．received
C．required D．meant
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
10．A.exercise B．rest
C．unite D．move
解析：选A 由“put on our running shoes”可知，作者她们队每天进行训练。
11．A.feel B．foresee
C．ease D．overcome
解析：选D 由“using each other as support”可知，她们互相支持，克服疲劳和肌肉酸痛。
12．A.but B．because
C．though D．while
解析：选B 本空后是她们聚在一起互相支持的原因。
13．A.bodies B．teammates
C．audience D．track
解析：选A 比赛是非常耗费运动员体力的。
14．A.money B．energy
C．time D．breath
解析：选C 由上文可知，作者误以为自己获胜就停了下来。所以尽管奋力追赶，因为时间浪费过多，还是输了。
15．A.new B．original
C．last D．actual
解析：选D 由前文可知，这里指的是真正的终点线。
16．A.cold B．difficult
C．fresh D．enjoyable
解析：选B 由“the meet went to Medfield”以及“my heart sank”可知，接下来的几天对作者来说很难熬。
17．A.suffered B．learned
C．recovered D．heard
解析：选C 由前文作者的状态以及“with the support of my family, friends, and teammates”可知，作者从自己的失误中恢复了过来。
18．A.more important B．healthier
C．more natural D．deeper
解析：选D 由“we all became more supportive to each other”可知，她们队员之间的关系更深了。
19．A.familiar B．true
C．same D．distant
解析：选C 由“to achieve top performance and experience personal growth”及本空前的“different reasons”可知，全体队员聚到一起的原因可能各不相同，但大家有一个共同的目标。
20．A.face B．defeat
C．accept D．avoid
解析：选B 通过跑步，作者能够战胜挑战。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
You stay up late, and never seem to be organized. While these might not seem like the most positive characteristics, research has shown each of them is linked to a higher intelligence.
You are messy.
Managers and office workers might be interested in a clean desk, but it seems in terms of efficiency (效率), they could have it all wrong.
The researchers found people actually thought more clearly when the desk was in a mess, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand. Untidiness forces human beings to focus and think more clearly.
Famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl were known for their untidy desks. “Messy desks may not be as harmful as they appear to be, as the problem solving approaches they seem to cause can improve work efficiency or increase employees' creativity in problem solving，” the researchers said.
You stay up late.
Night owls are more intelligent than people who get an early night. It found that late risers tire less quickly than those who get up at dawn. The study is likely to be accepted willingly by anyone tired of being branded lazy for their love of a lie in. And it added to growing evidence that it is night owls that make all the decisions in a group and that tend to be both cleverer and richer than early birds.
You tend to be modest.
This is called the Dunning Kruger effect. It describes how less competent (有能力的) people often think their intelligence higher than it actually is, while more competent people think theirs lower.
You are a cat person.
A study said that cat owners are smarter than dog owners, regardless of their pet's intelligence. The research showed that the owners of the two animals tend to have different personalities — with cat lovers being more sensitive and open minded than dog lovers who are largely energetic. The study found that cat owners scored more highly on an intelligence test than dog owners.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。研究指出一些特殊的性格特征和行为习惯也是聪明人的象征。
1．What do the examples of Einstein and Dahl prove
A．Messy desks can lead people to clearer thinking.
B．People with messy desks have lower efficiency.
C．Creativity usually comes from a messy desk.
D．Famous people tend to have untidy desks.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由第三段“Untidiness forces human beings to focus and think more clearly”及第四段“Famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl were known for their untidy desks”可知，这种杂乱的书桌会促使人们思维更加清晰。
2．Which of the following can best describe night owls
A．Lazy. B．Energetic.
C．Determined. D．Sensitive.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第五段“It found that late risers tire less quickly than those who get up at dawn”可知，那些夜猫子通常比早起的人精力充沛。
3．What is the Dunning Kruger effect
A．Modesty helps one to make progress.
B．Competent people are often confident.
C．People don't know their abilities well.
D．The modest are actually less competent.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第六段可知，认知偏差现象指的是人们对自己的能力高估或低估。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Effects of positive characteristics.
B．Ways to have a higher intelligence.
C．Normal behavior of intelligent people.
D．Surprising characteristics of clever people.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了几种看起来不是那么积极的性格特征和行为习惯，指出它们也是高智商的表现。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly __1__ Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.
Clean the toilet with Coke. It's amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. __2__ You'll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water wash the toilet!
Remove water stains with orange peels. You've just eaten an orange. __3__ Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub (擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.
Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. __4__ Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap. Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again.
__5__ Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and non toxic (无毒的) Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.
A．Wait a minute!
B．Make your own glass cleaner.
C．Follow the steps given below.
D．Of course your answer is “yes”．
E．They leave no marks or scratches.
F．Instead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.
G．They are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中，让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无须购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。
1．解析：选C 根据空格前后的内容以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。
2．解析：选F 本段讲的是用可乐清洁厕所，故F项“不是喝掉可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。
3．解析：选A 根据下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。
4．解析：选E 根据上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，不会留下污痕或划痕。所以选E。
5．解析：选B 根据下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and non toxic (无毒的) ...”“Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。
