单元质量检测（二）
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
People living with heart disease, high blood pressure or stroke may benefit from practicing traditional Chinese exercises such as Tai Chi, showed a study published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
“But the physical and psychological benefits to these patients of this increasingly popular form of exercise must be determined based on scientific evidence.”
In the new study, the researchers reviewed 35 research articles, which included 2,249 cardiovascular (心血管的) disease patients from 10 countries.
They found Chinese exercises helped reduce the participants' systolic blood pressure, the top number, by more than 9.12 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, the bottom number, by more than 5 mmHg on average.
The study also revealed small, but statistically significant drops in the levels of bad cholesterol, or low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides.
Chinese exercises also seemed to improve quality of life and reduce depression in patients with cardiovascular disease, they said.
“Our systematic review results showed that TCE (traditional Chinese exercises) should be useful for patients with CVD (cardiovascular disease), ”the researchers wrote in their paper.
However, traditional Chinese exercises did not significantly improve participants' heart rate, aerobic fitness level or scores on a general health questionnaire.
The review only analyzed studies which randomly assigned participants to groups performing traditional Chinese exercises, most commonly Tai Chi, Qigong and Baduanjin, engaging in another form of exercise or making no change in activity level.
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．There exist 35 research articles published in the new study.
B．The new study included 2, 249 patients who suffered from severe diseases.
C．The new study found Chinese exercises helped increase the participants' systolic blood pressure.
D．The new study found Chinese exercises can improve both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
2．Chinese exercises can do the following except _________________________.
A．Chinese exercises can reduce the feeling of depression of some patients'
B．Chinese exercises are good for certain patients
C．Chinese exercises can improve significantly participants' heart rate
D．Chinese exercises can help some patients live a better life
3．From Paragraph 2, we know that ________.
A．the exercises can benefit some patients both physically and psychologically
B．Chinese exercises have been the most popular form of exercises
C．Chinese exercises can only benefit some patients physically
D．whether the exercises can benefit some patients both physically and psychologically has not been proved
4．The study team will probably study ________ in the future.
A．the effect of different types of traditional Chinese exercises on chronic diseases
B．the effect of Tai Chi
C．participants with the same disease
D．people living with heart disease, high blood pressure or stroke
B
Bacterial defenses of fungus farming (培植真菌的) ants could help in medical battle against superbugs. Scientists have accurately pointed out a promising new source of antibiotics (抗生素): ants. They have found that some species — including leafcutter ants from the Amazon — use bacteria to defend their nests against invading (入侵的) fungi and microbes.
Chemicals discharged by the bacteria in this fight have been shown to have particularly powerful antibiotic effects and researchers are now preparing to test them on animals to determine their potential as medicines for humans.
Doctors say new antibiotics are urgently needed as superbugs' resistance to standard antimicrobial agents (抗菌剂) spreads. More than 700,000 people globally now die of drug resistant infections each year, which is estimated, and some health officials say this figure could be even higher. The former UN Secretary General Ban Ki moon said antimicrobial resistance was now a fundamental danger to global health.
This was repeated by Professor Cameron Currier, one of the scientists involved in the ant research.“Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem，” he said. “However, discovering new antibiotics by using the standard technique of sampling soil for bacteria is intractable. On average, only one in a million bacteria proves promising. By contrast, we have uncovered a promising type of bacteria for every 15 bacteria we have sampled from an ant's nest.”
Only a very specific group of ants are proving useful in this work, however. These are species that farm fungi in tropical regions in North and South America. “These ants search for plant material, which they bring back to their nests and feed to a fungus，” said Professor Jon Clardy. “The fungus breaks down the plant material and the ants feed on the fungus. ”
The strategy (策略) evolved around 15 million years ago, and has proved highly successful. There are now more than 200 ant species that farm fungi. Most fungus farming ants simply search for bits of old leaves or grass on the ground, however. A few, like leafcutter ants, cut leaves from trees and bring them back in pieces to their nest. “Plants are hard to digest, but fungi are good decomposers and break down plant material so ants can feed easily，” said Ethan Van Arnam.
However, scientists have recently discovered that these nests are sometimes attacked by opposing fungi. “They kill off both the nest and its farmed fungus，” said Clardy. “In turn, ants have developed defenses revealed as white patches on their bodies. They look as if they were dipped in powdered sugar. These patches are made of bacteria which the ant stores in its body. Crucially, these bacteria produce powerful antibiotics and antifungal agents.”
5．Which statement may Professor Cameron Currier agree with
A．None of the sampled bacteria proves available.
B．Antimicrobial resistance is a serious health threat.
C．Tropical ants tend to use bacteria as a nest defense.
D．The traditional way of making antibiotics is out of date.
6．What does the underlined word “intractable” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A．Difficult. B．Efficient.
C．Necessary. D．Conservative.
7．What's the main idea of the passage
A．How do ants farm fungi
B．Why are ants' bacterial defenses effective
C．What leads to the antibiotic crisis in medicine
D．Could ants be a solution to the antibiotic crisis
C
People from all over the world visit Disneyland to have fun, not to get sick. But last week, an outbreak of measles (麻疹) spread from the Southern California theme park. As of Monday, January 19, at least 52 people have got the easily spread illness.
The majority of the reported cases of measles are from people who visited the park before. According to the California Department of Public Health, these people were exposed to the illness at Disneyland from December 17—20.
Officials believe the cause is likely someone who caught measles abroad and visited Disneyland, but this has yet to be proved. However, in 2014, California had its highest measles infection rate in nearly twenty years. There were 66 cases of measles reported in the state — 23 of them in Orange County, where Disneyland is located.
Measles spreads very easily. It can be caught from coughing and sneezing. Crowded areas like theme parks are especially suitable for its spread.
The illness starts with a fever and develops into symptoms including a cough, runny nose, red eyes and so on. About three out of ten people infected with measles will develop another health problem, including an ear infection or pneumonia (肺炎)．
The best way to guard against measles is to get vaccinated (打疫苗). An unvaccinated person is 35 times more likely to catch measles than someone who received a vaccination.
8．What's the possible reason of this illness occurring in California
A．There were too many people visiting Disneyland.
B．Somebody with measles visited Disneyland.
C．California is a place fit for this illness spread.
D．Some people ate something that had gone bad.
9．What do we know about measles from the text
A．Half of people infected with it will die soon.
B．It usually begins with a cough and red eyes.
C．It spreads easily in a place with many people.
D．It's impossible to stop it from spreading.
10．To prevent measles, the best thing we can do is ________.
A．never visit Disneyland
B．have a regular physical examination
C．consult a doctor
D．get vaccinated
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Our bodies respond best when we do a variety of movements — walking, standing and bending. Here are a few creative ways to cut back on your sitting time that you can try right away.
Choose a task that will get you standing. Maybe it's talking on the phone, reviewing plans or checking Facebook. __11__ Standing for this task can help to break up long hours of sitting during the day.
Eat one meal a day while standing. __12__ Try eating breakfast at the kitchen counter (柜台), or look for a lunch spot with tall tables. Standing while you are eating does not mean that you have to eat quickly or make poor food choices. __13__
Spend 15 minutes sitting on the floor. In our chair culture, adults do not spend much time sitting on the floor. __14__ Start working to gain that mobility back by spending 15 minutes a day sitting on the floor. You can watch the first half of your favorite TV show or catch up on a book.
Push your chair to the side of your desk each night. The next morning, your chair's unusual position can act as a reminder of staying on your feet for a bit longer. __15__ By starting the day off on your feet, you can help to wake up your body and keep active all day.
A．As a result, we can lose some mobility.
B．Standing is really an interesting activity.
C．Whatever the task, pick it and stick to it.
D．Plan a task for the morning to be done while standing.
E．Walking is exactly as important as standing in a certain way.
F．Sitting during meals can add hours to your overall sitting time.
G．You can enjoy a meal while on your feet just as well as in a chair.
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In the future, nanobots (微型机器人) will be built to travel through your blood stream to anywhere in your body to repair damage. Larger nanobots will be used __16__ you are sick. When you have an upset stomach, you will __17__ a very small cherry tasting robot which will travel through your __18__ taking a video of the mess.
It will be set up like a video game, so you can __19__ the exploring and the selection of images. __20__ you can replay the video to help a(n) __21__ diagnose your problem, or to __22__ to your employer that you are really sick.
And nanobots will __23__ be used in the material of a party dress. The nature of the material will change in response to the __24__ of the woman wearing the dress. Also, different parts of the dress will be made to __25__ differently. As she becomes __26__ by the guy she is talking to, the dress will become more revealing: smaller and easier to __27__ through. It will begin to quietly play __28__ music. However, as she loses __29__， her dress will become more opaque (不透明的) and __30__.
In addition, the dress will be designed to offer __31__. When the wearer responds in __32__， the material of the dress will become __33__ and it will act like a bulletproof vest as it gives off a loud alarm and a bad smell. In this way, the dress will __34__ a woman from the beginning till the end of the party, so she will automatically respond __35__ to something unexpected. Unfortunately, it probably won't be until about 2030 when the new and improved “nano dress” will include a BS detector.
16．A.before B．when
C．though D．unless
17．A.find B．design
C．change D．swallow
18．A.head B．stomach
C．chest D．lung
19．A.continue B．enjoy
C．control D．imagine
20．A.Then B．But
C．Still D．Or
21．A.teacher B．worker
C．doctor D．employer
22．A.suggest B．prove
C．provide D．promise
23．A.again B．never
C．also D．seldom
24．A.feelings B．looks
C．purposes D．favorites
25．A.reflect B．appear
C．speak D．respond
26．A.surprised B．bored
C．excited D．frightened
27．A.see B．break
C．get D．put
28．A.folk B．church
C．romantic D．moody
29．A.money B．interest
C．contact D．face
30．A.prettier B．shining
C．invisible D．uglier
31．A.challenge B．warmth
C．advice D．protection
32．A.joy B．shame
C．pity D．fear
33．A.soft B．strong
C．colorful D．dark
34．A.look after B．stand for
C．rely on D．cover up
35．A.occasionally B．hopefully
C．properly D．fortunately
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
According __36__ the World Health Organization (WHO), nine out of ten people globally are breathing poor quality air. And every year, over six million people worldwide __37__ (kill) because of air pollution.
The problem is __38__ (particular) serious in cities, according to the report, but air quality in the countryside is worse than many think. Pollution affects all parts of society, though poorer countries have much __39__ (dirty) air than the developed countries.
“It is a public health emergency. Fast action can't come soon enough __40__ (fight) against air pollution，” said Maria Neira, trying to persuade governments to cut __41__ number of vehicles on the road, improve waste __42__ (manage) and promote clean cooking fuel.
The report was based on data (数据) __43__ (collect) from over 3,000 places, across the globe. It found that 92% of the world's population lives in places __44__ air quality levels go beyond WHO limits.
Nearly 90% of air pollution related deaths occur in low and middle income __45__ (country), the WHO said. Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region, including China, Malaysia and Vietnam, are the hardest hit, the data showed.
Ⅴ.写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
假如你是李华，你班级拟开一个以“我未来的生活”为主题的班会。请你用英语演讲，内容包括：
1．你对自己未来生活有什么样的畅想；
2．你对自己的未来有什么期许。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．标题已给出。
My future life
第二节：概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity (繁荣). Others say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life and death affairs. In their single minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse, “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't want to try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot.
Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
单元质量检测（二）
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
People living with heart disease, high blood pressure or stroke may benefit from practicing traditional Chinese exercises such as Tai Chi, showed a study published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
“But the physical and psychological benefits to these patients of this increasingly popular form of exercise must be determined based on scientific evidence.”
In the new study, the researchers reviewed 35 research articles, which included 2,249 cardiovascular (心血管的) disease patients from 10 countries.
They found Chinese exercises helped reduce the participants' systolic blood pressure, the top number, by more than 9.12 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, the bottom number, by more than 5 mmHg on average.
The study also revealed small, but statistically significant drops in the levels of bad cholesterol, or low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides.
Chinese exercises also seemed to improve quality of life and reduce depression in patients with cardiovascular disease, they said.
“Our systematic review results showed that TCE (traditional Chinese exercises) should be useful for patients with CVD (cardiovascular disease), ”the researchers wrote in their paper.
However, traditional Chinese exercises did not significantly improve participants' heart rate, aerobic fitness level or scores on a general health questionnaire.
The review only analyzed studies which randomly assigned participants to groups performing traditional Chinese exercises, most commonly Tai Chi, Qigong and Baduanjin, engaging in another form of exercise or making no change in activity level.
语篇解读：在美国心脏学会上刊登的一份研究指出， 经常练习中国传统运动比如太极， 对心脏病、高血压及中风患者有益。
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．There exist 35 research articles published in the new study.
B．The new study included 2, 249 patients who suffered from severe diseases.
C．The new study found Chinese exercises helped increase the participants' systolic blood pressure.
D．The new study found Chinese exercises can improve both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段研究者发现中国的传统运动可以使患者收缩压即高压平均降低至少9.12毫米汞柱， 使患者舒张压即低压平均降低至少5毫米汞柱。可知D选项说中国的传统运动可以改善收缩压和舒张压是正确的。
2．Chinese exercises can do the following except _________________________.
A．Chinese exercises can reduce the feeling of depression of some patients'
B．Chinese exercises are good for certain patients
C．Chinese exercises can improve significantly participants' heart rate
D．Chinese exercises can help some patients live a better life
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知中国的这些传统运动并不能显著地提高患者心率及心脏有氧机能； 可知这些传统运动不能显著得提高患者心率。
3．From Paragraph 2, we know that ________.
A．the exercises can benefit some patients both physically and psychologically
B．Chinese exercises have been the most popular form of exercises
C．Chinese exercises can only benefit some patients physically
D．whether the exercises can benefit some patients both physically and psychologically has not been proved
解析：选D 推理判断题。由文章第二段可知中国的传统运动作为一种较受欢迎的运动形式是否对这些患者有身体和心理上的好处必须基于科学的确定。由此可知选择D项。
4．The study team will probably study ________ in the future.
A．the effect of different types of traditional Chinese exercises on chronic diseases
B．the effect of Tai Chi
C．participants with the same disease
D．people living with heart disease, high blood pressure or stroke
解析：选A 推理判断题。由文章最后一段说该研究只是对比分析了将不同参与者随机分配后， 进行各种传统运动方式， 如太极、轻功和八段锦， 以及相同剧烈程度的其他运动方式后的结果； 由此可推知接下来研究组将会研究不同的中国传统运动形式对慢性病的具体功效。
B
Bacterial defenses of fungus farming (培植真菌的) ants could help in medical battle against superbugs. Scientists have accurately pointed out a promising new source of antibiotics (抗生素): ants. They have found that some species — including leafcutter ants from the Amazon — use bacteria to defend their nests against invading (入侵的) fungi and microbes.
Chemicals discharged by the bacteria in this fight have been shown to have particularly powerful antibiotic effects and researchers are now preparing to test them on animals to determine their potential as medicines for humans.
Doctors say new antibiotics are urgently needed as superbugs' resistance to standard antimicrobial agents (抗菌剂) spreads. More than 700,000 people globally now die of drug resistant infections each year, which is estimated, and some health officials say this figure could be even higher. The former UN Secretary General Ban Ki moon said antimicrobial resistance was now a fundamental danger to global health.
This was repeated by Professor Cameron Currier, one of the scientists involved in the ant research.“Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem，” he said. “However, discovering new antibiotics by using the standard technique of sampling soil for bacteria is intractable. On average, only one in a million bacteria proves promising. By contrast, we have uncovered a promising type of bacteria for every 15 bacteria we have sampled from an ant's nest.”
Only a very specific group of ants are proving useful in this work, however. These are species that farm fungi in tropical regions in North and South America. “These ants search for plant material, which they bring back to their nests and feed to a fungus，” said Professor Jon Clardy. “The fungus breaks down the plant material and the ants feed on the fungus. ”
The strategy (策略) evolved around 15 million years ago, and has proved highly successful. There are now more than 200 ant species that farm fungi. Most fungus farming ants simply search for bits of old leaves or grass on the ground, however. A few, like leafcutter ants, cut leaves from trees and bring them back in pieces to their nest. “Plants are hard to digest, but fungi are good decomposers and break down plant material so ants can feed easily，” said Ethan Van Arnam.
However, scientists have recently discovered that these nests are sometimes attacked by opposing fungi. “They kill off both the nest and its farmed fungus，” said Clardy. “In turn, ants have developed defenses revealed as white patches on their bodies. They look as if they were dipped in powdered sugar. These patches are made of bacteria which the ant stores in its body. Crucially, these bacteria produce powerful antibiotics and antifungal agents.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。科学研究发现，一些蚂蚁可能会帮助人们解决对抗超级病菌的抗生素的短缺问题。
5．Which statement may Professor Cameron Currier agree with
A．None of the sampled bacteria proves available.
B．Antimicrobial resistance is a serious health threat.
C．Tropical ants tend to use bacteria as a nest defense.
D．The traditional way of making antibiotics is out of date.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段可知，抗菌素耐药性是人类健康的一大威胁，故选B项。
6．What does the underlined word “intractable” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A．Difficult. B．Efficient.
C．Necessary. D．Conservative.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，用在土壤中取样的普通技术来寻找细菌以发现新的抗生素是很困难的，故画线词意为“棘手的，很难处理的”，同A项含义相近。
7．What's the main idea of the passage
A．How do ants farm fungi
B．Why are ants' bacterial defenses effective
C．What leads to the antibiotic crisis in medicine
D．Could ants be a solution to the antibiotic crisis
解析：选D 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是蚂蚁可能会帮助人们解决对抗超级病菌的抗生素的短缺问题，故D项最能概括文章主旨。
C
People from all over the world visit Disneyland to have fun, not to get sick. But last week, an outbreak of measles (麻疹) spread from the Southern California theme park. As of Monday, January 19, at least 52 people have got the easily spread illness.
The majority of the reported cases of measles are from people who visited the park before. According to the California Department of Public Health, these people were exposed to the illness at Disneyland from December 17—20.
Officials believe the cause is likely someone who caught measles abroad and visited Disneyland, but this has yet to be proved. However, in 2014, California had its highest measles infection rate in nearly twenty years. There were 66 cases of measles reported in the state — 23 of them in Orange County, where Disneyland is located.
Measles spreads very easily. It can be caught from coughing and sneezing. Crowded areas like theme parks are especially suitable for its spread.
The illness starts with a fever and develops into symptoms including a cough, runny nose, red eyes and so on. About three out of ten people infected with measles will develop another health problem, including an ear infection or pneumonia (肺炎)．
The best way to guard against measles is to get vaccinated (打疫苗). An unvaccinated person is 35 times more likely to catch measles than someone who received a vaccination.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了许多游客在加利福尼亚南部的迪士尼乐园里感染了麻疹的事情，并介绍了麻疹的传染方式、症状和预防方法等。
8．What's the possible reason of this illness occurring in California
A．There were too many people visiting Disneyland.
B．Somebody with measles visited Disneyland.
C．California is a place fit for this illness spread.
D．Some people ate something that had gone bad.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，麻疹病在加利福尼亚发生的原因可能是有感染了麻疹的人参观了迪士尼乐园。故选B项。
9．What do we know about measles from the text
A．Half of people infected with it will die soon.
B．It usually begins with a cough and red eyes.
C．It spreads easily in a place with many people.
D．It's impossible to stop it from spreading.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，在人多的地方麻疹很容易传播。故选C项。
10．To prevent measles, the best thing we can do is ________.
A．never visit Disneyland
B．have a regular physical examination
C．consult a doctor
D．get vaccinated
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，预防麻疹的最好的方法是打疫苗。故选D项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Our bodies respond best when we do a variety of movements — walking, standing and bending. Here are a few creative ways to cut back on your sitting time that you can try right away.
Choose a task that will get you standing. Maybe it's talking on the phone, reviewing plans or checking Facebook. __11__ Standing for this task can help to break up long hours of sitting during the day.
Eat one meal a day while standing. __12__ Try eating breakfast at the kitchen counter (柜台), or look for a lunch spot with tall tables. Standing while you are eating does not mean that you have to eat quickly or make poor food choices. __13__
Spend 15 minutes sitting on the floor. In our chair culture, adults do not spend much time sitting on the floor. __14__ Start working to gain that mobility back by spending 15 minutes a day sitting on the floor. You can watch the first half of your favorite TV show or catch up on a book.
Push your chair to the side of your desk each night. The next morning, your chair's unusual position can act as a reminder of staying on your feet for a bit longer. __15__ By starting the day off on your feet, you can help to wake up your body and keep active all day.
A．As a result, we can lose some mobility.
B．Standing is really an interesting activity.
C．Whatever the task, pick it and stick to it.
D．Plan a task for the morning to be done while standing.
E．Walking is exactly as important as standing in a certain way.
F．Sitting during meals can add hours to your overall sitting time.
G．You can enjoy a meal while on your feet just as well as in a chair.
语篇解读：我们的身体需要各种运动，包括行走、站立、弯曲等。本文介绍了若干帮助我们随时活动身体的方法。
11．解析：选C “Choose a task that will get you standing”是本段的主题句，据此可知，不管做什么都要坚持。
12．解析：选F 本段强调站着吃饭，而坐着吃饭明显不利于活动，增加了坐立的时间，通过比较突出站着吃饭的好处。
13．解析：选G 作者建议站着吃饭，同时认为，站着吃饭和坐在椅子上吃饭都一样能够享受美味。
14．解析：选A 上一句提到成年人很少花时间坐在地板上，此处指出他们这样做的后果。空后一句的“gain that mobility”呼应A项的“some mobility”。
15．解析：选D 作者建议每天晚上把椅子推到办公桌的一侧，这样做就是为了早上先站着做些事情。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In the future, nanobots (微型机器人) will be built to travel through your blood stream to anywhere in your body to repair damage. Larger nanobots will be used __16__ you are sick. When you have an upset stomach, you will __17__ a very small cherry tasting robot which will travel through your __18__ taking a video of the mess.
It will be set up like a video game, so you can __19__ the exploring and the selection of images. __20__ you can replay the video to help a(n) __21__ diagnose your problem, or to __22__ to your employer that you are really sick.
And nanobots will __23__ be used in the material of a party dress. The nature of the material will change in response to the __24__ of the woman wearing the dress. Also, different parts of the dress will be made to __25__ differently. As she becomes __26__ by the guy she is talking to, the dress will become more revealing: smaller and easier to __27__ through. It will begin to quietly play __28__ music. However, as she loses __29__， her dress will become more opaque (不透明的) and __30__.
In addition, the dress will be designed to offer __31__. When the wearer responds in __32__， the material of the dress will become __33__ and it will act like a bulletproof vest as it gives off a loud alarm and a bad smell. In this way, the dress will __34__ a woman from the beginning till the end of the party, so she will automatically respond __35__ to something unexpected. Unfortunately, it probably won't be until about 2030 when the new and improved “nano dress” will include a BS detector.
16．A.before B．when
C．though D．unless
解析：选B 你生病时可以用更大的微型机器人诊断病情。此处选when引导时间状语从句。
17．A.find B．design
C．change D．swallow
解析：选D 当你的胃不舒服时，可吞下(swallow)一个小的樱桃味的微型机器人。由后面的“taking a video of the mess”可推知答案。
18．A.head B．stomach
C．chest D．lung
解析：选B 上文中的“When you have an upset stomach”暗示答案为B项。
19．A.continue B．enjoy
C．control D．imagine
解析：选C 微型机器人诊断病情时你可以控制它，并选择图像。control意为“控制”，符合语境。
20．A.Then B．But
C．Still D．Or
解析：选A 上下文表示顺承关系，所以用副词Then。
21．A.teacher B．worker
C．doctor D．employer
解析：选C 由空后的“diagnose your problem”可知，用微型机器人拍到的录像帮助医生诊断病情。
22．A.suggest B．prove
C．provide D．promise
解析：选B 由空后的“your employer”可知，向你的老板证明你的确生病了。 prove意为“证明”，符合语境。
23．A.again B．never
C．also D．seldom
解析：选C 下文讲了微型机器人的其他用途，所以此处用副词also。
24．A.feelings B．looks
C．purposes D．favorites
解析：选A 由下文的内容可推知，此处是说礼服材料的属性可根据穿衣者的情感变化而发生变化，故选feelings。
25．A.reflect B．appear
C．speak D．respond
解析：选D 上文中的“The nature of the material will change in response to”暗示答案为respond“作出反应”。
26．A.surprised B．bored
C．excited D．frightened
解析：选C 由下文中的“the dress will become more revealing”以及“However, as she loses ...”可知，此处是说当她变得兴奋时。excited意为“兴奋的”，符合语境。
27．A.see B．break
C．get D．put
解析：选A 根据前文中的“the dress will become more revealing”可知，空格处应用see。 see through“透过……看到”。
28．A.folk B．church
C．romantic D．moody
解析：选C 根据语境可知，此处表示衣服会轻轻地播放浪漫的音乐。romantic意为“浪漫的”，符合语境。
29．A.money B．interest
C．contact D．face
解析：选B 空格处所在句表达的内容与上一句相反，所以此处用interest。lose interest“失去兴趣”。
30．A.prettier B．shining
C．invisible D．uglier
解析：选D 当她失去兴趣时，衣服将会变得更不透明而且更难看(uglier)。
31．A.challenge B．warmth
C．advice D．protection
解析：选D 根据下文中的“it will act like a bulletproof vest as it gives off a loud alarm and a bad smell”可知，衣服能保护穿衣者。protection意为“保护”，符合语境。
32．A.joy B．shame
C．pity D．fear
解析：选D 当穿衣者作出恐惧(fear)的反应时，衣服的材料将会变得坚固。
33．A.soft B．strong
C．colorful D．dark
解析：选B 根据上题解析以及下文中的“a bulletproof vest”可推知答案。strong意为“结实的，坚固的”，符合语境。
34．A.look after B．stand for
C．rely on D．cover up
解析：选A 上文谈及衣服有保护穿衣者的作用，所以此处用look after“照看”。
35．A.occasionally B．hopefully
C．properly D．fortunately
解析：选C 由上文中这种衣服可以保护穿衣者可推知答案。这里是说“作出适当的反应”。properly意为“适当地，正确地”，符合语境。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
According __36__ the World Health Organization (WHO), nine out of ten people globally are breathing poor quality air. And every year, over six million people worldwide __37__ (kill) because of air pollution.
The problem is __38__ (particular) serious in cities, according to the report, but air quality in the countryside is worse than many think. Pollution affects all parts of society, though poorer countries have much __39__ (dirty) air than the developed countries.
“It is a public health emergency. Fast action can't come soon enough __40__ (fight) against air pollution，” said Maria Neira, trying to persuade governments to cut __41__ number of vehicles on the road, improve waste __42__ (manage) and promote clean cooking fuel.
The report was based on data (数据) __43__ (collect) from over 3,000 places, across the globe. It found that 92% of the world's population lives in places __44__ air quality levels go beyond WHO limits.
Nearly 90% of air pollution related deaths occur in low and middle income __45__ (country), the WHO said. Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region, including China, Malaysia and Vietnam, are the hardest hit, the data showed.
语篇解读：世界卫生组织表示，每十个人中就有九个呼吸着不良空气，全球每年有600多万人死于空气污染。世界卫生组织同时呼吁大家采取行动，控制空气污染。
36．to according to“根据”，为固定搭配。
37．are killed 主语over six million people worldwide是谓语动词动作kill的承受者，需用被动语态；这里说的是每年的情况，故用一般现在时。
38．particularly 空白处所填词在句中修饰形容词serious，需用particular的副词形式。
39．dirtier 由句中的than可知，这里应该填dirty的比较级形式。
40．to fight 动词不定式作目的状语。
41．the the number of ...意为“……的数量”；a number of ... 意为“许多……”。
42．management 空白处所填词在句中作improve的宾语，故用manage的名词形式management。
43．collected collected from over 3,000 places across the globe是过去分词短语作定语，修饰data, 分词动作collect与逻辑主语data之间是动宾关系。
44．where where air quality levels go beyond WHO limits是定语从句，修饰先行词places, 关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。
45．countries 这里指的是许多国家，故用country的复数形式。
Ⅴ.写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
假如你是李华，你班级拟开一个以“我未来的生活”为主题的班会。请你用英语演讲，内容包括：
1．你对自己未来生活有什么样的畅想；
2．你对自己的未来有什么期许。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．标题已给出。
My future life
参考范文：
My future life
Boys and girls,
The following is what I am longing for my future life.
First of all, I want to live a simple but enjoyable life, but I will save some money for my future use.
In addition, my hometown is a quiet and beautiful town, where I can enjoy the fresh air and clean water. Living here surely makes people live healthily.
Last but not least, I don't worry too much about my future life, for I am hardworking and with my efforts, I can earn my living. In conclusion, I believe I will have a comfortable and quiet time in the future.
That's all, thank you.
第二节：概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity (繁荣). Others say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life and death affairs. In their single minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse, “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't want to try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot.
Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
参考范文：
Some people value competition highly while others are against it strongly in modern society. (要点1) Although some of my students take an opposite attitude, (要点2) many believe their performance determines their self worth, among whom some struggle to win while others even have a desire to fail, because both of them fear to be valued. (要点3) Only when such fear disappears can we learn the true meaning of competition. (要点4)
