PAGE
第 4 页 共 4 页
课时跟踪检测（六） Project
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The Rococo decoration (装饰方式) inside the palace is delightful.
2．Her anxiety was apparent (显而易见的) to everyone.
3．The damask rose (大马士革蔷薇) is extremely fragrant (芳香的)．
4．He was drawing up a report with the assistance (帮助) of experts.
5．How many students have registered (登记) for English classes
6．There are too many rules and regulations (条例) governing small businesses.
7．The word “machine” is stressed (重读) on the second syllable.
8．The country’s fragile (脆弱的) economy is threatened by the continued drought.
9．The monkeys live in the upper (上部的) branches.
10．The company adopted different levels of the management pyramid (金字塔式体系)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．In terms of achievement, last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low, though not failing, grade.
2．In my opinion, no search engine can equal Baidu in search scope and speed.
3．Listening to loud music at rock concerts has (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
4．Outside the school stand (stand) many civilians, too anxious to know the results of the vote.
5．Our parents will lay stress on the importance of study as soon as they find us watching TV.
6．The streets were decorated with flags on National Day.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．他在会议上强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
He stressed_the_importance_of accepting a good education at the meeting.
2．他一直在儿子的协助下经营这家公司。
He’s been running the company with_the_assistance_of his son.
3．他莫名其妙地突然就走了。
Suddenly, for_no_apparent_reason,_he walked away.
4．我们用彩灯来装饰圣诞树。
We decorated the Christmas tree with colourful lights.
5．她的知识贫乏，不能胜任这样一份工作。
Her knowledge is poor; she isn’t_equal_to such a task.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Many traffic jams leave drivers puzzled as they finally reach the end of a tailback to find no visible cause for their delay. Now, a team of mathematicians have found the answer by developing a model to show how major delays occur on our roads, with no obvious cause.
The model showed that a driver, slowing down below a critical speed (临界速率) when reacting to unexpected events, forces the car behind to slow down further and the next car back to reduce its speed still further. The result of this is that several miles back, cars would finally come to a stop, with drivers unaware of the reason for their delay. The model predicts that this is a very typical situation on a busy highway (above 15 vehicles per km). The jam moves backwards through the traffic creating a so called “backward travelling wave”， which drivers may encounter many miles upstream, several minutes after it was caused.
Drivers and policy makers have not previously known why jams like this occur, though many have put it down to the sheer volume of traffic. While this clearly plays a part in this new theory, the main issue is around the smoothness of traffic flow. According to the model, heavy traffic will not automatically lead to jams but can be smooth flowing. This model takes into account the time delay in drivers’ reactions, which leads to drivers’ braking more heavily than would have been necessary if they had identified and reacted to a problem ahead a second earlier.
When a driver taps the brake, the traffic may come to a full standstill several miles behind. It really matters how hard a driver brakes — a slight braking from a driver who has identified a problem early will allow the traffic flow to remain smooth. Heavier braking, usually caused by a driver reacting late to a problem, can affect traffic flow for many miles.
语篇解读：许多司机对交通堵塞感到很迷惑，一些数学家找到了造成交通堵塞的原因。
1．From the passage, we learn that ________.
A．the new theory lacks evidence and is not convincing
B．driving at low speed leads to traffic jams
C．many drivers don’t know how to deal with unexpected events
D．drivers are often unaware of the reason why a traffic jam happens
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第一句中的“they finally reach the end of a tailback to find no visible cause for their delay”以及第二段中的“with drivers unaware of the reason for their delay”可知答案。
2．Traffic jams can be avoided when ________.
A．mathematicians develop a model
B．drivers react to problems early
C．there is a “backward travelling wave”
D．there is a visible cause of the delay
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三、四段的内容可知，如果司机早发现问题，提前刹车，刹车就不至于太猛，就不会影响后面的车辆，交通堵塞即可避免。
3．The underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refers to ________.
A．the “backward travelling wave”
B．the smoothness of traffic flow
C．the volume of traffic
D．the model developed by a team of mathematicians
解析：选C 代词指代题。根据第三段第一句中的“though many have put it down to the sheer volume of traffic”可推知答案。
4．What would be the best title for the passage
A．A new model developed by mathematicians
B．The mystery of traffic jams solved by mathematicians
C．Traffic jams caused by slow reacting drivers
D．Impacts of heavy braking
解析：选B 主旨大意题。第一段中的“Now, a team of mathematicians have found the answer by developing a model to show how major delays occur on our roads, with no obvious cause.”为文章的主题句，所以B项为短文的最佳标题。
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
The eight year old Carol lived with her father David, mother May and elder brother Rob. The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrounded with beautiful nature. The village was at the foot of a mountain, with beautiful views of the snowy mountain. The family survived on growing seasonal plants and trees. Their life is totally surrounded by nature and beauty.
While they lived a very happy life, Carol did not love the beautiful atmosphere of the village. She really wanted to move into the city and enjoy the city life. She wanted to shop, move around the city, watch movies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
However, there was hardly any chance that Carol’s family moved to the city as they had everything in the village.
One day, Carol fell asleep during the early noon and she had a sound sleep. Of course, she had a strange dream. She saw her grandmother in her dream as a fairy and her deceased grandmother granted her a wish. Carol requested her that she should love to enjoy the city life as she always desired.
Grandmother understood the desire of Carol, but still wanted to convince her that the peaceful village life is better than the city life.
She told Carol, “Baby, you cannot have access to fresh fruits and vegetables from plants as you have at your home. You cannot breathe fresh air. You cannot play with animals. You can hardly find any trees. You will not find peace as you see here! Do you still want to go to the city？”
Without hearing the concerns, Carol asked her grandmother to grant the wish. Grandmother granted her wish, but with a condition. Carol was told that she would only have 6 hours to spend in the city. Later, she would return to the village. Carol agreed.
Paragraph 1：
Carol then found herself in the city with her friends.
Paragraph 2：
Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Carol then found herself in the city with her friends. Carol and her friends went to watch movies. After that they ate delicious food in a restaurant and shopped in a huge mall. Carol was happy that she had the chance to experience the life in the city. Yet at the same time, she understood that everything told by her grandmother was true in the city. There was no peace and no silence; the city life was fast and rushing. The air quality is not satisfying. She could hardly find any animal or even a tree.
Paragraph 2：
Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up. She recalled what happened just now in her dream and realized that her life in the village with her family was far more wonderful than the city life. Carol understood that she was having a more joyful life. She shared her dream with her family while enjoying the fresh fruits and vegetables, and they laughed together. Carol also developed love for plants, animals and beautiful nature.PAGE
第 4 页 共 6 页
课时跟踪检测（五） Word power, Grammar and usage & Task
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He was charged (控告) with murder but found innocent later.
2．Sadam, former president of Iraq was trialed in secret and sentenced (判处) to death.
3．David’s parents divorced (离婚) when he was six.
4．I haven’t started writing the article yet — I’m still waiting for inspiration (灵感)．
5．They were accused of interfering in China’s internal affairs (事务)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I am not speaking for myself, but on behalf of all my colleagues.
2．Linda is loved by many people. Apart from being pretty, she is honest and hardworking.
3．John was very upset because he was_charged (charge) by the police with breaking the law.
4．The patient is seriously ill. Better have him operated (operate) on in no time.
5．He was sentenced to six years in prison because of a car accident.
6．The majority of the children born last year are (be) girls.
7．The lack of evidence and witness led to the appeal being_rejected (reject)．
8．Swan Lake is a famous ballet in four acts, based (base) on a German fairy tale.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Two good friends, Sam and Jason, met with a car accident on their way home one night.The next morning, Sam woke up blind.His legs were broken.The doctor, Mr Lee, was standing by his bed, looking at him with a thoughtful expression. When he saw Sam awake, he asked, “How are you feeling, Sam？” Sam smiled and said, “Not bad, doctor.Thank you for doing the operation (手术)．” Mr Lee was moved by Sam. When he was leaving, Sam said, “Please don’t tell Jason about it.” “... OK，” Mr Lee replied.
Months later when Jason’s wounds (伤) healed,_Sam was still very sick.He could neither see nor walk.What he could do was just stay in his wheelchair all day long.At first, Jason stayed with him for a few days.But days later, Jason felt very discouraged and embarrassed to spend time staying with a disabled man like Sam.So he went to see Sam less and less.He made new friends.From then on, he didn’t go to visit Sam any more. Sam didn’t have any family or friends other than Jason. He felt very sad.
Things went from bad to worse.Sam died a year later. When Jason came, Mr Lee gave a letter to him. It was from Sam. In the letter Sam said, “Dear Jason, I am disabled.But I want you to be a healthy man.So I gave my eyes to you so that you can enjoy life as a healthy man. Now you have new friends. I’m glad to see that you are as healthy as usual.I’m glad you live a happy life.You are always my best friend ... Sam.” When he finished reading the letter, Mr Lee said, “I’ve promised that I will keep this secret until Sam is gone. Now you know it.” Jason stood there. Tears ran down his face.
语篇解读：萨姆和杰森是好朋友。他们在一次事故当中都受了伤。萨姆将自己的眼睛捐献给了杰森，但却让医生保守了这个秘密。杰森对残疾的朋友萨姆逐渐失去了热情，并交了新朋友。一直到萨姆去世后，杰森才知道真相。
1．The reason why Sam thanked Mr Lee was that ________.
A．Mr Lee was very kind and friendly to him
B．Mr Lee came to see him early in the morning
C．Mr Lee did the operation according to his wish
D．Mr Lee saved both his life and Jason’s
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据首段中萨姆所说“... Thank you for doing the operation (手术)．”和手术后的结果(杰森康复，萨姆的病情每况愈下)可知应选C项。
2．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．Sam drove too badly and caused the car accident
B．the unsuccessful operation led to Sam’s blindness
C．Jason knew how Sam helped him before Sam died
D．it was Jason that became blind in the car accident
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段，萨姆去世后，在留给杰森的信中说“... So I gave my eyes to you so that you can enjoy life as a healthy man ...”可知，在那次事故中杰森双目失明，萨姆把自己的眼睛给了他，使他重见光明，享受健康的人生。
3．Sam was a man who ________.
A．thought friendship was very important
B．was unfriendly to his friends
C．felt hopeless after the car accident happened
D．always listened to his friends
解析：选A 推理判断题。文章的感人之处在于：发生事故后，见朋友杰森失明了，萨姆瞒着他捐献了自己的眼睛，心甘情愿地让他过上健康的生活，即使朋友离开自己也毫无怨言。由此推断萨姆是一个极重友情的人，所以选A项。
4．The underlined word “healed ” in the second paragraph may mean “________”．
A．was sleepy after working for a long time
B．became healthy again
C．felt surprised when hearing the bad news
D．ran away when something bad happened
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，数月之后当杰森的伤口愈合时，萨姆依然病情严重，显然B项正确。
Ⅳ.完形填空
On June 23, 1970, I had just left the Army after completing my one year duty in Vietnam. I was on __1__returning home in Texas. I had been warned about the __2__ of our fellow countrymen. There was no hometown welcome for us when we came home from that unpopular war.
I sat, in uniform, in a window seat，__3__eye contact with my fellow passengers. No one was sitting next to me, which added to my __4__. A little girl suddenly appeared in the passage. She __5__ and, without saying a word，__6__ handed me a magazine. I accepted her __7__， her quiet “welcome home.” All I could say was, “Thank you.” Her small gesture of __8__ was the first I had experienced in a long time.
It doesn’t __9__ why she gave me the magazine. The __10__ thing is what she did.
Since then, I have followed her example to do the __11__ for different people. Like me on that plane ride long ago, they will __12__ know why a stranger gave a hand. But I absolutely know that my __13__ since then are all because of that little girl. Her kindness of offering a magazine to a __14__， scared and lonely soldier has been __15__ throughout my life.
语篇解读：作者在越南服役一年后回到美国。在回国的飞机上，他感到孤独冷落。一个小女孩给作者送去了一本杂志，并对他说“欢迎回家”，这件事情让作者颇为感激。从那时起，作者以小女孩为榜样，以同样的方式为身边不同的人带去温暖和友善。
1．A.bus B．train
C．plane D．boat
解析：选C 根据常识可知从越南回到美国的Texas应该会坐飞机(plane)。最后一段第二句“on that plane”亦是提示。
2．A.stories B．difficulties
C．unfriendliness D．enthusiasm
解析：选C 根据下句“There was no hometown welcome for us when we came home from that unpopular war.”可推知，“我”曾被告诫过我们同胞的不友好(unfriendliness)。
3．A.seeking B．noticing
C．keeping D．avoiding
解析：选D 根据上文的背景可知，“我”穿着制服，坐在靠窗的座位上，避免(avoid)目光和其他乘客接触。
4．A.pride B．loneliness
C．anger D．excitement
解析：选B 没人坐在作者身边，增加了作者的孤独(loneliness)。最后一段末句“lonely soldier”亦是提示。
5．A.smiled B．listened
C．turned D．bent
解析：选A 一个小女孩突然出现在通道，她微笑(smiled)着，一句话也没说，递给“我”一本杂志。
6．A.naturally B．proudly
C．shyly D．worriedly
解析：选C 根据上文她微笑着，一句话也没说可推知，女孩应该是有些害羞地(shyly)递给“我”一本杂志。
7．A.offer B．donation
C．accompany D．contact
解析：选A 作者接受小女孩的杂志，和女孩小声说的“欢迎回家”。小女孩是主动递给作者杂志的，故选offer符合语境。donation“捐赠”；accompany“陪伴”；contact“联系，接触”。
8．A.invitation B．sympathy
C．agreement D．inspiration
解析：选B 根据上文“No one was sitting next to me”可知，作者长时间没有体会过别人的同情(sympathy)。
9．A.mean B．operate
C．matter D．comment
解析：选C 她给“我”杂志的原因并不重要。it doesn’t matter ...意为“……没有关系/不太重要”。
10．A.memorable B．satisfactory
C．important D．valuable
解析：选C 重要的是她所做的，她给了作者一份友善和同情。
11．A.same B．other
C．one D．only
解析：选A 从那时起，“我”以她为榜样，以同样的方式对待不同的人，像那个女孩一样对待他们，do the same这里指的是像女孩一样对身边的人友好。
12．A.always B．never
C．happily D．obviously
解析： 选B 就像自己当年在飞机上一样，他们永远不会(never)知道为什么一个陌生人会伸出援助之手。
13．A.feelings B．ideas
C．models D．attempts
解析：选D 但“我”绝对知道，“我”这样努力尝试(attempt)都是因为那个小女孩。
14．A.busy B．young
C．excited D．tired
解析：选D 飞机上作者那时候的情况是一个疲惫(tired)、恐惧和孤独的人。
15．A.accepted B．spread
C．honored D．neglected
解析：选B 根据上文作者也要这样做可知，在作者看来，小女孩对他的这份善举在他的生活中蔓延开来，故选spread。
Ⅴ.语法填空
World famous physicist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76. He died __1__ (peaceful) at his home in Cambridge in the early __2__ (hour) of Wednesday.
Hawking was known __3__ the public for his work with black holes and relativity, and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time. At the age of 22, Prof. Hawking __4__ (give) only a few years to live after doctors declared that he suffered from a rare disease. The illness left him in a wheelchair and he was __5__ (able) to speak except through a voice synthesizer (合成器)．
Prof. Hawking was the first __6__ (set) out a theory of cosmology (宇宙学) explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He also discovered that black holes __7__ (leak) energy and fade to nothing — a phenomenon that would __8__ (late) become known as Hawking radiation. Through his work with mathematician Sir Roger Penrose he proved that Einstein’s general theory of relativity suggests space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and __9__ end in black holes.
In a statement his children praised his “courage and persistence” and said his “brilliance and humour” inspired people across the world. They added, “He once said, ‘It would not be much of a universe __10__ it wasn’t home to the people you love.’ We will miss him forever.”
语篇解读：本文简单介绍了斯蒂芬·霍金的生平。
1．peacefully 考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词died，故用副词。
2．hours 考查名词复数。the early hours“凌晨时分”为固定用法，故填hour的复数形式。
3．to 考查介词。be known to ... for ...“因……而为……所知”为固定用法，故填介词to。
4．was given 考查动词的时态和语态。根据表示过去的时间状语At the age of 22可知此处要用一般过去时；又Prof. Hawking与give之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
5．unable 考查词形转换。根据句意可知此处表示“他不能说话”，故用able的反义词unable。
6．to set 考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，序数词后一般用不定式作后置定语，故填to set。
7．leak 考查动词的时态。虽然主句用了一般过去时，但宾语从句叙述的是客观事实，故从句要用一般现在时。
8．later 考查副词。此处表示一个之后会作为霍金辐射而闻名的现象，故填later。
9．an 考查冠词。前面的a beginning暗示这里用an end，故填an。
10．if 考查状语从句。根据语境可知，此处要用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。PAGE
第 6 页 共 6 页
课时跟踪检测（四） Welcome to the unit &Reading—Language points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Most people associate (联系) this brand with good quality these days.
2．Unfortunately, we have had several thefts (盗窃) in the building recently.
3．It made sense to appoint (任命) a banker to this job.
4．Nowadays a steady (稳定的) job and high pay are still appealing to many people.
5．He’s clumsy (笨拙的) and untidy but then again he’s always willing to help.
6．Before breakfast Tom informed me that he would be away for a fortnight (两周)．
7．His assessment (评估) of the situation was correct and we should study it carefully.
8．Restrictions on trade have caused friction (摩擦) between the two nations.
9．The company’s problems are partly (部分地) due to bad management.
10．The countryside near there is flat (平坦的) as a pancake.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I saw he was angry and wanted to smooth him down.
2．The scientist decided he didn’t want to be associated with the project, and left.
3．He had a talent for music and was_appointed (appoint) conductor of Shanghai Symphony Orchestra at the age of 30.
4．I don’t think people are really aware of just how much it costs.
5．What’s your assessment (assess) of the loss that his death has brought about to the company
6．You’d better have your shoes mended (mend)．
7．Tom is very young. But in terms of working ability, he’s much more experienced than others.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．他把生意移交给女儿管理。
He turned_the_business_over_to his daughter.
2．糟糕的公交服务对我们的日常生活产生了很大的影响。
The bad public transportation service has_had_a_great_influence_on our daily life.
3．为了纪念为保护野生动物而牺牲的人们，我们举行了一个仪式。
We held a ceremony in_honour_of those who lost their lives for wildlife protection.
4．你难道没意识到这些化学物质正在对我们的环境造成破坏吗？
Don’t you realize the_damage these chemicals are_doing_to our environment
5．贾斯廷已开了好几瓶葡萄酒为聚会作准备。
Justin had opened several bottles of wine in_preparation_for the party.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
It brings a whole new meaning to the term “windowshopping”．
Ocado is launching a “virtual (虚拟的)” high street shop with pictures of groceries. Customers scan the barcodes (条形码) of products they want to buy using their smartphones — and the goods are delivered to the front door. The new “shopping window” is being launched in central London and could be rolled_out across the country.
Ocado says the novel project could be a taste of the future of shopping as busy commuters (上下班往返的人) are able to order their groceries without being forced to pack and carry home their items.
It comes after a similar trial by Tesco carried out in a South Korean subway. The supermarket giants created a virtual store consisting of posters of shelves stocked with goods. After the success of the trial, Tesco is reportedly planning on bringing the virtual supermarket to Britain.
The Ocado wall will operate on a trial basis at the One New Change shopping centre until September 1. Customers have to download the Ocado On The Go app. before they can buy products from the “window shop”. If the trial proves successful, Ocado plans to set up new walls in other empty shop units around the UK.
Ocado co founder Jason Gissing said：“We hope this trial is a hit and, based on its success, we’ll be looking at options around continuing this ‘virtual window shopping’ approach in other places.”
Ocado spokesman Ben Lovett added: “The shop will be a printed window display featuring some of our most popular items. Barcodes underneath will let you scan the items and drop them into your basket on the app. Then you simply book a delivery and get on with your day.”
Ocado has never launched a “real” store and it is the first time it has had a physical presence on the high street. A spokesman for the online grocer said 15% of Ocado orders are now placed on mobile phones.
语篇解读：英国网络杂货店Ocado在伦敦设立了虚拟的购物窗，顾客只需用手机扫描想要购买的商品的条形码，商品就会被送到购物者的家中。
1．How do customers do shopping from the new shopping window
A．By placing an order through the Internet at home.
B．By making phone calls to the shopkeepers.
C．By sending text messages of goods to the suppliers.
D．By scanning the barcodes with their smartphones.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，通过虚拟的购物窗，顾客只需用手机扫描想要购买的商品的条形码，商品就会被送到购物者的家中。
2．The underlined phrase “rolled out” in Paragraph 2 probably can be replaced by ________.
A．spread B．presented
C．pressed D．accessed
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，目前伦敦市中心正在设立这种虚拟橱窗，它可能会慢慢遍及英国各地。对比“in central London”和“across the country”可知，“roll out”在本句中表示“传播，蔓延”。故选spread。
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Ocado has increased its sales by 15% by opening street shops.
B．It was Tesco that first launched a virtual store in South Korea.
C．Ocado has many branch stores including Tesco in South Korea.
D．More “shopping windows” will open in London by September 1.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容尤其是“It comes after a similar trial by Tesco”可知，Tesco首先在韩国地铁站设立了虚拟商店，而Ocado是在Tesco之后设立了类似的橱窗。故B项符合文意。
4．What do we know about Ocado
A．It only sells groceries online.
B．It is a supermarket delivering goods directly.
C．It has “window shops” in many British cities.
D．Half of its groceries are sold on mobile phones.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，Ocado从来没有创办过一个实体店。可见，Ocado只通过网络进行销售。
B
It’s a popular dish eaten by millions of people. It’s a symbol of wealth and power and is often served at weddings and banquets. It’s shark fin (鱼翅) soup, a traditional Chinese dish that is served in restaurants worldwide. To satisfy the growing demand for the soup, fishermen kill as many as 70 million sharks each year — just for their fins.
That’s a big reason shark populations are falling fast. The numbers of the largest sharks — including the famous great white shark — have dropped by 90 percent since the 1950s. Scientists say that about one third of all shark species are at risk of becoming extinct.
American government signed the Shark Conservation Act in January. This law bans any U. S. boat from catching or transporting sharks without their fins attached. A bill introduced in California in February would take shark conservation a step further. It would ban the sale and possession of shark fins. That would include serving shark fin soup. Hawaii passed a similar ban last year.
Scientists say the practice of finning is a major cause of the collapse in shark populations. In finning, fishermen slice off the fins of live sharks and throw the bodies back into the water. Without their fins, the sharks sink to the ocean floor and die. Sharks are more vulnerable (脆弱的) to overfishing than other types of fish. They grow slowly and have fewer offspring than other fish do. Sharks are often captured and killed faster than they can repopulate the waters.
Finning is also big business. Fishermen sell the fleshy fins to fish markets and producers of shark fin soup, mainly in China. A pound of fins might sell for as much as $ 200.
Why should we care about protecting these fearsome meat eaters As the top ocean predators (食肉动物), sharks keep the populations of other fish from growing too large. If sharks were to be wiped out, their usual prey would reproduce unchecked. That could throw the ocean food chain off balance.“Removing the top level predators in the ocean has significant effects on its ecosystem，” said biologist John McCosker.
语篇解读：这是一篇生态类说明文。由于人们过度捕捞鲨鱼，使这种对海洋生态平衡起着重要作用的海洋生物陷入了濒于灭绝的境地。
5．Some American states made the law on the issue of sharks ________.
A．to keep the tradition of serving shark fin soup
B．to show the preciousness of shark fins
C．to maintain the power of sharks
D．to help protect these sharks
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二、三段内容可知，鲨鱼的数量急剧减少，美国政府及美国一些州都签署法案禁止捕捞鲨鱼和鱼翅交易。由此可推测，其目的是保护这些海洋食肉动物——鲨鱼。
6．What’s the possible result of overfishing sharks
A．Disturbing the balance of food chain of mankind.
B．Damaging the oceanic ecological balance.
C．Causing fishermen to be out of work.
D．Decreasing the number of other fish.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，鲨鱼作为海洋食物链最顶端的肉食者，它们能控制其他鱼类的数量，因此过度捕捞鲨鱼会破坏海洋生态平衡。
7．Which statement is NOT true according to the passage
A．Sharks live on other fish in the ocean.
B．Shark fin soup is the symbol of Chinese food culture.
C．Nowadays sharks are endangered.
D．Sharks play an important role in the ocean food chain.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，鱼翅汤是权力和财富的象征，并没有说它是中国饮食文化的象征，故B项说法错误；根据第二段和第四段内容可知C项说法正确；根据最后一段中的“As the top ocean predators (食肉动物)”和“has significant effects on its ecosystem”可知A、D两项说法也正确。
8．It can be inferred that ________.
A．humans are to blame for shark populations’ falling fast
B．shark fin soup is necessary for human growth
C．ocean environment is getting better and better
D．Chinese food culture is famous around the world
解析：选A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，鲨鱼被捕杀，做成了鱼翅汤之类的特色菜肴，致使鲨鱼数量急剧减少。由此可推断出鲨鱼数量减少，人类是罪魁祸首。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
Clara Barton，founder of the American Red Cross , gained worldwide honour for her devotion to easing human suffering and earned the nickname“Angel of the Battlefield”.
Barton was born into a freethinking family in 1821. Her elder brothers and sisters happily educated her in math and reading, so when she entered school at three years old, she could read and spell three syllable words. __1__
Concerned about Barton’s difficulty in making friends, her parents sent her to a boarding school, hoping it would make her more comfortable with her peers. __2__ Barton lost her appetite (食欲) and cried constantly. After only one term, she had to be brought home. Then, Barton stayed out of school to nurse her brother through a serious injury and also volunteered to care for poor families during a smallpox (天花) outbreak.
In 1861, the Civil War broke out. The sight of wounded soldiers touched Barton deeply. She began to collect and give away food, bandages, medicines, and other supplies to the Union Army.
__3__There, with little concern for her own safety, she cooked meals, assisted surgeons, and comforted wounded soldiers.
Eventually, because of working too hard, Barton broke down finally. __4__It was there that she learned of an organization based in Switzerland called the International Committee of the Red Cross, whose work mirrored her own.
Shortly after Barton arrived back home in 1873，her sister died. __5__ When recuperating (康复) at a health facility in New York, she began planning for the establishment of an American wing of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Although at first the government opposed it, her efforts finally paid off. The American Red Cross was officially organized on May 21, 1881. Her influence lives on today in the work of the organization she founded.
A．Barton fell into a deep depression.
B．Unfortunately, it had the opposite effect.
C．Many people felt sorry for the loss of her sister and her own health.
D．When she recovered, her doctors suggested a long, restful trip to Europe.
E．Barton spent the following several months learning basics of the Swiss Red Cross.
F．She easily kept up with the older children academically but did not fit in socially.
G．Barton risked her life to transport plenty of supplies to the front lines.
语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。讲述了美国红十字会创始人Clara Barton的故事。
1．选F 由空前“ Her elder brothers and sisters ...she could read and spell three syllable words”和下文“Concerned about Barton’s difficulty in making friends”可知，Barton在学业上表现出色，但在社交方面有困难。故F选项“她在学业上很容易跟上大孩子的步伐，但不适应人际交往”符合语境。
2．选B 由空处前后内容可知，B选项“不幸的是，它产生了相反的效果”符合语境。
3．选G 由空后的“There, with little concern for her own safety, she cooked meals, assisted surgeons, and comforted wounded soldiers.”可知，她在战争中不顾个人安危地去做饭、给医生帮忙并安慰受伤的士兵。故G项“她冒着生命危险运输大量物资到前线”符合语境。
4．选D 由空处前后内容可知，D选项“当她康复后，她的医生建议她去欧洲进行一次持续时间长的而又放松的旅行”符合语境。
5．选A 由空前的“Shortly after Barton arrived back home in 1873, her sister died.”可知，1873年Barton回到家不久，她的姐姐就去世了。故A选项“Barton陷入了深深的沮丧中”承接上文，符合语境。
