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第 12 页 共 12 页
阶段仿真检测(三) Unit 3 The meaning of colour
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Louis Pasteur was a world famous French chemist and biologist.
He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva (唾液) entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissues of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种)．
On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his pioneering rabies vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment.
On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world.
Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.
1．A person can develop rabies________.
A．if he is bitten by a rabbit
B．if he touches infected saliva
C．if infected saliva enters his wounds
D．if he touches an infected animal
2．What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man
A．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later.
B．It didn’t save the man’s life.
C．It proved to be a great success.
D．The man was his second patient.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date.
B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients.
C．Injections of vaccine still take much time.
D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine.
B
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and, as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes (脑量) of a thousand people of different ages with different puter technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls the tasks like eating and breathing, does not contract (萎缩) with age.
Contraction of front and side parts — as cells die off — was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy year olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction — using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. “Those with least possibility，” says Matsuzawa, “are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.”
4．The team of doctors wanted to find out________.
A．at what point people grow mentally old
B．how to make people live longer
C．the size of certain people’s brains
D．which people are the most clever
5．Their research findings are based on________.
A．an examination of farmers in northern Japan
B．tests given on a thousand old people
C．examining the brain volumes of different people
D．using computer technology
6．The researchers’ tests show that________.
A．our brains contract as we grow older
B．one part of the brain does not contract
C．sixty year olds have better brains than thirty year olds
D．some people’s brains have contracted earlier than other people’s
7．The most possible conclusion of the passage is that________.
A．most of us take more exercise
B．it’s better to live in the town
C．the brain contracts if it is not used
D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old
C
A family is nice to have. Some of us have lots of relatives. Others have just one or two. And some of us live in adopted families. What about wild animals Some are loners, but many species live permanently in families, just as we do.
When I studied African wild dogs, I saw that each pack consists mainly of grown brothers and their father and uncles. Usually, one unrelated female lives with them. If a dog gets lost, it makes its special “hog call”， and the others answer. Warthogs also live in families. A common group would be an old mother, her grown daughters, and these daughters’ grown daughters with their babies. If these warthogs become separated, they look for one another.
But some other plant eaters seem to have almost no family ties. For example, caribou live in huge herds of hundreds or even thousands of animals. Except for each mother and her baby, these animals do not appear to remember one another. If some of them get lost, the others do not seem to miss them.
An animal can be in great danger if it has no family to help fight off predators (捕食性动物). I once saw a rooster try to defend his chicks from a snake. He was killed by the snake. The wildebeest, which lives in a herd, is on its own when predators strike. That is because a wildebeest herd, like a caribou herd, is just a crowd of unrelated animals that do not know or care about one another. Many times I saw wildebeest mothers standing alone, trying to protect their babies from wild dogs. But in the end, each mother had to flee for her own life.
However, a big family is sometimes a nuisance (麻烦事). The little dik dik is a tiny antelope that lives in Africa. It has a diet of rare plants and is limited to a small home range. The dik dik would not find enough to eat if there were too many relatives around. The female leopard, too, lives alone all her life, except while she’s raising cubs (幼崽). She usually hunts small animals, which are just big enough to feed her and her cubs, but nobody else.
8．What would an African wild dog do if it couldn’t find its way home
A．It would let out a special call.
B．It would listen to the father’s call.
C．It would leave some marks on the ground.
D．It would follow the family’s unique smell.
9. What’s typical of a warthog group
A．Females form close circles.
B．The oldest one is usually the leader.
C．Young ones are independent of their parents.
D．Family members fight off predators on their own.
10．What usually happens during a mother wildebeest’s baby protection fight
A．Her babies run away from her.
B．Predators are scared away.
C．She gets herself killed.
D．Her efforts are in vain.
11. Which of the following can describe dik diks and female leopards
A．They are loners.
B．They are big eaters.
C．They are peace lovers.
D．They do much for their cubs.
D
Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place Lots of people have. Now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why.
They found that one half of the brain remains more awake than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place. This appears a case of the brain keeping people ready for trouble in a new place, the researchers said.
The sleep findings were reported in Current Biology and by Brown University. In their report, the researchers said many people reported they had a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their home.
They call it “first night effect”. “In Japan, if you change your pillow, you can’t sleep，” said Yuka Sasaki, one of the report’s authors. “You don’t sleep very well in a new place. We all know about it.”
The researchers measured brain waves for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory. The two nights were a week apart. They found during the first night the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was more active than the right hemisphere. This was during the first deep sleep period, the researchers said.
Sasaki said a lot of questions remain. Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long, so they don’t know if the left hemisphere keeps “watch” all night. Or whether it “works in shifts (轮流)” with the right hemisphere later in the night. They also do not know why the extra brain activity, at least during the first phase of deep sleep, is always on the left hemisphere.
For some, this research may be calming. It is good to know that our brain is “looking out for us” in a new place. But it may not help with sleep. That extra brain activity, at least according to this new research, makes it harder to get the sleep people need to feel well rested in the morning.
12．Sleep problems in a new place may result from ________.
A．the so called “first night effect”
B．the concern over personal safety
C．the extra activity of the right brain
D．the brain’s failure to work properly
13．What can be learnt from the study
A．Brain waves were measured in two separate days.
B．The left brain develops better than the right one.
C．The extra activity is limited to the left brain.
D．The left brain keeps “watch” all night.
14．For a good sleep, the brain’s “watch” could be ________.
A．helpful B．necessary
C．unpleasant D．irresponsible
15．The text aims to ________.
A．give some advice to people with sleep problems
B．show the real link between the brain and sleep
C．call attention to the brain activity
D．explain the “first night effect”
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you remember those times when your mother told you to avoid talking to strangers But now you’re not a child anymore. In fact, there are advantages of talking to strangers.
You can meet a really great person.
__16__ You can meet a person who’ll become your best friend in future. You can also meet someone who’ll give you a chance to get your dream job or somehow help you in life.
__17__
You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’ and relatives’ points of view about them too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that’ll broaden you horizons.
You can improve your social skills.
Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers. __18__ You can better these skills when talking to a stranger.
__19__
If you belong to that shy type of people, talking to a stranger may seem to be a real challenge for you. I’m also extremely shy but I realize it’s not an issue at all. You can overcome your fear of being judged by others by talking to strangers and become more confident.
You can cheer someone up.
The thing you’ll definitely like about talking to strangers is that you can make someone’s day better. Smile and people will smile in return. Compliment people and they’ll think something pleasant about you. __20__
A．It expands your world view.
B．You’ll feel an increase in confidence.
C．It helps you to become a more talkative person.
D．It may show you the solutions you didn’t know about.
E．Talking to a stranger is a good habit as you never know who you may meet.
F．Having a short dialogue is one of those perfect chances to make people cheerful.
G．Asking proper questions and attentive listening are two skills that many don’t have.
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Several years ago, my father took us to watch a World Series game. As we __21__ the stadium, we passed an open garage that led back into Yankee Stadium.I looked in and __22__ a bus.I stopped as my family __23__.When the garage door started going down __24__， I hit the ground, a notebook and a pen in hand, and rolled inside along with a few other kids.
As a stadium door opened, several __25__ came in the garage.They __26__ my notebook.I could feel my heart beat harder with each autograph. But where was Sandy, my favourite baseball player
Finally, Sandy came in, __27__ he boarded the bus before I could get to him.So I climbed up the bus stairs and asked a player sitting in the front to pass my __28__ back to Sandy.It came back with his __29__.To my parents’ great __30__， I was soon escorted (护送) out of the garage.I was floating in the air.The feeling of __31__ lasted for days.
With each new World Series season, I wonder what that day and those __32__ moments would have felt like if I hadn’t been in it for __33__， but for the money that a sports star’s signature might bring. I am so __34__ for that day, and for not knowing that an autograph could be worth anything more than a wonderful moment to be __35__ for a lifetime.
21．A.entered B．left
C．returned to D．got around
22．A.stopped B．caught
C．missed D．spotted
23．A.complained B．talked
C．walked on D．set off
24．A.suddenly B．eventually
C．repeatedly D．slowly
25．A.players B．parents
C．kids D．drivers
26．A.noticed B．signed
C．ignored D．selected
27．A.so B．but
C．for D．as
28．A.notebook B．ticket
C．present D．baseball
29．A.warning B．signature
C．note D．encouragement
30．A.delight B．shame
C．regret D．relief
31．A.adventure B．surprise
C．satisfaction D．anxiety
32．A.precious B．critical
C．awkward D．historic
33．A.memory B．love
C．inspiration D．curiosity
34．A.upset B．sorry
C．grateful D．hungry
35．A.accumulated B．accounted
C．treated D．preserved
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese invented block printing more than 1,400 years ago.The original characters were carved on wood and ink was then applied.Block printing is time consuming and __36__ (cost) a lot of manpower and materials.Misprinted characters cannot be __37__ (easy) corrected.These shortcomings were only overcome after the appearance of movable type printing, __38__ greatly improved the speed and quality of printing.
Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented the movable type printing.He carved the Chinese characters on small __39__ (cube) of sticky clay.He baked them in the fire until they became hard and movable.In the course of presswork, the movable characters were placed into __40__ iron frame until it was full.He then took a smooth board and pressed it over the surface so that the block of type became even. Then ink was applied and it was ready __41__ printing.To be more __42__ (efficiency), he prepared two iron boards.When one was being used for printing, the other could be used __43__ (put) characters in order for the next page.The two boards were used alternately.
Although what Bi Sheng invented was simple when __44__ (compare) to today’s letterpress printing; it already had the main traits of modern printing.So Bi Sheng’s __45__ (contribute) to printing cannot be overstated.
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你想邀请网友Peter下周六参观你校举办的“科技小发明”(technology gadgets)展览。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．具体时间和地点；
2．展览目的和内容。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Change is an unavoidable part of everyday life. It happens as time passes or as a consequence of one’s decision. Changes may be positive or negative depending on how we understand them. Whereas some people are happy to live a life of routine, others accept change and prefer a challenging world where events are unpredictable.
From one point of view, people who accept changes think that changes make their life meaningful. Firstly, changes create new opportunities, which make them leap forward. A new job, for instance, might present challenges that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to his skill set. Secondly, a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has become boring and predictable. Finally, as well as making life more fun and interesting, new experiences can be good for physical and mental health. People find that changes can make them experienced and valuable.
On the other hand, people who don’t want to step outside their comfort zone prefer following their daily habits. They feel satisfied with their circumstances. Perhaps they feel that a routine gives them structure, maybe they are not fond of surprises or confident enough to face new challenges. They believe that staying secure and maintaining the present circumstances is the best way to live life safer. Such people have set time for performing certain functions and doing things in the same way all the time. They fear the uncertainty of the unknown and may associate change with negative outcomes. For example, transition in position or status gives people worries as to whether they can manage a new task.
Both sides seem to have their own advantages. However, I personally think change is necessary if someone wants to keep up with the fast pace of modern life. Even if some people maintain a form of stability by following a routine, the world keeps spinning and evolving. Without change there would be no life at all. Our lives are actually fueled by change and seeing change as natural and unavoidable will bring us considerable stress relief.
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第 12 页 共 12 页
阶段仿真检测(三) Unit 3 The meaning of colour
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Louis Pasteur was a world famous French chemist and biologist.
He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva (唾液) entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissues of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种)．
On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his pioneering rabies vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment.
On March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world.
Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint Cloud on September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame.
Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections.
语篇解读：路易斯·巴斯德是一位著名的化学家和生物学家，他最大的成就是发明了狂犬病疫苗。
1．A person can develop rabies________.
A．if he is bitten by a rabbit
B．if he touches infected saliva
C．if infected saliva enters his wounds
D．if he touches an infected animal
解析：选C 细节理解题。从第二段第二句可知，人类感染狂犬病的途径有两种，一种是被已感染动物咬伤；另一种是通过传染性唾液进入伤口。对比原文信息可知，C项指的是第二种途径。
2．What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man
A．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later.
B．It didn’t save the man’s life.
C．It proved to be a great success.
D．The man was his second patient.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，路易斯·巴斯德第一次在人类身上试验自己的疫苗就获得了成功。故C项正确。
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date.
B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients.
C．Injections of vaccine still take much time.
D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，改进过的巴斯德方法到今天仍然在使用，新的疫苗比旧的更加先进，因此推断D项正确。
B
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and, as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes (脑量) of a thousand people of different ages with different puter technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls the tasks like eating and breathing, does not contract (萎缩) with age.
Contraction of front and side parts — as cells die off — was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy year olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction — using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. “Those with least possibility，” says Matsuzawa, “are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.”
语篇解读：文章介绍了一项研究的发现：不经常用脑的人的大脑比经常用脑的人要萎缩得早。所以要想保持大脑的年轻，就要多使用大脑。
4．The team of doctors wanted to find out________.
A．at what point people grow mentally old
B．how to make people live longer
C．the size of certain people’s brains
D．which people are the most clever
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第二段可知，这项调查是想弄清楚为什么人会在精神上变老，A项符合题意。
5．Their research findings are based on________.
A．an examination of farmers in northern Japan
B．tests given on a thousand old people
C．examining the brain volumes of different people
D．using computer technology
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“With a team of ... with different jobs.”可知，这项研究是建立在对1 000个人的脑量的检测的基础之上的。
6．The researchers’ tests show that________.
A．our brains contract as we grow older
B．one part of the brain does not contract
C．sixty year olds have better brains than thirty year olds
D．some people’s brains have contracted earlier than other people’s
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Contraction of front and side parts — as cells die off — was seen in some people in their thirties ...”可知，有些人的大脑萎缩得比其他人早。
7．The most possible conclusion of the passage is that________.
A．most of us take more exercise
B．it’s better to live in the town
C．the brain contracts if it is not used
D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old
解析：选C 推理判断题。由倒数第二段的句子“Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction — using the head.”可推知，人的大脑不经常使用会萎缩。
C
A family is nice to have. Some of us have lots of relatives. Others have just one or two. And some of us live in adopted families. What about wild animals Some are loners, but many species live permanently in families, just as we do.
When I studied African wild dogs, I saw that each pack consists mainly of grown brothers and their father and uncles. Usually, one unrelated female lives with them. If a dog gets lost, it makes its special “hog call”， and the others answer. Warthogs also live in families. A common group would be an old mother, her grown daughters, and these daughters’ grown daughters with their babies. If these warthogs become separated, they look for one another.
But some other plant eaters seem to have almost no family ties. For example, caribou live in huge herds of hundreds or even thousands of animals. Except for each mother and her baby, these animals do not appear to remember one another. If some of them get lost, the others do not seem to miss them.
An animal can be in great danger if it has no family to help fight off predators (捕食性动物). I once saw a rooster try to defend his chicks from a snake. He was killed by the snake. The wildebeest, which lives in a herd, is on its own when predators strike. That is because a wildebeest herd, like a caribou herd, is just a crowd of unrelated animals that do not know or care about one another. Many times I saw wildebeest mothers standing alone, trying to protect their babies from wild dogs. But in the end, each mother had to flee for her own life.
However, a big family is sometimes a nuisance (麻烦事). The little dik dik is a tiny antelope that lives in Africa. It has a diet of rare plants and is limited to a small home range. The dik dik would not find enough to eat if there were too many relatives around. The female leopard, too, lives alone all her life, except while she’s raising cubs (幼崽). She usually hunts small animals, which are just big enough to feed her and her cubs, but nobody else.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。部分动物的生存依赖其家庭成员的帮助。
8．What would an African wild dog do if it couldn’t find its way home
A．It would let out a special call.
B．It would listen to the father’s call.
C．It would leave some marks on the ground.
D．It would follow the family’s unique smell.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If a dog gets lost, it makes its special ‘hog call’， and the others answer.”可知，非洲野狗走失后会发出特殊的叫喊声以期家庭成员能够听到。
9. What’s typical of a warthog group
A．Females form close circles.
B．The oldest one is usually the leader.
C．Young ones are independent of their parents.
D．Family members fight off predators on their own.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A common group would be an old mother, her grown daughters, and these daughters’ grown daughters with their babies.”可知，疣猪家庭中的雌性之间关系亲密。
10．What usually happens during a mother wildebeest’s baby protection fight
A．Her babies run away from her.
B．Predators are scared away.
C．She gets herself killed.
D．Her efforts are in vain.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Many times I saw wildebeest mothers standing alone ...each mother had to flee for her own life.”可知，角马妈妈们保护幼崽的行为常常以失败告终。
11. Which of the following can describe dik diks and female leopards
A．They are loners.
B．They are big eaters.
C．They are peace lovers.
D．They do much for their cubs.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The dik dik would not find enough to eat if there were too many relatives around”和“The female leopard, too, lives alone all her life”可知，犬羚和母豹都是独居者。
D
Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place Lots of people have. Now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why.
They found that one half of the brain remains more awake than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place. This appears a case of the brain keeping people ready for trouble in a new place, the researchers said.
The sleep findings were reported in Current Biology and by Brown University. In their report, the researchers said many people reported they had a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their home.
They call it “first night effect”. “In Japan, if you change your pillow, you can’t sleep，” said Yuka Sasaki, one of the report’s authors. “You don’t sleep very well in a new place. We all know about it.”
The researchers measured brain waves for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory. The two nights were a week apart. They found during the first night the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was more active than the right hemisphere. This was during the first deep sleep period, the researchers said.
Sasaki said a lot of questions remain. Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long, so they don’t know if the left hemisphere keeps “watch” all night. Or whether it “works in shifts (轮流)” with the right hemisphere later in the night. They also do not know why the extra brain activity, at least during the first phase of deep sleep, is always on the left hemisphere.
For some, this research may be calming. It is good to know that our brain is “looking out for us” in a new place. But it may not help with sleep. That extra brain activity, at least according to this new research, makes it harder to get the sleep people need to feel well rested in the morning.
语篇解读：本文为说明文。常常人们一换了环境就容易睡不好，这到底是为什么呢？原来很可能是我们的左脑在“作怪”。
12．Sleep problems in a new place may result from ________.
A．the so called “first night effect”
B．the concern over personal safety
C．the extra activity of the right brain
D．the brain’s failure to work properly
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段首句可知，当人们换了新地方准备睡觉时，有半个大脑仍然比较活跃，保持清醒状态，因此我们睡不好和大脑工作失调有关。
13．What can be learnt from the study
A．Brain waves were measured in two separate days.
B．The left brain develops better than the right one.
C．The extra activity is limited to the left brain.
D．The left brain keeps “watch” all night.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第五段前两句可知，研究人员分开两天测试志愿者的脑电波，时间相隔一周。
14．For a good sleep, the brain’s “watch” could be ________.
A．helpful B．necessary
C．unpleasant D．irresponsible
解析：选C 推理判断题。从文章最后一段中的“But it may not help with sleep.”可知，新环境下大脑保持警惕状态虽然起到一种保护作用，但是对睡眠来说，却不是件好事。
15．The text aims to ________.
A．give some advice to people with sleep problems
B．show the real link between the brain and sleep
C．call attention to the brain activity
D．explain the “first night effect”
解析：选D 主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文主要解释说明了在陌生环境中第一天会睡不好的原因，这种现象即“首夜效应”。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you remember those times when your mother told you to avoid talking to strangers But now you’re not a child anymore. In fact, there are advantages of talking to strangers.
You can meet a really great person.
__16__ You can meet a person who’ll become your best friend in future. You can also meet someone who’ll give you a chance to get your dream job or somehow help you in life.
__17__
You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends’ and relatives’ points of view about them too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that’ll broaden you horizons.
You can improve your social skills.
Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers. __18__ You can better these skills when talking to a stranger.
__19__
If you belong to that shy type of people, talking to a stranger may seem to be a real challenge for you. I’m also extremely shy but I realize it’s not an issue at all. You can overcome your fear of being judged by others by talking to strangers and become more confident.
You can cheer someone up.
The thing you’ll definitely like about talking to strangers is that you can make someone’s day better. Smile and people will smile in return. Compliment people and they’ll think something pleasant about you. __20__
A．It expands your world view.
B．You’ll feel an increase in confidence.
C．It helps you to become a more talkative person.
D．It may show you the solutions you didn’t know about.
E．Talking to a stranger is a good habit as you never know who you may meet.
F．Having a short dialogue is one of those perfect chances to make people cheerful.
G．Asking proper questions and attentive listening are two skills that many don’t have.
语篇解读：你还记得小时候母亲告诉你不要和陌生人说话吗？但现在你不是一个孩子了。事实上，和陌生人交谈是有好处的。
16．选E 根据小标题“You can meet a really great person.”及空格后的“You can meet”“You can also meet”可知答案。
17．选A 根据下文中的“can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that’ll broaden your horizons”可知答案。
18．选G G项中的“two skills”与小标题中的“social skills”、空前的“Whatever social skills”和空后的“these skills”相呼应，故选G。
19．选B 根据下文中的“You can overcome your fear of being judged by others by talking to strangers and become more confident.”可知答案。
20．选F F项中的“make people cheerful”与本段小标题“You can cheer someone up.”相呼应，故选F。
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Several years ago, my father took us to watch a World Series game. As we __21__ the stadium, we passed an open garage that led back into Yankee Stadium.I looked in and __22__ a bus.I stopped as my family __23__.When the garage door started going down __24__， I hit the ground, a notebook and a pen in hand, and rolled inside along with a few other kids.
As a stadium door opened, several __25__ came in the garage.They __26__ my notebook.I could feel my heart beat harder with each autograph. But where was Sandy, my favourite baseball player
Finally, Sandy came in, __27__ he boarded the bus before I could get to him.So I climbed up the bus stairs and asked a player sitting in the front to pass my __28__ back to Sandy.It came back with his __29__.To my parents’ great __30__， I was soon escorted (护送) out of the garage.I was floating in the air.The feeling of __31__ lasted for days.
With each new World Series season, I wonder what that day and those __32__ moments would have felt like if I hadn’t been in it for __33__， but for the money that a sports star’s signature might bring. I am so __34__ for that day, and for not knowing that an autograph could be worth anything more than a wonderful moment to be __35__ for a lifetime.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中讲述了自己儿时的一次索要棒球运动员签名的经历。每当回忆起这次经历时，他都感到美妙如初。
21．A.entered B．left
C．returned to D．got around
解析：选B 根据下文向棒球运动员索要签名可知，应是比赛结束离开(left)棒球场时。
22．A.stopped B．caught
C．missed D．spotted
解析：选D 作者往车库里瞧了瞧，看到(spotted)一辆巴士。
23．A.complained B．talked
C．walked on D．set off
解析：选C 当家人继续往出口走(walked on)的时候作者停了下来。
24．A.suddenly B．eventually
C．repeatedly D．slowly
解析：选D 根据本空后“rolled inside”可判断，当车库门缓缓(slowly)落下的时候，作者躺倒在地，和其他几个小孩一起滚了进去，手里拿着一本手册和一支笔。
25．A.players B．parents
C．kids D．drivers
解析：选A 体育场的门打开了，几名运动员(players)进入车库。本段最后的player也是答案提示。
26．A.noticed B．signed
C．ignored D．selected
解析：选B 根据本空后“with each autograph”可判断，他们在作者的手册上签了名(signed)。
27．A.so B．but
C．for D．as
解析：选B 最后Sandy终于出现了，但是(but)他在作者走近他之前就上了巴士。
28．A.notebook B．ticket
C．present D．baseball
解析：选A 作者爬上了巴士，并让坐在前面的球员帮他把签名手册(notebook)传给Sandy。上文多处出现的“notebook”也是提示。
29．A.warning B．signature
C．note D．encouragement
解析：选B 根据下文中“I was floating in the air.”可判断，作者拿到了Sandy的签名(signature)。
30．A.delight B．shame
C．regret D．relief
解析：选D 作者进到车库的时候父母并不知情，所以令父母感到宽慰(relief)的是，作者被护送出了车库。
31．A.adventure B．surprise
C．satisfaction D．anxiety
解析：选C 根据上文的描述可判断，作者拿到了Sandy的签名后，仿佛感到自己在空中漂浮，那种满足感(satisfaction)持续了好几天。
32．A.precious B．critical
C．awkward D．historic
解析：选A 每一个新赛季的到来，作者都会回想起那一天和那些珍贵的(precious)时刻，若是那天他不是因为热爱(love)而是为了钱而去索要签名的话会是一种什么感觉？
33．A.memory B．love
C．inspiration D．curiosity
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
34．A.upset B．sorry
C．grateful D．hungry
解析：选C 根据上下文的语境可判断，作者很感激(grateful)那一天，很庆幸他当时还不明白签名还有一些其他的用途。
35．A.accumulated B．accounted
C．treated D．preserved
解析：选D 作者当时还不明白签名还有一些其他的用途，作者感激它让自己拥有了一个值得一生珍藏的(preserved)美妙瞬间。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese invented block printing more than 1,400 years ago.The original characters were carved on wood and ink was then applied.Block printing is time consuming and __36__ (cost) a lot of manpower and materials.Misprinted characters cannot be __37__ (easy) corrected.These shortcomings were only overcome after the appearance of movable type printing, __38__ greatly improved the speed and quality of printing.
Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented the movable type printing.He carved the Chinese characters on small __39__ (cube) of sticky clay.He baked them in the fire until they became hard and movable.In the course of presswork, the movable characters were placed into __40__ iron frame until it was full.He then took a smooth board and pressed it over the surface so that the block of type became even. Then ink was applied and it was ready __41__ printing.To be more __42__ (efficiency), he prepared two iron boards.When one was being used for printing, the other could be used __43__ (put) characters in order for the next page.The two boards were used alternately.
Although what Bi Sheng invented was simple when __44__ (compare) to today’s letterpress printing; it already had the main traits of modern printing.So Bi Sheng’s __45__ (contribute) to printing cannot be overstated.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了毕昇发明活字印刷术的经过，以及其工作原理和这一发明的重要意义。
36．costs 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据本句谓语动词is且由and连接构成并列谓语可知，此处应填一般现在时的第三人称单数形式costs。
37．easily 考查副词。corrected为动词，需用副词修饰。故填easily。
38．which 考查定语从句。本句为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，故应用which引导。故填which。
39．cubes 考查名词复数。cube为可数名词，前面没有冠词，故应用复数形式cubes。
40．an 考查冠词。frame为可数名词，此处泛指“一个铁框”，且iron的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
41．for 考查介词。be ready for sth.“为……做准备”为固定用法，故填for。
42．efficient 考查形容词。根据空格前的be可知应填形容词作表语，故填efficient。
43．to put 考查非谓语动词。be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”后跟不定式，故填to put。
44．compared 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然毕昇的发明与今天的凸版印刷相比很简单。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故compare只能作非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成动宾关系，用过去分词，故填compared。
45．contribution 考查名词。上文“Bi Sheng’s”为名词所有格，故应填名词contribution。
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你想邀请网友Peter下周六参观你校举办的“科技小发明”(technology gadgets)展览。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．具体时间和地点；
2．展览目的和内容。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I’m glad to invite you to an exhibition of technology gadgets to be held in our school next Saturday.
The exhibition is scheduled to take place in the football field from 8：00 am to 12：00 pm, lasting 4 hours. It’s aimed at encouraging students’ creative thinking as well as sharing their works with others. In this exhibition, you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life. Additionally, some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot. It would be nice if you could join in the coming exhibition.
Looking forward to your reply and expecting your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Change is an unavoidable part of everyday life. It happens as time passes or as a consequence of one’s decision. Changes may be positive or negative depending on how we understand them. Whereas some people are happy to live a life of routine, others accept change and prefer a challenging world where events are unpredictable.
From one point of view, people who accept changes think that changes make their life meaningful. Firstly, changes create new opportunities, which make them leap forward. A new job, for instance, might present challenges that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to his skill set. Secondly, a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has become boring and predictable. Finally, as well as making life more fun and interesting, new experiences can be good for physical and mental health. People find that changes can make them experienced and valuable.
On the other hand, people who don’t want to step outside their comfort zone prefer following their daily habits. They feel satisfied with their circumstances. Perhaps they feel that a routine gives them structure, maybe they are not fond of surprises or confident enough to face new challenges. They believe that staying secure and maintaining the present circumstances is the best way to live life safer. Such people have set time for performing certain functions and doing things in the same way all the time. They fear the uncertainty of the unknown and may associate change with negative outcomes. For example, transition in position or status gives people worries as to whether they can manage a new task.
Both sides seem to have their own advantages. However, I personally think change is necessary if someone wants to keep up with the fast pace of modern life. Even if some people maintain a form of stability by following a routine, the world keeps spinning and evolving. Without change there would be no life at all. Our lives are actually fueled by change and seeing change as natural and unavoidable will bring us considerable stress relief.
参考范文：
People hold various attitudes toward change, an inevitable part of life. (要点1) Those who value changes see it as chances of making progress, gaining new exercises and promoting their health. (要点2) However, those terrified of leaving their comfort zone appreciate following a routine, which gives them both security and stability. (要点3) The author argues for change to keep pace with modern life based on the laws of life evolution. (要点4)
